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Cucumbers Bushel 48 – 50 lbs.To facilitate the trading of grain, the USDA created weight standards for each grain so that grain could be weighed to determine the number of bushels rather than trying to make volume measurements. Corn was assigned a bushel weight of 56 pounds, while soybeans and wheat were assigned bushel weights of 60 pounds.1½ to 2 pounds fresh is equal to 1 quart canned dills (4-inch average). 1 bushel (48 pounds) is equal to 16 to 24 quarts (average 2 pounds per quart). 14 pounds fresh is equal to a canner load of 7 quarts. 9 pounds fresh is equal to a canner load of 9 pints.

Vegetables Retail Units and Weights
Commodity Retail Unit (volume) Net Weight (pounds)
Cucumbers bushel peck 48 to 50 12 to 13
Eggplant bushel 33 to 35
Greens bushel 18 to 20
Okra bushel 26
Weights and Approximate Processed Yields for Fruits
Table 2.
Product Retail Volume Net Weight (lbs)
Grapes (with stems) 2-qt. basket 2 1/2 to 3
Peaches bushel 48 to 52
1/2 bushel bag 24

How many lbs is a bushel of cucumbers?

Cucumbers Bushel 48 – 50 lbs.

How much is a bushel in lbs?

To facilitate the trading of grain, the USDA created weight standards for each grain so that grain could be weighed to determine the number of bushels rather than trying to make volume measurements. Corn was assigned a bushel weight of 56 pounds, while soybeans and wheat were assigned bushel weights of 60 pounds.

How many quarts is a half bushel of cucumbers?

1½ to 2 pounds fresh is equal to 1 quart canned dills (4-inch average). 1 bushel (48 pounds) is equal to 16 to 24 quarts (average 2 pounds per quart). 14 pounds fresh is equal to a canner load of 7 quarts. 9 pounds fresh is equal to a canner load of 9 pints.

How many pounds are in a half bushel?

Weights and Approximate Processed Yields for Fruits
Table 2.
Product Retail Volume Net Weight (lbs)
Grapes (with stems) 2-qt. basket 2 1/2 to 3
Peaches bushel 48 to 52
1/2 bushel bag 24

How many cucumbers are in a pound?

One pound of cucumbers is two medium cucumbers about five to six inches long and just wide enough to wrap your hands around. The next time you need to pick up a pound of cucumbers, you know to just grab two medium-sized pieces.

What size is a bushel basket?

The containers are double banded for increased durability and measure 18″ x 12″ (Diameter x Height). These containers are 1 full bushel in size.

Product Specifications.
Stock No. 72754
Shape Round
Diameter 18″
Height 12″ in
Volume Capacity 1.0 Bushel

How many pounds are in a bushel of tomatoes?

A bushel of tomatoes, for example, is supposed to weigh 56 pounds, as is a bushel of shelled corn.

How do you convert lbs to bushels?

The number of pounds in a bushel vary by grain. I.e. there are 60 lbs in 1 bushel of wheat but only 56 lbs equal 1 of corn. Hundredweight (CWT) – A unit of weight equal to 100 lbs or about 45.4 kilograms.

What is bushel weight?

Test weight, or bushel weight, is a measure of a grain’s density, which is expressed as the weight of the grain packed in a specified volume. A grain’s test weight is commonly expressed as kilograms per hectolitre (kg/hL) or pounds per bushel (lb/bu).

Why do you soak cucumbers in salt water?

Saltwater Brine: This method, also known as saltwater soaking, is used to pull out excess water from cucumbers before pickling, which will help prevent soggy pickles.

How long does it take to turn a cucumber into a pickle?

Cucumbers can be fermented in a crock to produce genuine dill pickles. Fermenting genuine dill pickles takes 3 to 4 weeks at 70°F. The fermentation process allows bacteria to produce lactic acid, which preserves the cucumbers and produces the characteristic color and texture of genuine dills.

Do you have to use pickling cucumbers to make pickles?

Pretty much any type of cucumber can be used for pickling, but true “pickling” cucumbers are different than heirlooms, slicers, or Japanese cukes.

How many dozen are in a bushel?

Approximately 5 to 7 Dozen in a Bushel.

How much is a bushel?

Volume
1 imperial bushel = 8 imperial gallons
1 US bushel = 8 US dry gallons
= 4 US pecks
= 2150.42 cubic inches
= 1.24446 cubic feet

How big is half a bushel?

The half bushel size is equivalent to about four gallons of bulk dry goods and measures 12 1/2-inches x 14-inches x 9 5/8-inches on the inside offering plenty of space for your materials.

How much is a bushel?

Volume
1 imperial bushel = 8 imperial gallons
1 US bushel = 8 US dry gallons
= 4 US pecks
= 2150.42 cubic inches
= 1.24446 cubic feet

How many pounds are in a bushel of tomatoes?

A bushel of tomatoes, for example, is supposed to weigh 56 pounds, as is a bushel of shelled corn.

How much is a peck of pickles?

How many pickles are in a peck, you ask? 1 US peck is actually equal to about 2 gallons!

How much is a half bushel?

a unit of dry measure equal to 2 pecks (17.6 liters).


How to Convert Bushels of Wheat to Tonnes : Conversions Other Math Tips
How to Convert Bushels of Wheat to Tonnes : Conversions Other Math Tips


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Weights and Approximate Processed Yields for Fruits

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Volumes and Conversions

Acknowledgments and Selected References

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Farmers’ Market Directory

Farmers’ Market Weights & Measures Division Resources

Find information about how the Weights & Measures Division can help your market in the areas of: insurance of equity in the marketplace, accurate and honest commercial trade based on measurements, fair marketplace exchanges, demand accurate devices, approved and non-approved scales, egg licensing, packaging and labeling and methods of sale.

Egg Requirements for Farmers’ Markets

Requirements for Farmer’s Markets

Vegetables Retail Units and Weights

Bushels, Test Weights, and Calculations

The objective of this fact sheet is to explain how and why grain test weight is used in the grain market, and how producers can ensure acceptable test weights from their crop production program.

Bushel is a volume measurement for grain created many years ago by Celtic peoples (Scotland, Wales, Brittany, Ireland) to facilitate fair grain trade. The bushel measurement was not defined in terms of cubic feet, but is currently considered to be about 1.25 cubic feet in volume. Although grain is referred to in terms of bushels in the United States, it is referenced and traded on the basis of weight (tons or metric tons) throughout the rest of the world. To facilitate the trading of grain, the USDA created weight standards for each grain so that grain could be weighed to determine the number of bushels rather than trying to make volume measurements. Corn was assigned a bushel weight of 56 pounds, while soybeans and wheat were assigned bushel weights of 60 pounds. Some other examples are: Rye at 56 pounds per bushel, barley at 48, oat and fescue at 32, etc.

The test weight concept was developed many years ago by the grain trade as a means of accounting for the varying densities of grain caused by weather and/or production practices. When grain density is lower than the accepted standard (low test weight), more volume is needed to store and transport a given weight of grain, thus increasing storage and transport costs. Different grades of each grain have different standard test weights. For example, No. 2 yellow corn has a standard of 56 pounds per bushel while No. 3 yellow corn has a lower weight.

Test weight is determined on each load of grain sold by weighing a known volume of the grain. If the weight is lower than the acceptable range, the sale is “docked” on a percentage basis. The seller of grain with test weight greater than the acceptable range is usually not rewarded for a superior product. The test weight is also used in quality standards for small grains like soft red winter wheat, barley, and oats, but soybean grades are not impacted by test weight. Other factors, such as cracked kernels, foreign materials, splits, and heat damaged kernels also contribute to grading standards. The details of how test weight differs between grades for corn and more common small grains can be seen in Table 1.

Table 1. USDA Test Weight Grade Requirements for Shelled Corn, Soft Red Winter Wheat, Barley, and Oats. U.S. Grade Minimum Test Weight (lb/Bushel) No. Shelled Corn (lb) Soft Red Winter Wheat (lb) Six-Rowed Malting Barley (lb) Two-Rowed Malting Barley (lb) Oats (lb) 1 56 60 47 50 36 2 54 58 45 48 33 3 52 56 43 48 30 4 49 54 43 48 27 5* 46 51 — — — *Only four U.S. grades for malting barley and oats are defined.

Varieties of a crop often vary in their inherent test weight. Two common causes of low test weights are:

Grain is prevented from filling completely and/or maturing and drying naturally in the field due to a killing frost, hail, or insect damage. When this happens, the starch molecules inside the grain are prevented from the natural process of shedding absorbed water molecules that allow the grain to shrink to a normal size. Artificial drying with heat removes this excess water but the starch molecules do not shrink and grain size doesn’t change appreciably, so test weight (density) remains low. Grain matures and dries naturally in the field but is sometimes rewetted by rainfall, dew, or fog causing the grain to initiate the germination process (precocious germination) before harvesting. During germination, oil, starch, and protein are digested to provide energy and molecules to produce a new seedling. This process leaves small voids inside the grain. Although the grain may again dry in the field, the seed size does not change and the small voids inside the seed result in a decreased test weight. Maximum test weight is achieved when grain is harvested on the first dry-down and also at higher moisture. For example, the ideal harvest moisture for soybeans and corn is 16-19 percent moisture and 20-25 percent moisture respectively.

Grain is seldom sold at the standard moisture content (soybean—13 percent, corn—15.5 percent). When grain moisture content is greater than the standard, the grain weight is discounted to account for the extra moisture according to the formula: (100% – wet%) divided by (100% – dry%). For a sample of soybeans at 18 percent moisture, the calculation would be: (100 – 18) divided by (100 – 13) = 82/87 = 0.94.

Multiplying the weight of the wet grain by 0.94 will give the weight of the grain at 13 percent moisture. For example: 6000 pounds of soybeans at 18 percent grain moisture would become 5640 pounds of grain at 13 percent moisture (6000 X 0.94 = 5640).

While the 56 pound per bushel test weight for corn is based on a moisture content of 15.5 percent moisture, some grain purchasers will use a moisture value of 15 percent and retain the 56 pounds per bushel value for calculation. If grain is dryer than the standard, that same equation can be used to calculate the increased weight that should be credited to the seller, although that calculation is seldom made and the seller is not usually rewarded for the low moisture content. This calculation works for any grade of any grain for which a standard moisture content is specified.

Original author: Dr. Jim Beuerlein, Retired, Extension Agronomist. (Originally published in 2000.)

Weights and Processed Yields of Fruits and Vegetables

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This information prepared by former Extension horticulturists S.C. Myers and Paul Colditz. Released by Darbie Granberry and Terry Kelley, Extension horticulturists. Reviewed by Bob Westerfield, Extension horticulturist.

Retail or direct marketing at farmer’s markets, roadside markets, stands and pick-your-own farms is an important and growing method of marketing fresh fruits and vegetables in Georgia. However, many of the containers used in the wholesale trade are not practical for direct marketing to consumers who desire fruits and vegetables in small quantities. The retail marketer has the option of selling his product in small volume containers or by count when scales are unavailable.

Containers available for retail marketing come in a wide range of sizes and materials. Some of the more common retail containers are presented in Table 1.

Common Retail Containers

Table 1. Common Name Material Common size(s) Baskets wood 1/4, 1/2 and peck; 1/2 and 1 bushel Boxes, Cartons and Hampers corrugated paper, often waved, or wood from 1/2 peck to 1 bushel Bags paper and polyethylene, often with handles 1/4 peck to 1/2 bushel Kraft paper bags Grocery bag – 2/3 bushel

No. 20 bag – 8 quarts

No. 10 bag – 7 quarts

No. 8 bag – 4 quarts

No. 2 bag – 1 quart Trays corrugated paper 6 to 8 quarts (10 to 15 pounds) Fruit and Vegetable Baskets corrugated paper with handles 2 to 8 quarts Fruit Tills or Cups pulp, cardboard, plastic, corrugated paper or wood 1/2 pint to 4 quarts

Under specific fruit and vegetable crops, retail containers are compared with the more common containers (bushels, lugs, etc.) that are used in the wholesale trade (tables 2 and 3). In addition, weights and approximate yields for canning and freezing of fruits and vegetables in some of the common retail containers are presented for use in retail marketing. Because processed yields can vary so much based on size of produce and processing method, consider the indicated yields to be approximate values.

Weights and Approximate Processed Yields for Fruits

Table 2. Product Retail Volume Net Weight (lbs) Processed yield Apples bushel (bu) 42 to 48 1 bushel = 15 to 18 qt. canned applesauce 1/2 bushel bag 24 1 bushel = 30 to 36 qt. frozen applesauce

1 bushel = 10 to 12 qt. juice peck 10 to 14 1 peck (32 med. apples) = 4 qt. canned

1 1/4 to 1 1/2 lb. fresh = 1 pt. frozen

2 to 3 lb. fresh = 1 qt. canned

1 cup pared, sliced = 1/4 lb. Blackberries 6-qt. tray 10 to 12 1 1/2 to 3 lb. = 1 qt. canned gallon 5 to 6 quart 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 Blueberries 6-qt. tray 9 to 12 2 1/4 to 3 lb. = 1 qt. canned

1 pt. fresh = 1 pt. frozen

1 cup = 1/3 lb.

1 cup = 1/3 lb. gallon 6 to 8 quart 1 1/2 to 2 pint 3/4 to 1 Cherries lug 15 to 16 2 to 2 1/2 lb. = 1 qt. canned, unpitted

1 pt. = 1 pt. frozen, unpitted

1 cup = 1/3 lb. quart 1 1/2 to 1 3/4 pint 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 Grapes

(with stems) bushel 44 to 50 1 bu = 16 qt. of juice

1 cup (whole, stemmed) = 1/3 lb. lug 24 to 28 2-qt. basket 2 1/2 to 3 Peaches bushel 48 to 52 1 bu = 18 to 24 qt. canned

2 to 2 1/2 lb. = 1 qt. canned

1 to 1 1/2 lb. = 1 pt. frozen

1 cup = 2/5 lb. 1/2 bushel bag 24 lug 19 to 22 peck 12 to 14 Pears bushel 48 to 50 1 bu = 20 to 25 qt. canned

2 to 2 1/3 lb. = 1 qt. canned

1 to 1 1/2 lb. = 1 pt. frozen

1 cup pared, sliced = 2/5 lb. lug 21 to 24 peck 12 to 14 Plums bushel 50 to 56 1 bu = 24 to 30 qt. canned

2 to 2 1/2 lb. = 1 qt. canned

1 cup halves = 1/3 lb. peck 13 to 15 Raspberries 6 – qt. tray 8 to 10 1 cup = 1/3 lb. 3 – qt. tray 4 quart 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 pint 3/4 Strawberries quart 1 1/4 to 1 1/2 1 lb. = 1 pt. frozen 4-qt. basket 6 6-qt. basket 10 to 12 8-qt. basket 12 to 15 8-qt. flat 12 24-qt. crate 36

Weights and Approximate Processed Yields for Vegetables

Table 3. Product Retail Volume Net Weight* (lbs) Processed Yield Comments Asparagus bushel (bu) 24 1 to 1 1/2 lb. = 1 pt. frozen

3 to 4 lb. = 1 qt. canned often sold in bunches weighing 1 1/2 to 2 lb. each pyramid crate 32 Beans, Lima bushel 30 1 bu = 12 to 16 pt. frozen

3 to 5 lb. = 1 qt. canned peck 8 to 9 Beans, Snap bushel 28 to 30 1 bu = 30 to 45 pt. frozen

1 1/2 to 2 1/2 lb. = 1 qt. canned

1 bu = about 15-16 qt. canned peck 8 Beets bushel, topped 52 1 bu = 35 to 42 pt. frozen

2 to 3 1/2 lb. = 1 qt. canned often sold in 2 lb. bunches with leaves Broccoli bushel 23 to 25 1 bu = 10 to 12 qt. canned

1 lb. = 1 pt. frozen usually sold by the head or bunch weighing 1 to 1 1/2 lb. Brussels Sprouts carton, loose pack 25 1 qt. = 1 1/2 pt. frozen quart 1 1/2 Cabbage flat crate 53 to 60 3 lb. = 1 qt. canned sauerkraut

1 lb. = 2 cups cooked

1 lb. = 4 cups shredded often sold by the head, varying in size with variety and tightness of head, usually 2 to 6 lb. carton 53 Carrots bushel, topped 50 1 bu = 32 to 40 pt. frozen

2 to 3 lb. = 1 qt. canned often sold in 1 lb. bunch with tops carton packed 2 dozen bunches of 1 lb. each 23 to 27 Cauliflower carton of 12 to 16 trimmed 18 to 24 2 med. heads = 3 pt. frozen, or 1 1/2 qt. canned usually sold as 1 to 1 1/2 lb. heads Collards Sold by doz. bunches, 3 plants per bunch from N. Ga., 5-7 plants S. Ga. from direct seeded crop 3/4 – 1 lb. = 1 pt. markets desire bunches to weigh 4 lb. Corn, Sweet bushel 35 60 ears = 14 to 17 pt. frozen

1 doz. ears = 1 to 1 1/2 qt. canned usually sold by doz. which weigh 6 to 8 lb. in husk wirebound crates 42 to 50 Cucumbers bushel 48 to 50 1 bu = 24 qt. of dill pickles sometimes sold by count peck 12 to 13 Eggplants bushel 33 to 35 sometimes sold by count Greens bushel 18 to 20 1 to 1 1/2 lb. = 1 pt. frozen mustard, spinach, and turnip often sold in 1 to 1 1/2 lb. Bunches or bag Kale bushel 18 1 bu = 6 to 9 qt. canned, 12 to 18 pt. frozen also sold in 1 to 1 1/2 lb. bunches Muskmelons bushel 48 usually sold by count; vary widely in size by variety, 3 to 6 lb. each Okra tall bushel hamper 26 to 30 1 bu = 17 qt. canned

34 to 40 pt. frozen 12 qt. basket 15 to 18 Onions dry, sack 50 bunch, green – 48 bunches 15 to 18 Peas, English

green (unshelled) bushel 28 to 30 1 bu = 12 to 15 pt. frozen

3 to 6 lb. = 1 qt. canned peck 7 to 8 Peas, Southern bushel hamper 25 3 1/2 – 4 = 1 qt. Peas, Edible Pod peck 8 to 10 quart 1 to 1 1/2 Peppers, Green Hot bushel 25 to 30 2/3 2/3 lb. = pt. frozen Green (often sold by count) large peppers, 80-85 per bu; small peppers, 110 per bu cartons 16 to 25 Potatoes, Irish

(mature) sack 100 1 bu = 20 qt. canned bushel 60 peck 15 Potatoes (new) No. 10 bag 10 Pumpkins pie pumpkins each 5 to 15 3 to 4 lb. = 1 qt. canned sold by count Jack o’lantern each 15 to 40 Radishes carton of 30 6 oz. film bags 12 also sold in bunches of 1/2 to 3/4 lb. Rhubarb bunch 2 to 2 1/2 1 lb. cooked = 3/4 cup Rutabaga bushel basket 56 1 lb. = 2 2/3 cups diced usually sold by count peck 15 Squash, Summer bushel 40 to 44 1 bu = 32 to 40 pt. frozen

2 to 4 lb. = 1 qt. canned zucchini, crookneck, Patty Pan, etc. 8 qt. basket 10 Squash, Winter small each 1 to 4 3 lb. = 2 pt. frozen

2 1/2 to 3 lb. = 1 qt. canned usually sold by count and may be graded by size such as Acorn, Butternut, Buttercup intermediate each 6 to 12 such as Delicious, Golden Hubbard, Banana large each 15 to 40 such as Blue Hubbard, Jumbo Banana Sweet Potatoes bushel (cured) 50 2/3 lb. = 1 pt. frozen

2 to 3 lb. = 1 qt. canned peck 12 to 13 Tomatoes bushel 53 2 1/2 to 3 1/2 lb. = 1 qt. canned

1 bu = 15 to 20 qt. canned paperboard box 25 8 qt. or peck basket 12 to 15 Turnips

(without tops) mesh bag or bushel 50 to 56 1 lb. = 2 2/3 cups diced wash – tie 6-8 turnips per bunch – roots to be 2-3″ in diameter peck 12 to 15 turnips bunched with tops. Sold by dozen in paperboard box. 18 dozen Watermelons paperboard box 4 melons usually sold by count *Net weight per container may vary slightly due to variation in product size. Net weight should not be less than the least stated weight listed.

Volumes and Conversions

Bushel 8 gallons (dry)

32 quarts (dry)

64 pints (dry)

4 pecks

2,150 cubic inches Peck 1/4 bushel

8 quarts (dry)

538 cubic inches Lug shallow containers, usually wood, that come in any size Gallon 4 quarts

231 cubic inches Quart 32 fluid ounces

58 cubic inches Kilo (or kilogram) 2.205 pounds Liter 1.057 quarts (liquid)

Acknowledgments and Selected References

The authors wish to acknowledge the following sources and references, certain tables from which were adapted for use in this publication.

Conversion Factors and Weights and Measures for Agricultural Commodities and Their Products. Production and Marketing Administration, USDA, 96p.

Magoon, C.E. Container Net Weights. United Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Association, Alexandria VA. 1976.

Sabota, C.M. and J.W. Courter. Net Weights and Processed Yields of Fruits and Vegetables in Common Retail Units. Cooperative Extension Service, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign.

Status and Revision History

Published on Aug 01, 1999

Unpublished/Removed on Feb 24, 2009

Published on Mar 12, 2010

Published with Full Review on Jan 04, 2014

Published with Full Review on Aug 01, 2017

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