Banded Cat Shark For Sale Uk? Top Answer Update

The black-banded dogfish is known as the dogfish because the barbels on its mouth resemble cat whiskers. Also known as the Brownbanded Bamboo Shark, it has a cream colored body with broad dark black stripes. As the fish gets larger, large, muted brown spots can appear between the stripes.

The black-banded dogfish is a bottom-dwelling shark that is common in the home aquarium. It eats all the crustaceans in the aquarium. It remains relatively small but will require at least a 360 gallon or larger aquarium as an adult. It requires sand as a substrate, as the abdomen is easily scratched by a coarser substrate, which can lead to infection. It should never be exposed to copper-based drugs.

Feeding can be difficult at first. When first introduced into the aquarium, small pieces of cleaned squid or live marine feeder shrimp should be used to entice this fish to eat. Then it can be fed shrimp, scallops or pieces of fresh sea fish. Feeding these sharks good quality foods such as whole shell cockles, fresh shrimp and squid, and frozen clams is ideal.

Approximate Purchase Size: Small: 3″ to 4″; Medium: 4″ to 7″; Large: 7″ to 10″

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Family Hemiscyllidae Origin Indo-Pacific Social Aggressive Tank Level All Tank Levels Minimum Tank Size 180 Gallons Diet Carnivore Breeding Egg Cases Care Difficult (experts only) pH 8.1-8.4 Hardness dKH 8-12 Temperature 22-27°C

origin and distribution

The Brownbanded Bamboo Shark is native to the Indo-West Pacific. It can be found from Japan to northern Australia and prefers depths of around 275 feet. These sharks often seek out coral reefs where they find plenty of prey.

colors and markings

These impressive sharks sport barbels around their noses, and these “whiskers” are the source of one of their common names: dogfish. Barbels are sensory organs that help fish find food. The young have the beautiful banded markings, but these fade with maturity, and adults may be gray with black stripes or cream with brown stripes; They can develop brown spots between their less prominent stripes. When fully grown, they are over 40 centimeters long.

tankmates

This species is not reef safe: it will nibble on and eat crustaceans, coral, and smaller, less aggressive tankmates. As such, it’s a good idea to keep your brown-banded bamboo shark in a fish-only aquarium with relatively large, aggressive species that can rival a shark. Good aquarium mates include eels, groupers, snappers, hawkfish, hogfish, harefish, lionfish/scorpions, grunts/sweetlips, sharks and rays, large angelfish, parrotfish and kelp/surgeonfish. Triggerfish and puffers are not good options to mate with this shark: they nibble on the sharks’ fins, causing them undue stress.

Habitat and Care of the Brown Banded Bamboo Shark

A nocturnal, bottom-dwelling species that inhabits deeper waters where light is scarce, the Brownbanded Bamboo Shark is sensitive to light. It will usually stay hidden in an aquarium with bright lights, and so it should be provided with a sufficiently large cave or light-protected room in which to hide. Rough textures can scratch this shark’s belly, which can lead to infection, so it needs a soft, sandy bottom. Poor aquarium water quality can be problematic for this species.

A docile fish that don’t swim around much, Brownbanded Bamboo Sharks are nevertheless strong fish that can easily detach unstable rock formations and coral that aren’t securely fastened. To avoid possible damage to the aquarium structure and injury to the shark and its fellow sharks, all items should be stable.

Brown Band Bamboo Shark Diet

Like all sharks, Brownbanded Bamboo Sharks are carnivores and should be fed a meaty diet that includes fresh shrimp, scallops, squid and marine fish meat.

Soaking food in a liquid vitamin provides a boost of vitamins and minerals important to shark health. You also need an additional source of iodine to prevent goiter diseases.

Being quite docile, they do not compete well for food with aggressive feeders. If they share a tank, you may need to offer them food directly using a stick or tongs. They should be fed to saturation two to three times a week. Brown band bamboo sharks have a small mouth and cannot open it very wide. They do not bite off pieces of food. They should be given tiny pieces of food that they can easily eat whole, otherwise they may ignore and even spit out large pieces.

Getting hatchlings to eat can be difficult. The addition of a natural scent and flavor enhancer such as Seachem Entice and the introduction of live, farm-raised marine feeder shrimp (white shrimp) into the aquarium can help pique the interest of a die-hard feeder.

It’s not uncommon for a baby or juvenile specimen not to start eating right away, and the shark can starve to death if not given proper nutrition. Before you buy any of these sharks, make sure they are healthy and make sure they will eat the food that is offered.

sexual differences

The pelvic fins of males have tubular organs called clasps. These organs deliver sperm to the woman’s reproductive tract.

Breeding of the brown band bamboo shark

Bamboo, or catfish, are oviparous, with the eggs being enclosed in elongated, flattened eggshells. It’s not uncommon to find the eggs for sale; In captivity, hatching can take up to four months. If you are serious about breeding these sharks, you will need to devote quite a bit of time to properly managing the process of hatching and caring for the juveniles.

health concerns

This species of shark is prone to developing a goiter, which is a swelling of the thyroid gland that occurs on the outside of the neck area. What starts as a small lump can develop into a very large growth over time that blocks the shark’s throat, preventing it from feeding. A goiter is the result of a lack of iodine in the shark’s diet. It takes many months for one to develop and takes just as long to reverse.

It’s important to take steps to supplement the shark’s diet with the needed iodine when goiter is first noticed. If left alone, the goiter can grow too large, at which point it is too late to save the shark and the animal slowly starves to death. Copper-based medications should never be used on this shark, so read the labels on the products carefully.

More pet fish breeds and more research

There aren’t many other sharks suited to aquarium life, but if you’re interested in more challenging saltwater breeds, you might want to learn about a few of these fish:

Otherwise, check out all the other saltwater fish farming profiles.

When you think of aquarium fish, sharks are probably the last creature that comes to mind to keep in your aquarium. However, we’re here to introduce you to perhaps one of the most unusual pets out there!

Dogfish are a diverse group that includes many different species from multiple families. They can be kept in a home aquarium and make a unique addition to any aquarium.

They are one of the few ways that you can bring a piece of the ocean into your home. If you are so inclined, some of them can even be kept in reef aquariums.

Always wanted to know what it’s like to have a shark of your own? Well, now is a great opportunity!

Read on and we’ll teach you everything you need to know to successfully hold one…

Catsharks Facts & Overview

Category Rating Care Level: Experienced Temperament: Aggressive Color: Various Lifespan: Up to 25 years Size: Up to 60 inches Diet: Carnivore Family: Scyliorhinidae, Hemiscylliidae, Pseudotriakidae

Minimum Tank Size: 350 gallons Tank Design: Marine; mildly planted/decorated Compatibility: Limited

Dogfish is a name commonly used to describe several families (Hemiscylliidae, Scyliorhinidae, Pseudotriakidae) of saltwater sharks that are popular with home aquarists.

Banded catsharks, for example, belong to the Hemiscylliidae family. While other favorites, like marbled catsharks, are from the Scyliorhinidae family.

Species from the family Scyliorhinidae are found in tropical waters worldwide. Some species are endemic, meaning they are only found in a specific area.

Bamboo sharks of the Hemiscylliidae family are found in Indo-Pacific Asia, a geographic region stretching from India to the northern coasts of Australia and reaching the southern islands of Japan.

False catsharks, on the other hand, belong to the Pseudotriakidae family. Because of their enormous size, they are not typically kept as pets.

The lifespan of these fish is highly dependent on how good their living conditions are. Under well-monitored water parameters, they live up to 20 years.

Purchasing can be a bit difficult depending on where you live. In the US, they can be purchased online. Finding them in a store is more complicated due to their size.

The price also varies greatly depending on the type you choose. Marbled catsharks (one of the most popular species) cost around US$80-85 for a juvenile juvenile. Banded dogfish cost about $150-$170. Coral dogfish can be found for around $300.

The unusual thing about the Cat Shark trade is that you can buy an egg. This will cost you around $45-$50 per individual egg. The advantage of getting an egg is that you can watch it grow and there is a greater chance that it will successfully adapt to the aquarium.

Looks

There is a wide variety of color and size among catsharks. Most species are dark, with some species showing varying beautiful color patterns.

Many have long, cylindrical bodies with a short, narrow head with cat-like eyes.

The size of the shark is very variable. Some species reach up to 30 inches, while others can grow to 60 inches.

Banded dogfish

Also known as the bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum), this member of the Hemiscylliidae family is easily identified by the distinctive bands on its skin.

They form quite an interesting color pattern with a chain of dark and light stripes running all over the body. Their body is off-white pale in color with dark thick stripes enveloping themselves. They can grow up to 42 centimeters long.

coral dogfish

Also known as the Indian coral catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus), this fish is a very popular choice among fish keepers. Its coloring looks a bit messy at first glance, with a mix of dark and light dots or lines spreading across its body. Their heads can be covered with small, densely packed dots, or they can be monochromatic.

They can grow up to 28 inches but average around 25 inches.

Marbled catshark

Better known as the Australian marbled catshark (Atelomycterus macleayi), they resemble coral catsharks in appearance. Her body is covered with white dots on a saturated black background, while the rest has a brownish color. Dark parts of their coloration sometimes form bands.

The lower part of their head and its sides are usually light gray and their eyes protrude above the head.

They reach up to 24 inches and are usually easy to find compared to some other species.

Wrong catshark

The false dogfish (Pseudotriakis microdon), a member of the Pseudotriakidae family, is not very popular with aquarists. They are also fairly plain in color.

They can reach a considerable length, growing to almost 10 feet tall. Their size is partly responsible for their low popularity.

Habitat and tank conditions

Catsharks are marine species that prefer warm waters and spend most of their lives foraging the ocean floor for food. Because of the diversity in the group, these sharks are found in a number of different habitats.

For example, coral cat sharks, as the name suggests, are mostly found near inshore reefs.

The seabed in their habitats consists of sandy gravel or sand. Rocks, boulders and other types of natural shelters are scattered throughout.

However, remember that there is a wide variety, so make sure you research the individual species you want.

tank setup

One of the biggest challenges with this fish is the initial setup.

The most important thing is that these are saltwater fish. the salt content must always be maintained. This is done by adding salt or a variety of chemical solutions to your tank.

Saltwater aquariums generally require more attention than freshwater aquariums. But don’t let that put you off. Once you get the usual misconceptions out of the way, you’ll find that sea tanks can be even more exciting.

Depending on which Shark you get, your tank setup will need to be adjusted.

For this article we will focus on the banded dogfish; They are one of the most popular among aquarium enthusiasts.

The substrate should be well filtered and free of sharp objects that could injure the shark. Sand gravel is best.

You’ll also need some live rocks and hiding spots. You can arrange the bricks to form a column. This will make your fish feel more comfortable.

The temperature in the tank should be maintained between 75.2 and 78.8 degrees F. A solid filtration system is also required. Ideally, currents should be created near the bottom of the tank. Given the size of the fish, you’ll also need a protein skimmer to remove waste matter.

The acidity (pH) should be kept in a very narrow range: 8.2-8.4. The specific gravity should be between 1.020-1.025 and the dKH between 8-12.

The lighting should not be very intense. A low or medium wattage lamp between 300 and 400W is recommended.

What size aquarium do catsharks need?

Since most dogfish breeds reach 40-48 inches, you will need at least a 350-gallon tank.

The base of the pool is also important because they need as much space as possible to swim. So choose a round or square tank with a large footprint.

tankmates

They spend most of their time on the seabed with other bottom dwellers. In the tank they are quite aggressive. Some species are less aggressive than others, but they are generally hostile to their aquarium mates, even if the fish is larger.

However, you can keep them with smaller fish if they don’t crossbreed very often.

It is still difficult to keep small fish with you as they might end up being eaten. The same goes for non-fish residents or crustaceans (which is their favorite food).

The more spacious the aquarium, the less aggressive the fish are. If your tank is large enough, multiple sharks can be kept together.

Some fish you might consider are stingrays, other catsharks, some tangs like yellow or hippo tangs, groupers (as long as they are not aggressive) and harlequin tusks.

Avoid putting potential competitors in the same tank. By this we mean large, carnivorous fish that are likely to cause problems. For example, eels or fish from the Percidae family.

Also, avoid adding triggers, puffer fish, or angels as they are all likely to peck at the shark.

keeping catsharks together

Although most dogfish are solitary, they can be kept together. It is preferred to keep them together from an early age as they become used to each other. We recommend that you keep no more than 3 of these together even if your aquarium is large.

diet

Catsharks are seabed predators. Their natural diet consists of molluscs, crustaceans, invertebrates or small fish. As you can imagine, they will happily devour anything.

Some species only feed on fish that they can swallow whole. That’s because their teeth aren’t designed for biting through prey, only crushing shells and catching food.

In captivity, they should be fed live meat. For example shrimp, fish fillets, pieces of meat, squid fillets, live small fish and the like. The portion size should be adjusted depending on whether it is an adult or not.

Since they can be greedy for food, it is recommended to feed them large portions 3-4 times a week or small portions 2-3 times a day. Their feeding pattern can change drastically if water temperature is not closely monitored.

Care

These species are quite hardy, but there are still a few things to look out for.

One of those things is the water parameters. They are extremely sensitive to sudden changes.

The temperature range should be closely monitored. Low temperatures can cause their metabolism to slow down, while high temperatures can cause them to stop eating and increase the risk of parasitic infection.

Clean water is the key to keeping them healthy. Ideally, 10-15% of the water should be renewed weekly. Don’t forget to add sea salt to your aquarium.

We’ve already mentioned the importance of fine substrate. This is important as it can injure the fish and catch an infection. All of this is easily avoided by simply keeping the bottom of your tank nice and clean.

Catfish are not susceptible to any particular disease, although infections are quite common. Catfish can develop a goiter if there is a lack of iodine; a very uncomfortable condition that leads to the enlargement of their endocrine gland. As a preventative measure, add some iodine as a supplement according to directions to ensure this doesn’t happen to your pet.

If your fish is damaged, it should recover naturally in good aquarium conditions. But if that doesn’t happen and your fish gets infected, put them in a quarantine tank and add antibacterial chemicals to the water.

Typical behavior

They are thought to be schools of fish and some are found in groups of 12, but they can also be solitary. Although they are not active predators, they are still aggressive towards most other aquarium fish.

Their feeding behavior is far removed from that of typical sharks. In the wild, most species are nocturnal predators, meaning they forage at night.

Bamboo sharks have barbels that are like a cat’s whiskers. They use their barbels to probe the sea floor to find potential prey.

Many species belong to the group of ground sharks (Carcharhiniformes). The name speaks for itself. These fish are almost always found near the bottom of the sea where they swim around in search of food.

As you might have guessed, these fish swim around in the tank looking for food in the lower part of the tank.

breed

Catsharks are ovarian, meaning they lay eggs. Due to many different factors, the breeding process presents various difficulties. Sharks are usually bred on specialized farms under strict conditions.

These conditions are extremely difficult to replicate at home. Furthermore, their size complicates things even more.

Certain species (coral sharks) have been successfully bred in home aquariums. In this species, the maturity of the fish can be judged by their size. Males reach puberty when they are around 15 inches tall, while females are ready to breed when they reach 17 inches.

Females usually attach eggs to substrate or objects on the sea floor. Fry are typically around 4 inches long. As soon as the young fish hatch, they start looking for food.

However, as mentioned earlier, don’t expect to breed these fish in a home aquarium.

Is a cat shark suitable for your aquarium?

Catsharks are beautiful and unusual pets that are seldom seen in home aquariums. There is a great variety of species among them and a wide range to choose from.

They are large saltwater fish and therefore require special care, although they are not susceptible to certain diseases. Since seawater setting knowledge is required and it takes a lot of time, we recommend it only for experienced aquarists.

Check out some other interesting saltwater fish to start with if you’re looking to get into the marine aquarium hobby.

However, this effort will be worth it. Having a shark in your tank is sure to impress any visitor.

If you are a seasoned fish keeper and have been looking for something new to spice things up, look no further.

Have you ever thought about getting a shark? Let us know in the comments section below…

This article was co-authored by Doug Ludemann. Doug Ludemann is the owner and operator of Fish Geeks, LLC, an aquarium services company based in Minneapolis, Minnesota. Doug has been in the aquarium and fish care industry for over 20 years, including as a professional aquarist for the Minnesota Zoo and Chicago’s Shedd Aquarium. He received his Bachelor of Science degree in Ecology, Evolution and Behavior from the University of Minnesota. This article has been viewed 132,732 times.

Article overview

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To keep a bamboo shark, first get a tank that holds at least 180 gallons, as bamboo sharks need a lot of space. Then set up your tank with pumps, filters, and heaters that will keep the water clean and warm enough for your bamboo shark. You should also line the bottom of the aquarium with sand and rocks and fill it with water and aquarium salt since bamboo sharks are saltwater fish. To learn how to acclimate your shark to its tank, scroll down!

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All in all I will definitely order from them again in the future and would recommend them to any of my friends. – Peter

fish species

The Chinese highfin bandshark (Myxocyprinus asiaticus) is a popular freshwater aquarium fish[1] that belongs to the family Catostomidae. It grows to approximately 1.35 m (4 ft 5 in) long[2] and is unsuitable for most home aquariums.[3][4]

In addition to the Chinese highfin bandshark, it is also known by many other common names, including Chinese bandshark, Chinese sailfin sucker,[4] highfin (also spelled Hi-Fin[5]), fin loach, Chinese highfin sucker, sailfin sucker, topsail sucker, asian sucker, chinese sucker, pennant carp, pennant, freshwater batfish, hilsa herring, big fish, chinese or asian zebra longfin shark, chinese or asian zebra longfin sucker,[1] chinese emperor, siamese sucker,[6] chinese band shark[7] and Entsuyui in Japanese. Despite its common name, it has no relation to actual sharks.[8]

It has declined drastically due to pollution, dams (which prevent its natural brood migration), overfishing, introduced species, and collection for the aquarium trade.[3][4][8] As a result, it was placed on China’s Endangered Species List and is a government protected species.[3][8]

Description[edit]

Mounted specimen of an adult Chinese longfin band shark.

Young Chinese fin sharks typically have brown bodies with three dark slanting bands. During the breeding season, adult males can be distinguished from adult females by their red coloring. Adult females are dark purple in color with a wide and vertical reddish area along the body. Juvenile Chinese highfin bandsharks are also characterized by a tall and triangular dorsal fin that extends to the posterior end of the anal fin. The adult appearance is far less distinct, having an elongated shape without the very high dorsal fin.[8] The thick and fleshy[1] lips bear small papillae without barbels. They have a single row of pharyngeal teeth arranged in a comb-like arrangement.[9]

In adulthood, Chinese Tall Fin Sharks darken in color. The characteristic faint bands found on young specimens disappear at 30–36 cm (12–14 in) [3] in length and the species has been dubbed the “ugly duckling in reverse”. Growth is rapid; It usually reaches a length of about 20 cm (8 in) in its first year and 50 cm (1 ft 8 in) by three years of age. Sexual maturity is reached when they are five to six years old and at least 60 cm long.[10] The maximum size this fish attains is 1.35 m (4 ft 5 in) in length[2] and 40 kg (88 lb) in weight.[3]

Distribution and habitat[edit]

Chinese highfin band sharks are native to the Yangtze River basin in China.[9] They migrate to relatively fast-flowing, shallow headwaters to spawn, but spend the rest of their time in the main stretches of the river.[3] The population of the Min River, a tributary of the Yangtze, may have been wiped out.[3]

The species is widely cultivated in China to supply the food industry.[11]

lifetime [edit]

In their natural habitat, Chinese highfin band sharks live for more than 25 years and reach sexual maturity at 5 to 6 years of age.[2][3][10]

See also[edit]

References[edit]

Without a doubt, sharks are the proverbial bad boys of the deep. Their antics have been the focus of major motion pictures, weeklong television specials, and classic Rat Pack songs.

And while we’re all used to seeing these creatures lurking in large bodies of water, we’ve found a few species for your aquarium. Yes, believe it or not, you really can keep them at home provided you have the right tank to house them and also educate yourself and educate yourself on how to properly care for them. If you are thinking of adding a shark to your tank, here are the ideal sharks for your home aquarium as these breeds are small enough to fit in.

The best sharks for freshwater aquariums

We’ll tell you a little secret. Apart from the bull shark, there is no freshwater shark. Most freshwater fish referred to as sharks in pet stores got that name because their pointed dorsal fins and forked tails resemble sharks. Regardless, these “sharks” make a colorful addition to the aquarium for the experienced aquarist looking to expand their freshwater tank.

Redtail Shark. These beautiful fish have black bodies with bright red tails and a white tip on the dorsal fin. They do best in aquariums at least 55 gallons and have a lifespan of around six years. They are semi-aggressive fish that can establish territories in your tank. Although they get along well with other fish, they will eat smaller fish when hungry. They can grow to 6 inches in length and require a water temperature of 72-79 F. Best tankmates are similarly sized fish such as other redtail sharks, as well as barbs, danios, angelfish and tetras.

rainbow sharks These are also called red fin sharks or ruby ​​sharks. These semi-aggressive fish have bright red fins and will make a colorful addition to your aquarium. They do best in aquariums at least 55 gallons at 75-81 F and grow to 6 inches in length. As aquarium cleaners, they like to eat the algae that grows at the bottom of the tank. Good tankmates for rainbow sharks include gouramis, barbs, danios, and rainbowfish, which swim higher in the tank and don’t infringe on the rainbow shark’s territory. Their lifespan is five to eight years.

bala sharks They have been described as “gentle giants” because they get along well with many other species of fish, including rainbowfish, tetras and danios. These yellow, black, and gray sharks love to travel in pods, so consider buying several together if you decide to add them to your tank. Their very active nature makes them fun to watch, although they will appreciate a few good hiding spots. Because of their size, they do best in a 120-150 gallon aquarium with a secure lid (they do like to jump occasionally) where the water temperature is kept near 77 F. Adult bala sharks can be 14 inches long and live as long as 10 years.

The best sharks for saltwater tanks

A saltwater aquarium is where you’ll find the real sharks, although most species are too large to live in a small hobby aquarium. The following sharks, small compared to their deep-water cousins, thrive best with experienced hobbyists familiar with managing 180-350 gallon aquariums.

White-spotted bamboo sharks are smaller sharks popular with saltwater tank enthusiasts. Although juveniles can start life in a smaller tank (30-55 gallons), they will outgrow it quickly and will need to be placed in one that is at least 180 gallons. They prefer hexagonal or circular tanks with a sandy bottom and plenty of rocks and other cave-like structures to hide in. They coexist well with other species such as grunts, snappers, mackerel and goatfish and can live up to 25 years. Males reach 2.5 feet in length; Females grow up to 3.5 feet in length.

Dogfish is the name of a large family of saltwater sharks, including banded dogfish, marbled dogfish, and bamboo sharks. While juveniles can live in a 100 gallon tank for a while, they will need to transition to at least a 350 gallon tank once they start growing. With proper care, catsharks can live up to 20 years and grow up to 4 feet in length. They need an open swimming space with rocks and driftwood to hide on the edges of a sandy bottomed tank. Good tankmates for these aggressive bottom dwellers include other catsharks, stingrays, tangs, and harlequin tusks.

Epaulette sharks have long, light brown bodies with epaulette-like markings on their fins, which they often use to “walk” at the bottom of the tank in search of food. Juveniles may initially live in a smaller 30-55 gallon aquarium, but they will eventually need to move to an aquarium of at least 180 gallons. These sharks can live up to 25 years and grow up to 42 inches in length. As nocturnal creatures, they prefer a sandy bottom with plenty of hiding spots to escape the bright aquarium lights and a water temperature of 72-78 F. Good tankmates for epaulette sharks include small moray eels, groupers, and small stingrays.

Final thoughts on sharks for a home aquarium

Adding a shark to your tank, whether it’s a freshwater wannabe or a saltwater villain, is a great way to add a bit of mystery and intrigue. The best choice is a shark that can coexist with your other fish and live comfortably in the underwater environment you have created. And while these ground eaters won’t spoil anyone’s boating trip, they will provide years of entertainment and entertainment for the enthusiast willing and able to give them the proper care.

Do you want to know if you can keep seahorses in your home aquarium? Check out our guide.

Editor’s Recommendations

Learn about gray seals and watch a seal hunt a dogfish. Learn about the gray seal and watch it hunt a dogfish. Contunico © ZDF Enterprises GmbH, Mainz View all videos for this article

Dogfish, one of more than 150 species of small speckled sharks (order Carcharhiniformes). Most are less than 90 cm (3 feet) long and many have bold body markings. They have slender bodies and elongated eyes that give them a feline appearance. Catsharks hunt invertebrates and small fish. They have been found in all major marine environments of tropical and temperate regions, although many bottom-dwelling species are rare and poorly understood. No species is known to be aggressive towards humans.

Catsharks are divided into 17 genera comprising the families Scyliorhinidae and Pentanchidae. However, some classifications place all catsharks in the Scyliorhinidae family. The genus Apristurus, which consists of the demon catsharks and ghost catsharks, contains up to 39 species and is possibly the most diverse genus of sharks known.

So you want to keep a shark

Author: Bob Goemans

Whether you’re a diver, snorkeler, or casual swimmer, the thought of coming face-to-face with a shark has crossed your mind.

Scary Sharks

I was born and raised in the Long Island area of ​​New York where I have spent countless hours swimming the waters of Amityville. The iconic film Jaws – which celebrates the 40th anniversary of its release this year – forever linked this area with sharks in popular imagination. In fact, I still remember lifting my feet off the floor of the movie showroom during one of his scarier scenes.

I can also remember snorkeling in the very murky South China Sea when I was startled out of the water after a large animal brushed against my submerged body. I just think “Hai!” prompted me to walk a quarter mile along exposed reef tops to get back to shore.

And to be completely honest, sharks are not one of my favorite subjects. I’m also not overly impressed with seeing them in a home aquarium, unless the enclosure is dedicated solely to keeping them – and it would have to be quite large to serve that purpose.

However, people of all ages keep asking me about sharks. I have often spent many hours trying to find answers to seemingly simple questions. In this article I will try to answer these many questions and clear up some misconceptions about the powerful creatures that have fascinated and terrified us for centuries. I will also highlight a few species that might be good choices for aquarists considering keeping them.

Shark Facts

cartilage framework

Animals of the Chondrichthyes class, which includes sharks, are distinguished by three main characteristics: they do not have a “bony” skeleton, but an internal framework of cartilage; they have between five and seven gill slits; and their pectoral fins are not fused to their heads.

Unique scales

There are many unique characteristics of sharks that set them apart from other fish. Sharks do not have scales made up of overlapping plates. Instead, their scales are small tubercles that result in a sandpaper-like skin.

No swim bladder

Also, sharks don’t have swim bladders. They must swim to maintain their height in the water column. Also intriguing is the fact that the leading edge of their pectoral fins tilts upwards to give them lift while swimming, much like the wings of an airplane work in the air.

Interchangeable teeth

Their teeth are not embedded in their jaws, but are arranged in rows that grow continuously forward, so the back teeth eventually replace worn or lost front teeth.

size range

Sharks don’t have a uniform average size; they come in all shapes and sizes. The smallest is the dwarf shark (Squaliolus laticaudus), which grows to around 20cm long, while the largest is the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), which grows to around 15m in length.

freshwater sharks

Most are found in salt water, particularly in oceans. However, there are some freshwater species. Most sharks are cold-blooded, adopting the temperature of the surrounding water. Depending on the species, their preferred temperature ranges from arctic to tropical.

Frequently asked questions about sharks

Are all sharks harmful?

This is the most common question that comes my way. In reality, most people are harmless to them. In the rare case of an attack, it is usually a case of mix-up.

Can sharks hear?

Sharks don’t hear like we do, but they do have inner ears in which a fluid-filled membranous labyrinth detects sound and pressure waves. A change in direction or displacement of the water by an external force is sensed by sensory hair cells in the membrane, which then send signals to the brain. This is how sharks maintain their position and balance in the water column.

As with bony fish, sharks have a lateral line on either side of their body, running from the tail to the head. It detects vibrations in the water column and sometimes directs them to an injured fish (i.e., its next meal). Biologists have found that when humans dive in the presence of sharks, the fish can actually hear their heartbeats underwater.

Can sharks smell?

When it comes to a shark’s sense of smell, “nose knows” is my preferred way of saying it. Their nostrils (noses) have cells that detect chemicals in the water. In fact, they’re so sensitive, it’s said they can only detect one part blood in a million parts water!

Do sharks have eyelids?

Sharks don’t have eyelids, so they can’t close their eyes. However, some have what is called a nictitating membrane, which can cover and protect the eye when feeding.

Can sharks drown?

Sharks can drown if water doesn’t flow over their gills, where oxygen from the water is processed. Those that swim constantly sometimes do so in a sleep-like state, and some bottom-dwelling sharks slip into a hibernation phase while resting at lower depths. In addition, many are suffocated in gillnets or longlines, where they can account for a large percentage of bycatch (untargeted species collected by commercial fishermen).

hunter and hunted

A shark’s natural lifespan is still based on guesswork, but some live to be close to 100 years, like the dogfish (Squalus acanthias). Although notorious as predators, they are also hunted themselves. Barracuda, grouper, killer whales and swordfish are among their natural enemies.

And let’s not forget to include human predators. Many sharks are hunted for food, and their main threat comes in the form of finning. In China, shark fin soup is prepared as a delicacy. They are caught, their fins removed, and thrown back into the sea to die. It is estimated that humans kill between 80 and 100 million sharks annually.

When it comes to what sharks eat, almost anything alive they can get in their mouths would be a reasonable answer, including other sharks, seabirds, turtles, shrimp, clams, sea lions, dolphins, and dying whales. However, they rarely eat dead meat unless it is fresh (and only when necessary), and months can sometimes elapse between reasonable meals.

Sharks in the hobby

When it comes to shark husbandry, the first consideration is tank size. Once a shark outgrows its enclosure, there is little to no interest – even in a public aquarium – in taking it out of your hands. Reintroduction is not an option and should not be considered.

Once the tank size is settled, biological filtration becomes a second factor to consider as sharks have unclean feeding habits and can produce copious amounts of waste. Trickle and canister filters are among the best types of equipment for maintaining adequate water quality. A quality protein skimmer would also help reduce some of this waste before it biodegrades, while also oxygenating the water.

Aquascaping is also a major concern as sharks require wide, open swimming areas with fine sandy bottoms to be properly housed. Feeding strategy is another factor that should be explored as these organisms use different methods to find and eat their prey.

Choosing a Shark

After learning about shark keeping, you will find those of the nine orders – Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks), Heterodontiformes (horn and sculpin sharks), Hexanchiformes (sixgill sharks), Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks), Lamniformes (trevally mackerel sharks), Pristiophoriformes (sawsharks). ), Squaliformes (spines and suction fish), Squatiniformes (angelsharks), and Rajiformes (sawfish, rays, and rays)—just two contain species that would interest marine aquarists. These occur in the orders Orectolobiformes and Carcharhiniformes.

The order Orectolobiformes has 7 families, 14 genera and about 32 species. Almost all members are bottom dwellers, mostly nocturnal and generally harmless to humans.

One of these families, Hemiscylliidae (bamboo sharks), has two genera, Chiloscyllium and Hemiscyllium, which often include imported species such as the banded shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) and the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). A close third could be the Indonesian carpet shark (H. freycineti), which looks quite similar to its cousin H. ocellatum.

The Epaulette Shark

The epaulette shark (H. ocellatum) is native to the western Pacific and lives in the areas of northern and western Australia (Queensland) and New Guinea. In the wild, it reaches about 42 inches (105 cm) in length. In captivity it often does not reach this length and can be much smaller at maturity.

The epaulette shark is a nocturnal creature that lives on lower reef walls, reef flats, and coral lagoons. It feeds on shrimp, worms and crabs by digging them out of the sandy bottom areas. This species requires a minimum of a 200 gallon (757 liters) aquarium and should be fed fresh seafood three times a week. Shrimp, fish meat, crab, octopus, squid, sea urchins, squid, krill and scallops are suitable food for this shark. Small live marine fish are also good for the occasional dinner.

substrate

The aquarium housing should have a sandy bottom with large caves and/or rocky outcrops to hide under. Since this species digs to find its food, any large rock caves or ledges should be securely formed to prevent collapses.

filtration

A well filtered and well oxygenated system with few environmental obstacles is also required. Keep in mind that most sharks cannot be treated with heavy metal solutions like copper.

tankmates

Do not house the epaulette shark with large triggerfish, angelfish, wrasse or pufferfish as they can peck the shark and cause skin and/or eye damage. Although this is probably the best species of shark for the home aquarium, it is not a pet animal and will bite if provoked.

Carpet and Bamboo Sharks

The Indonesian carpet shark (H. freycineti), which resembles the epaulette, is also native to the western Pacific (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) and reaches around 70 cm in length. The difference between them can sometimes be distinguished by the coloring around the eye depending on their age. The eye of H. ocellatum is outlined in white, that of H. freycineti is not. Otherwise, the same housing conditions apply.

Remaining in this family are two bamboo sharks—the white-spotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum) and the brown-banded bamboo shark (C. punctatum)—which also make good choices for the home aquarium. The white-spotted bamboo shark is native to the Indo-West Pacific. In the wild, it reaches a length of about 95 cm, inhabits coastal coral reefs and is usually found in crevices and caves.

Reaching about 100 cm in length, the brown-banded bamboo shark inhabits waters stretching from Japan to northern Australia. The same husbandry conditions as mentioned above also apply to these two species, as their behavior and needs are the same. In fact, captive bred specimens are available, as are their eggs.

catsharks and wobbegongs

There are several catsharks in the order Carcharhiniformes, family Scyliorhinidae that are worth considering as their smaller size reduces the aquarium size required for their upkeep. One of these is the coral catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus), which is native to the Indo-West Pacific and grows to only about 65cm in length.

Dogfish coloring

Color patterns vary depending on where the species originated. The coral catshark is another nocturnal shallow-water species that feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fish. Again, their stance is the same as previously mentioned.

wobbegongs

There is another shark that seems to interest some aquarists who can afford very large aquariums and that is the wobbegongs in the family Orectolobidae, order Orectolobiformes. These odd-looking sharks have a flattened body, a very broad head with long dumbbells, and flaps of skin around the mouth.

They range in size from 3 to 10 feet (1 to 3 m). These nocturnal sharks feed on octopus, squid, other sharks, crabs, shrimp, rays, fish and just about anything else they can find. Some species, like Eucrossorhinus dasypogon, would require a 1000 gallon (3785 liters) aquarium!

Although the wobbegong is quite intriguing in appearance, it is another species that is dormant during daylight hours, so the visual enjoyment one normally associates with keeping fish will be unfulfilled.

“Hello ~ I’ve just received my very first online order and I’m thrilled. Everything is going well and looks great. I have to pat you all on the back….the packaging was A+ and I will be ordering again.” – C

types of sharks

The white-spotted bamboo shark (Chiloscyllium plagiosum) is a carpet shark with an adult size of up to one meter in length.[2] This small, mostly nocturnal species is harmless to humans. Occasionally, the white-spotted bamboo shark is kept as a pet in larger home aquariums. It can grow up to 93 centimeters long.[3]

Description[edit]

Dorsal fins with convex rear edges. Color pattern of purple and pink spots with dark bands and a white body. The coloration is unique to this family, making identification very easy.[4] The teeth of bamboo sharks are not highly differentiated. Each tooth has a medial cusp and weak labial root lobes with 26-35 teeth in the maxilla and 21-32 teeth in the mandible.[5] Bamboo sharks typically rest on the bottom of their habitat, with their head and torso supported by resting on their curved and indented pectoral fins.[6] White-spotted bamboo sharks have a very distinctive dorsal fin that can alter or affect their habitation as well as their methods of mobility.[7]

Distribution[ edit ]

These sharks are found on coral reefs in the Pacific Ocean. They are common in coastal Indonesia and surrounding waters, but the species’ range extends from Japan to India.[8] These sharks are also used for human consumption in Madagascar[4] and Taiwan[9].

feeding [edit]

These sharks feed at night, chasing small fish and invertebrates. They have small teeth that can be used to grab or crush prey. Soft prey is grasped when the tips of the teeth sink into the flesh, but the teeth pivot backward when biting hard prey. This protects the tip of the teeth and allows the flattened front surface of the teeth to form a continuous plate for crushing crabs. Young sharks require a higher carbon uptake than adult sharks, especially during the rainy season. White-spotted bamboo sharks have an advantage when searching for sources of carbon because they are benthic predators (meaning they hunt fish near the sea floor) as opposed to pelagic sharks like the spadenose shark. This, combined with the fact that these shark species, like most sharks, have electroreceptors (ampoules of Lorenzini) along their snouts that help them locate prey buried in the sand and mud, makes them very efficient users of detrital carbon resources. [12]

reproduction[ edit ]

White-spotted bamboo sharks are oviparous (egg-laying). The eggs are approximately five inches long[13] and hatch after 14 or 15 weeks.[13][14] The young hatch at a length of approximately 6 inches.[15] Doug Sweet, curator of fish at Detroit’s Belle Isle Aquarium, reported that in July 2002 a clutch of eggs from a female white-spotted bamboo shark hatched with no apparent fertilization.[14] This appears to be the first reported example of parthenogenesis in this species.

Virgin Egg Laying[ edit ]

A female Chiloscyllium plagiosum that had been without contact with a male for 6 years laid eggs which hatched to 3 young at the Belle Isle Aquarium in Detroit, Michigan. There are many theories for this incident, but none are confirmed. The species have been found and collected from Ternate Island and Halmahera Island, Indonesia and generally in the Palearctic region of Asia. Among these theories, the three most likely would be that the female contains both the male and female reproductive organs; the female has the ability to store sperm for so long; and finally that the female somehow stimulated the eggs without sperm, a process called parthenogenesis.[16] The offspring kept away from males produced asexually viable offspring.[17]

Albino mutations[ edit ]

Albinism is very rare in sharks and has only occurred a few times. There are no exact statistics, but it is estimated that 1 in 10,000 of this species is born an albino. Three white-spotted albino bamboo sharks have hatched at SeaWorld of Orlando.[18] At the Downtown Aquarium in Denver, Colorado, albino white-spotted bamboo sharks have been hatched annually since 2007, some of which are currently on display.

As pets[edit]

Because of their small size and bottom-dwelling lifestyle, they are one of the most common shark species kept in home aquariums. They feed and breed readily in captivity.[10] Because of this, they can be acquired from many sources.[19][20] Adult specimens require tanks of at least 180 gallons and preferably larger.[21] Captive specimens can be fed pieces of squid, shrimp, mussels, scallops, and marine fish, as well as live ghost shrimp.

See also[edit]

“Web of Science [v.5.15] – All Databases Full Record.” Web of Science [v.5.15] – Complete logging of all databases. n.p., n.d. Network. 23 Oct 2014.

References[edit]

Is It Legal to Own a Great White Shark?

no Great white sharks are a protected species in the waters where they occur. If captured, they must be released immediately. It is illegal to fish for these animals.

Because they are open water fish that must constantly swim to breathe, great white sharks do not fare well in captivity. Adult great white sharks require a diet that is difficult to provide in captivity. Attempts by aquariums to house great white sharks have resulted in either their eventual release or death.

What Types of Sharks Can Humans Own?

Although great white shark ownership is illegal, some sharks can be kept in captivity. Here is a list of sharks you can keep in freshwater aquariums:

rainbow sharks

Roseline Torpedo Sharks

bala sharks

harlequin sharks

Redtail black sharks

If you have a large saltwater tank these larger sharks can be kept:

Marbled catshark

coral dogfish

Gray Bamboo Shark

White-spotted Bamboo Shark

California horn shark

Brown Banded Bamboo Shark

Epaulettes shark

Japanese wobbegong

Blacktip or Whitetip sharks

The largest shark on this list can grow up to 5 feet long, so you’ll need at least 1,000 gallons of water to keep it safe.

How do I find out if a type of pet is legal to keep?

There are federal, state, and local laws governing the keeping of wild, exotic, and domestic animals as pets. In general, federal laws prohibit owning endangered and protected species across the country.

Other unusual pets may be banned at the state or local level to prevent invasive species and discourage pet owners from releasing an unwanted animal into the wild. For example, owning ferrets is illegal in California and Hawaii. Some exotic pets require USDA, state, or local permits. To find out what is and isn’t legal in your area, contact your local animal welfare agency. They may be able to educate you about pet laws in your community or point you in the right direction. If you cannot find the information you need or have a specific question, you can contact a Rocket Lawyer On Call® attorney for assistance.

Are fish protected by animal cruelty laws?

no The Federal Animal Protection Act does not protect fish. Fish are not protected under the Humane Slaughter Act and other state animal welfare laws. Some states may have laws protecting fish, and every state requires a fishing license, but under federal law, fish have little protection. While sharks may not have these protections because sharks are fish, marine mammals such as dolphins, manatees, whales, penguins, and seals are protected under federal law.

Do I need a Pet Trust?

If you decide that a shark or other exotic pet, or just a dog or cat, is right for you, a pet trust can help ensure your animal gets the care it needs after you bring it home Even if friends and family aren’t willing to do it, have the burden if you can’t. A pet trust is a legal document that allows the owner of a pet to appoint a trustee or custodian and provide assets to the trustee to ensure the pet is properly cared for throughout its life.

With the Rocket Lawyer mobile app, you can contact an attorney anytime, anywhere, on any device to address any legal questions you may have about pet ownership.

This article contains general legal information and does not constitute legal advice. Rocket Lawyer is not a law firm or a substitute for an attorney or law firm. The law is complex and changes frequently. For legal advice, please contact an attorney.

Three perfect shark additions to your aquarium

sharks. They truly are the misunderstood creatures of the salty seas. People are scared of them, which can be good, except when they’re all going “Clint Eastwood” and want to take out all the sharks. However, people should really consider that we are encroaching on their natural habitat and not the other way around. Also, most shark attacks happen when humans don’t heed warnings…

Overall, however, sharks are cool creatures. They’re smart, they know how to take care of themselves, and they’ve basically stayed the same for millions of years, which is pretty incredible. So what’s not to love, right?

If you consider yourself a shark fanatic and are finally considering getting one for your aquarium, there are a few things you should know.

Tread cautiously

If you’ve never had a pet fish, think twice before getting a shark. Owning a shark is not like owning a guppy. They are saltwater creatures and therefore require a lot of special care. So start simple and work your way up to shark owner status.

If it smells like shark and is called a shark…

…it must be a shark, right. Not correct! There are many freshwater fish that are referred to as “shark”. These may be really cool and amazing fish, but they’re definitely not sharks, so research carefully. Fish that are commonly mistaken for sharks include the bala shark, red-tailed shark, rainbow shark, and iridescent shark.

Finding the Right Shark (for Life!)

There are many popular sharks to choose from. However, we must reiterate the importance of researching your desired shark species. A lot of sharks get really, really big! This means they are not suitable for the average sized home aquarium. (No problem for the handovers. You can afford to put a tank the size of a swimming pool in your mansion, which is better for taking care of your enemies anyway, à la James Bond villains.) For example , The nurse shark is popular but usually grows too large for most home aquariums (up to 14 feet!).

Our top three tips for pet sharks:

#3 The Wobbegong

Aside from having pretty much the coolest name ever, this is a good shark for a home aquarium… but only if you can get certain species. Many of the large species in this family can grow up to 10 feet long!

Typically found off the coasts of Australia and Indonesia, the wobbegong belong to the carpet shark family and are therefore classified based on the carpet-like markings on their bodies.

The Wobbegong also has a slow metabolism and is quite fond of sitting at the bottom of its tank and hanging around. It also feeds about twice a week, meaning it’s a fairly low-maintenance species of pet shark.

If you want to have one as a pet, the best small wobbegong species (say it out loud, it’s fun) are the tassel wobbegong and Ward’s wobbegong.

#2 The Bamboo Shark

The bamboo shark family itself includes seven different species, including the brown-banded, spotted, and white-spotted bamboo sharks. They are mainly found in the Indo-West Pacific and have a pair of fairly dexterous fins that allow them to walk on the seabed or in your tank…

Although the bamboo shark gets along well with other fish, you probably shouldn’t add other fish to the tank that are large enough to look like an appetizing treat for the shark. Because the bamboo shark gets hungrier than its sluggish wobbegong friend. However, if you feed it fishy delicacies like shrimp, fish, and squid a few times a day, all should be fine.

Also, a bamboo shark should only be placed in a large aquarium, as this family of sharks prefers plenty of swimming space – often at night since they are nocturnal.

#1 The epaulette

This is pretty much the most popular of all shark pets. And why not? He’s a handsome fellow: lean, sleek, agile (great for maneuvering around the coral branches found in his natural habitat) and proudly sporting – among others on his body – two large dark spots above his pectoral fins resembling the fancy ones Epaulettes on military uniforms, hence its rather unusual name.

An Australian shark, the epaulette makes a great pet shark as it likes tight spaces. This makes them feel safe.

As a bottom feeder, the epaulette also prefers wide, open aquariums with a sandy bottom. And like many other sharks, the epaulette often fasts for a few weeks before feasting. And yes, they enjoy a nice shrimp, although probably not on the “Barbie”. Raw shrimp in their tank is more than adequate.

—–

So there you have it. Some information on the top three pet sharks out there. Remember, research, research, research and more research. Sharks are majestic creatures and need a home they can comfortably grow into. Much luck!

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A new and impractical status symbol is on the rise among California’s super-rich: pet sharks.

The cartilaginous fish are gaining popularity as mansion accessories across Southern California, the Wall Street Journal reported this week, while Patch.com recently dubbed shark tanks “LA’s newest real estate must-have.”

The huge tanks required to house the sharks can reportedly cost anywhere from $15,000 to $1 million.

MORE: Texas police say man kidnapped shark by disguising it as a baby

Sharks are unsuited to life in captivity for many reasons, not the least of which is that some species must swim continuously or stop breathing and die. But that’s not stopping determined rich folk, one of whom told the Journal that she simply bought more sharks when the leopard shark she bought for her palatial LA-area mansion perished in a heatwave.

California has a variety of hyper-specific animal laws, but it’s apparently legal to own some species of shark, although it’s illegal to sell body parts from sharks native to California, according to the California Department of Fish and Wildlife. Owning and selling shark fins is illegal in California, as is owning freshwater sharks.

ALSO: Video shows a great white shark attacking kayakers in Monterey

Physician and real estate developer Ario Fakheri told the Journal the shark was “one of the sexiest animals out there.”

Most people see “Jaws” and think, “Huh, maybe I should think twice about getting in the water this summer.” Facheri had a different takeaway: he wanted to own the shark.

“Now you control them,” he said. “It’s a payback.”

He’s currently listing his Hollywood Hills home for $35 million, a price tag that includes not only a cigar lounge and tequila freezer, but also a 300-gallon indoor pool complete with eight sharks.

A real estate agent for the property, Sam Real, told Curbed that the hound sharks currently in the pond will soon outgrow the site. When that happens, there’s a contract with an aquarium specialist to put them in an aquarium and replace them with younger, smaller hunting sharks, which seems like a great use of everyone’s time.

A shark of your own can be an enticing prospect, but alongside expensive aquariums, owners say they spend thousands each month on krill, and that still doesn’t eliminate sharks’ propensity to eat their smaller aquarium mates.

Oddly enough, you can buy foot-length sharks for a few hundred dollars on Ebay (often with free shipping!) — one California-based seller is so popular that each of his shark listings is viewed several times an hour.

“We are not responsible for any deaths that may occur during the acclimatization process, aggression within tank mates, or poor water quality!” reads the not entirely reassuring disclaimer.

Filipa Ioannou is a SFGATE author. Email her at [email protected] and follow her on Twitter

So you want to keep a shark

Author: Bob Goemans

Whether you’re a diver, snorkeler, or casual swimmer, the thought of coming face-to-face with a shark has crossed your mind.

Scary Sharks

I was born and raised in the Long Island area of ​​New York where I have spent countless hours swimming the waters of Amityville. The iconic film Jaws – which celebrates the 40th anniversary of its release this year – forever linked this area with sharks in popular imagination. In fact, I still remember lifting my feet off the floor of the movie showroom during one of his scarier scenes.

I can also remember snorkeling in the very murky South China Sea when I was startled out of the water after a large animal brushed against my submerged body. I just think “Hai!” prompted me to walk a quarter mile along exposed reef tops to get back to shore.

And to be completely honest, sharks are not one of my favorite subjects. I’m also not overly impressed with seeing them in a home aquarium, unless the enclosure is dedicated solely to keeping them – and it would have to be quite large to serve that purpose.

However, people of all ages keep asking me about sharks. I have often spent many hours trying to find answers to seemingly simple questions. In this article I will try to answer these many questions and clear up some misconceptions about the powerful creatures that have fascinated and terrified us for centuries. I will also highlight a few species that might be good choices for aquarists considering keeping them.

Shark Facts

cartilage framework

Animals of the Chondrichthyes class, which includes sharks, are distinguished by three main characteristics: they do not have a “bony” skeleton, but an internal framework of cartilage; they have between five and seven gill slits; and their pectoral fins are not fused to their heads.

Unique scales

There are many unique characteristics of sharks that set them apart from other fish. Sharks do not have scales made up of overlapping plates. Instead, their scales are small tubercles that result in a sandpaper-like skin.

No swim bladder

Also, sharks don’t have swim bladders. They must swim to maintain their height in the water column. Also intriguing is the fact that the leading edge of their pectoral fins tilts upwards to give them lift while swimming, much like the wings of an airplane work in the air.

Interchangeable teeth

Their teeth are not embedded in their jaws, but are arranged in rows that grow continuously forward, so the back teeth eventually replace worn or lost front teeth.

size range

Sharks don’t have a uniform average size; they come in all shapes and sizes. The smallest is the dwarf shark (Squaliolus laticaudus), which grows to around 20cm long, while the largest is the whale shark (Rhincodon typus), which grows to around 15m in length.

freshwater sharks

Most are found in salt water, particularly in oceans. However, there are some freshwater species. Most sharks are cold-blooded, adopting the temperature of the surrounding water. Depending on the species, their preferred temperature ranges from arctic to tropical.

Frequently asked questions about sharks

Are all sharks harmful?

This is the most common question that comes my way. In reality, most people are harmless to them. In the rare case of an attack, it is usually a case of mix-up.

Can sharks hear?

Sharks don’t hear like we do, but they do have inner ears in which a fluid-filled membranous labyrinth detects sound and pressure waves. A change in direction or displacement of the water by an external force is sensed by sensory hair cells in the membrane, which then send signals to the brain. This is how sharks maintain their position and balance in the water column.

As with bony fish, sharks have a lateral line on either side of their body, running from the tail to the head. It detects vibrations in the water column and sometimes directs them to an injured fish (i.e., its next meal). Biologists have found that when humans dive in the presence of sharks, the fish can actually hear their heartbeats underwater.

Can sharks smell?

When it comes to a shark’s sense of smell, “nose knows” is my preferred way of saying it. Their nostrils (noses) have cells that detect chemicals in the water. In fact, they’re so sensitive, it’s said they can only detect one part blood in a million parts water!

Do sharks have eyelids?

Sharks don’t have eyelids, so they can’t close their eyes. However, some have what is called a nictitating membrane, which can cover and protect the eye when feeding.

Can sharks drown?

Sharks can drown if water doesn’t flow over their gills, where oxygen from the water is processed. Those that swim constantly sometimes do so in a sleep-like state, and some bottom-dwelling sharks slip into a hibernation phase while resting at lower depths. In addition, many are suffocated in gillnets or longlines, where they can account for a large percentage of bycatch (untargeted species collected by commercial fishermen).

hunter and hunted

A shark’s natural lifespan is still based on guesswork, but some live to be close to 100 years, like the dogfish (Squalus acanthias). Although notorious as predators, they are also hunted themselves. Barracuda, grouper, killer whales and swordfish are among their natural enemies.

And let’s not forget to include human predators. Many sharks are hunted for food, and their main threat comes in the form of finning. In China, shark fin soup is prepared as a delicacy. They are caught, their fins removed, and thrown back into the sea to die. It is estimated that humans kill between 80 and 100 million sharks annually.

When it comes to what sharks eat, almost anything alive they can get in their mouths would be a reasonable answer, including other sharks, seabirds, turtles, shrimp, clams, sea lions, dolphins, and dying whales. However, they rarely eat dead meat unless it is fresh (and only when necessary), and months can sometimes elapse between reasonable meals.

Sharks in the hobby

When it comes to shark husbandry, the first consideration is tank size. Once a shark outgrows its enclosure, there is little to no interest – even in a public aquarium – in taking it out of your hands. Reintroduction is not an option and should not be considered.

Once the tank size is settled, biological filtration becomes a second factor to consider as sharks have unclean feeding habits and can produce copious amounts of waste. Trickle and canister filters are among the best types of equipment for maintaining adequate water quality. A quality protein skimmer would also help reduce some of this waste before it biodegrades, while also oxygenating the water.

Aquascaping is also a major concern as sharks require wide, open swimming areas with fine sandy bottoms to be properly housed. Feeding strategy is another factor that should be explored as these organisms use different methods to find and eat their prey.

Choosing a Shark

After learning about shark keeping, you will find those of the nine orders – Carcharhiniformes (ground sharks), Heterodontiformes (horn and sculpin sharks), Hexanchiformes (sixgill sharks), Orectolobiformes (carpet sharks), Lamniformes (trevally mackerel sharks), Pristiophoriformes (sawsharks). ), Squaliformes (spines and suction fish), Squatiniformes (angelsharks), and Rajiformes (sawfish, rays, and rays)—just two contain species that would interest marine aquarists. These occur in the orders Orectolobiformes and Carcharhiniformes.

The order Orectolobiformes has 7 families, 14 genera and about 32 species. Almost all members are bottom dwellers, mostly nocturnal and generally harmless to humans.

One of these families, Hemiscylliidae (bamboo sharks), has two genera, Chiloscyllium and Hemiscyllium, which often include imported species such as the banded shark (Chiloscyllium punctatum) and the epaulette shark (Hemiscyllium ocellatum). A close third could be the Indonesian carpet shark (H. freycineti), which looks quite similar to its cousin H. ocellatum.

The Epaulette Shark

The epaulette shark (H. ocellatum) is native to the western Pacific and lives in the areas of northern and western Australia (Queensland) and New Guinea. In the wild, it reaches about 42 inches (105 cm) in length. In captivity it often does not reach this length and can be much smaller at maturity.

The epaulette shark is a nocturnal creature that lives on lower reef walls, reef flats, and coral lagoons. It feeds on shrimp, worms and crabs by digging them out of the sandy bottom areas. This species requires a minimum of a 200 gallon (757 liters) aquarium and should be fed fresh seafood three times a week. Shrimp, fish meat, crab, octopus, squid, sea urchins, squid, krill and scallops are suitable food for this shark. Small live marine fish are also good for the occasional dinner.

substrate

The aquarium housing should have a sandy bottom with large caves and/or rocky outcrops to hide under. Since this species digs to find its food, any large rock caves or ledges should be securely formed to prevent collapses.

filtration

A well filtered and well oxygenated system with few environmental obstacles is also required. Keep in mind that most sharks cannot be treated with heavy metal solutions like copper.

tankmates

Do not house the epaulette shark with large triggerfish, angelfish, wrasse or pufferfish as they can peck the shark and cause skin and/or eye damage. Although this is probably the best species of shark for the home aquarium, it is not a pet animal and will bite if provoked.

Carpet and Bamboo Sharks

The Indonesian carpet shark (H. freycineti), which resembles the epaulette, is also native to the western Pacific (Indonesia and Papua New Guinea) and reaches around 70 cm in length. The difference between them can sometimes be distinguished by the coloring around the eye depending on their age. The eye of H. ocellatum is outlined in white, that of H. freycineti is not. Otherwise, the same housing conditions apply.

Remaining in this family are two bamboo sharks—the white-spotted bamboo shark (C. plagiosum) and the brown-banded bamboo shark (C. punctatum)—which also make good choices for the home aquarium. The white-spotted bamboo shark is native to the Indo-West Pacific. In the wild, it reaches a length of about 95 cm, inhabits coastal coral reefs and is usually found in crevices and caves.

Reaching about 100 cm in length, the brown-banded bamboo shark inhabits waters stretching from Japan to northern Australia. The same husbandry conditions as mentioned above also apply to these two species, as their behavior and needs are the same. In fact, captive bred specimens are available, as are their eggs.

catsharks and wobbegongs

There are several catsharks in the order Carcharhiniformes, family Scyliorhinidae that are worth considering as their smaller size reduces the aquarium size required for their upkeep. One of these is the coral catshark (Atelomycterus marmoratus), which is native to the Indo-West Pacific and grows to only about 65cm in length.

Dogfish coloring

Color patterns vary depending on where the species originated. The coral catshark is another nocturnal shallow-water species that feeds on benthic invertebrates and small fish. Again, their stance is the same as previously mentioned.

wobbegongs

There is another shark that seems to interest some aquarists who can afford very large aquariums and that is the wobbegongs in the family Orectolobidae, order Orectolobiformes. These odd-looking sharks have a flattened body, a very broad head with long dumbbells, and flaps of skin around the mouth.

They range in size from 3 to 10 feet (1 to 3 m). These nocturnal sharks feed on octopus, squid, other sharks, crabs, shrimp, rays, fish and just about anything else they can find. Some species, like Eucrossorhinus dasypogon, would require a 1000 gallon (3785 liters) aquarium!

Although the wobbegong is quite intriguing in appearance, it is another species that is dormant during daylight hours, so the visual enjoyment one normally associates with keeping fish will be unfulfilled.

ORA Epaulette Shark pups are a new addition to the growing list of ORA aquaculture fish. The epaulette shark, Hemiscyllium ocellatum, is a benthic species of shark with a beautiful pattern of spots and a distinctive pair of large spots over their pectoral fins. This prominent marking is similar to the shoulder decor used on military uniforms to indicate rank, giving its common name the term “epaulette”. Adults reach a maximum size of 32 inches, making them an excellent choice for advanced aquarists looking to keep a shark.

Native to the shallow reefs of northern Australia and New Guinea, this species of shark has evolved exceptional adaptations to survive the harsh, swaying environment of tide pools and coral flats. When the tide goes out and isolated pools of water form, the epaulette shark uses their borders as easy hunting grounds. In a movement similar to land-based amphibians, epaulettes can use their paired pectoral and pelvic fins as arms and legs to move around coral and rock formations. They can also tolerate high temperatures and very low oxygen levels as exposed tide pools become increasingly inhospitable.

We consider the epaulette shark to be purely an expert animal. They must be provided with a low-stress environment with limited interruptions, an easy-to-consume diet with multivitamin supplementation, and excellent water quality. Despite their relatively small size and relaxed demeanor, a full-size Epaulette must be housed in a minimum 200-gallon tank with carefully selected tankmates. We strongly encourage anyone wishing to keep a shark to do thorough research on the species before purchasing. This is a long-term commitment!

Our epaulette parents came to ORA in 2013 as large hatchlings and took several years to reach sexual maturity. First housed in a round 15 foot fiberglass tank with a coarse sand substrate, they gained even more space as they continued to grow and now live in a 15 foot by 25 foot canal with sand and structures for shelter. They eat a large amount of vitamin-enriched squid and shrimp three times a week.

For more information and photos, see the species’ profile page.

family of fish

For additional species named “dogfish” see Dogfish (disambiguation)

Catsharks are bottom sharks in the Scyliorhinidae family. They are one of the largest shark families with around 160 species in 17 genera.[2] Although commonly known as catsharks, some species may also be called catsharks based on previous names.[3] However, a catshark can generally be distinguished from a catshark because catsharks lay eggs while catsharks have live young.[3] Like most bottom feeders, catsharks feed on benthic invertebrates and smaller fish. They are not harmful to humans.[3]

genera [edit]

The family includes 17 genera and over 150 species,[1] making it the largest family of sharks.[4]

Cladogram [ edit ]

Scyliorhinidae Scyliorhininae Galeinae Pentanchini Galeini Galeina Halelaelurina Atelomycterininae Schroedericthyinae

Anatomy and appearance[edit]

Catsharks can be distinguished by their elongated, cat-like eyes and two small, well set back dorsal fins. Most species are fairly small, not exceeding 80 cm (31 in) in length; Some, like the Nursehound (Scyliorhinus stellaris), can reach 1.6 m (5.2 ft) in length. Most species have a patterned appearance ranging from stripes to spots to spots.

Characteristics of the genus Apristurus are mostly dark bodies and a long anal fin that ends where the lower caudal fin begins. Apristurus species have flat snouts. They also exhibit upper and lower lip ridges.

Sonic Hedgehog Dentition Expression is first found as a bilateral symmetrical pattern and is found in specific areas of the embryonic jaw.[5] Sonic hedgehog (a secreted protein encoded by the SHH gene in humans) is involved in the growth and structuring of various organs.[6] Teeth are replaced every 18–38 days, as is a common feature of shark developmental processes.

The “swelling sharks” of the genus Cephaloscyllium have the remarkable ability to fill their stomachs with water or air when threatened and increase their volume by a factor of one to three.

Some catsharks, such as the chain catsharks, are biofluorescent.[7][8][9]

Distribution[ edit ]

Catsharks are found worldwide on seabeds in temperate and tropical seas, from very shallow tidal waters to depths of 2,000 m (6,600 ft) or more, like members of the Apristurus genus [10]. The redspotted catshark lives in the shallower rocky waters from Peru to Chile and migrates to deeper waters in winter.[11] They are usually confined to small areas. Juvenile and adult chain sharks live on the soft or rocky bottom of the Atlantic from Massachusetts to Nicaragua. Adults tend to live on the soft, sandy bottoms, possibly due to their need for oviposition sites.[12]

behavior [edit]

Some catsharks do not make long-distance migrations because they are poor swimmers. Because they are nocturnal, some species sleep close together in rock crevices during the day and then hunt at night.[2] Some species, such as the lesser spotted dogfish Scyliorhinus canicula, are sexually monomorphic and exhibit habitat segregation, with males and females living in separate areas. Males tend to live on open ocean floors while females tend to live in caves.[13] Some catshark species can deposit egg shells in structured habitats that can also serve as nurseries for the newly hatched sharks.[12]

reproduction[ edit ]

Dogfish Egg (Mermaid’s Purse)

Many species of catsharks, such as the chain shark, are oviparous, laying their eggs on the seabed for protection in sturdy eggshells with curly tendrils at each end, known as “mermaid purses.”[14] It takes almost a year for a dogfish to hatch from an egg. Instead of laying the eggs and letting them sit for a year, some species of catsharks hold the eggs until a few months before the shark hatches. Some catsharks exhibit ovoviviparity, aplacental livebearers by holding the embryos until they are fully developed and then giving birth live.[2] Some species of catsharks mate by biting and holding the female’s pectoral fins and wrestling her into a mating position.

Aquariums [ edit ]

The Australian marbled dogfish, Atelomycterus macleayi, is a preferred species for home aquariums because it rarely exceeds 60 cm (24 in) in length.[4]

description

The marbled dogfish or coral dogfish is considered a “true dogfish” with a long, slender body and a narrow head. It is a bottom feeder found in northern Australia. At 24 inches in adult size, this shark is the smallest one has ever encountered. The marbled dogfish is considered a good aquarium choice. It is hardy and easy to care for, but will require a spacious marine aquarium to house it when it reaches its adult size.

Natural foods include snails and clams with smaller amounts of crab, shrimp and small fish. The marbled catshark or coral catshark can be kept with other fish and is usually fine with smaller fish that could be eaten. They usually only try to eat fish that are either dying or distressed.