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http://www.LaughterOnlineUniversity.com – Discover a complete – and fun! – system of methods that unlocks the many healing benefits of laughter and promotes physical wellness and overall wellbeing throughout people’s lifespan.
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Norman Cousins’s Laugh Therapy
Norman Cousins’s Laugh Therapy. Author：Author From：”NorthStar” … In the summer of 1964, well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill.
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English 7 Final Examination
1, In the summer of 1964, well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became … Within eight days of starting his laugh therapy” program, his pain began to …
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level 7 final assessment online version.pdf – FINAL EXAM…
READING: Norman Cousins ‘ Laughter Therapy Directions: Read the following article. Then answer the questions that follow. 1 In the summer of 1964, …
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Laughter Therapy: Why So Serious?
In Cousins’ book, published in ’79, he describes a potentially fatal disease he contracted in 1964. His discovery of the benefits of humor, …
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Norman Cousins’s Leagh Therapy 1 In the summer of 1964, well-known writer and … Within eight days of starting his “laugh therapy” program, his pain began …
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42 題至第46 題： In the summer of 1964, the..-阿摩線上測驗
42 題至第46 題： In the summer of 1964, the well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became … 【題組】44 What was the result of Cousins’ laugh therapy?
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Humor, Laughter, Fun, Optimism and Love in Service of the …
The Serious Benefits of the “Joy-Care Factor” – Humor, Laughter, Fun, … of the NY Times, Norman. Cousins. Extensive research on ‘laughter therapy’ began.
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Is Laughter the Best Medicine? An Evaluation … – Touro Scholar
NORMAN COUSINS. One of the pioneers of laughter therapy who had first-hand experience with the effects of laughter is Norman Cousins.
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Why Laughter Can Be Such Powerful Medicine
Laughter therapy, which uses humor to control pain and boost a … was introduced in the medical field in the 1970s by Norman Cousins.
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- Author: Sebastian Gendry
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- Date Published: 2015. 2. 9.
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Laughter Therapy: Why So Serious?
“Laugh at least once daily and with gusto.”
Close your eyes and think of someone with a really great laugh. Humor is infectious and far more contagious than any cough, sniffle, or sneeze. When laughter is shared, it bonds people together. Individually, a sense of humor can shift your focus, help you manage prickly situations, and overall, set you up for greater success.
Who doesn’t love to laugh? But laughing is more serious than we thought.
The powerful impact of laughter on health was recognized by medical and psychological clinicians some 50 years ago and then quickly incorporated into therapeutic practice. And laughter therapy was born. It revives both the mind and the body, is completely free, and just might be the cure you’ve been looking for. No joke!
Laughter Therapy: A Timeline
Dr. William F. Fry: The Father of Gelotology
Gelotology, the science of laughter, first began being studied by Dr. Fry in the 1960’s. He proved that deep laughter not only provides good exercise, it decreases the chance of respiratory infection and also causes the human body to produce endorphins.
Dr. Annette Goodheart: The Inventor of Laughter Therapy
Goodheart founded the practice of laughter therapy and has been using humor to treat cancer, AIDS, and depression for over 36 years.
Dr. Hunter (Patch) Adams: Founder/Director – The Gesundheit Institute
“Healing should be a loving human interchange, not a business transaction.”
Immortalized in film by Robin Williams, Patch Adams inspired millions of people by bringing fun and laughter into the hospital. In 1971, Patch founded the Gesundheit Institute, a holistic medical community that provides free medical care to thousands. Dr. Adams is also responsible for the creation of therapeutic clowns worldwide.
Norman Cousins: Author – Anatomy of an Illness
In Cousins’ book, published in ’79, he describes a potentially fatal disease he contracted in 1964. His discovery of the benefits of humor, however, changed his life and the course of his disease. Norman found that ten minutes of laughter each day gave him two hours of pain-free sleep each night.
Dr. Lee Berk: Psycho-Neuro-Immunologist, Loma Linda Medical Center
In 1985, Dr. Berk and his team of researchers studied the physical impacts of laughter. One of his studies on heart attack patients stood out from the rest. In the study, heart attack patients were divided into two groups: one half was placed under standard medical care while the other half watched humorous videos for thirty minutes each day.
After one year, the humor group had fewer arrhythmias, lower blood pressure, lower levels of stress hormones, and required lower doses of medication. The non-humor group had two and a half times more recurrent heart attacks than the humor group (50% vs. 20%).
Dr. Madan Kataria: Creator of Laughter Yoga
Dr. Kataria, a medical doctor from Mumbai, India, discovered that the body cannot differentiate between acted and genuine laughter. From this discovery, Madan created a range of laughter exercises. After further realizing the importance of child-like playfulness, Dr. Kataria developed techniques to stimulate laughter within a group. Laughter Yoga was born and is now an accepted method of meditation and therapeutic practice all over the world.
Oxford University Studies
In September 2011, academics from Oxford University published research demonstrating that continuous laughter can increases a person’s pain threshold by as much as 10%.
Laughter’s Effects on the Brain
Neurophysiology shows that laughter activates the prefrontal cortex portion of the brain. This is where endorphins are produced after a person indulges in a rewarding activity like a good meal, sex, or when a good joke is told.
Additionally, research proved that parts of the limbic system are also activated through laughter. The limbic system is the primitive part of the brain involved in emotions that enables us to perform the basic functions necessary for survival. In particular, two structures in the limbic system are involved more than others during laughter: the amygdala (the center of emotional behavior and motivation) and the hippocampus.
Researchers also found that laughter produces different brain wave activity than other emotions. To make this discovery, researchers measured the brain waves of 31 college students with an electroencephalograph (EEG) while the students watched funny, distressful, and spiritual videos.
The spiritual videos produced strong alpha waves, those associated with restful meditation.
Distressful videos produced flat waves that indicated feelings of detachment.
The funny videos were the only ones that produced gamma waves.
Gamma is the only frequency that affects every part of the brain. This means that when you’re laughing, you’re essentially engaging your entire brain at once. This state of your entire brain being ‘in sync’ is associated with contentment, being able to think more clearly and having improved focus.
Science has shown that laughter is a powerful antidote to stress, pain, and conflict. It turns out laughter really might just be the best medicine. Nothing works faster or more dependably to bring your mind and body back into balance. Humor lightens burdens, connects you to others, and keeps you grounded. The full scale effects of humor can only be seen across a three-fold spread: physically, mentally, and socially.
Physical Health Benefits
Laughter relaxes the entire body and relieves tension and stress for up to 45 minutes. It also boosts the immune system by decreasing cortisol levels while simultaneously increasing infection-fighting antibodies. Laughing also releases endorphins that not only promote a sense of well-being, but also aid in pain relief. Additionally, laughter protects the heart as it improves blood vessel function and increases blood flow, both of which help to fight against heart attacks and cardiovascular issues.
Mental Health Benefits
Laughing helps maintain a positive, optimistic outlook through difficulties, disappointments, and loss. Laughter also provides courage and strength while dissolving distress. It helps you relax and recharge and can help shift perspective.
Social Benefits
Humor strengthens our relationships with others by triggering positive feelings and forging emotional connections. When we laugh with someone, a bond is created that buffers against disagreements, frustration, and anger.
Laughter as Therapy: The 3 Types
With all the health benefits that come with laughing, it’s no surprise that an entire therapeutic practice has been built around its rewards. Though each has a slightly different approach, all center around a belief that “the art of medicine consists of amusing the patient while nature itself cures the disease.”
1 on 1 Laughter Therapy
In one on one laughter therapy, an individual’s humor triggers are identified (such as people, things from childhood, situations, movies, jokes, or comedians) by a clinician. Based on that information, the clinician creates a personal humor profile that aids in the therapeutic process. In this setting, the client is taught basic laughter exercises that assist them in dealing with life stressers.
Group Laughter Therapy
In a group setting, a laughter therapist uses funny materials such as books, shows, movies, or stories to encourage laughter and discussion among the group. This facilities bonding and a diffused setting for dealing with group conflict.
Laughter Yoga and Meditation
Laughter yoga has similarities to traditional yoga meditation. The key difference lies in the focus. In laughter yoga, focusing on humor helps each person to concentrate on the moment.
Laughter yoga goes through a three-stage process of stretching, laughing, and meditative silence. In the first stage, all energy is placed into the stretching of muscles. In the 2nd stage, an instructor guides you through a gradual smile and slowly into a purposeful belly laugh. In the final stage, all laughing is stopped abruptly, and with eyes closed, the focus switches to breathing. The process lasts anywhere from 15-45 minutes and teaches that the benefits of laughter do not always have to be spontaneous.
For a closer look at laughter yoga in action, watch this 3 minute video:
Henry Ward Beecher said that, “A person without a sense of humor is like a wagon without springs. It’s jolted by every pebble on the road.”
A good sense of humor comes easy to some people; but we can also cultivate a better sense of humor by learning to laugh in places we didn’t before. Whether you employ a formal laughter therapy or implement your own laughter therapy into daily life, it turns out that laughing isn’t just a fun thing to do. It’s critical to our health!
So go on, take a deep breath, think of something funny, and let out a good laugh.
You’ll be glad you did.
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42 題至第 46 題： In the summer of 1964, the..-阿摩線上測驗
42 題至第 46 題： In the summer of 1964, the well-known writer and editor Norman Cousins became very ill. He consulted his physician, who did many tests. Eventually he was diagnosed as having ankylosing spondylitis, a very serious and destructive form of arthritis. His doctor told him that he would become immobilized and eventually die of the disease. Despite the diagnosis, Cousins was determined to overcome the disease and survive. He had always been interested in medicine and had read the work of the organic chemist Hans Selye, The Stress of Life (1956). This book discusses the idea of how body chemistry and health can be damaged by emotional stress and negative attitudes. Selye’s book made Cousins think about the possible benefits of positive attitudes and emotions. He decided to concentrate on positive emotions as a remedy to heal some of the symptoms of his ailment. In addition to his conventional medical treatment, he tried to put himself in situations that would elicit positive emotions. “Laugh therapy” became part of his treatment. He scheduled time each day for watching comedy films, reading humorous books, and doing other activities that would bring about laughter and positive emotions. Within eight days of starting his “laugh therapy” program, his pain began to decrease and he was able to sleep more easily. His body chemistry even improved. Doctors were able to see an improvement in his condition. He was able to return to work in a few months’ time and actually reached complete recovery after a few years.
【題組】44 What was the result of Cousins’ laugh therapy?
(A)His health gradually returned to normal.
(B)His health first improved but deteriorated afterwards.
(C)His illness was completely cured under laugh therapy for eight days.
(D)The therapy was able to reduce his pain, but it was not able to cure his disease.
Why Laughter Can Be Such Powerful Medicine
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CHARLOTTE – Dr. Jonathan Fisher, a cardiologist with Novant Health Heart & Vascular Institute in Huntersville, doesn’t literally write his patients prescriptions for laughter. But he will extol its benefits.
Laughter therapy, which uses humor to control pain and boost a patient’s sense of well-being, is a real thing, he said. Chuckling and guffawing can have mental health and cardiovascular benefits and lower blood pressure. The creator of this technique is Doctor Madan Kataria.
Fisher said the formal practice of laughter – which is kind of funny when you think about a formal study of such a light-hearted response – was introduced in the medical field in the 1970s by Norman Cousins. The Washington Post referred to him as the “longtime editor of the Saturday Review – and a legendary perpetrator of April Fools’ Day spoofs.”
His piece — which is not a spoof — “Anatomy of an Illness (As Perceived by the Patient),” ran in the prestigious New England Journal of Medicine.
“Cousins’ article chronicled his remarkable recovery from a severe and life-threatening disease of the connective tissue,” according to The Post. “He was hospitalized in 1964 with severe pain, high fever, and near-paralysis of the legs, neck, and back.”
In a 2009 NPR story, Anne Harrington, a professor of the history of science at Harvard University, said Cousins “checked himself into a hotel (and) had films of Candid Camera and the Marx Brothers brought in. He read … funny books, and he discovered that 10 minutes of a belly laugh gave him 20 minutes of pain-free sleep. And little by little, as it came to be … remembered, he laughed himself back to health.”
More recently, there was a study in Japan involving 17,000 cancer patients, some of whom were given laughter therapy. “Over five years, people who laughed more had better survival,” Fisher said. “So, there’s a link between people who find more joy, humor, and laughter in their day-to-day lives and how long people survive, even after you adjust for the traditional risk factors of smoking, diet, and being overweight. There’s something about laughter that keeps us healthy, and science is trying to find out exactly how. We’ve got many clues how that happens.”
The science of good humor
Have you ever heard that you can’t make yourself laugh? Untrue, Fisher said.
“In 1995, laughter yoga became popular,” he said. “It’s based on the understanding that we do not need other people to make us laugh. There are two types of laughter – spontaneous laughter, where you may have a funny thought and start to laugh or someone else makes you laugh. And here’s what I would call voluntary laughter which is right now.” (Note: At this point, Fisher started laughing – a little at first, but it became a bigger, louder, genuine-sounding laugh. And then I started laughing, which Fisher said was not a surprise. Laughter is contagious.)
“Laughter yoga doesn’t require you to have anything funny going on,” Fisher said. “It’s a different approach, and the science is now showing that you get many of the health benefits, even if you practice making yourself laugh, without the external humor (trigger).”
I was skeptical. Would it have been possible for me, during the start of the lockdown in March 2020 – when everything was scary and uncertain and nothing was funny – to make myself laugh? In isolation?
“COVID, obviously, is no laughing matter,” he said. “But neither is the emergency room or the intensive care unit or a lot of situations that doctors, nurses, and patients face every day. And yet, we can find the right moments where laughter is appropriate. And in those moments, we can find opportunities to laugh … it can be beneficial.”
Prescription: Laughter
“A few studies have shown that 30 minutes of laughing once a week for about a month can improve your overall well-being, even if you’re not experiencing regular joy and happiness,” Fisher said. “It’s just the practice; it releases chemicals into your blood – serotonin, which is the happy hormone, and dopamine, which is the excitement hormone.”
“When you laugh, you activate the parasympathetic nervous system, which has a calming effect,” he said. “And very interestingly, laughter affects our immune system. Even in times when it can be extremely hard to find joy and laughter, if we can even find a few moments to go through the motions, we can reap some of the benefits of laughter.”
That led Fisher to mention the “motion creates emotion” theory. That means that even if you’re not in a happy mood and you do a laughter practice, your overall mood may start to shift. Fake it till you make it, in other words.
“Obviously, if you’re dealing with some hard emotions and grief and mourning, that’s not appropriate,” he said. “But if you’re just looking for a way to boost the spirits a little, you can exercise, eat something healthy, go for a walk outside, listen to music, talk with a friend or spend time with your pet. And I hope that in the future, we’ll start to encourage people to find more excuses to laugh because it can be just as good for our health.”
Gratitude, just learning to appreciate what’s in front of us, can help. Mindfulness is another. And you don’t have to overhaul your life to practice all three, Fisher said. Little changes over time can make a big difference.
What’s so funny?
There’s even an (unfunny) name for the study of laughter – gelotology. “It’s based on this premise that when we find humor in things and laugh out loud, it helps us manage our stress, increases our resilience, decreases our burnout and it improves our psychological well-being and quality of life,” Fisher said.
And the benefits don’t stop there. “Laughter has been shown in studies to reduce our blood pressure, reduce our heart rate, reduce our respiratory rate, reduce anxiety, reduce pain, improve depression,” he said. “It’s been shown to be effective in people who’ve had trauma and is also commonly used in cancer patients.”
Norman Cousins loved playing practical jokes. One April Fools’ Day, “several editors had been momentarily dismayed by an authentic-looking notice from the printer that 300,000 copies of the magazine had been accidentally printed upside down,” The Washington Post wrote. “Another time, the publisher ordered a frankfurter from the official vendor, smeared it with mustard, and bit into a rubber hot dog. He knew instantly who was behind it.”
“‘Cousins,’ he muttered.”
Be on your guard April 1. But if someone should punk you, laugh it off. It’ll be good for you.
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