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Is it 60 feet or 60 foot?
When we use a measurement as an adjective, we use the singular. The duck is 60 feet tall. It is a 60 foot tall duck. This sub is six inches long.
What is 1 ft long?
…
Foot (unit)
foot | |
---|---|
1 ft in … | … is equal to … |
Imperial/US units | 13 yd 12 in |
Metric (SI) units | 0.3048 m 30.48 cm 304.8 mm |
What is the abbreviation for foot?
The foot (plural foot or feet; symbol or abbreviation: ft or the single prime ′ ) is a unit of length in the Imperial and U.S. customary systems of measurement. It is equal to 12 inches or one third of a yard.
How many feet is in a step?
An average person has a stride length of approximately 2.1 to 2.5 feet. That means that it takes over 2,000 steps to walk one mile and 10,000 steps would be almost 5 miles. A sedentary person may only average 1,000 to 3,000 steps a day. For these people adding steps has many health benefits.
How long is a human foot?
The average length of left and right feet was 25.88 ± 1.96 cm (median 26.1 cm) and 25.83 ± 1.95 cm (median 26.2 cm), respectively. Table 1 shows the averages of the mentioned variables in both sexes. The mean width of the foot was also 7.84 ± 5.74 cm (median 7.30 cm). Table 1: The average of variables according to sex.
How long is a foot exactly?
When we have 12 inches together, it is known as a foot. A long time ago, people used their feet to measure things. But everyone has different sized feet so it did not work very well. Using 12 inches put together to make one foot lets everyone have an accurate picture of what exactly a “foot” of length is.
How long is a ruler?
12 in or 30 cm in length is useful for a ruler to be kept on a desk to help in drawing. Shorter rulers are convenient for keeping in a pocket. Longer rulers, e.g., 18 in (46 cm), are necessary in some cases. Rigid wooden or plastic yardsticks, 1 yard long, and meter sticks, 1 meter long, are also used.
Is it 1 feet or 1 foot?
Whilst foot refers to the single unit of measurement, ‘feet’ is its plural alternative. In this sense, the difference between foot and feet in Maths depends on how large the distance or length is that you are measuring.
What is short for Father?
Fr. is merely an abbreviation for Father. Example, Fr. Tom Smith is just a short version for Father Tom Smith.
Is it 12 inches or feet?
One foot is equal to 12 inches. A foot (abbreviation ”ft”) is a unit of length in the United States customary and imperial measurement systems. The international agreement defined both units as equivalent to 12 inches, and in both systems, a foot is equal to 12 inches, and a yard is made up of 3ft.
What is something that is one foot?
Things around your house that measure 1 foot or 12 inches.
The length (longest side) of the Samsung Galaxy Note 4 is approximately 6 inches. Therefore, the length of two Samsung Galaxy Note 4s is approximately 12 inches. The length of an adult’s forearm from the elbow to the wrist is approximately 12 inches.
Is a foot a foot long?
…
Foot (unit)
foot | |
---|---|
Unit system | imperial/US units |
Unit of | length |
Symbol | ft |
Conversions |
Which is longer meters or FT?
A meter is equal to approximately 3.28084 feet.
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A standard sedan is usually between 14-15 feet long. This means that four cars lined up end to end are very close to 60 feet. This measurement … … - Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for 403 Forbidden
A standard sedan is usually between 14-15 feet long. This means that four cars lined up end to end are very close to 60 feet. This measurement … - Table of Contents:
60 foot tall OR 60 feet tall | UsingEnglish.com ESL Forum
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a. 60 feet
b. 60 feet tall
c. 60 foot tall
d. tall 60 feetThis test came from…
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Foot (unit) – Wikipedia
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Contents
Historical origin[edit]
Definition[edit]
Historical use[edit]
Present day uses[edit]
Dimension[edit]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
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Foot (unit) – Knowino
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13 Things That Are About 60 Feet (ft) Long – www.dimensionofstuff.com
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- Summary of article content: Articles about 13 Things That Are About 60 Feet (ft) Long – www.dimensionofstuff.com Before we get started, it’s good to know that 60 feet is equivalent to 18 meters. 1. Sperm Whale. They are the largest toothed whales in the … …
- Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for 13 Things That Are About 60 Feet (ft) Long – www.dimensionofstuff.com Before we get started, it’s good to know that 60 feet is equivalent to 18 meters. 1. Sperm Whale. They are the largest toothed whales in the …
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1 Sperm Whale
2 Extension cord
3 Fishing Boat
4 Garden hose
5 Dog tie out
6 Megalodon Shark
7 Giant Oarfish
8 Semi-truck
9 Shipping containers
10 Neoplan Jumbocruiser bus
11 Bowling Lane
12 Cricket pitch
13 Kabaddi pitch
60 feet | The Measure of Things
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- Summary of article content: Articles about 60 feet | The Measure of Things It’s about nine-tenths as long as a Cricket Pitch. The length of a Cricket Pitch is about 66 feet. (per Marylebone Cricket Council / International Cricket … …
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Error 403 (Forbidden)
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60 ft to m – How long is 60 feet in meters? [CONVERT] â
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Conversion
Conversion formula
How to convert 60 feet to meters
Conversion in the opposite direction
Approximation
Units involved
Footnotes
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Examples Of Things That Are 60 Feet Long
Even if you have a good grasp of how long a foot is and what that measurement looks like compared to an object, it can be difficult to get a feel for much longer lengths.
Sixty feet isn’t an uncommon measurement, but it’s so big that it’s hard to judge just how long or tall that really is.
Comparing 60 feet to some well-known things can help.
A Bowling Lane
A bowling lane, which is measured from the foul line at the start of the lane to the first bowling pin in the formation, is exactly 60 feet long.
If you’ve ever been bowling and you can picture how long the lane is, you can easily visualize and estimate what 60 feet looks like.
Four Cars
A standard sedan is usually between 14-15 feet long. This means that four cars lined up end to end are very close to 60 feet.
This measurement will vary depending on the make and model of each car, but in general, if you can picture four cars, such as seeing four cars stopped at a red light or parked on a street, you can visualize 60 feet in length.
Home Plate to the Pitcher’s Mound
A baseball diamond is quite large, with the distance from each base equaling 90 feet.
However, the distance from home plate to the pitcher’s mound is exactly 60.5 feet.
Visualizing a baseball diamond, and knowing how far a pitcher must throw a baseball, can help you visualize 60 feet.
The distance from one base to the next can also help you estimate 60 feet, as 60 feet is 2/3 of this length.
A Semi-Truck and Trailer
Commercial truck trailers and the semi-truck cab can vary a bit in overall length.
This is especially true of the cab, which can be a different length depending on what type of truck it is and when it was made.
However, in general, a trailer and the truck cab usually equal just over 60 feet in length.
Most trailers are between 48 and 53 feet in length.
Cabs can be up to 20 feet in length alone, but the trailer will overlap a bit, bringing the number closer to 60 feet.
Trucks that have sleeper compartments are usually much longer than day cab truck styles.
Although these truck and trailer combinations are a bit longer than 60 feet, visualizing one can still help you make a good estimate of 60 feet.
If the trailers are shorter double trailers, each trailer is usually 28 feet long.
This means that the twin trailers alone are very close to 60 feet in length.
A Five or Six Story Building
A single story of a building is usually between 9 and 11 feet tall.
First floors in tall buildings are often a bit taller than that.
This means that a five or six-story building will be just under or just over 60 feet in height.
Three or Four Giraffes
Giraffes are the tallest land animals, thanks to their very long necks.
Female giraffes can grow to 15 feet tall, so four giraffes would equal right around 60 feet. Male giraffes can grow to be 18 feet, so three male giraffes would be just less than 60 feet.
Each animal will, of course, grow to a slightly different height depending on genetics and the food available.
Ten People
On average, most adult people are about 5 feet and 10 inches tall.
This means that if 10 people lined up head to feet, they would most likely be just under 60 feet in length.
Exactly how tall any single person is, however, will vary depending on age, race, and where the person is from.
Women are also usually slightly shorter than men.
Two Whale Sharks
Whale sharks are some of the most well-known ocean creatures thanks to their spotted coloration, giant size, and peaceful nature.
These creatures, which are simply very large fish, can grow up to 33 feet long.
This means that two whale sharks, end to end, will be about 60 feet long.
Great white sharks are also well-known, and they can grow to very large sizes as well.
A great white shark can grow to about 15 feet in length, which means that four great whites will equal about 60 feet in length.
Megalodon
Megalodons are a type of giant prehistoric shark that once roamed the world’s oceans.
These sharks often capture people’s imaginations because of how very large they were.
A megalodon could easily grow to 60 feet in length, and it would prey on other ocean animals, including smaller sharks.
Kites
Most kites used by children or other kite enthusiasts are quite small, only measuring a couple of feet in length.
However, large kites, often used for professional entertainment, can be very large.
These kites, which can measure up to 30 feet in length, often have long, trailing streamers that fly through the air. Two of these kites together are equal to about 60 feet.
Ten Refrigerators
A refrigerator already seems like quite a large object, but a standard refrigerator is only about 6 feet tall.
This means you would need to stack 10 refrigerators end to end to come up with a length of 60 feet.
However, if you can visualize a standard fridge, you can also visualize 1/10 of 60 feet, which can help you estimate the length.
Each fridge will be a slightly different height depending on brand and style.
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Foot (unit)
Customary unit of length
This article is about the unit of measure. For sizing of the human foot, see Shoe size . For other uses, see Foot (disambiguation)
foot Unit system Imperial/US units Unit of Length Symbol ft or ′ Conversions 1 ft in … … is equal to … Imperial/US units 1 / 3 yd
12 in Metric (SI) units 0.3048 m
30.48 cm
304.8 mm
The foot ( pl. feet), standard symbol: ft,[1][2] is a unit of length in the British imperial and United States customary systems of measurement. The prime symbol, ′, is a customarily used alternative symbol.[3] Since the International Yard and Pound Agreement of 1959, one foot is defined as 0.3048 meters exactly. In both customary and imperial units, one foot comprises 12 inches and one yard comprises three feet.
Historically the “foot” was a part of many local systems of units, including the Greek, Roman, Chinese, French, and English systems. It varied in length from country to country, from city to city, and sometimes from trade to trade. Its length was usually between 250 mm and 335 mm and was generally, but not always, subdivided into 12 inches or 16 digits.
The United States is the only industrialized nation that uses the international foot and the survey foot (a customary unit of length) in preference to the meter in its commercial, engineering, and standards activities.[4] The foot is legally recognized in the United Kingdom; road signs must use imperial units (however, distances on road signs are always marked in miles or yards, not feet), while its usage is widespread among the British public as a measurement of height.[5][6] The foot is recognized as an alternative expression of length in Canada[7] officially defined as a unit derived from the meter[8] although both the U.K. and Canada have partially metricated their units of measurement. The measurement of altitude in international aviation is one of the few areas where the foot is used outside the English-speaking world.
The length of the international foot corresponds to a human foot with shoe size of 13 (UK), 14 (US male), 15.5 (US female) or 48 (EU sizing).
Historical origin [ edit ]
Geometrei by Determination of the rod, using the length of the left foot of 16 randomly chosen people coming from church service. Woodcut published in the bookby Jakob Köbel (Frankfurt, c. 1535).
Historically, the human body has been used to provide the basis for units of length.[9] The foot of an adult Caucasian male is typically about 15.3% of his height,[10] giving a person of 175 cm (5 ft 9 in) a foot-length of about 268 mm (10.6 in), on average.
Archaeologists believe that, in the past, the people of Egypt, India, and Mesopotamia preferred the cubit, while the people of Rome, Greece, and China preferred the foot. Under the Harappan linear measures, Indus cities during the Bronze Age used a foot of 333.5 mm (13.2 in) and a cubit of 528.3 mm (20.8 in).[11] The Egyptian equivalent of the foot—a measure of four palms or 16 digits—was known as the djeser and has been reconstructed as about 30 cm (11.8 in).
The Greek foot (πούς, pous) had a length of 1/600 of a stadion,[12] one stadion being about 181.2 m (594 ft);[13] therefore a foot was, at the time, about 302 mm (11.9 in). Its exact size varied from city to city and could range between 270 mm (10.6 in) and 350 mm (13.8 in), but lengths used for temple construction appear to have been about 295 mm (11.6 in) to 325 mm (12.8 in); the former was close to the size of the Roman foot.
The standard Roman foot (pes) was normally about 295.7 mm (11.6 in) (97% of today’s measurement),[14] but, in the provinces, the so-called pes Drusianus (foot of Nero Claudius Drusus) was used, with a length of about 334 mm (13.1 in). (In reality, this foot predated Drusus.)[15]
Originally both the Greeks and the Romans subdivided the foot into 16 digits, but in later years, the Romans also subdivided the foot into 12 unciae (from which both the English words “inch” and “ounce” are derived).
After the fall of the Roman Empire, some Roman traditions were continued but others fell into disuse. In AD 790 Charlemagne attempted to reform the units of measure in his domains. His units of length were based on the toise and in particular the toise de l’Écritoire, the distance between the fingertips of the outstretched arms of a man.[16] The toise has 6 pieds (feet) each of 326.6 mm (12.9 in).
He was unsuccessful in introducing a standard unit of length throughout his realm: an analysis of the measurements of Charlieu Abbey shows that during the 9th century the Roman foot of 296.1 mm (11.66 in) was used; when it was rebuilt in the 10th century, a foot of about 320 mm (12.6 in)[Note 1] was used. At the same time, monastic buildings used the Carolingian foot of 340 mm (13.4 in).[Note 1][17]
The procedure for verification of the foot as described in the 16th century posthumously published work by Jacob Köbel in his book Geometrei. Von künstlichem Feldmessen und absehen is:[18][19]
Stand at the door of a church on a Sunday and bid 16 men to stop, tall ones and small ones, as they happen to pass out when the service is finished; then make them put their left feet one behind the other, and the length thus obtained shall be a right and lawful rood to measure and survey the land with, and the 16th part of it shall be the right and lawful foot.
England [ edit ]
The Neolithic long foot, first proposed by archeologists Mike Parker Pearson and Andrew Chamberlain, is based upon calculations from surveys of Phase 1 elements at Stonehenge. They found that the underlying diameters of the stone circles had been consistently laid out using multiples of a base unit amounting to 30 long feet, which they calculated to be 1.056 of a modern international foot (thus 12.672 inches or 0.3219 m). Furthermore, this unit is identifiable in the dimensions of some stone lintels at the site and in the diameter of the “southern circle” at nearby Durrington Walls. Evidence that this unit was in widespread use across southern Britain is available from the Folkton Drums from Yorkshire (neolithic artifacts, made from chalk, with circumferences that exactly divide as integers into ten long feet) and a similar object, the Lavant drum, excavated at Lavant, Sussex, again with a circumference divisible as a whole number into ten long feet.[20]
The measures of Iron Age Britain are uncertain and proposed reconstructions such as the Megalithic Yard are controversial. Later Welsh legend credited Dyfnwal Moelmud with the establishment of their units, including a foot of 9 inches. The Belgic or North German foot of 335 mm (13.2 in) was introduced to England either by the Belgic Celts during their invasions prior to the Romans or by the Anglo-Saxons in the 5th and 6th century.
Roman units were introduced following their invasion in AD 43. Following the Roman withdrawal and Saxon invasions, the Roman foot continued to be used in the construction crafts while the Belgic foot was used for land measurement. Both the Welsh and Belgic feet seem to have been based on multiples of the barleycorn, but by as early as 950 the English kings seem to have (ineffectually) ordered measures to be based upon an iron yardstick at Winchester and then London. Henry I was said to have ordered a new standard to be based upon the length of his own arm and, by the c. 1300 Act concerning the Composition of Yards and Perches[21] traditionally credited to Edward I or II, the statute foot was a different measure, exactly 10/11 of the old (Belgic) foot. The barleycorn, inch, ell, and yard were likewise shrunk, while rods and furlongs remained the same.[22] The ambiguity over the state of the mile was resolved by the 1593 Act against Converting of Great Houses into Several Tenements and for Restraint of Inmates and Inclosures in and near about the City of London and Westminster, which codified the statute mile as comprising 5,280 feet. The differences among the various physical standard yards around the world, revealed by increasingly powerful microscopes, eventually led to the 1959 adoption of the international foot defined in terms of the meter.
Definition [ edit ]
The international yard and pound agreement of July 1959 defined the length of the international yard in the United States and countries of the Commonwealth of Nations as exactly 0.9144 meters. Consequently, the international foot is defined to be equal to exactly 0.3048 meters. This was 2 ppm shorter than the previous U.S. definition and 1.7 ppm longer than the previous British definition.[23]
The 1959 agreement concluded a series of step-by-step events, set off in particular by the British Standards Institution’s adoption of a scientific standard inch of 25.4 millimetres in 1930.
Symbol [ edit ]
The IEEE standard symbol for a foot is “ft”.[1] In some cases, the foot is denoted by a prime, often approximated by an apostrophe, and the inch by a double prime; for example, 2 feet 4 inches is sometimes denoted as 2′ 4″.[3]
Imperial units [ edit ]
In Imperial units, the foot was defined as 1/3 yard, with the yard being realized as a physical standard (separate from the standard meter). The yard standards of the different Commonwealth countries were periodically compared with one another.[24] The value of the United Kingdom primary standard of the yard was determined in terms of the meter by the National Physical Laboratory in 1964 to be 0.9143969 m,[25] implying a pre-1959 UK foot of 0.3047990 m.
The UK adopted the international yard for all purposes through the Weights and Measures Act 1963, effective 1 January 1964.[26]
When the international foot was defined in 1959, a great deal of survey data was already available based on the former definitions, especially in the United States and in India. The small difference between the survey foot and the international foot would not be detectable on a survey of a small parcel, but becomes significant for mapping, or when the state plane coordinate system (SPCS) is used in the US, because the origin of the system may be hundreds of thousands of feet (hundreds of miles) from the point of interest. Hence the previous definitions continued to be used for surveying in the United States and India for many years, and are denoted survey feet to distinguish them from the international foot. The United Kingdom was unaffected by this problem, as the retriangulation of Great Britain (1936–62) had been done in meters.
In the United States, the foot was defined as 12 inches, with the inch being defined by the Mendenhall Order of 1893 as 39.37 inches = 1 m (making a US foot exactly 1200/3937 meters, approximately 0.30480061 m).[27][28] Out of 50 states and six other jurisdictions, 40 have legislated that surveying measures should be based on the U.S. survey foot, six have legislated that they be made on the basis of the international foot, and ten have not specified.[29]
State legislation is also important for determining the conversion factor to be used for everyday land surveying and real estate transactions, although the difference (two parts per million) is of no practical significance given the precision of normal surveying measurements over short distances (usually much less than a mile).
The National Institute of Standards and Technology, National Geodetic Survey, and the United States Department of Commerce are phasing out the US survey foot beginning in 2023.[30][31][27] However, its relevance may persist, as the Federal Register Notice says:[32]
“The date of December 31, 2022, was selected to accompany the modernization of the National Spatial Reference System (NSRS) by NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey (NGS). The reason for associating the deprecation of the U.S. survey foot with the modernization of the NSRS is that the biggest impact of the uniform adoption of the international foot will be for users of the NSRS, due to very large coordinate values currently given in U.S. survey feet in many areas of the U.S. Impacts related to the change to international feet will be minimized if a transition occurs concurrently with others changes in the NSRS.”
“The difference will have no effect on users of the existing NSRS (National Spatial Reference System), because NGS (NOAA’s National Geodetic Survey) will continue to support the U.S. survey foot for components of the NSRS where it is used now and in the past. In other words, to minimize disruption in the use of U.S. survey foot for existing NSRS coordinate systems, the change will apply only to the modernized NSRS.”
The Indian survey foot is defined as exactly 0.3047996 m,[33] presumably derived from a measurement of the previous Indian standard of the yard. The current National Topographic Database of the Survey of India is based on the metric WGS-84 datum,[34] which is also used by the Global Positioning System.
Historical use [ edit ]
Lehrbuch des gesammten Rechnens für die vierte Classe der Hauptschulen in den k.k. Staaten – 1848[35] (Combined mathematics textbook for the fourth form of senior schools in the Imperial & Royal states.) Page from Austrian– 1848(Combined mathematics textbook for the fourth form of senior schools in the Imperial & Royal states.)
An ISO 2848 measure of 3 basic modules (30 cm) is called a “metric foot”, but there were earlier distinct definitions of a metric foot during metrication in France and Germany.
France [ edit ]
In 1799 the meter became the official unit of length in France. This was not fully enforced, and in 1812 Napoleon introduced the system of mesures usuelles which restored the traditional French measurements in the retail trade, but redefined them in terms of metric units. The foot, or pied métrique, was defined as one third of a meter. This unit continued in use until 1837.[36]
Germany [ edit ]
In southwestern Germany in 1806, the Confederation of the Rhine was founded and three different reformed feet were defined, all of which were based on the metric system:[37]
In Hesse, the Fuß (foot) was redefined as 25 cm.
(foot) was redefined as 25 cm. In Baden, the Fuß was redefined as 30 cm.
was redefined as 30 cm. In the Palatinate, the Fuß was redefined as being 33 + 1 / 3 cm (as in France).
Other obsolete feet [ edit ]
Prior to the introduction of the metric system, many European cities and countries used the foot, but it varied considerably in length: the voet in Ypres, Belgium, was 273.8 millimeters (10.78 in) while the piede in Venice was 347.73 millimeters (13.690 in). Lists of conversion factors between the various units of measure were given in many European reference works including:
Many of these standards were peculiar to a particular city, especially in Germany (which, before German Unification in 1871, consisted of many kingdoms, principalities, free cities and so on). In many cases the length of the unit was not uniquely fixed: for example, the English foot was stated as 11 pouces 2.6 lignes (French inches and lines) by Picard, 11 pouces 3.11 lignes by Maskelyne and 11 pouces 3 lignes by D’Alembert.[45]
Most of the various feet in this list ceased to be used when the countries adopted the metric system. The Netherlands and modern Belgium adopted the metric system in 1817, having used the mesures usuelles under Napoleon[46] and the newly formed German Empire adopted the metric system in 1871.[47]
The palm (typically 200 mm to 280 mm) was used in many Mediterranean cities instead of the foot. Horace Doursther, whose reference was published[clarification needed] in Belgium which had the smallest foot measurements, grouped both units together, while J.F.G. Palaiseau devoted three chapters to units of length: one for linear measures (palms and feet), one for cloth measures (ells) and one for distances traveled (miles and leagues). In the table below, arbitrary cut-off points of 270 mm and 350 mm have been chosen.
(In Belgium, the words pied (French) and voet (Dutch) would have been used interchangeably.)
Notes [ edit ]
a b c d The source document used pre-metric French units (pied, pouce and lignes) ^ The original meter was computed using pre-metric French Units ^ The Norwegian fot was defined in 1824 as the length of a (theoretical) pendulum that would have a period of 12 / 38 seconds at 45° from the equator ^ Prior to 1835, the pé or foot was not used in Portugal – instead a palm was used. In 1835 the size of the palm was increased from 217.37 mm (according to Palaiseau) to 220 mm ^ The Scots foot ceased to be legal after the Act of Union in 1707
Present day uses [ edit ]
International ISO-standard and other intermodal shipping containers [ edit ]
International Standards Organisation (ISO)-defined intermodal containers for efficient global freight/cargo shipping, were defined using feet rather than meters for their leading outside (corner) dimensions. All ISO-standard containers to this day are eight feet wide, and their outer heights and lengths are also primarily defined in, or derived from feet.
Quantities of global shipping containers are still primarily counted in Twenty-foot Equivalent Units, or TEUs.
Aviation [ edit ]
Everyday global (civilian) air traffic / aviation continues to be controlled in flight levels (flying altitudes) separated by thousands of feet (although typically read out in hundreds – e.g. flight level 330 actually means 33,000 feet, or about 10 kilometres in altitude).
Dimension [ edit ]
In measurement, the term “linear foot” (sometimes incorrectly referred to as “lineal foot”) refers to the number of feet in a length of material (such as lumber or fabric) without regard to the width; it is used to distinguish from surface area in square foot.[57]
See also [ edit ]
Notes [ edit ]
a b The original reference was given in a round number of centimeters
Foot (unit)
From Knowino
The foot
in relation to other units 1 foot 12 inches 3 feet 1 yard 6 feet 1 fathom 66 feet 1 (surveyor’s) chain 660 feet 1 furlong 5280 feet 1 mile
The foot (plural foot or feet; symbol or abbreviation: ft or the single prime ′ ) is a unit of length in the Imperial and U.S. customary systems of measurement. It is equal to 12 inches or one third of a yard.
It is used primarily in the United States and, although it has been officially superseded by units of the metric system, it is still commonly used in the United Kingdom .
The human foot has been widely used as a unit of measurement throughout history. The natural foot (Latin pes naturalis), an ancient unit based directly on the length of human feet, was about 25 centimetres (cm) (about 10 inches) long.
This unit was replaced in early Middle Eastern civilizations by a longer foot, roughly the length of the modern unit, that was an exact multiple of other natural units: 1 foot = 3 hands = 4 palms = 12 inches (thumb widths) = 16 digits (finger widths). This unit was used in both Greece and Rome; the Greek foot is estimated at 30.8 cm (12.1 inches) and the Roman foot (pes) at 29.6 cm (11.7 inches). The latter was divided into 12 unciae (inches).
A manual foot (Latin pes manualis) of about 33.3 cm (13.1 inches) was more common in northern Europe. The manual foot was equal to two shaftments, each the width of the fist and outstretched thumb. A man could easily measure a shaft, rod or such like by hand, gripping it with both hands, thumbs extended and touching, and moving the grip hand over hand the whole length of the shaft.
In England, the Roman foot was replaced after the fall of Rome by the natural foot and the shaftment. The modern foot (of about 30.5 cm) did not appear until after the Norman Conquest of 1066. It may have been an innovation of Henry I. Later in the 1100s, a “standard” foot was inscribed on the base of a column of St. Paul’s Church in London. Many other countries have had units of similar lengths, each called by the local word for the human foot: German fuß, French pied, Hungarian láb, and so on.
The 1875 Convention du Mètre established three organizations to oversee the keeping of metric standards. The U.S. signed this treaty in 1876 and the UK in 1884; subsequently, the foot was officially defined in terms of the metre. In the U.S., Bulletin 26, “Fundamental Standards of Length and Mass”, of the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, approved for publication April 5, 1893, defined the foot as exactly 1200/3937 metre, or about 30.480 060 96 cm. This unit, now called the U.S. Survey Foot, or informally just the survey foot, is still used for geodetic surveying in the U.S. and in some legal documents.
In 1959, the U.S. National Bureau of Standards redefined the foot as exactly 30.48 cm (about 0.999 998 survey foot). This definition was also adopted in the UK by the Weights and Measures Act of 1963. Thus, the foot of 30.48 cm is now sometimes called the international foot.
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