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http://bit.ly/1EAjCxD – Thomas Kasten, Product Marketing Manager for Systems+Solutions at Pepperl+Fuchs, explains the features of the explosion protection type flameproof Ex d. With Ex d, potential ignition sources are contained inside a sturdy enclosure, the surrounding environment is never in danger. Just about anything can be installed in such an enclosure. But the maintenance is very arduous. The solution: a combination of Ex d with an Ex e termination and control unit. The benefits of those Ex de solutions are demonstrated in the video, too.
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Ex d Flameproof | Explosive Atmospheres & Explosion Proof …
Ex d or Flameproof means that an enclosure or junction box is manufactured and certified as explosion proof according to explosion protection concepts.
Source: www.heatingandprocess.com
Date Published: 1/10/2022
View: 8203
Ex e vs. Ex d: Which Protection Method Is Right for You?
Ex d – luminaires approved to this standard must be able to safely contain an explosion, and the accompanying pressure that develops. They must …
Source: www.raytecled.com
Date Published: 3/16/2022
View: 8043
Enclosures (Ex d, Ex e) – Pepperl+Fuchs
Reliable explosion protection for all kinds of control solutions, from terminal boxes to complex distribution panels, is guaranteed by the aluminum enclosure …
Source: www.pepperl-fuchs.com
Date Published: 9/14/2021
View: 2695
What is an Ex d Enclosure? – Extronics UK
An Ex d enclosure is designed to contain an explosion and stop any flames, sparks, and hot gases from escaping into the surrounding atmosphere …
Source: www.extronics.com
Date Published: 6/21/2022
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주제에 대한 기사 평가 ex d protection
- Author: Pepperl+Fuchs Group
- Views: 조회수 75,400회
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- Date Published: 2015. 1. 28.
- Video Url link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5mHU6_UVHj0
Ex d Flameproof | Explosive Atmospheres & Explosion Proof Protection Concepts
Ex d Flameproof | Explosive Atmospheres & Explosion Proof Protection Concepts
Ex d Flameproof
Ex d or Flameproof means that an enclosure or junction box is manufactured and certified as explosion proof according to explosion protection concepts.
The Flameproof classification is a type of protection in which the parts that can ignite in an explosive atmosphere are placed within an enclosure that can withstand the force created and pressure developed during an internal explosion. Therefore if an explosion should occur inside of the enclosure, it will either be contained within or any escaping flames would be cooled by the flame path. This reduces the risk of igniting an external explosive atmosphere.
Other hazardous area equipment that can be designated as Ex d or flameproof, for example a flameproof cable gland, is designed in a way that it will maintain the Ex d integrity of any flameproof enclosure to which it is fitted.
This method of explosion protection also prevents the external hazardous atmosphere from entering the enclosure and coming into contact with equipment.
Explosive Atmospheres &
Explosion Protection Concepts
💡 Thorne & Derrick, Specialist Suppliers & Stockists of Electrical and Process Instrumentation Equipment for installation in hazardous area location can assist with your project requirements. Know your Ex Concepts:
ELECTRICAL & PROCESS INSTRUMENTATION EQUIPMENT
FOR EXPLOSIVE ATMOSPHERES
For further technical information see | Hazardous Area Zones
Ex d Flameproof Equipment
Thorne & Derrick are Specialist Distributors of Hazardous Area & Explosion Proof Equipment with IECEx & ATEX Certifications to the onshore and offshore oil, gas, petrochemicals and process industries.
Key Product Categories: Control Panels | Plugs & Sockets | Isolators | Enclosures & Junction Boxes | Lighting | Control Stations | Motor Starters | Heat Trace Cables & Systems | Gas Detection & Detectors | Fire Detection & Detectors | Heat Detectors | Electrical Heating & Heaters
Ex e vs. Ex d: Which Protection Method Is Right for You?
When specifying a luminaire for use in a hazardous area, one of the most important things to consider is certification. In simple terms, the luminaire needs to be approved to an appropriate level, based on the environment in which it is being installed. If your site has been designated as Zone 1 hazardous area, you will need to specify a luminaire which has been approved to Zone 1 standards.
Beyond this, it’s also important to look at the method of protection used during certification; this can have a significant impact on how the luminaire has been designed. While there are various different protection methods, two are particular common in Ex luminaires; Ex e ‘increased safety’, and Ex d ‘flameproof’;
Ex e – luminaires approved to this standard are designed to be cool running and prevent arcs, sparks and hotspots from occurring. In short, this protection method is focused on preventing the risk of explosion by ensuring an ignition source cannot arise.
Ex d – luminaires approved to this standard must be able to safely contain an explosion, and the accompanying pressure that develops. They must prevent any fire or sparks from escaping the enclosure and into the surrounding explosive environments. This protection method is therefore focused on containment rather than prevention.
With a basic understanding of the principles behind these protection methods, we’ll now look in detail at how this dictates the way a luminaire can be designed, and how that impacts an end user.
Ease of Maintenance
One of the main differences (between luminaires certified using Ex e or Ex d standards) is how easy they are to maintain.
Ex d luminaires are designed using flamepaths. The flamepaths are essential to the luminaire’s Ex certification, extinguishing flames before they can escape into the external environment. To maintain a suitable flame gap, a number of bolts (tightened to a specific torque) are used. These must be removed in order to gain access to internal components for maintenance procedures.
Not only does this make maintenance more time consuming, it also makes it more complicated for the person carrying out the maintenance. They must be careful to ensure the correct flame gap is retained when the housing is put back together. Failure to do so could invalidate the Ex certification.
With Ex e protection there is no requirement to use flamepaths, meaning these problems are eradicated and the luminaire can be much easier to maintain.
Ease of Installation
Another drawback of trying to ‘contain’ an explosion is the way in which a luminaires housing must be designed; it must be suitably thick to contain an explosion, and the pressure that comes with it. An Ex d luminaire therefore tends to be bigger, bulkier, and heavier than a comparable Ex e fitting. By being lighter and more compact, Ex e luminaires are easier to install and maintain. When designed using strong materials, such as aluminum or stainless steel, they can still retain high levels of durability and robustness.
Temperature Ratings & Gas Groups
Due to changes in the property of a gas or vapor at low temperatures, most Ex d luminaires are not suitable for installation in areas below -20° C. Because Ex e luminaires are designed to prevent an ignition source occurring (rather than preventing gases from entering or escaping), they are likely to have a much wider temperature rating. Of course, you should always check the temperature rating of any piece of ATEX equipment, but having this understanding should help to make specifying easier.
Further to this, if your application requires equipment which is certified for IIC gas groups, it may be difficult to find a suitable Ex d luminaire. Because the gases in the IIC gas group are deemed highest in risk, an Ex d fitting must use tighter flame gaps (which are more complex to manufacture). For this reason, fewer Ex d fittings exist which are approved for IIC applications, and those that do tend to be expensive and even more difficult to maintain.
Wireless Technology
Introducing new technology into hazardous areas is always a challenge, but we are beginning to see the emergence of smart / IoT enabled luminaires (as is more common in industrial and commercial markets).
As we identified earlier, an Ex d luminaire’s housing must be suitably thick to contain an explosion, and the pressure that comes with it. Much like it can be difficult to achieve a good Wi-Fi signal in a house with thick walls, an Ex d housing may not be the best solution for wireless technology. In contrast, with the Ex e protection method, there is far more scope to integrate this kind of technology into the luminaire.
If you need help specifying an Ex luminaire, email our experts at [email protected] (Raytec Global) or [email protected] (Raytec Americas).
Enclosures (Ex d, Ex e)
Our enclosure series form the basis for the design of control and distribution solutions for hazardous areas: from small terminal boxes through control stations to sophisticated control and distribution panels for complex machinery and major applications.
Appropriately certified operating elements covering various control functions can be integrated. Thus, users benefit from the huge variety of electrical or process automation functions which can be utilized in critical industrial applications.
What is an Ex d Enclosure?
An Ex d enclosure is designed to contain an explosion and stop any flames, sparks, and hot gases from escaping into the surrounding atmosphere should an internal explosion occur. In addition, an Ex d enclosure protects the fitted equipment against external moisture, dirt, dust, or water.
The enclosure may house equipment such as, contactors, relays, power supplies, transformers, radio devices and other electrical equipment with potentially hot surfaces.
Sometimes referred to as ‘flameproof’ or “explosion-proof”, an Ex d enclosure includes what is known as a flame path. The flame path design can vary depending on the construction of the Ex d enclosure system.
Flame Path
Flame paths are gaps within the enclosure that, if an internal explosion occurs, ensure that by the time the flame has reached the end of the flame path it has been starved of oxygen or cooled down to such an extent that nothing but air propagates from the explosion. The flame never escapes the enclosure and so cannot ignite an ambient gas.
Ex d enclosures can be considered explosion-proof or flameproof. Some flameproof boxes have flame paths that operate surface to surface, like a flange touching a joint, whereas others like a typical IIC gas group enclosure have a lid that screws into the body of the enclosure. In these enclosures, the flame path is in the thread, forcing the flame to move in and out of the thread before it can reach the outside atmosphere. In this design, the thread quenches the flame.
The flameproof protection concept works on the premise that it is not attempting to prevent gas or oxygen from penetrating everywhere in an environment. It instead looks to contain a resulting explosion from gas and oxygen that penetrates the enclosure.
This means that standard pieces of electronics, including wireless technology, can be placed within an Ex d enclosure in a hazardous area without the need for further costly certifications provided the manufacturer of the wireless hardware meets the conditions of the enclosure solution.
Clauses/Considerations
While Ex d it is a go-to standard for placing equipment in hazardous areas, it isn’t an intrinsically safe solution, and there are still considerations to make about the general equipment housed within it and the standards they need to comply with. For example, ensuring the dissipated power is within the allowed limits to achieve the required T-Class
When looking to purchase an Ex d enclosure it is important to consider the relevant tests/inspections that should be carried out. These are documented in EN / IEC 60079-0 (general requirements) and in EN / IEC 60079-1 for the “flameproof” (pressure-tight encapsulation) type of ignition protection.
One such aspect to factor in when considering your equipment is the volume taken up by the equipment within the enclosure itself. The enclosure needs to have a certain amount of free cross-sectional area. The less free volume inside the enclosure, the more amplified the explosion could become inside the available free space (due to pressure piling) and therefore the pressure of that explosion will increase.
iWAP107: Ex d enclosure
Application Examples
Its commonplace to find Ex d enclosures in zone 2 areas where other more specialised setups would be considered too time-consuming or expensive to develop and certify specially.
For equipment that cannot be certified as increased safety, intrinsically safe or to any other protection concepts, such as motor starters with large contactors that could cause a spark, an Ex d enclosure is a standard solution for housing such a piece of equipment that, were it to cause an explosion, would contain that explosion within the enclosure.
Ex d Enclosures – A Cost-Effective Solution
Because of the nature of the certifications Ex d enclosures hold, it is one of the go-to standards of protection concepts for hazardous areas, allowing for installations of effectively any equipment needed.
Many of the vendors and manufacturers that supply these enclosures provide almost universal or very flexible certificates against the 60079-1 flameproof standard. The flexibility and lack of requirement for further certification for the equipment being housed can make it cost-effective
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