Top 29 How To Remove An Arrow Top Answer Update

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Contents

Can you reshoot an arrow?

Yes, archery arrows are reusable. Before reusing your arrows, you should inspect them to make sure they are in good working order. If the arrow is damaged, you can usually fix them or salvage some of the parts to use in crafting a new arrow. Being able to reuse arrows helps make the sport more affordable.

Do you take an arrow out or leave it?

If the arrow remains in the victim, leave it there. The broadhead itself may provide the pressure needed to stop the bleeding from the wound and allow clotting to occur around it. Try to stabilize the arrow with adhesive tape or other material. Minimize movement of the shaft to avoid further injury from the broadhead.

How painful is an arrow?

In addition, arrow wounds are generally less painful and generate less fear and panic than a comparable bullet wound. This is important to remember because patience in the recovery process often means that an animal—if mortally wounded—will die relatively close to where it was hit if it isn’t spooked.

Do arrow wounds bleed?

In most cases, especially if the arrow remained lodged in the individual, injured vessels would rarely hemorrhage. Larger vessels were more susceptible to hemorrhage, and if they did, the injury was explored and the bleeding point addressed with a ligature.

Can bows be reused?

You wouldn’t think shiny curls of ribbon would strike fear into the heart of recycling plant managers, but they do. Please keep them out of the recycling bin. A bow can go through the entire system and be screened out by the pulping equipment.

Can you reuse arrow inserts?

Yes. You said, “Or you’ll cut into your inserts if you aren’t cutting enough length off, most inserts are longer then the one inch the OP needed cut off.” I said that you don’t need to cut all the way through or even into the insert.

Do deer feel pain when shot with an arrow?

Deer are mammals, so their nervous system resembles a human’s, Ross said. They likely have similar perceptions and reactions to ours, but the degree to which they feel pain is subjective, most researchers say.

Can arrows pierce bone?

You have a projectile traveling with enough force to punch it’s way through layers of metal, your bones aren’t going to fare well. Pulling out an arrow on your own is, in general, a very bad idea. Pushing it through is actually worse. This will cause more damage than simply pulling it back out.

When removing an arrow from the target it is important to?

When removing an arrow from the target, it is important to place one hand on the target above the arrow and the other around the arrow, with both hands touching. Doors must be signed and locked to reduce the likelihood that someone will come through the door, onto the range.

How do you remove an aluminum arrow insert?

Remove the arrow and insert from the water, then, using a pair of pliers on the insert, gently remove it. There will most likely be adhesive residue remaining on the insert. To remove this residue from an insert or point, hold it with a pair of pliers over a flame until the adhesive melts off or dissipates.

How do you replace an arrowhead?

On the Annotate tab, click Arrow Style. The list of arrow style appears.
Select the arrowhead style you want to apply, then click an arrowhead in the drawing.
Click OK in the confirmation box. The arrowhead styles are changed.

How do you cut Aluminium arrows?

Slowly let the string down while holding the arrow. Place the ruler on the arrow shaft and make a mark an inch from the rubber band toward the point end. This is the minimal arrow length mark. Place a bolt or wooden dowel inside of the arrow shaft and use the tubing cutter to shorten the shaft.

Can you dodge a arrow?

Considering that people catch arrows – 10 catches in 2 minutes, it is clearly possible to dodge arrows. Watch the video and you can see that dodging is definitely possible.

Can you survive an arrow to the stomach?

[48] As Bill states, “Arrow wounds of the abdomen are generally fatal. An arrow can scarcely pass through the abdomen and fail to open a vessel or wound an intestine.”[49] If the abdominal wall is breached the main threat is from a hemorrhage or an infection resulting from a punctured intestine.

Can you survive an arrow to the heart?

A 47-year-old Italian man survived being shot through the heart by an arrow on Tuesday. He was saved by an “exceptional” operation at the Milinette Hospital in Turin, Italy after the arrow pierced his heart’s left ventricle and a lung, ANSA reported.

What is a arrow puller?

Standard arrow pullers do several things at once. They give you a better grip on the arrow shaft, and they increase the effective diameter of the arrow shaft you are pulling for an easier hold and they protect the arrow from being bent by the grip of your fist by adding extra stiffening.

How to remove medieval arrows (and more about crescent heads)

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By Mark Jeffreys

Check Your Arrows

How Do Arrows Get Damaged

Fix Your Arrows

What About When Arrows Get Lost

The Archer’s Complete Guide to Reusing Arrows

I was at my local archery shop the other day, and I heard a customer asking one of the workers if he could reuse arrows. I talked to a buddy of mine about it, and he said that he had the same question when he got into archery.

So, are archery arrows reusable? Yes, archery arrows are reusable. Before reusing your arrows, you should inspect them to make sure they are in good working order. If the arrow is damaged, you can usually fix them or salvage some of the parts to use in crafting a new arrow.

Being able to reuse arrows helps make the sport more affordable. Can you imagine having to buy a new arrow every time you wanted to shoot? One archer I know claims he’s shot his arrows over 1,000 times. While I can’t confirm this from my own experience, you can generally get a lot of life out of your arrow.

If your arrow does get damaged, they are reasonably easy to repair. So how do you check your arrow to see if you need to repair or retire it?

Check Your Arrows

When you’re out shooting, you need to be checking your arrows every time to make sure that they aren’t damaged. Firing damaged arrows can cause problems such as the arrow not flying true or – in rare cases with carbon arrows – the arrow exploding. It only takes a few minutes to make sure your arrows are ready to go.

What to watch for

When you check your arrows, you need to check each part of the arrow for damage. Doing so will allow you to make sure that your arrows perform as expected. It doesn’t take too long to do a visual check before nocking your bow.

There are a few times when you should do a more thorough check:

If you think your bow may have hit another arrow

If you missed your target

If your arrow passes through the target

If your arrows don’t fly as you expect it too

If you take an animal with the arrow

So, what should you look for when you inspect your arrows? You should examine each part to make sure that it is not damaged.

There’s a Problem with the Flight of Your Arrow

If you notice a problem with the flight of your arrow, there is likely a problem with it. Damaged fletchings or problems with the shaft of the arrow will cause it to fly differently than your other arrows.

If you have any arrows like this, perform a visual inspection. If you don’t find any issues with the arrow, you may want to set it aside for a more thorough examination.

The sound the arrow makes when it flies can also clue you in to an issue with the arrow. Fletchings are notorious for making sounds when they’re loose or damaged. If you notice an arrow making more noise than the others, make sure you inspect the arrow.

How to check the Fletchings

One of the most common things that get damaged is the fletching. These can come off or get loose from normal usage.

To check the fletching, do a visual inspection to make sure they’re all there (duh) and make sure they haven’t come loose or damaged. Pull gently on each feather or vane to make sure that they don’t move.

If you use plastic vanes, make sure that there aren’t any tears.

If you use feathers, check for missing or damaged sections. If the feathers are misshaped or clumping, you can use steam to help restore them.

If your arrows have curved fletchings, you need to check to see if the curve is correct symmetrical to each other.

If any of the fletchings are missing, damaged, or loose, you can repair them.

How to Check the Nock

Nocks are also frequently damaged. These can get broken just from regular use without hitting something to jar them loose. I usually recommend that you carry a few extra nocks with you in case you need to repair one while you’re out shooting.

To check the nock, do a visual inspection. Check to make sure that it hasn’t come loose or has any noticeable damage. You should also check to make sure that the nock snaps onto the string.

If the nock is loose or damaged, you can usually fix these rather quickly with a pair of pliers.

How to Check the Shaft

The shaft of the arrow isn’t as common to get damaged, though it is critical that you make sure that it is in good working order. The inspection process is a little different, depending on which type of arrow you shoot.

How to Inspect the Shaft for Carbon Arrows

Start by doing a physical inspection of the shaft. Look for any cracks, breaks, chips, or gouges in the arrow. Scratches are typical, and shouldn’t affect your arrow’s flight.

If you shoot with carbon arrows, you should check its flexibility by gently bending the arrow. You don’t need a lot of pressure. You only need enough to check that it hasn’t started to become brittle.

To test a carbon arrow for cracks, grab the head with your finger and thumb of one hand. Grab the nock with your finger and thumb of the other hand. Then apply pressure to test the flexion of the arrow.

Make sure you check the shaft to see if there are any cracks or splits. Also, listen to the arrow as you flex it to see if it makes any squeaking or cracking noise.

Here’s a video that demonstrates how to check for cracks in the shaft of a carbon arrow:

If the shaft is damaged on your carbon arrow

If your carbon arrow shaft if damaged, the solution is usually to replace the shaft. You can generally salvage the tip and nock can so don’t just throw out the arrow.

If you know someone who shoots a shorter draw length than you, then you can cut the shaft shorter and put the tip back on. However, if the other person shoots a different spine than yours, it isn’t a good idea to repurpose your arrow for them.

How to Check the Shaft for Aluminum Arrows

Checking aluminum arrows starts with the same visual inspection as a carbon arrow. Check for any visible damage. If there is a hard bend or indentation in the shaft, it’s usually time to retire the arrow.

With aluminum arrows, you need to check for straightness of the shaft. If you’re in the field, you can do this visually by looking down the length of the arrow for noticeable bends. If you have a hard surface, you can try rolling the arrow on the surface to check for any distinguishable wobble.

If you’re in the field and there isn’t a flat surface you can use, you can put the point down on something hard and spin it to check for wobble. This can’t find small bends, but if your arrow isn’t straight, this should help you confirm it.

However, the best way to test your arrow for straightness is with an arrow spinner – sometimes called an arrow inspector. These allow you to spin an arrow to check for wobble at different parts of the arrow.

Here’s a video that shows you how to check the straightness of an aluminum arrow. He also demonstrates how to use an arrow inspector to test for wobble:

How to Check the Shaft for Wood Arrows

If you’re shooting arrows with wooden shafts, you need to check for visible damage to the shaft. Check to make sure there aren’t any chips, splits, or gouges in the wood.

Heads/Points

Last, but not least, you need to check the tip of the arrow. This one is pretty straightforward as you need to inspect the arrow for visible damage.

If you’re using a broadhead, you should check to make sure that it’s sharp. Most broadheads are made of steel and don’t dull very quickly. You can test this with a piece of paper. The broadhead should be able to pierce the paper by cutting it, not tearing.

You can also test the arrow to make sure that the tip or head is square to the arrow shaft. If you have an arrow spinner, you can use it to check for wobble in the tip.

If the tip isn’t square to the shaft, you can fix this using a squaring device.

How Do Arrows Get Damaged?

There are quite a few different ways that your arrows can get damaged, which usually involves the arrow hitting something hard.

Target Shooting

It’s not very common for your arrows to get damaged when you’re shooting at the range. There isn’t much around that your arrow can hit that will harm them besides other arrows – or if you miss your target. If your arrow hits another one of your arrows, you can damage them.

If you think your arrow may have hit another one of your arrows, it’s a good idea to perform a visual check for damaged.

If you find that you are frequently hitting your arrows, you can try shooting from a further distance, which usually creates a larger arrow group.

Target Shooting Outside of a Range

If you’re target shooting outside a range, check the area around your target. Check that if you miss, your arrow won’t strike something hard that may damage it. Things like trees, rocks, or metal are the typical culprits for a broken arrow.

Pulling Your Arrows

When you’re removing your arrows from the target, you can damage them. Especially if your arrow is stuck hard, be careful when pulling them out.

If your arrow is stuck good, don’t use pliers to pull it out. Try using an arrow puller to pull out the stuck arrow.

Damage to Arrows when Hunting

When you’re out bowhunting, there are a lot more obstacles around that can damage your arrow.

Trees

Rocks

Bone

Ground

If you’re taking an animal, it’s possible that the arrow will pass through and strike the ground behind the animal, or the animal could land on the arrow, snapping it.

If your arrow strikes the bone, it can damage the arrow, especially the heads. Clean your arrows and perform a visual inspection to be sure your arrows are still serviceable.

It’s essential to check your arrows after you’ve used them to make sure that they haven’t been damaged.

Fix Your Arrows

If you do find damage on your arrows, all is not lost. Most times you can repair the damage or replace the part on the arrow that’s damaged.

How to Fix Fletchings

If you use feather fletchings and they are clumping together, you can easily fix that. Hold the arrow you want to fix with the fletchings over a steaming cup of water. After a few minutes, use your fingers to help fan the feathers out.

If you have a damaged fletching, read on to find out how to fix it.

Tools Needed to Fix Fletchings

Glue – Usually this is some type of superglue, but you should check with the manufacturer of your fletchings to see what kind they recommend.

– Usually this is some type of superglue, but you should check with the manufacturer of your fletchings to see what kind they recommend. Fletching jig – Most archers I’ve talked to recommend the Bitzenburger Fletching Machine. Just remember to get the clamp for straight, right, or left helical fletchings. If you want to do all three at once, some jigs do that (but you can’t repair a single fletching).

– Most archers I’ve talked to recommend the Bitzenburger Fletching Machine. Just remember to get the clamp for straight, right, or left helical fletchings. If you want to do all three at once, some jigs do that (but you can’t repair a single fletching). Knife or Scraping Tool – You’ll need something sharp to help clean off any leftover parts of the old fletching or traces of glue.

– You’ll need something sharp to help clean off any leftover parts of the old fletching or traces of glue. New fletching – Make sure that your new fletching is a match for the ones still on your arrow. If you don’t have matching fletching, it’s best to replace all of them.

– Make sure that your new fletching is a match for the ones still on your arrow. If you don’t have matching fletching, it’s best to replace all of them. Accelerator* – This is an option to speed up how fast the glue dries. If you have a bunch of arrows to fletch or fix, this can dramatically decrease how long the project takes you. The Insta Set Accelerator from Bob Smith Industries works well.

Steps to Fix

Start by using your knife or scraping tool to remove remnants of the old fletching and any glue still on the shaft. Be very careful during this step so you don’t hurt yourself or damage the shaft. After you have cleaned the shaft, insert your arrow into the fletching jig. Line up the jig so that the clamp is lined up with the missing fletching. Place the arrow so that there is 1 – 1 1/8 inch gap between the end of the fletching and the end of the shaft. Place the new fletching in the clamp. Be sure that you insert evenly, or when you press the clamp into place, the fletching won’t line up correctly. Apply a thin line of glue to the base of the fletching. Then use a toothpick or your finger (not recommended) to spread the glue to make sure you spread glue thin and evenly. If you’re using an accelerator, apply one spray to the shaft where you are placing the fletching. Finally, slide the clamp down in the jig and make sure you press down firmly. Wait for the cure time of your glue before releasing the clamp and removing the arrow.

One Final Tip – I forget where I heard this, but if you use a slow-curing glue – such as Bohning Platinum Fletch Tite – on the tips and tail of the fletching, it will make your fletching more durable.

Here’s a video that shows you how to use the Bitzenburger Fletching Machine to fletch an arrow:

How to Fix Nocks

Most nocks that I see in use nowadays use push in nocks. These are easy to assemble for new arrows, and it makes repairs to nocks very easy. I recommend archers keep a pair of pliers – or this handy multi-purpose archery tool – and a few spare nocks with them in their archery kit.

Tools Needed

Pliers

New nock

Steps to Fix the Nock

Use the pliers to pull out the damaged nock. Insert the new nock into place. a. If you glue your nocks into place, you’ll need to cut the damaged nock free and ensure you remove all plastic bits before putting in a new nock.

How to Fix a Point/Head of an Arrow

Fixing the point or head of an arrow is pretty easy to do, and can be done in the field.

Tools Needed

Pliers – Any toothed pliers will work, but I prefer to use long-nose pliers as I feel like it gives me more control

– Any toothed pliers will work, but I prefer to use long-nose pliers as I feel like it gives me more control Adhesive – You want a low-temp adhesive, such as Bohning Cool Flex Adhesive. Having a low-temperature adhesive is crucial with carbon arrows as heat can damage the shaft.

– You want a low-temp adhesive, such as Bohning Cool Flex Adhesive. Having a low-temperature adhesive is crucial with carbon arrows as heat can damage the shaft. Source of Heat – Blow-torches are pretty common. You can also use a heat gun, alcohol burner, or even a candle.

– Blow-torches are pretty common. You can also use a heat gun, alcohol burner, or even a candle. File * – Only really needed if you need to clean up the inside of the arrow shaft. You may not need this.

* – Only really needed if you need to clean up the inside of the arrow shaft. You may not need this. New Point/Head

Steps to Fix the Point/Head

Use the heat source to heat the point of the arrow. Make sure you only heat the arrow point, and you keep the heat away from the shaft. Try to use as little heat as possible to get the head removed. Use the pair of pliers to pull on the old point to remove it from the arrow. Heat the new point and rub it against the adhesive. Make sure that you cover the whole part that goes into the shaft. Using too little glue can cause you to lose the new point more quickly. Insert the new point into the shaft. Clean up any residual adhesive around the tip and shaft.

Here’s a video that will walk you through the process of inserting and removing an arrow point:

How to Fix Shafts

Most of the time, when you have a damaged shaft, you will need to replace the shaft. However, if you have an aluminum arrow that is bent or a carbon arrow wrapped in aluminum, this is something you can repair. You can use this to fix bent carbon or wooden shafts, but I’ve heard mixed results when working with those. I’d recommend extreme caution when trying to fix a shaft other than an aluminum one.

Fixing a bend in the shaft is usually done by trial and error. You find where the bend is, perform a counter bend and test again.

Tools Needed

Arrow Spinner – Not necessary, but an arrow spinner will help you make sure you’re fixing the right part of the arrow.

– Not necessary, but an arrow spinner will help you make sure you’re fixing the right part of the arrow. Arrow Straightener – This will allow you to fix small bends in the arrow

Steps to Fix the Shaft of an Arrow

Check your arrow to see where the curve is in the shaft. The best way to do this is to use an arrow spinner to pinpoint where the arrow bends. Grasp the arrow around the bend and apply firm but gentle pressure in the opposite direction as the bend a. If you have micro-bends or sharp bends, you can try using an arrow straightener to fix these. b. Find where the bend is and insert it into the straightener. Make sure the apex of the bend is towards the single-pin side. c. Gently squeeze the arrow straightener to apply pressure to the arrow. You need to check the arrow after each time you try to fix a bend. If you’re careless, you can easily put a new bend in the arrow.

Here’s a video that goes shows how to use an arrow straightener:

What About When Arrows Get Lost

It is hard to reuse arrows when you can’t find them. Arrows are usually brightly colored to help with arrow retrieval – not to mention it makes them more striking (pun intended) when you’re shooting at the range.

If you find yourself frequently losing arrows – notably if you shoot in a wooded area – you can use lit arrow nocks to make them easier to find.

If you’re a target shooter, make sure you know when to stop. After you start to become fatigued, it is more likely that you’ll miss the target. If you shoot while tired, you can expect to have bad form anyway. Make sure you pay attention to your body and stop when your shot is suffering.

Related Questions

Can you fire a broken arrow? – While you can technically shoot an arrow in any shape, it is not advisable to fire a broken arrow. It is best to repair broken arrows or retire them if you don’t want to try fixing them.

What causes arrows to break? – Many things can cause an arrow to break, but it is usually hitting something hard. Rocks, bone, trees, and even other arrows can break an arrow.

What are the best arrows? – The best arrow is usually a matter of personal preference and is highly dependent on what type of bow you’re using. Given the same spine, carbon arrows are stiffer and lighter than aluminum, which generally gives them a flatter arc. Aluminum arrows are heavier and absorb more kinetic energy from the bow and are extremely quiet. Carbon/aluminum hybrid arrows combine the best of both arrow types but are more expensive than either aluminum or carbon.

Can I reuse my arrows on a new bow? – You can reuse your arrows on a new bow as long as your draw length and poundage are the same. If your draw length changes, you will need a longer or shorter arrow. If your draw weight changes, you’ll need an arrow with a stiffer or more flexible spine. Check with the manufacturer of the bow to see what the recommended spine is for your draw weight.

Can you make crossbow bolts? – Yes, you can make crossbow bolts, but the process it is generally accepted that the process is more complicated and involved than making arrows for other types of bows. It is usually more cost-effective to buy arrows for your crossbow.

First Aid: Bleeding and Arrow Wounds

Transporting an injured hunter to professional medical care as quickly as possible is imperative. However, what happens before the victim is treated by medical professionals can be critical to his or her survival and future quality of life. The NBEF strongly recommends that you take a certified first-aid course.

Bleeding

Pressure, applied firmly and directly, is the best control of serious bleeding anywhere on the body. Pressure closes blood vessels and forms a barrier, allowing blood to clot around the wound.

Use a thick, soft, clean pad to apply firm pressure directly on the bleeding wound.

Covering the wound and applying pressure is most important, even if you have to use your hand. Try to avoid contaminating the wound with dirt, grass, or other foreign matter.

Once applied, try not to remove the pressure bandage. Removal will reopen the wound and cause bleeding to start again.

If the bandage becomes soaked with blood, put another layer over the top rather than peeling off the existing layer.

When direct pressure cannot control severe bleeding, tourniquets are now advised for the treatment of life-threatening, catastrophic bleeding.

Arrow Wound

A deep wound in the chest or abdomen calls for quick action, especially if an artery or vein has been cut by a razor-sharp broadhead.

Battle Wounds: Never Pull an Arrow Out of a Body

Often in western films there is a scene where an arrow is yanked from the body of a fallen comrade. As dramatic as that may be it is definitely not the recommended method for removing an arrow.

Battle wounds in the American Revolutionary War were of a wide variety, none of which were easy to treat medically. One of the worst was when the victim was struck by an arrow. While the vast majority of combatants carried muskets or rifles, bows and arrows were used, sometimes along with a musket, by Native Americans.

Medical texts during the Revolutionary War period are silent regarding the treatment for arrow wounds. The most complete and detailed account of arrow wounds and treatments is Dr. Joseph Howland Bill’s “Notes on Arrow Wounds,” which is considered the “definitive work on American arrow wounds.”[1]
Dr. Bill did not practice during the American Revolution. He served during the Civil War. However, the wounds he dealt with would have been comparable to those of the 18th century. Bill was originally from Philadelphia and attended Jefferson Medical College. After graduation he joined the U.S. Army, was commissioned 1st Lieutenant, and in 1860 was assigned to Fort Defiance, New Mexico. There he wrote his 22-page essay, “Notes on Arrow Wounds,” published in the American Journal of Medical Sciences, 1862. In less than a year Bill was transferred east. He continued to serve in the Army until his death in 1885.[2]
Bill states arrows inflict wounds “with a fatality greater than that produced by any other weapons — particularly when surgical assistance cannot be obtained.”[3] Bill understood the importance of recording his observations for the Army and future settlers as well as documenting his experiences and findings, from both living and dead arrow wound victims, for history and medicine.

Arrowheads could be made from stone, antlers, shells, hardwood, bone, or metal. The arrowheads Dr. Bill most encountered were filed metal while the shaft was usually made from a dogwood branch. For the shaft the dogwood branch was soaked, all the bark removed, and then the limb was straightened using a twisting method. This whole straightening process took about three days.[4] Feathers were also an important part of the arrow. The size and type of feather used determined the speed and rotation of the arrow. The heavier the arrowhead the larger the feathers needed to spin the arrow.[5]
Once the shaft was ready, the arrowhead was attached using tendons and sinews. This kept the head secure, until the tendon got wet. Once wet, the arrowhead would become loose and easily separate from the shaft. So, when the arrow penetrated the body the arrowhead would loosen from its contact with blood and other bodily fluids. Dr. Bill explains the worst thing a friend could do was to try to remove the arrow by pulling on the shaft, which would cause the arrowhead to be left behind forcing the doctor to search for the projectile.[6]
In some situations the arrow proved more destructive to the victim and more difficult to treat for the doctor than a gunshot wound.[7] The problems came from the nature of arrow warfare and the shape and texture of the projectile. Dr. Bill estimates an “expert bowman can easily discharge six arrows per minute.”[8] In one of Dr. Bill’s cases three soldiers suffered a total of 42 arrow wounds between them. Although this number of wounds was extreme, Bill states he rarely saw someone with a single arrow wound.[9]
Further complicating the multiple wounds was that each arrowhead had to be removed. Unlike a gunshot wound, the arrowhead must be located and extracted. Arrowheads were rough and sharp. No tissue around the arrowhead could heal and in the body’s attempt to rid itself of the foreign object infection would rage forming an abscess. Every time the victim moved the arrowhead’s rough edges would inflame and aggravate the injury and eventually lead to a fatal infection or amputation.[10] In contrast a 18th century bullet did not have the sharp edges and could become encysted in tissue or encased in bone and safely remain in the body. The importance of removal is clear in Dr. Bill’s instructions: “We might as well cut the patient’s limb up until we do find the arrow-head.”[11]
Now the gravity of a friend’s attempt to pull the arrow from a wounded comrade becomes apparent. If the shaft was left in place, Dr. Bill’s treatment was to make an incision to enlarge the entry wound and slide a finger down the shaft to feel the depth of the wound and determine if the arrowhead is lodged in bone.[12] Without the shaft in place the doctor was forced to search for the arrow by making a larger incision, probing through tissue, causing more trauma, and taking more time. It was much easier for the doctor and patient if the shaft was left intact until a doctor could remove the head and shaft as one piece. Further, there was always the danger that the arrowhead could not be found leaving the “angular and jagged head… buried in bone to kill – for so it surely will.”[13] If, however, the arrowhead is removed properly, the wound was likely to heal naturally.[14]
If lodged in bone, the doctor could expect to use great force to remove the head. Special instruments were usually employed for this procedure. For instance, a wire loop was often used to grasp the arrowhead, but Dr. Bill frequently reported using strong dental tooth-forceps.[15] The doctor would guide the forceps down his finger and onto the arrowhead.[16] Once the forceps grasped the arrowhead the finger was withdrawn and traction could be applied. Sometimes, however, the arrowhead would be lodged so deeply in bone the forceps would bend from the force of the traction used.[17]
One method to determine if the arrowhead was lodged in bone was by “twirling the shaft,” if the shaft moved the arrowhead was declared not to be lodged in bone.[18] The force needed to remove an arrowhead embedded in bone was surprising. In one particular case Private Bishop was hit in the upper arm near the shoulder. Dr. Bill describes his effort; “…and bracing my knees against the patient’s thorax, I applied all the traction I could muster. Suddenly the arrow-head flew out of its seat, and I would have fallen on the floor, had not the steward caught me.”[19] In 1876 Dr. Bill presented his own design of forceps specifically for removing arrowheads.[20]
Much of the victims’ chance of survival depended on where they were injured and how deep the wound. A number of injuries to the arms were reported, probably because soldiers would attempt to shield themselves with their arms and hands.[21] If the arrow went through a limb it would usually heal normally. The entrance wound appeared as a “very small and narrow slit“ surrounded by a reddish bruise while the exit wound would be larger but without the bruise.[22] For the treatment of this kind of wound Bill would apply “cold or evaporating lotions” and order the patient to allow the injured arm or leg to rest. Meanwhile Bill would watch for any sign of infection which he would treat with “bandages, compresses, and an early evacuation” of any drainage if necessary. Barring any infections, however, the injury would generally heal in a week.[23]
Complications could occur, however. For instance, even though doctors knew how to treat a severed artery, medical help often could not be obtained in time to stop the victim from bleeding to death. Other complications included fractures, broken bones, and severed nerves, but if the arrowhead was removed these injuries were not usually fatal.[24] One particular example of a complication and Bill’s skill is that of Private Martin of the 3rd Infantry. Martin suffered an arrow wound to his right leg; while the arrow did pass through, Martin was left with “agonizing pain” in his toes and foot. The arrow had injured a major nerve, which Dr. Bill divided to stop the pain.[25]
One particular complication of limb wounds involved muscle contractions. If the arrowhead “scrapes the bone near the edge” it could cause a muscle contraction so forceful the metal arrowhead tip was bent to resemble a “fish-hook.”[26] Apparently this complication was common enough for Bill to write “that the digital examination of arrow wounds should always be practised” because if the arrow head is bent upward pulling on it would only injure the victim more.[27] Two precautions should be taken. First, the doctor should push down on the arrowhead to dislodge the hook and then the doctor’s finger should remain on the curved point of the arrowhead during the removal “in order to prevent the entangling” of the hook in any tissue.[28] Bill treated two men who suffered this complication. In the first injury the arrowhead had wrapped around the ulna in the forearm, and the second, around the fibula in the lower leg.[29]
Some of Bill’s most interesting cases involved the head. Bill reports on a total of five head wounds. In three of the cases the brain was wounded and two men died and in the two cases where the brain was not injured both men lived.[30] Unless the arrow was fired straight at the head from a short distance it usually did not penetrate the skull. According to Bill the danger of a headshot came mainly from compression of the outer table of the skull since few arrows reached the brain itself.[31] The result of cerebral compression can include unconsciousness, slowed respirations, high blood pressure, fever, and rapid pulse.[32] Thus, the doctor would have to not only remove the arrowhead but also trephine the skull to release the pressure.[33] Usually fatal were hits to the “orbit” or eye socket but Bill never treated this particular wound himself.[34]
A post guide named Miguel was hit on the left side of his skull by an arrow. By the time Miguel reached Bill someone had removed the shaft and Miguel was suffering from the symptoms of compression sickness. Bill prepared to trephine the skull after he removed the arrowhead. However, once the arrowhead was dislodged “symptoms of compression at once vanished, the man turned over and sneezed, and rose up on his feet.”[35] Later Miguel had to be treated for a headache but otherwise recovered fully.[36]
A great deal of Dr. Bill’s essay describes wounds of the trunk. The chest and abdomen represent the largest part of the human body and house the majority of the major organs. The bowmen knew that a hit to the trunk was likely to be fatal and is where they aimed. Thus, the trunk received more injuries than other areas of the body.[37] Moreover, particular care had to be allotted for all trunk injuries until the location and depth of the wound could be ascertained because any arrowhead could be potentially lodged in the spine, which was usually fatal.[38] Bill would use his knowledge of anatomy and arrow wounds to ascertain if an arrowhead was more likely to be lodged in a rib or vertebrae from the length of the exposed shaft.[39]
An arrow wound to the lung, explains Bill, is much more dangerous than a gunshot wound for three reasons: amount of blood loss, infection, and emphysema. For example, arrow wounds cause more bleeding than gunshot wounds because an arrow “makes clean slits and punctures” while a “ball tears and bruises.” Bill also explains arrows tend to lodge themselves in the lung “whilst a ball generally passes” causing empysema, an infection in the body cavity.[40] Bill states the “third danger peculiar to arrow wounds of lung is the supervention of emphysema” about twelve hours after the injury occurred.[41] Emphysema is a condition where the air spaces in the lungs are distended causing difficulty in breathing.[42] However, Bill goes on to say that the onset of emphysema is more of a nuisance than danger.[43]
Of the fifteen men Bill saw with chest wounds, six had injured lungs and four of them died. Of the nine men without injuries to the lungs all survived.[44] The wide range of chest injuries Bill encountered demonstrates the nature of complications possible. From the five detailed cases that included chest wounds, chest wounds were usually accompanied by infections, such as the case of Salvador Martinez. An arrow entered Martinez‘s chest “between the fifth and sixth ribs on the right side, and passed out between the seventh and eighth on the left.”[45] When Martinez saw Dr. Bill he was having difficulty breathing and in great pain. Bill treated Martinez aggressively for sixteen days but was unable to save him. Upon a postmortem examination Bill found the right lung “solidified and engorged with pus” and the left lung also full of infectious matter.[46]
Abdominal wounds also proved to be exceedingly dangerous because unlike the lungs the abdomen is not protected by the rib cage.[47] Of Bill’s twenty-one abdominal cases all but one was fatal.[48] As Bill states, “Arrow wounds of the abdomen are generally fatal. An arrow can scarcely pass through the abdomen and fail to open a vessel or wound an intestine.”[49] If the abdominal wall is breached the main threat is from a hemorrhage or an infection resulting from a punctured intestine. Bill recommends enlarging the wound in order to examine the abdominal cavity. If the intestines are lacerated, gold wire was used to suture the injury.[50] Again, the arrowhead must be removed if the patient was to have a chance at recovery.

Overall Bill reports he “observed” eighty arrow wounds, the majority to the trunk, thirty-six in all. Of these thirty-six men injured twenty-two died. The extremities are next with a total of 35 wounds.

Bill’s observations from treating the wounded as well as his empirical postmortem research provided the medical community then and the history community today with the only documentation for the nature and treatment of arrow wounds.

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