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Parathyroids | Endocrine Glands – Histology Guide
Each sle is shown with additional information to its right. … The parathyro glands are located on the four poles of the thyro. Parathyro hormone …
Source: histologyguide.com
Date Published: 6/23/2021
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What is parathyroid gland and its function?
Function of the parathyroid glands
Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a key role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Precise calcium levels are important in the human body, since small changes can cause muscle and nerve problems.
What are the 4 parathyroid glands?
What are Parathyroid Glands? Parathyroid glands are four small glands of the endocrine system which regulate the calcium in our bodies. Parathyroid glands are located in the neck behind the thyroid where they continuously monitor and regulate blood calcium levels.
Where the parathyroid gland is located?
The parathyroid glands are small pea-sized glands located in the neck just behind the butterfly-shaped thyroid gland. Most people have four parathyroid glands, with two parathyroid glands lying behind each ‘wing’ of the thyroid gland.
What is the size of a parathyroid gland?
There are typically four parathyroid glands located near the thyroid gland. Each parathyroid gland is normally about the size of a grain of rice (about 3-5 millimeters in diameter and 30 – 60 milligrams in weight).
What is the structure of parathyroid gland?
The parathyroid glands are four nodular structures, typically located on the dorsum of the thyroid at each of its four poles. These glands monitor the serum calcium level and secrete parathyroid hormone (PTH) when it is low.
Which is a characteristic of the parathyroid gland?
The parathyroid gland has a discrete, encapsulated, and smooth surface as opposed to the more lobular surface of the thyroid; the lymph nodes have a more mottled and pitted surface. The parathyroid gland is softer to palpation than thyroid or nodal tissue.
How can you distinguish between thyroid and parathyroid tissue?
…
Difference between Thyroid and Parathyroid.
| Thyroid | Parathyroid |
|---|---|
| It is large in size | It is small in size |
| Only one thyroid gland is present which has two lobes connected by isthmus | Four parathyroid glands are present, two in each lobe of thyroid gland |
What causes parathyroid?
It is often caused by a growth (typically noncancerous) on a gland or overactivity of one or more parathyroid glands. In rare cases, parathyroid cancer or genetic disorders (such as multiple endocrine neoplasia and familial isolated hyperparathyroidism) may cause overactivity.
What are parathyroid glands made of?
Humans usually have four parathyroid glands, each composed of closely packed epithelial cells separated by thin fibrous bands and some fat cells. The parathyroid glands secrete parathormone (also called parathyroid hormone), which functions to maintain normal serum calcium and phosphate concentrations.
What is parathyroid hormone level?
Normal values are 10 to 55 picograms per milliliter (pg/mL). Normal value ranges may vary slightly among different laboratories.
How many parathyroid glands are present?
There are normally four individual parathyroids, though supernumerary parathyroids have been found in up to 13% of autopsies[1]. There are two glands located superiorly called the superior parathyroid gland and a pair that are located inferiorly- referred to as the inferior parathyroid glands.
What is the most common cell in the parathyroid gland?
The chief cells are much more prevalent in the parathyroid gland than the oxyphil cells. It is perceived that oxyphil cells may be derived from chief cells at puberty, as they are not present at birth like chief cells.
What happens if parathyroid hormone is high?
In primary hyperparathyroidism, one or more of the parathyroid glands is overactive. As a result, the gland makes too much parathyroid hormone (PTH). Too much PTH causes calcium levels in your blood to rise too high, which can lead to health problems such as bone thinning and kidney stones.
What is the difference between thyroid and parathyroid?
The thyroid gland uses iodine from food to make two thyroid hormones that regulate the way the body uses energy. The parathyroid glands are four tiny glands located behind the thyroid gland. The parathyroid glands produce a substance (parathyroid hormone) that helps control the amount of calcium in the blood.
What happens if all parathyroid glands are removed?
Only one half functioning parathyroid gland is needed for calcium control. If all four parathyroid glands were injured or removed during surgery, the blood calcium levels can become lower than normal.
What is the function of parathyroid gland Class 10?
The primary purpose of parathyroid glands is to regulate calcium in the blood in a very strict range between 9.0 and 10.1 mg/dL. Parathyroids also manage the amount of calcium in the bones and determine their strength.
The Parathyroid Glands
Anatomy of the parathyroid glands
The parathyroid glands are two pairs of small, oval-shaped glands. They are located next to the two thyroid gland lobes in the neck. Each gland is usually about the size of a pea.
Function of the parathyroid glands
Parathyroid glands produce parathyroid hormone, which plays a key role in the regulation of calcium levels in the blood. Precise calcium levels are important in the human body, since small changes can cause muscle and nerve problems.
The parathyroid hormone stimulates the following functions:
Parathyroid Gland Overview: Parathyroid Function, Parathyroid Location, Parathyroid Gland Disease.
Visit Us on Facebook Become a Patient Parathyroid Gland Introduction Learn about parathyroid glands, where they are located, and how parathyroid glands control calcium levels. Parathyroid function discussed and hyperparathyroidism introduced. The regulation of blood calcium is discussed along with the meaning of high blood calcium.
What are Parathyroid Glands?
Parathyroid glands are four small glands of the endocrine system which regulate the calcium in our bodies. Parathyroid glands are located in the neck behind the thyroid where they continuously monitor and regulate blood calcium levels.
What do Parathyroid Glands do?
Parathyroid glands control the calcium levels in our blood, in our bones, and throughout our body. Parathyroid glands regulate the calcium by producing a hormone called Parathyroid Hormone (PTH). Calcium is the most important element in our bodies (we use it to control many organ systems), so calcium is regulated more carefully than any other element. In fact, calcium is the only element with it’s own regulatory system — the parathyroid glands.
Where are Parathyroid Glands located?
Parathyroid glands (we all have 4 of them) are normally the size of a grain of rice. Occasionally they can be as large as a pea and still be normal. The four parathyroids are located behind the thyroid and are shown in this picture as the mustard yellow glands behind the pink thyroid gland. Normal parathyroid glands are the color of spicy yellow mustard. The light blue tube running up the center of the picture is the trachea (wind pipe). The voice box is the pink structure at the top of the picture sitting on top of the trachea. The carotid arteries are shown on both sides of the thyroid running from the heart up to the brain. NOTE: we are looking at the back side of the thyroid so we can see the parathyroid glands. Remember, the parathyroids are behind the thyroid. Also note that this drawing shows three small (normal) parathyroid glands and one big diseased one–this is the typical situation of a patient with parathyroid disease–one of the parathyroid glands grows into a tumor and makes too much hormone. If you have parathyroid disease, you very likely have 3 normal parathyroid glands the size of a grain of rice and one parathyroid tumor that is as big as an olive, grape, or even a walnut. If you have parathyroid disease (hyperparathyroidism) you will need an operation to remove the one parathyroid gland which has become a tumor. More about parathyroid disease on other pages…this page is about NORMAL parathyroid function. One more introductory note… We must make sure you understand that the thyroid and parathyroid are NOT related. Although they are neighbors and both are part of the endocrine system, the thyroid and parathyroid glands are otherwise unrelated–they do not have the same function–just similar and confusing names!
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The Role of Calcium in the Human Body… and how the Parathyroid Glands Control All Calcium Levels in our Bodies.
First a word about CALCIUM and what it does in our bodies. We use many elements in our bodies to perform all the different functions of life. Calcium is essential to life, and is used primarily for three things:
To provide the electrical energy for our nervous system. The most important thing that calcium does in the human body is provide the means for electrical impulses to travel along nerves. Calcium is what the nervous system of our body uses to conduct electricity. This is why the most common symptoms of parathyroid disease and high calcium levels are related to the nervous system (depression, weakness, tiredness, etc, etc). Much more about symptoms of parathyroid disease on another page. To provide the electrical energy for our muscular system. Just like the nerves in our bodies, our muscles use changes in calcium levels inside the cells to provide the energy to contract. When the calcium levels are not correct, people can feel weak and have muscle cramps. To provide strength to our skeletal system. Everyone knows that calcium is used to make our bones strong, but this is really only half the story. The bones themselves serve as the storage system that we use to make sure we will always have a good supply of calcium. Just like a bank vault where we constantly make deposits and withdrawals, we are constantly putting calcium into our bones, and constantly taking calcium out of our bones… all in small amounts… with the sole purpose of keeping our calcium levels in the blood at the correct level. Remember, the most important role of calcium is to provide for the proper functioning of our nervous system–not to provide strength to our bones–that is secondary.
Thus, calcium is the most closely regulated element in our bodies. In fact, calcium is the ONLY element / mineral that has its own regulatory system (the parathyroid glands). There are no other glands in our bodies that regulate any other element. Why? Because its our nervous system that separates us from all other plant and animal life–and calcium provides the electrical system for our nervous system. When our calcium levels get elevated (almost always due to a bad parathyroid gland), then we can have changes in our personality (typically noticed by our loved ones) and many other nervous-system symptoms (depression, etc). So, parathyroid disease is not just about osteoporosis and kidney stones, it is primarily about us feeling “normal” and enjoying life.
The Role of the Parathyroid Glands — to Regulate Calcium.
The ONLY purpose of the parathyroid glands is to regulate the calcium level in our bodies within a very narrow range so that the nervous and muscular systems can function properly. This is all they do. They measure the amount of calcium in the blood every minute of every day… and if the calcium levels go down a little bit, the parathyroid glands recognize it and make parathyroid hormone (PTH) which goes to the bones and takes some calcium out (makes a withdrawal from the calcium vault) and puts it into the blood. When the calcium in the blood is high enough, then the parathyroids shut down and stop making PTH.
The single major disease of parathyroid glands is over-activity of one or more of the parathyroids which make too much parathyroid hormone causing a potentially serious calcium imbalance (too high calcium in the blood). This is called hyperparathyroidism and this is the disease that this entire web site is about.
Parathyroid Quick Facts: There are 4 parathyroids glands. We all have 4 parathyroids glands.
Except in rare cases, parathyroid glands are in the neck behind the thyroid.
Parathyroids are NOT related to the thyroid (except they are neighbors in the neck).
The thyroid gland controls much of your body’s metabolism, but the parathyroid glands control body calcium. They have no relationship except they are neighbors.
Parathyroid glands make a hormone, called “Parathyroid Hormone”.
Doctors and labs abbreviate Parathyroid Hormone as “PTH”.
Just like calcium, PTH has a normal range in our blood…we can measure it to see how good or bad a job the parathyroid glands are doing.
All four parathyroid glands do the exact same thing.
Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in your blood.
Parathyroid glands control the amount of calcium in your bones.
You can easily live with one (or even 1/2) parathyroid gland.
Removing all 4 parathyroid glands will cause very bad symptoms of too little calcium (hyp O parathyroidism). HypOparathyroidism is the opposite of hypERparathyroidism and it is very rare… only one page of this entire site is about hypOparathyroid disease.
parathyroidism). HypOparathyroidism is the opposite of hypERparathyroidism and it is very rare… only one page of this entire site is about hypOparathyroid disease. When parathyroid glands go bad, it is just one gland that goes bad about 91% of the time–it just grows big (develops a benign tumor) and makes too much hormone. About 8% of the time people with hyperparathyroidism will have two bad glands. It is quite uncommon for 3 or 4 glands to go bad.
When one of your parathyroid glands go bad and makes too much hormone, the excess hormone goes to the bones and takes calcium out of the bones and puts it in your blood. It’s the high calcium in the blood that makes you feel bad.
Everybody with a bad parathyroid gland will eventually develop bad osteoporosis–unless the bad gland is removed.
Parathyroids almost never develop cancer–so stop worrying about that!
However, not removing the parathyroid tumor and leaving the calcium high for a number of years will increase the chance of developing other cancers in your body (breast, colon, kidney, and prostate).
There is only ONE way to treat parathyroid problems–Surgery.
Mini-Surgery is now available that almost everyone can/should have. You should educate yourself about the new surgical treatments available. Do not have an “exploratory” operation to find the bad parathyroid tumor–this old fashioned operation is too big and dangerous.
There is a lot of information about parathyroid disease and why it must be fixed. To make this information more understandable we have separated our parathyroid pages into specific topics. We will often help you pick the next most appropriate topics. If you get a little lost, use the navigation bar on the left side of the page, go back to the Home Page, or use our Table of Contents which has all pages listed and a sentence telling what parathyroid topic is discussed.
You and Your Hormones from the Society for Endocrinology
Where are my parathyroid glands?
The parathyroid glands lie just behind the thyroid glands in the neck. The parathyroid glands (light pink) produce parathyroid hormone, which increases levels of calcium in the blood.
The parathyroid glands are small pea-sized glands located in the neck just behind the butterfly-shaped thyroid gland. Most people have four parathyroid glands, with two parathyroid glands lying behind each ‘wing’ of the thyroid gland.
What hormones do my parathyroid glands produce?
The parathyroid glands produce a hormone called parathyroid hormone.
What do my parathyroid glands do?
The parathyroid glands are important in tightly controlling calcium levels in the bloodstream. Because of this, calcium levels are generally very stable. This is important to ensure the nervous system and the body’s muscles can work properly, and also that bones remain strong.
The main target organs where parathyroid hormone exerts its effects are the bones and the kidneys. When calcium levels are low, parathyroid hormone is released by the parathyroid glands into the blood and causes the bones to release calcium and increase levels in the bloodstream. It also causes the kidneys to stop calcium being lost in urine as well as stimulating the kidneys to increase vitamin D metabolism (see below).
If someone does not take in enough calcium through their diet or does not have enough vitamin D, circulating calcium levels fall and the parathyroid glands produce more parathyroid hormone. This brings calcium levels in the bloodstream back up to normal.
Another method that parathyroid hormone uses to increase calcium levels in the bloodstream is activation of vitamin D. This occurs in the kidney too; the activated vitamin D then increases calcium absorption from the gut.
What could go wrong with my parathyroid glands?
Sometimes the parathyroid glands make too much parathyroid hormone. In this case, patients may develop a blood level of calcium that is too high (hypercalcaemia), which in turn can make them feel generally unwell; however, they may not experience any symptoms. Symptoms may include increased thirst, increased urine production, abdominal pain, constipation, generalised aches and pains, changes in mood. The commonest condition which cause this is called primary hyperparathyroidism. Diagnosis may take some months, as other potential causes of high blood calcium levels need to be excluded. Treatment may include removal of the overactive parathyroid gland or conservative management (monitoring of symptoms and calcium levels).See the information sheet on primary hyperparathyroidism for further details.
If the high level of parathyroid hormone remains undetected for a long time, it can cause calcium from the bones to be lost into blood and subsequently the urine. This can eventually cause bones to become thin (osteoporosis). Too much calcium in the urine can also cause calcium stones in the kidney.
Occasionally, the parathyroid glands do not produce enough parathyroid hormone leading to low blood calcium levels (hypocalcaemia). This condition is called hypoparathyroidism. This most commonly occurs after neck surgery such as for thyroid disease. Symptoms of low blood calcium include tingling, ‘pins and needle’ sensations or muscle cramps/spasms. Treatment includes vitamin D or calcium supplementation.
Last reviewed: May 2021
Parathyroid Slide
Four parathyroid glands are embedded, two on each side, in the thyroid gland. Like all endocrine glandular tissue, the nucleus of each cell is round. This can help one identify endocrine tissue. Also, this tissue, like all endocrine glands, is rich in capillaries. Each cell must contact a capillary directly in order to deliver its hormone to the rest of the body. The erythrocytes in the capillaries stain bright red and are easy to see. They go single-file through the capillaries.
On the right side of the slide are follicles of the thyroid gland. Embedded in the thyroid is the parathyroid, located on the left side of the slide.
Endocrine Glands
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Thyroid and Parathyroid Glands
Thyroid Gland – 40X
This image shows part of the thyroid (thy) and parathyroid (par) glands. The thyroid gland is easy to identify because its tissue is arranged in follicles. Each follicle looks like a pink spot surrounded by a purple line. If you can recognize the thryoid, then you can identify the parathyroid based on its location right next to the thyroid.
Thyroid Gland – 400X
A thyroid follicle (arrow bar) is a spherical sacs of cells (arrow) that surrounds a mass of protein called thyroglobulin (tg). The follicle cells are usually cuboidal in shape, but they may look very flat if the gland is not active.
Parathyroid Gland – 400X
Mammal Thyroid Gland and Parathyroid Gland, sec. 7 µm H&E Microscope Slide
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Parathyroid Gland Histology with Microscope Slide Image and Labeled Diagram
There are two or more pairs of parathyroid glands located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. You will find two main types of cells (chief and oxyphils) in the parathyroid gland histology slide. Here in this article, I will show you all the structures of a parathyroid gland with a microscope slide image and a labeled diagram.
I will also provide the essential identification points of the parathyroid gland histology slide under the light microscope. Again, you will find the detailed histology of the oxyphil and chief cells of the parathyroid gland with their functions in this article.
So, if you are interested to learn the parathyroid gland histology with the microscope slide image and labeled diagram, this might be an excellent guide for you.
Parathyroid gland histology
Each parathyroid has a thin connective tissue capsule that sends septae into the interior gland substance. The septae merge with the reticular fibers that support the parenchyma of a parathyroid gland. Again, the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland histology consists of secretory endocrine cells that arrange in a cluster or anastomosing cords between the sinusoidal capillaries.
The endocrine cells of the parathyroid gland slide are of two types – chief or principal cells and the oxyphil cells. I will show you the difference between these two parathyroid gland cells so that you may identify these two types of endocrine cells so quickly under a light microscope.
Parathyroid gland histology slide labeled
Typically, the chief or principal cells of the parathyroid are smaller but numerous than the oxyphils cells. Again, the oxyphil cells are more prominent and increase the number with the age of an animal.
You will find the adipose tissue infiltration in the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland in older animals. Sometimes, the fatty tissue constitutes more than fifty percent of the parenchyma of the aged animal.
However, let’s know the structures you might identify from the parathyroid gland histology slide under the light microscope.
A connective tissue (thin) capsule of the parathyroid gland
The thin trabeculae that merge with the reticular fibers of the parenchyma
The secretory endocrine cells of the parathyroid glands (chief and oxyphil cells)
Numerous blood vessels (vein and capillaries)
Thyroid follicles with follicular and parafollicular cells (optional)
“Sometimes, you may find the thyroid gland and parathyroid gland in the same histology slide.”
Fine, now, you may try to identify all the structures of the parathyroid gland with the help of labeled microscope images.
Parathyroid gland histology slide identification points
You may be asked to identify the parathyroid gland microscope slide under the light microscope at your laboratory. I will share some essential identification points for the parathyroid gland histology slide. I hope these identification points might help you identify the parathyroid gland so quickly under the microscope.
The provided tissue section shows the secretory endocrine cells that arrange into clumps and anastomosing cords.
There are numerous small basophilic chief cells present in the tissue sample.
Presence of a small number of larger eosinophilic oxyphil cells in the provided tissue sample.
Again, the tissue sample shows numerous adipose tissue (fat cells) in its parenchyma.
The secretory endocrine cells surround by numerous blood vessels.
So, this is a parathyroid gland histology slide. But sometimes, you may find the thyroid and parathyroid glands in the same microscope slide.
I think you got the basic idea on the parathyroid microscope slide. If you want to learn more about microscopic features of the parathyroid gland, you may continue this article.
Parathyroid gland histology guide
In parathyroid gland histology, you will find two basic structures – connective tissue stroma and the parenchyma. The stroma of the parathyroid gland includes the connective tissue capsule, trabeculae, and the reticular framework that support the parenchyma.
Again, the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland includes the secretory endocrine cells. These secretory endocrine cells are of two types – chief or principal cells (basophilic) and oxyiphil (eosinophilic).
Hey, if you don’t know the term stroma and parenchyma of a gland, this little information is for you. But if you have a good piece of knowledge on stroma and parenchyma, you may skip this part of the article.
The stroma includes the connective tissue framework of any gland made with the connective tissue fiber, cells, matrix, and blood vessels. Again, the parenchyma is the secretory unit or lobule or lobe of that gland that locates on the stroma.
So, to describe the parathyroid gland, you might mention the histology of the following structures –
A capsule and trabeculae of the parathyroid gland
The stroma of the parathyroid gland and
The parenchyma of the parathyroid gland
Now, I will describe all the structures from the parathyroid gland histology slide one by one.
The stroma of the parathyroid gland
You know there are two parathyroid glands, one superior and one inferior, on either side of the thyroid gland. So you will find four parathyroid glands in an animal. Sometimes, you may find eight parathyroid glands in an animal.
The parathyroid glands are small oval structures, yellowish-brown in color, and separated from the thyroid gland by a thin connective tissue capsule. But, sometimes, the parathyroid gland may be embedded in the thyroid gland.
The connective tissue framework of the parathyroid gland forms the stroma that includes the capsules and supporting connective tissue fibers. Again, the connective tissue capsule sends the thin septae into the interior of the parathyroid that merges with the reticular fiber of the stroma.
In addition, the adipose tissue and the reticular fibers provide a bed for the parenchyma and blood vessels.
The parenchyma of the parathyroid gland
The parenchyma of the parathyroid gland consists of cells arranged in cord and clump.
Numerous sinusoids lie in a close relationship to these secretory endocrine cells. There are two types of cells – smaller chief or principal cells and larger oxyphil cells.
The chief cells of the parathyroid gland slide are involved in the synthesis and secretion of parathyroid hormone (parathormone). This secretion increases the calcium and decreases the phosphate levels in the blood. But the functions of the oxyphils cells are unknown to the researchers.
However, let’s discuss the histology of the chief and oxyphils cells of the parathyroid gland slide. So that you may get help to differentiate the chief cells from the oxyphils cells under the light microscope.
Chief cells and oxyphil cells histology
In the parathyroid gland histology slide, you will find much numerous chief (principal) cells than the oxyphil cells. You will see the chief cell as a small rounded (polygonal) with the vesicular nucleus under the light microscope. The cytoplasm of these principal cells is clear and maybe basophilic or eosinophilic.
You may find some glycogen and adipose tissue deposition in the cytoplasm of the principal cells. Thus these cells sometimes look clear. So, there are numerous possibilities to see the light, dark, and clear chief cells in the parathyroid gland slide under the light microscope.
Again, if you see these chief cells under the electron microscope, you will find the abundant endoplasmic reticulum and well-developed Golgi complex. You will also find the small secretory granules in the cytoplasm of the chief cells of the parathyroid gland.
These granules of the chief cells are located near the adjacent sinusoids of the cytoplasm. But this feature may not be prominent in the parathyroid gland’s inactive principal or chief cells.
“In the routine stain, the granules of the principal cells will take the pale color.”
In addition, you will find fatty tissue and glycogen in both the active and inactive cells of the parathyroid gland. But the amount of the glycogen and adipose tissue is more significant in the inactive cells than that of the active chief cells of the parathyroid.
Functions of the chief cells of the parathyroid
The primary function of the chief cells of the parathyroid gland is synthesizing and secreting parathyroid hormone (parathormone). You know the parathormone increase calcium and decrease the phosphate in the blood.
This parathormone increases bone resorption by stimulating osteoclastic activities. It also increases the calcium resorption from the renal tubules of the kidney. Again, it helps in enhancing calcium absorption from the gut.
Oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland histology slide
The oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland histology slide are larger than that of the chief cells. You will see the less numerous oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland slide than the chief cells. The nucleus of the parathyroid gland’s oxyphil cells is smaller and stains more intensely than those of the chief cells.
You will also find numerous granules in the cytoplasm of the oxyphil cells, taking a more strong stain with the acidic dye. If you take the parathyroid tissue sample from the young animal, you may not find the oxyphil cells in the microscope slide image.
Parathyroid gland anatomy
The parathyroid glands are the oval structure, yellowish-brown in color, located on the posterior surface of the thyroid gland. The external or superior parathyroid glands of cattle are usually small and located cranial to the thyroid lobes.
Again, the superior parathyroid of cattle is a disc or elongated in outline. In addition, the inferior parathyroid of cattle is smaller than that of the superior. The position of these inferior parathyroids of cattle varies from a connective tissue site on the caudal edge of the thyroid to an area near the midline beneath the thyroid isthmus.
These inferior parathyroid are embedded in the thyroid tissue on its medial dorsal surface. Again, the parathyroid gland of a sheep drives from the third branchial pouch found at the level of the tracheal bifurcation.
In a horse, you will find the superior parathyroid glands on the dorsal medial edge of the thyroid. Again, the inferior parathyroid glands of the horse lying in the thyroid lobes on their medial surface, usually near the dorsal edge.
The shape of the horse parathyroid may vary from a spherical, flat, disk-shaped structure. In addition, the color of the horse parathyroid varies from straw yellow to a reddish yellow or even brown-red.
Parathyroid gland histology slide labeled and diagram
I will show you the two microscope slide images – only the parathyroid gland section and parathyroid with the thyroid gland section. In the parathyroid gland histology labeled diagram, I will show you all the structures.
In the diagram of the parathyroid gland, cells are arranged in the anastomosing cord and clump instead of the follicle. The section shows cells’ clump and anastomosing cord that fill with colloid substances.
Again, the section shows the larger and less numerous oxyphil cells (they contain the acidophilic cytoplasm and dark nucleus). These oxyphil cells are found as single or a small clump in the parathyroid gland parenchyma.
In addition, the section also shows the small and more numerous chief cells. These chief cells exhibit a pale and slightly acidophilic cytoplasm.
I tried to show you the parathyroid gland with the thyroid on the other diagram. So, here the tissue sections show a thin connective tissue septum that separates the two glands. Different types of follicles with colloid and follicular cells are present in the diagram.
Again, the same tissue section shows the chief and oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland. There are also numerous blood vessels in the tissue section that surround the parathyroid gland’s secretory cells.
The sample tissue section and diagram also show the numerous fat cells (adipose tissue). You may join anatomy learner on social media for a more updated labeled diagram on the parathyroid gland.
Parathyroid gland microscope slide image drawing
This is a straightforward task to draw the microscope slide image of the parathyroid gland. I know you have a good piece of knowledge on all the structures of parathyroid histology. Now, you may follow the simple drawing guide for the parathyroid.
First, you might draw the different follicles of the thyroid gland (if you want to draw the parathyroid gland with the thyroid in the same focus). Let’s draw all the follicular cells and the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland.
It would be best to draw a thin connective tissue septum between the thyroid follicles and the parathyroid gland. Let’s draw some thin septae that will enter into the parathyroid substances.
Now, try to draw the parathyroid gland histology slide’s main two types of cells. For that, you might draw numerous small cells that contain the pale nuclei (chief cells).
Now, try to draw some oxyphil cells in the sample drawing that appear in a clump. You may provide less number of oxyphil cells in the picture.
Finally, it would help if you drew some of the fat cells in the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland. Let’s provide some blood vessels around the parathyroid gland’s two types of primary cells.
Frequently asked questions on parathyroid gland slide
Fine, let’s solve the common inquiries on the parathyroid gland microscope slide. But, if you read the full article (parathyroid gland), you may skip this part (question and answers). Again, please let me know if you have any other questions about the parathyroid gland.
What is the histology of parathyroid?
I have already described the detailed histology of the parathyroid gland with the labeled diagram and microscope slide images. So, you may read this article from the beginning to the end to get the basic idea of the parathyroid gland.
But, I would like to share the summary of the parathyroid histology with a few lines. In the parathyroid microscope slide, you will find a thin connective tissue capsule that will send the thin trabeculae into the interior part of the gland.
In the stroma of the parathyroid, you will find the reticular fiber framework and blood vessels. Again, the parathyroid’s parenchyma consists of the endocrine cells instead of follicles. You will find the colloid substances in the endocrine cells of the parathyroid gland.
There are mainly two types of cells present in the parathyroid microscope slide – the chief and oxyphil cells. Generally, the parathyroid microscope slide images will show more numerous small chief cells and fewer larger oxyphil cells.
Again, the parathyroid parenchyma will show the adipose tissue and numerous blood vessels surrounding the endocrine cells.
I hope you can understand the histological features of the parathyroid gland. But, again, I will request you to read the full article to get a piece of basic knowledge on the parathyroid gland.
What is the structure of the parathyroid?
The structures of the parathyroid gland include the connective tissue stroma and the parenchyma. You know most of the glands of the animal body contain the same stroma and parenchyma. You will find the basic idea of the stroma and parenchyma at the beginning of this article.
However, the stroma of the parathyroid gland includes:
The thin connective tissue capsule.
Numerous thin septa into the interior substance of the gland.
Numerous blood vessels.
Again, the numerous thin connective tissue separate merges with the stroma’s reticular fiber that supports the parathyroid gland’s parenchyma.
In addition, the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland consists of numerous endocrine glands (including the chief or principal and oxyphil cells). There is numerous small chief cell (with pale acidophilic cytoplasm) and less large oxyphil cells (acidophilic cytoplasm with a dark nucleus) present in the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland histology slide.
In the parathyroid gland microscope slide structure, you will also find numerous adipose tissue infiltration on the parenchyma. In the young parathyroid gland, the percent of adipose tissue infiltration is less. Again, in the older animal, you will find more adipose tissue infiltration on the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland microscope slide.
What tissues make up the parathyroid?
I think you already got your answer – the tissue that makes up the parathyroid gland. Okay, again, I will share the little information on the tissue that made up the parathyroid gland. If you notice the parathyroid gland microscope slide, you will find the connective and adipose tissue.
Again, the main component of the parathyroid is the secretory endocrine cells. You already have a good piece of knowledge on the endocrine cells of the parathyroid – the chief and the oxyphil cells.
If you want to learn more about the chief or principal cells and the oxyphil cells, you may read them from the above section of this article. I hope you will get the basic idea to help you identify the chief and oxyphil cells under the light microscope.
What type of tissue is the parathyroid gland?
What are the parathyroid gland and its functions?
The parathyroid is an endocrine gland of animals that is derived from the endoderm of the pharyngeal pouches. The parathyroid gland’s endocrine cells (chief and oxyphil) are involved in the synthesis and secretion of parathormone.
The parathormone increases the calcium level in blood in three different ways. It stimulates the osteoclast to increase the rate of bone reabsorption, promoting the liberation of calcium from the bone matrix.
It also influences the distal convoluted tubules of the kidney to increase the tubular resorption of calcium ions from the glomerular filter. Again, it stimulates to secrete the calcitriol, which increases calcium absorption from the small intestine.
What is the most common cells in the parathyroid gland?
The most common cells in the parathyroid gland histology slide are the chief (principal) and oxyphil cells. You will get the detailed histological features of the parathyroid gland’s chief cell and oxyphil cells at the beginning of the article.
If you are interested to know their histological features (principal cell and oxyphil cell), you may read the histology of parathyroid cells section. Again, I would like to share concise histological features of the two main cells of the parathyroid glands with you.
The chief cells of the parathyroid microscope slide are smaller and considered the main cells. They are more numerous in the parathyroid slide than in the oxyphil cells.
The chief cells are three different types – lighter, darker, and clear. In routine stain, these cells of the parathyroid gland take basophilic cytoplasm. But in an electron microscope, you will find the granules and Golgi body in the cytoplasm of the chief cells of the parathyroid.
The oxyphil cells are less in number in the section of the parathyroid slide. They are larger cells, and they contain the eosinophilic cytoplasm. Again, there are different granules present in the cytoplasm of the oxyphil cells of the parathyroid gland slide.
In addition, except for these two cells, you will also find the adipose tissue (fat cells) in the parenchyma of the parathyroid microscope slide.
You may read the other glands histological features from anatomy learner –
Histological features of the pituitary gland with microscope slide image and labeled diagram
Adrenal gland histology with microscope slide image and labeled diagrams
Thyroid gland histology slide with labeled diagram
You may also find more articles on the histology learning section of anatomy learners.
Conclusion
I think you got the basic idea on the parathyroid gland histology slide. Let’s try to summarize the histological features of the parathyroid glands. There are two pairs of parathyroid glands termed superior and inferior parathyroid glands located on the thyroid gland’s posterior surface. You will find a thin connective tissue capsule surrounding the gland and sending septa into the glands’ substances.
Again, the parenchyma of the parathyroid consists of secretory endocrine cells (chief and oxyphils cells) that arrange into the cord or clump. The chief cells are more numerous than the oxyphil cells in the parathyroid gland microscope image.
Sometimes, you will find adipose tissue that infiltrated in the parenchyma of the parathyroid gland. I hope you will identify all the structures of the parathyroid gland histology slide with the help of slide images and a labeled diagram.
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