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Prevent XSS Attacks. Escape Strings in PHP
Prevent XSS Attacks. Escape Strings in PHP


php – When used correctly, is htmlspecialchars sufficient for protection against all XSS? – Stack Overflow

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php - When used correctly, is htmlspecialchars sufficient for protection against all XSS? - Stack Overflow
php – When used correctly, is htmlspecialchars sufficient for protection against all XSS? – Stack Overflow

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PHP: htmlspecialchars – Manual

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about PHP: htmlspecialchars – Manual htmlspecialchars — Convert special characters to HTML entities … if your goal is just to protect your page from Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attack, … …
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PHP: htmlspecialchars - Manual
PHP: htmlspecialchars – Manual

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Prevent XSS Attacks. Escape Strings in PHP

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Prevent XSS Attacks. Escape Strings in PHP As illustrated in the veo above, you prevent XSS attacks by escaping your output using htmlspecialchars() or htmlentities(). Both PHP … …
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Prevent XSS Attacks. Escape Strings in PHP
Prevent XSS Attacks. Escape Strings in PHP

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Cross-site scripting in PHP Web Applications

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Cross-site scripting in PHP Web Applications
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How to prevent XSS with HTML/PHP ? – GeeksforGeeks

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XSS attack to bypass htmlspecialchars() function in value attribute

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    > … We can’t simply put a tag, or a javascript:alert(); call, … …
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    > … We can’t simply put a tag, or a javascript:alert(); call, … Let’s say we have this form, and the possible part for a user to inject malicious code is this belowHTML, Python, CSS, SQL, JavaScript, How to, PHP, Java, C++, jQuery, Bootstrap, C#, Colors, W3.CSS, XML, MySQL, Icons, NodeJS, React, Graphics, Angular, R, AI, Git, Data Science, Code Game, Tutorials, Programming, Web Development, Training, Learning, Quiz, Courses, Lessons, References, Examples, Source code, Demos, Tips
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When used correctly, is htmlspecialchars sufficient for protection against all XSS?

htmlspecialchars() is enough to prevent document-creation-time HTML injection with the limitations you state (ie no injection into tag content/unquoted attribute).

However there are other kinds of injection that can lead to XSS and:

There are no Code language: PHP ( php )

The website will store this comment in the database and display it in the comments section. When legitimate users access the page, it’ll redirect the users to a malicious website.

To prevent XSS attacks, you should always escape the string from unknown sources such as user inputs. To escape a string for output, you use the htmlspecialchars() function.

Introduction to the PHP htmlspecialchars() function

The htmlspecialchars() function covnerts special characters into HTML entities:

htmlspecialchars ( string $string , int $flags = ENT_COMPAT , string| null $encoding = null , bool $double_encode = true ) : string Code language: PHP ( php )

The htmlspecialchars() function accepts an input string ($string) and returns the new string with the special characters converted into HTML entities.

The following table shows the special characters that the htmlspecialchars() function will convert to HTML entities:

Character Name Replacement & Ampersand & " Double quote " , unless ENT_NOQUOTES is set ' Single quote ' (for ENT_HTML401 flag) or ' (for ENT_XML1 , ENT_XHTML or ENT_HTML5 flag), but only when ENT_QUOTES flag is set < Less than < > Greater than >

The $flag is a bitmask of one or more flags that controls how the function handles the special characters.

The $encoding specifies which encoding that the function should use when converting characters.

PHP htmlspecialchars() function example

The following example shows how to display a string on a page without escaping:

$comment = "" ; echo $comment; Code language: PHP ( php )

If you run the code on a web browser, you’ll see an alert message.

To escape the $comment string, you use the htmlspecialchars() function as follows:

$comment = '' ; echo htmlspecialchars($comment); Code language: PHP ( php )

Now, you’ll see the following string on the webpage instead:

Code language: PHP ( php )

When you view the source of the page, you’ll see the following code:

Summary

XSS stands for cross-site scripting, which is a type of attack that a hacker injects malicious client code into a web page’s output.

Use the PHP htmlspecialchars() function to convert special characters to HTML entities.

function to convert special characters to HTML entities. Always escape a string before displaying it on a webpage using the htmlspecialchars() function to prevent XSS attacks.

PHP: htmlspecialchars

if your goal is just to protect your page from Cross Site Scripting (XSS) attack, or just to show HTML tags on a web page (showing on the page, for example), then using htmlspecialchars() is good enough and better than using htmlentities(). A minor point is htmlspecialchars() is faster than htmlentities(). A more important point is, when we use htmlspecialchars($s) in our code, it is automatically compatible with UTF-8 string. Otherwise, if we use htmlentities($s), and there happens to be foreign characters in the string $s in UTF-8 encoding, then htmlentities() is going to mess it up, as it modifies the byte 0x80 to 0xFF in the string to entities like é. (unless you specifically provide a second argument and a third argument to htmlentities(), with the third argument being "UTF-8").

The reason htmlspecialchars($s) already works with UTF-8 string is that, it changes bytes that are in the range 0x00 to 0x7F to < etc, while leaving bytes in the range 0x80 to 0xFF unchanged. We may wonder whether htmlspecialchars() may accidentally change any byte in a 2 to 4 byte UTF-8 character to < etc. The answer is, it won't. When a UTF-8 character is 2 to 4 bytes long, all the bytes in this character is in the 0x80 to 0xFF range. None can be in the 0x00 to 0x7F range. When a UTF-8 character is 1 byte long, it is just the same as ASCII, which is 7 bit, from 0x00 to 0x7F. As a result, when a UTF-8 character is 1 byte long, htmlspecialchars($s) will do its job, and when the UTF-8 character is 2 to 4 bytes long, htmlspecialchars($s) will just pass those bytes unchanged. So htmlspecialchars($s) will do the same job no matter whether $s is in ASCII, ISO-8859-1 (Latin-1), or UTF-8.

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