Top 33 How Does Theon Greyjoy Pee The 99 Latest Answer

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Since eunuchs were common among the slaves, they came up with a method for them to safely heal and be able to urinate. The eunuchs in ASOIAF were cut ‘root and stem’. For apparently a man with a penis but without testicles can still fall victim to temptation.The eunuchs squatted to urinate, and both urethral strictures and incontinence must have been common, because some eunuchs carried silver quills for self-catheterization, presumably because of strictures (7), and others used a removable plug (Fig. 2c) to prevent incontinence (31).The young man’s thighs and abdomen would be tied and others would pin him down on a table. The genitals would be washed with pepper water and then cut off. A tube would be then inserted into the urethra to allow urination during healing.

How does a eunuch urinate?

The eunuchs squatted to urinate, and both urethral strictures and incontinence must have been common, because some eunuchs carried silver quills for self-catheterization, presumably because of strictures (7), and others used a removable plug (Fig. 2c) to prevent incontinence (31).

How does the Uniq pee?

The young man’s thighs and abdomen would be tied and others would pin him down on a table. The genitals would be washed with pepper water and then cut off. A tube would be then inserted into the urethra to allow urination during healing.

Is Theon Greyjoy a eunuch?

The show’s final prominent eunuch character is Theon Greyjoy, who is castrated by Ramsay Bolton in season three.

Do unsullied have balls?

Only a third of the slaves to enter training survive to become Unsullied. The eunuchs are fully castrated, with their penis and testicles cut, and their manhoods are burned at the altar of the Lady of Spears. This means that they cannot be as strong as whole men, but this is more than made up for by discipline.

How painful is it to be castrated?

All methods of castration cause pain and distress, which can be minimized by castrating as early as possible, preferably within the first week of life. The Canadian Code of Practice for the Care and Handling of Beef Cattle requires that, as of 2018, calves older than six months be castrated using pain control.

Did GREY worm have balls?

The show tells us that at the very least, the boys are shorn of their testicles, and in A Song of Ice and Fire, it’s confirmed that the boys are fully castrated.

Does Grey Worm like Missandei?

The show’s decision to include this scene smacks of self-awareness—but that doesn’t lessen the sting of it. For years, Grey Worm and Missandei have engaged in a courting so pure and overwhelming that it verges on the profoundly boring.

What is the gender of eunuch?

Eunuchs are biological males who have undergone voluntary castration for reasons other than male‐to‐female transsexualism.

Do eunuchs live longer?

Researchers were able to identify 81 eunuchs, who were castrated as boys, and determined that they lived to an average age of 70, significantly longer than other men of similar social status.

Game of Thrones – Reek

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how does theon greyjoy pee

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Contents

Etymology[edit]

By region and epoch[edit]

Religious castration[edit]

In the Bible[edit]

Non-castrated eunuchs[edit]

Castrato singers[edit]

In popular culture[edit]

Notable eunuchs[edit]

Wikipedia

Castrated male human

A eunuch ( YOO-nək)[1] is a man who has been castrated.[2] Throughout history, castration often served a specific social function.[3]
The earliest records for intentional castration to produce eunuchs are from the Sumerian city of Lagash in the 2nd millennium BCE.[4][5] Over the millennia since, they have performed a wide variety of functions in many different cultures: courtiers or equivalent domestics, for espionage or clandestine operations, castrato singers, concubines, or sexual partners, religious specialists, soldiers, royal guards, government officials, and guardians of women or harem servants.

Eunuchs would usually be servants or slaves who had been castrated to make them less threatening servants of a royal court where physical access to the ruler could wield great influence.[6] Seemingly lowly domestic functions—such as making the ruler’s bed, bathing him, cutting his hair, carrying him in his litter, or even relaying messages—could, in theory, give a eunuch “the ruler’s ear” and impart de facto power on the formally humble but trusted servant. Similar instances are reflected in the humble origins and etymology of many high offices.

Eunuchs supposedly did not generally have loyalties to the military, the aristocracy, or a family of their own (having neither offspring nor in-laws, at the very least). They were thus seen as more trustworthy and less interested in establishing a private “dynasty”. Because their condition usually lowered their social status, they could also be easily replaced or killed without repercussion. In cultures that had both harems and eunuchs, eunuchs were sometimes used as harem servants.

Etymology [ edit ]
Eunuch comes from the Ancient Greek word εὐνοῦχος (eunoukhos), first attested in a fragment of Hipponax,[7] the 6th century BCE comic poet and prolific inventor of compound words.[8] The acerbic poet describes a particular lover of fine food having “consumed his estate dining lavishly and at leisure every day on tuna and garlic-honey cheese paté like a Lampsacene eunoukhos.”[9]
The earliest surviving etymology of the word is from late antiquity. The 5th century (CE) Etymologicon by Orion of Thebes offers two alternative origins for the word eunuch: first, to tēn eunēn ekhein, “guarding the bed”, a derivation inferred from eunuchs’ established role at the time as “bedchamber attendants” in the imperial palace, and second, to eu tou nou ekhein, “being good with respect to the mind”, which Orion explains based on their “being deprived of intercourse (esterēmenou tou misgesthai), the things that the ancients used to call irrational (anoēta, literally: ‘mindless’)”.[10] Orion’s second option reflects well-established idioms in Ancient Greek, as shown by entries for transl. grc – transl. noos, eunoos and ekhein in Liddell and Scott’s Greek-English Lexicon, while the first option is not listed as an idiom under eunē in that standard reference work.[11] However, the first option was cited by the late 9th century Byzantine emperor Leo VI in his New Constitution 98 banning the marriage of eunuchs, in which he noted eunuchs’ reputation as trustworthy guardians of the marriage bed (eunē) and claimed that the very word eunuch attested to this kind of employment.[12] The emperor also goes further than Orion by attributing eunuchs’ lack of male-female intercourse specifically to castration, which he said was performed with the intention “that they will no longer do the things that males do, or at least to extinguish whatever has to do with desire for the female sex”.[13] The 11th century Byzantine monk Nikon of the Black Mountain, opting instead for Orion’s second alternative, stated that the word came from eunoein (eu “good” + nous “mind”), thus meaning “to be well-minded, well-inclined, well-disposed or favorable”, but unlike Orion he argued that this was due to the trust that certain jealous and suspicious foreign rulers placed in the loyalty of their eunuchized servants.[14] Theophylact of Ohrid in a dialogue In Defence of Eunuchs also stated that the origin of the word was from eupnoeic and ekhein, “to have, hold”, since they were always “well-disposed” toward the master who “held” or owned them.[15][16] The 12th century Etymologicum Magnum (s.v. eunoukhos) essentially repeats the entry from Orion, but stands by the first option, while attributing the second option to what “some say”. In the late 12th century, Eustathius of Thessalonica (Commentaries on Homer 1256.30, 1643.16) offered an original derivation of the word from eunis + okheuein, “deprived of mating”.

In translations of the Bible into modern European languages, such as the Luther Bible or the King James Bible, the word eunuchs as found in the Latin Vulgate is usually rendered as an officer, official or chamberlain, consistent with the idea that the original meaning of eunuch was bed-keeper (Orion’s first option). Modern religious scholars have been disinclined to assume that the courts of Israel and Judah included castrated men,[17] even though the original translation of the Bible into Greek used the word eunoukhos.

The early 17th-century scholar and theologian Gerardus Vossius therefore explains that the word originally designated an office, and he affirms the view that it was derived from eunē and ekhein (i.e. “bed-keeper”).[18] He says the word came to be applied to castrated men in general because such men were the usual holders of that office. Still, Vossius notes the alternative etymologies offered by Eustathius (“deprived of mating”) and others (“having the mind in a good state”), calling these analyses “quite subtle”. Then, after having previously declared that eunuch designated an office (i.e., not a personal characteristic), Vossius ultimately sums up his argument in a different way, saying that the word “originally signified continent men” to whom the care of women was entrusted, and later came to refer to castration because “among foreigners” that role was performed “by those with mutilated bodies”.

Modern etymologists have followed Orion’s first option.[19][20] In an influential 1925 essay on the word eunuch and related terms, Ernst Maass suggested that Eustathius’s derivation “can or must be laid to rest”, and he affirmed the derivation from eunē and ekhein (“guardian of the bed”),[19] without mentioning the other derivation from eunoos and ekhein (“having a well-disposed state of mind”).

In Latin, the words eunuchus,[21] spado (Greek: σπάδων spadon),[22][23] and castratus were used to denote eunuchs.[24]
By region and epoch [ edit ]
Ancient Middle East [ edit ]
The four-thousand-year-old Egyptian Execration Texts threaten enemies in Nubia and Asia, specifically referencing “all males, all eunuchs, all women.”[25]
Castration was sometimes punitive; under Assyrian law, homosexual acts were punishable by castration.[26][27]
Limestone wall relief depicting an Assyrian royal attendant, a eunuch. From the Central Palace at Nimrud, Iraq, 744–727 BCE. Ancient Orient Museum, Istanbul

Eunuchs were familiar figures in the Assyrian Empire (ca. 850 until 622 BCE)[28] and in the court of the Egyptian Pharaohs (down to the Lagid dynasty known as Ptolemies, ending with Cleopatra VII, 30 BCE). Eunuchs sometimes were used as regents for underage heirs to the throne, as it seems to be the case for the Neo-Hittite state of Carchemish.[29] Political eunuchism became a fully established institution among the Achamenide Persians.[30] Eunuchs held powerful positions in the Achaemenide court. The eunuch Bagoas (not to be confused with Alexander’s Bagoas) was the Vizier of Artaxerxes III and Artaxerxes IV, and was the primary power behind the throne during their reigns, until he was killed by Darius III.[31]
Marmon (1995) writes “Mamluk biographies of the eunuchs often praise their appearance with adjectives such as jamil (beautiful), wasim (handsome), and ahsan (the best, most beautiful) or akmal (the most perfect).”[32]
Ancient Greece, Rome and Byzantium [ edit ]
The practice was also well established in other Mediterranean areas among the Greeks and Romans, although a role as court functionary does not arise until Byzantine times. The Galli or Priests of Cybele were eunuchs.

In the late period of the Roman Empire, after the adoption of the oriental royal court model by the Emperors Diocletian (r. 284-305) and Constantine (r. 306–337), emperors were surrounded by eunuchs for such functions as bathing, haircutting, dressing, and bureaucratic functions, in effect acting as a shield between the emperor and his administrators from physical contact, thus enjoying great influence in the imperial court (see Eusebius and Eutropius). Julian (r. 361–363) released the eunuchs from their service because he felt they were overpaid, and he subsequently realized how much they had contributed to palace operations.[33]
The Roman poet Martial rails against a woman who has sex with partially castrated eunuchs (those whose testicles were removed or rendered inactive only) in the bitter epigram (VI, 67): “Do you ask, Panychus, why your Caelia only consorts with eunuchs? Caelia wants the flowers of marriage – not the fruits.”[34] It is up for debate whether this passage is representative of any sort of widely practiced behavior, however.

At the Byzantine imperial court, there were a great number of eunuchs employed in domestic and administrative functions, actually organized as a separate hierarchy, following a parallel career of their own. Archieunuchs—each in charge of a group of eunuchs—were among the principal officers in Constantinople, under the emperors.[35] Under Justinian in the 6th century, the eunuch Narses functioned as a successful general in a number of campaigns.

Advantages of eunuchs were that they prevented offices from becoming hereditary, allowing appointments to be made on merit; they were more dedicated to their jobs, not being distracted by family obligations; and they were ineligible for the throne, and for that reason thought by emperors to be safe.[36] Those who had been deprived not only of their testicles but also their penises were known in Greek as carzimasia, and were highly prized.[37]
By the last centuries of the Empire, the number of roles reserved for eunuchs had reduced, and their use may have been all but over.[citation needed]
Following the Byzantine tradition, eunuchs had important tasks at the court of the Norman Kingdom of Sicily during the middle 12th century. One of them, Philip of Mahdia, has been admiratus admiratorum, and another one, Ahmed es-Sikeli, was prime minister.

China [ edit ]
A group of eunuchs. Mural from the tomb of the prince Zhanghuai , 706 AD.

In China, castration included removal of the penis as well as the testicles (see emasculation). Both organs were cut off with a knife at the same time.[38]
Eunuchs existed in China from about 4,000 years ago, were imperial servants by 3,000 years ago, and were common as civil servants by the time of the Qin dynasty.[39][40] From those ancient times until the Sui dynasty, castration was both a traditional punishment (one of the Five Punishments) and a means of gaining employment in the Imperial service. Certain eunuchs, such as the Ming dynasty official Zheng He, gained immense power that occasionally superseded that of even the Grand Secretaries. Self-castration was a common practice, although it was not always performed completely, which led to it being made illegal.

It is said that the justification for the employment of eunuchs as high-ranking civil servants was that, since they were incapable of having children, they would not be tempted to seize power and start a dynasty. In many cases, eunuchs were considered more reliable than the scholar-officials.[41] As a symbolic assignment of heavenly authority to the palace system, a constellation of stars was designated as the Emperor’s, and, to the west of it, four stars were identified as his “eunuchs.”[42]
The tension between eunuchs in the service of the emperor and virtuous Confucian officials is a familiar theme in Chinese history. In his History of Government, Samuel Finer points out that reality was not always that clear-cut. There were instances of very capable eunuchs who were valuable advisers to their emperor, and the resistance of the “virtuous” officials often stemmed from jealousy on their part. Ray Huang argues that in reality, eunuchs represented the personal will of the Emperor, while the officials represented the alternative political will of the bureaucracy. The clash between them would thus have been a clash of ideologies or political agenda.[43]
The number of eunuchs in Imperial employ fell to 470 by 1912, when the practice of using them ceased. The last Imperial eunuch, Sun Yaoting, died in December 1996.[44]
Korea [ edit ]
The eunuchs of Korea, called Naesi (내시, 內侍),[45] were officials to the king and other royalty in traditional Korean society. The first recorded appearance of a Korean eunuch was in Goryeosa (“History of Goryeo”), a compilation about the Goryeo Dynasty period. In 1392, with the founding of the Joseon Dynasty, the Naesi system was revised, and the department was renamed the “Department of Naesi” (내시부, 內侍府).[46]
The Naesi system included two ranks, those of Sangseon (상선, 尙膳, “Chief of Naesi”), who held the official title of senior second rank, and Naegwan (내관, 內官, “Common official naesi”), both of which held rank as officers. 140 naesi in total served the palace in Joseon Dynasty period. They also took the exam on Confucianism every month.[46] The naesi system was repealed in 1894 following Gabo reform.

During the Yuan dynasty, eunuchs became a desirable commodity for tributes.[47][48]
Eunuchs were the only males outside the royal family allowed to stay inside the palace overnight. Court records going back to 1392 indicate that the average lifespan of eunuchs was 70.0 ± 1.76 years, which was 14.4–19.1 years longer than the lifespan of non-castrated men of similar socioeconomic status.[49]
Vietnam [ edit ]
The Vietnamese adopted the eunuch system and castration techniques from China. Records show that the Vietnamese performed castration in a painful procedure by removing the entire genitalia with both penis and testicles being cut off with a sharp knife or metal blade. The procedure was agonizing since the entire penis was cut off.[50] The young man’s thighs and abdomen would be tied and others would pin him down on a table. The genitals would be washed with pepper water and then cut off. A tube would be then inserted into the urethra to allow urination during healing.[51] Many Vietnamese eunuchs were products of self castration to gain access to the palaces and power. In other cases they might be paid to become eunuchs. They served in many capacities, from supervising public works, to investigating crimes, to reading public proclamations.[52]
Thailand [ edit ]
In Siam (modern Thailand) Indian Muslims from the Coromandel Coast served as eunuchs in the Thai palace and court.[53][54] The Thai at times asked eunuchs from China to visit the court in Thailand and advise them on court ritual since they held them in high regard.[55][56]
Burma [ edit ]
Sir Henry Yule saw many Muslims serving as eunuchs in the Konbaung Dynasty of Burma (modern Myanmar) while on a diplomatic mission.[57]
Arabian Peninsula [ edit ]
For several centuries, Muslim Eunuchs were tasked with honored roles in Medina and Mecca.[58] They are thought to have been instituted in their role there by Salah ad-Deen Ayubi, but perhaps earlier.[59][60] Their tasks included caring for the Prophet Muhammad’s tomb, maintaining borders between males and females where needed, and keeping order in the sacred spaces.[61] They were highly respected in their time and remained there throughout the Ottoman Empire’s control of the area and afterward.[62] In the present day, it is reported that only a few remain.[63]
Ottoman Empire [ edit ]
In the Ottoman Empire, eunuchs were typically slaves imported from outside their domains. A fair proportion of male slaves were imported as eunuchs.[64] The Ottoman court harem—within the Topkapı Palace (1465–1853) and later the Dolmabahçe Palace (1853–1909) in Istanbul—was under the administration of the eunuchs. These were of two categories: black eunuchs and white eunuchs. Black eunuchs were African slaves who served the concubines and officials in the Harem together with chamber maidens of low rank. The white eunuchs were European slaves from the Balkans or the Caucasus, either purchased in the slave markets or taken as boys from Christian families in the Balkans who were unable to pay the Jizya tax. They served the recruits at the Palace School and were from 1582 prohibited from entering the Harem. An important figure in the Ottoman court was the Chief Black Eunuch (Kızlar Ağası or Dar al-Saada Ağası). In control of both the Harem and a net of spies among the black eunuchs, the Chief Eunuch was involved in almost every palace intrigue and thereby could gain power over either the sultan or one of his viziers, ministers, or other court officials.[65] One of the most powerful Chief Eunuchs was Beshir Agha in the 1730s, who played a crucial role in establishing the Ottoman version of Hanafi Islam throughout the Empire by founding libraries and schools.[66]
Coptic involvement [ edit ]
In the 14th century, the Muslim Egyptian religious scholar Taj-al-Din Abu Nasr ‘Abdal-Wahhab al-Subki discussed eunuchs in his book Kitab Mu’id al-Ni’am wa Mubid al-Niqam (Arabic: كتاب معيد النعم ومبيد النقم), a title that has been translated as Book of the Guide to [Divine] Benefits and Averting of [Divine] Vengeance and also as Book of Tutor of Graces and Annihilator of Misfortunes. In a chapter dedicated to eunuchs, Al-Subki made “the clear implication that ‘eunuchness’ is itself an office,” Shaun Marmon explained, adding that al-Subki had specified occupational subgroups for the tawashiya [eunuchs]: the zimam watched over women, and the muqaddam al-mamalik over adolescent boys.[67]
Edmund Andrews of Northwestern University, in an 1898 article called “Oriental Eunuchs” in the American Journal of Medicine, refers to Coptic priests in “Abou Gerhè in Upper Egypt” castrating slave boys.[68]
A black eunuch of the Ottoman Sultan. Photograph by Pascal Sebah , 1870s.

Coptic castration of slaves was discussed by Peter Charles Remondino, in his book History of Circumcision from the Earliest Times to the Present,[69] published in 1900. He refers to the “Abou-Gerghè” monastery in a place he calls “Mount Ghebel-Eter”. He adds details not mentioned by Andrews such as the insertion of bamboo into the victim. Bamboo was used with Chinese eunuchs. Andrews states his information is derived from an earlier work, Les Femmes, les eunuques, et les guerriers du Soudan,[69] published by a French explorer, Count Raoul du Bisson, in 1868, though this detail does not appear in Du Bisson’s book.[70]
Remondino’s claims were repeated in similar form by Henry G. Spooner in 1919, in the American Journal of Urology and Sexology. Spooner, an associate of William J. Robinson, referred to the monastery as “Abou Gerbe in Upper Egypt”.[71]
According to Remondino, Spooner, and several later sources, the Coptic priests sliced the penis and testicles off Nubian or Abyssinian slave boys around the age of eight. The boys were captured from Abyssinia and other areas in Sudan like Darfur and Kordofan, then brought into Sudan and Egypt. During the operation, the Coptic clergyman chained the boys to tables, then, after slicing off their sexual organs, stuck a piece of bamboo into the urethra and submerged them in neck-high sand under the sun. The survival rate was ten percent. Slave traders made especially large profits off eunuchs from this region.[72][73][74][75]
However, neither “Abou Gerbe”, as an actual monastery, nor “Mount Ghebel Eter”, as an actual location, are known.[citation needed] Additionally, the cited references from Andrews, Remondino and Spooner appear circular, originating in tales told by a single French explorer. The later cited sources simply copy the earlier ones. Further, the 90% mortality rate seems economically improbable, given that it would require that markets paid at least 15 times the value of an uncastrated slave boy for a eunuch slave boy. A modern peer-reviewed source[76] reports survival in Chinese court castrations of children at 33%, which is quite low, but nevertheless far higher than reported by Remondino. The same source reports later adult castrations as having a survival rate of 98%. Consequently, the accounts of castration by Coptic monks reported above, along with the 90% mortality figure, should be treated with considerable skepticism.

Fatimid Caliphate [ edit ]
In the Shi’i Fatimid Empire (909CE – 1171CE) eunuchs played major roles in the politics of the caliphates court, as well as holding a certain level of sacredness due to their association with the Fatimid imam-caliph. The eunuchs of the empire were normally purchased from slave auctions and belonged to a variety of Arab and non-Arab minority groups, though in many other cases they were brought from various noble families in the empire, which gave these individuals special connections to the Caliph. However, a system that employed foreign slaves, from multiple ethic & multi-linguistic groups were preferred and often quoted as “ideal servants”.[77] With imams normally ruling over a majority non-Shi’i population the court eunuchs’ served an important role of being ambassadors of the Imam-Caliph. They would use their own loyalty and fervor toward both the Shi’i sect and the imam-caliph himself amongst the common people of the empire to increase love for Fatimid rule. This was effective due to the mixed heritages of the eunuchs which gave them an ethnic and/or cultural common ground with the people they spoke with. Not just due to their inability to produce offspring, which made them less of a threat politically, but also in the fact that they had no choice but to dedicate their lives to their masters. Politically speaking the eunuchs often were placed into positions of significant power in one of four sectors; the service of the female members of the court, the service of the male members of the court, administrative and clerical positions, and military service.[78] This is seen during the Fatimid occupation of Cairo. Here eunuchs had at some point held the position of shurta and hisba who controlled the military garrison and the markets respectively; the two most important positions in the city besides the magistrate himself. The wide net of eunuchs across all elements of the court made them quite unique in the political realm, As only they could deal with both men and women. However the most important role of Fatimid Eunuchs was in their direct service to the Imam-Caliphs as chamberlains, treasurers, governors, and attendants.[79] Here they held a great amount of political and spiritual sway in both the noble realm and the commoner population. For instance in 946 AD the Imam-Caliph al-Qa’im died resulting in a power vacuum causing a large familial conflict. This conflict only came to an end due to the Court Eunuch al-Jawdhar informing the possible heirs that al-Qa’im had bequeathed his title to his son al-Mansur. Al-Jawdhar was the sole person told about this by al-Qi’am as the hujja, which in the Shi’i sect of Islam is the chosen individual that imams are able to inform about their line of succession. This was one of the most sacred positions in the sect as they were seen as great wells of religious knowledge and law.[80] There were several other eunuchs of high regard in Fatimid history, mainly being Abu’l-Fadi Rifq al-Khadim and Abu’l-Futuh Barjawan al-Ustadh.[81] Rifq was a black African eunuch general served as governor of the Damascus until he led an army of 30,000 men in a campaign to expand Fatimid control northeast to the city of Aleppo, Syria. He was noted for being able to unite a diverse group of black Africans, Arabs, Bedouins, Berbers, and Turks into one coherent fight force which was able to successfully combat the Mirdasids, Bedouins, and Byzantines. Barjawan was a European eunuch during late Fatimid rule who gained power through his military and political savvy which brought peace between them and the Byzantine empire. Moreover, he squashed revolts in the Libya and the Levant. Given his reputation and power in the court and military he took the reigns of the caliphate from his then student al-Hakim bi-Amr Allah; then ruled as the de facto Regent 997 CE. His usurpation of power from the caliph resulted in his assassination in 1000 CE on the orders of al-Hakim.

Algiers [ edit ]
In the 16th century, an Englishman, Samson Rowlie, was captured and castrated to serve the Ottoman governor in Algiers.

Indian subcontinent (Central Asian Muslim conquerors) [ edit ]
Eunuchs in Indian sultanates (before the Mughals) [ edit ]
Eunuchs were frequently employed in Imperial palaces by Muslim rulers as servants for female royalty, as guards of the royal harem, and as sexual mates for the nobles. Some of these attained high-status positions in society. An early example of such a high-ranking eunuch was Malik Kafur. Eunuchs in Imperial palaces were organized in a hierarchy, often with a senior or Chief Eunuch (Urdu: Khwaja Saras), directing junior eunuchs below him. Eunuchs were highly valued for their strength and trustworthiness, allowing them to live amongst women with fewer worries. This enabled eunuchs to serve as messengers, watchmen, attendants and guards for palaces. Often, eunuchs also doubled as part of the King’s court of advisers.[82][83]
The hijra of South Asia [ edit ]
Hijra, a Hindi term traditionally translated into English as “eunuch”, actually refers to what modern Westerners would call transgender women and effeminate homosexual men (although some of them reportedly identify as belonging to a third sex). The history of this third sex is mentioned in the Ancient Indian Kama Sutra, which refers to people of a “third sex” (triteeyaprakrti).[84] Some of them undergo ritual castration, but the majority do not.

They usually dress in saris (traditional garb worn by women in India) or shalwar kameez (traditional garb worn by women in South Asia) and wear heavy make-up. They typically live on the margins of society and face discrimination.[85][86] Hijra tend to have few options for earning a wage, with many turning to sex work and others performing ritualistic songs and dances.[87] They are integral to several Hindu ceremonies, such as dance programs at marriage ceremonies. They may also earn a living by going uninvited to large ceremonies such as weddings, births, new shop openings and other major family events, and singing until they are paid or given gifts to go away.[88] The ceremony is supposed to bring good luck and fertility, while the curse of an unappeased hijra is feared by many. Hijra often engage in prostitution and begging to earn money, with begging typically accompanied by singing and dancing. Some Indian provincial officials have used the assistance of hijras to collect taxes in the same fashion—they knock on the doors of shopkeepers, while dancing and singing, embarrassing them into paying.[89] Recently, hijras have started to found organizations to improve their social condition and fight discrimination, such as the Shemale Foundation Pakistan.

Religious castration [ edit ]
Castration as part of religious practice, and eunuchs occupying religious roles, have been established prior to classical antiquity. Archaeological finds at Çatalhöyük in Anatolia indicate worship of a ‘Magna Mater’ figure, a forerunner of the goddess Cybele found in later Anatolia and other parts of the near East.[90] Later Roman followers of Cybele were called Galli, who practiced ritual self-castration, known as sanguinaria.[90] Eunuch priests also figured prominently in the Atargatis cult in Syria during the first centuries AD.[91]
The practice of religious castration continued into the Christian era, with members of the early church practicing celibacy (including castration) for religious purposes,[92] although the extent and even the existence of this practice among Christians is subject to debate.[93] The early theologian Origen found evidence of the practice in Matthew 19:10–12:[94] “His disciples said to him, ‘If such is the case of a man with his wife, it is better not to marry.’ But he said to them, ‘Not everyone can accept this teaching, but only those to whom it is given. For there are eunuchs who have been so from birth, and there are eunuchs who have been made eunuchs by others, and there are eunuchs who have made themselves eunuchs for the sake of the kingdom of heaven. Let anyone accept this who can.'” (NRSV)

Tertullian, a 2nd-century Church Father, described Jesus himself and Paul of Tarsus as spadones, which is translated as “eunuchs” in some contexts.[95] Quoting from the cited book:[95] “Tertullian takes ‘spado’ to mean virgin”. The meaning of spado in late antiquity can be interpreted as a metaphor for celibacy. Tertullian even goes so far with the metaphor as to say St. Paul had been “castrated”.[95]
Eunuch priests have served various goddesses from India for many centuries. Similar phenomena are exemplified by some modern Indian communities of the hijra, which are associated with a deity and with certain rituals and festivals – notably the devotees of Yellammadevi, or jogappas, who are not castrated,[96] and the Ali of southern India, of whom at least some are.[97]
The 18th-century Russian Skoptzy (скопцы) sect was an example of a castration cult, where its members regarded castration as a way of renouncing the sins of the flesh.[98] Several members of the 20th-century Heaven’s Gate cult were found to have been castrated, apparently voluntarily and for the same reasons.[99]
In the Bible [ edit ] [6] Wherefore they are no more twain, but one flesh. What therefore God hath joined together, let not man put asunder. [7] They say unto him, Why did Moses then command to give a writing of divorcement, and to put her away? [8] He saith unto them, Moses because of the hardness of your hearts suffered you to put away your wives: but from the beginning it was not so. [9] And I say unto you, Whosoever shall put away his wife, except [it be] for fornication, and shall marry another, committeth adultery: and whoso marrieth her which is put away doth commit adultery. [10] His disciples say unto him, If the case of the man be so with [his] wife, it is not good to marry. [11] But he said unto them, All [men] cannot receive this saying, save [they] to whom it is given. [12] For there are some eunuchs, which were so born from [their] mother’s womb: and there are some eunuchs, which were made eunuchs of men: and there be eunuchs, which have made themselves eunuchs for the kingdom of heaven’s sake. He that is able to receive [it], let him receive [it]. — Matthew 19:6-12 KJV

The reference to “eunuchs” in Matthew 19:12 has yielded various interpretations.

Eunuchs are mentioned many times in the Bible, such as in the Book of Isaiah (56:4) using the word סריס (saris). Although the Ancient Hebrews did not practice castration, eunuchs were common in other cultures featured in the Bible, such as ancient Egypt, Babylonia, the Persian Empire, and ancient Rome. In the Book of Esther, servants of the harem of Ahasuerus, such as Hegai and Shashgaz, as well as other servants such as Hatach, Harbonah, Bigthan, and Teresh, are referred to as sarisim. Being exposed to the consorts of the king, they would likely have been castrated.

There is some confusion regarding eunuchs in Old Testament passages, since the Hebrew word for eunuch, saris (סריס), could also refer to other servants and officials who had not been castrated but served in similar capacities.[100][101]
One of the earliest converts to Christianity was an Ethiopian eunuch who was a high court official of Candace, the Queen of Ethiopia, but was already a eunuch at the time of conversion (Acts 8:27–39).

Non-castrated eunuchs [ edit ]
The term eunuch has sometimes figuratively been used for a wide range of men who were seen to be physically unable to procreate. Hippocrates describes the Scythians as being afflicted with high rates of erectile dysfunction and thus “the most eunuchoid of all nations” (Airs Waters Places 22). In the Charlton T. Lewis, Charles Short, A Latin Dictionary, the term literally used for impotent males is spado but may also be used for eunuchs.

Some men have falsified the status of their castration to gain entrance into the palace. Chinese eunuch Lao Ai for instance, became the lover of the mother of Qin Shi Huang, who bore him two sons, before Lao Ai and his sons were executed after participating in a rebellion against Qin Shi Huang.[102]
Castrato singers [ edit ]
Eunuchs castrated before puberty were also valued and trained in several cultures for their exceptional voices, which retained a childlike and other-worldly flexibility and treble pitch (a high-pitched voice). Such eunuchs were known as castrati.

As women were sometimes forbidden to sing in Church, their place was taken by castrati. Castrati became very popular in 18th century opera seria. The practice, known as castratism, remained popular until the 18th century and was known into the 19th century. The last famous Italian castrato, Giovanni Velluti, died in 1861. The sole existing sound recording of a castrato singer documents the voice of Alessandro Moreschi, the last eunuch in the Sistine Chapel choir, who died in 1922.

This Italian practice of castrating young males to maintain their soprano voices was ended by Pope Leo XIII (1878).[103]
In popular culture [ edit ]
Notable eunuchs [ edit ]
In chronological order.

First millennium BCE [ edit ]
First millennium CE [ edit ]
Second millennium CE [ edit ]
See also [ edit ]
References & bibliography [ edit ]
Citations [ edit ]
Further reading [ edit ]

Game of Thrones: Exactly What It Means to Be a Eunuch

After an episode of Game of Thrones featuring a Grey Worm love scene, a passionate speech from Varys, and Theon reverting back into Reek mode, eunuchs are having a moment in Westeros. But if you’re wondering what “eunuch” means, you’re definitely not alone.

The term isn’t often used in modern Western culture, but it does come with a certain amount of historical weight. Eunuch is a word used for someone who has been castrated, and it’s applied to both people who have been partially castrated or fully. It’s rare for a person to choose to become a eunuch, although it’s not unheard of. Boys were generally cut before puberty, but the procedure can happen at any age, as Game of Thrones has shown. Historically, young boys were turned into eunuchs for religious reasons, to serve as soldiers and strategists (like the Unsullied), to guard harems, or for darker purposes, such as sex slavery. In some cultures, eunuchs are revered and considered “clean.”

In the world of Game of Thrones, Varys is the most prominent eunuch in the series. He reveals to Tyrion in season three that he’s fully castrated, meaning not only were his testicles removed, but so was his penis. Horrifically, he remains aware throughout the procedure, which is done by a sorcerer when he’s just a boy. Like many real-life boys who become eunuchs, Varys is sold to a person who wants to use his body. Although he doesn’t refer to himself as a slave — he simply says he was traveling with a troupe of actors — he does tell Tyrion his master is the one who sells him to the sorcerer. This horrible experience leads Varys to use thievery and blackmail to climb through society until he reaches a position where he can influence who sits on the Iron Throne.

While Varys is cut in service of some twisted spell, the Unsullied are born slaves with no purpose other than to fight. Most are born into the practice, but any slave boy can be cut before the age of 5. This prevents them from going through puberty and dampens any sexual urges they may have by lowering their testosterone levels. In theory, it also makes them less bloodthirsty and more rational on the battlefield. The Unsullied are put through rigorous training to prevent them from showing emotion or displaying any sense of individuality. Many of the young boys do not survive the process, which in the mind of those who purchase the soldiers means they’re getting the best of the best.

However, it’s not their lack of sex organs that make the Unsullied lose touch with their emotions; it’s the brutality they are subjected to from childhood onward. As Grey Worm’s love for Missandei illustrates, being a eunuch does not mean a man is asexual. Not much is known about the sex lives of eunuchs, but they can have them, and they can certainly experience emotions as strongly as anyone else.

The show’s final prominent eunuch character is Theon Greyjoy, who is castrated by Ramsay Bolton in season three. Theon’s late-in-life castration, as well as the extensive torture Ramsay puts him through, leaves him broken and suffering from post-traumatic stress disorder. His PTSD is so severe it causes him to leave his sister, Yara, in his Uncle Euron’s grip during a raid on their fleet.

As you can see from Varys, Grey Worm, and Theon, the most important thing to know about the term eunuch is that the only thing it tells you about the person it’s used to describe is that they have been castrated. Game of Thrones is delving deep into the psyches of these three very different men, and although they share a past trauma, they all take different approaches to life and sexuality. Being a eunuch doesn’t define their stories — it’s simply a part of them.

How Do the Unsullied Pee on ‘Game of Thrones’? Eunuch Experts Weigh In

Winter is finally here on season eight of Game of Thrones, and an army of 10,000 Unsullied soldiers stand in wait outside of Winterfell for the fight of their lives. They may be standing quite uncomfortably, it seems, because they have no dick and balls and it’s really unclear how they pee.

Sure, there are much more important questions to ask as we count down till the Game of Thrones series finale. For example: How will Jon Snow deal with the truth about his identity? What the heck is Cersei up to? Why are Game of Thrones memes so bad? Why are there still so many unnecessary sex scenes, even an army of the undead marches on our heroes? And is it okay to give up on Thrones in season eight?

But still, some fans can’t get past the most important question: How do castrated soldiers relieve themselves? Like, is pee just dripping down Grey Worm’s legs all the time? Won’t the pee, say, freeze him to the battlefield?

Well, wonder no more, Big Cat. I asked the experts.

And it’s complicated.

First, it’s important to note that the Unsullied have undergone something more than a simple castration: They didn’t just lose their balls; they lost their shafts, too. Here’s what is described in the wiki for A Song of Ice and Fire, the book series on which GoT is based:
[At 5 years old] the eunuchs are fully castrated, with their penis and testicles cut, and their manhoods are burned at the altar of the Lady of Spears. This means that they cannot be as strong as whole men, but this is more than made up for by discipline.

“This would be a penectomy,” Dr. Michael Ingber, a urologist in New Jersey, tells MEL. “The nerves and the tissue of the penis actually travel all the way up behind the inferior pubic rami (pubic bone). When we do cancer work, it’s a big surgery to remove all this tissue. However, in the Game of Thrones sense, this would be referred to as a partial penectomy.”

Ingber explains that today, in 2019 and in the non–Game of Thrones universe, doctors performing a penectomy “would convert the urethral opening, for example, where you pee from, to what’s called a ‘perineal urethrostomy.’” In other words, they make sure the patient is able to urinate while sitting. “It would be very difficult to urinate standing up after penectomy,” the doctor notes.

But since we’re talking about Game of Thrones, and an army of slaves for whom the highest levels of medical care were not quite taken into consideration, I turned to castration historian and emasculation expert Dr. Richard Wassersug.

Eunuch Armies: A Slice of History

First, Wassersug makes clear that such an army would never exist. “There are cases of eunuchs being in the military in certain societies like China and the Ottoman Empire, but they would never be field soldiers,” the professor tells MEL.

Why? “If they were castrated before puberty, they would never develop the muscle mass of full-grown males. If you need really forceful, strong men with swords on the fighting field, the eunuchs would not hit that role. So that does not make any sense for the show, from what I understand.”

Low key been trying to figure out how the unsullied pee for 6 seasons now 🧐 #GoT — haley (@haley_helena) March 12, 2019

Instead, Game of Thrones’ other notable eunuch, Lord Varys, might be a more historically accurate depiction. “If you needed people who could think before they started fighting, eunuchs could strategize, so they ended up being top advisers, ambassadors, generals, admirals and so on. There’s evidence that the Chinese had found their way to Africa before Columbus, and it was a eunuch admiral that had organized all that and ran it.”

What’s more, “you have eunuch generals in the early Roman empire as well,” Wassersug says, “so it was a different role than the TV show depicts.”

Historically, How Did Eunuchs Pee?

To fans like me, the world of Thrones is a vital escape from our current hellworld every Sunday night — and so our expectations for realism are exceptionally high for a show in which ancient priestesses with sexy bodies give birth to assassin spirits. To that end, we need to know how Grey Worm and his army are, ahem, relieving themselves in the frozen tundra outside Winterfell.

I just thought of this. How do the Unsullied pee? — Fuck This Show (@lolawatchesgot) May 30, 2016

Since Game of Thrones is loosely inspired by human history, we can look to our own past again to find out. “The last eunuchs that were produced as officials within structured societies and governments actually died about 100 years ago,” Wassersug explains, adding that it was primarily the Chinese dynasties and the Ottoman empire that featured “eunuchs as a formal social structure,” similar to how they’re presented in the show.

The Chinese and Ottoman empires both performed total penectomies, just like the Unsullied. “They would essentially slice off the male’s external genitalia,” Wassersug tells MEL.

And how did they avoid infection? Well, they didn’t. “Lots of people died. Before there was anesthetics and before sterile procedures, this was a brutal, brutal procedure back then, and we still look at it as brutal now,” Wassersug concludes. “There was nothing good about it. Orchiectomies [testicle removals] are done with great care now; penectomies are done with great care. And we still recognize it as serious surgery.”

Majority of the time that I’m watching Game of Thrones, I am just trying to figure out how the unsullied pee — Elizabeth Stark🐺 (@EArmstead11) April 9, 2019

So, for the Unsullied soldiers who do make it to adulthood, how would they pee? Well, there are three possible scenarios.

On one hand, Wassersug says, the people performing the penectomy might “add strictures in the urethra to help with peeing” — or the eunuchs might do it themselves. “Within the Ottoman Empire,” he explains, “enough of these people would have problems that they would use a quill, like the hallow quill of a bird feather, to self-catheterize themselves.” In essence, they would intermittently stick straws into their wounds to allow the bladder to empty through it.

An easier option? They would simply squat. If they didn’t have the means to self-catheterize, Wassersug says, “it wouldn’t be a particular problem. … Women don’t have external genitalia, and they still have the urethra and can still urinate.”

The “valves” we use to control urination are “deeper in,” he explains. “When men urinate, they can tweak their penis and feel it, but they’re actually tweaking muscles that are deeper in,” he says. “We may feel it in the penis, but the valves are higher up, just as they are in women.”

Serious question. If the unsullied have been castrated, how do they pee? How does anyone who’s been castrated pee? #GOT #GamesOfThrones #ineedanswers — Compromise for what? (@kelelemuhimu) April 10, 2019

So we can rule out the theory that the Unsullied are simply involuntarily “dripping out of their crotch hole,” as Big Cat put it. However, this is where things get tricky.

In some cultures, Wassersug explains, squatting to pee might’ve been frowned upon. In a weird twist of masculinity in the absence of literal masculinity, some eunuchs opted to let urine run down their legs while standing, “depending on how much it mattered to them whether they squatted was appropriate in their particular culture.”

There is some evidence that this might be the case for Varys. In the books, he’s consistently described as covering himself in perfume so as to cover up some scent, and readers have theorized that stench would be urine.

However, the same level of detail isn’t offered the Unsullied. If we can glean anything from Grey Worm, it’s that the Unsullied see themselves as less than human — even when they’ve been granted freedom by Dany.

Chances are, if they weren’t given a human name, they weren’t allotted the luxury of some type of self-catheterization tool. And unless they’re allowed to go squat behind a tree — which would require some shred of dignity not likely afforded in their otherwise subhuman, supersoldier culture — I’m guessing Big Cat is half-right. Grey Worm and his squadron are simply letting the urine run down their legs as they wait for battle.

Hopefully, when the Night King comes, they’re not frozen to the ground.

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