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Contents

Is 12am the morning?

Midday and midnight conventions

There are no standards established for the meaning of 12am and 12pm. It is often said that 12am Monday is midnight on Monday morning and 12pm is midday. This puts all the times beginning with 12 and ending with am in the same one-hour block, similarly with those ending with pm.

Is 12am a midnight?

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states “By convention, 12 AM denotes midnight and 12 PM denotes noon. Because of the potential for confusion, it is advisable to use 12 noon and 12 midnight.”

How many hours are in a day?

Modern timekeeping defines a day as the sum of 24 hours—but that is not entirely correct. The Earth’s rotation is not constant, so in terms of solar time, most days are a little longer or shorter than that. The Moon is—very gradually—slowing the Earth’s rotation because of friction produced by tides.

How many hours is 9am to 6pm the next day?

There are 8 full hours between these times. It also supports the subtraction of lunch breaks and other types of pauses from the total hours in between.

What does am stand for?

am stands for the Latin ante meridiem, translating to “before midday”. This is the time before the sun has crossed the meridian. pm stands for post meridiem or “after midday” – after the sun has crossed the meridian.

Can we say good night after 12 am?

You can only use “Good night” to take someone’s leave or to say “Bye” to someone at night. Note: Instead of saying “Goodnight” to greet someone at night, say “Good evening” before midnight and “Good morning” after midnight.

Is midday 12 am or 12 pm?

Both 12am and 12pm are precise moments of time. 12am is the exact moment the 12th hour of the morning finishes (am), and similarly for pm. Therefor 12am is midday and pm would start straight after. The confusion has started since the invention of the digital clock.

What is 12 am in 24-hour time?

24-hour clock

24-hour clock	12-hour clock
00:00	12:00 (midnight) 12:00 a.m. (start of the day)
01:00	1:00 a.m.
02:00	2:00 a.m.
…	…

Is Friday night a midnight Saturday?

5 years later, but might be helpful for future readers: you should assume it means 12am Saturday unless indicated otherwise, on the basis that Friday midnight refers to a part of Friday night, which is different from its morning.

How long is an Earth day exactly?

Another way to measure a day is to count the amount of time it takes for a planet to completely spin around and make one full rotation. This is called a sidereal day. On Earth, a sidereal day is almost exactly 23 hours and 56 minutes.

How long is a day on Earth?

Assuming that Earth’s revolution around our Sun has not changed dramatically, this means that the number of hours per day has been increasing and that Earth’s rotation has been slowing. Today’s day length is 24 hours.

How many seconds has the Earth been around?

436,117,077,000,000,000 seconds

That is in-and-around 13.82 billion years.

Is 6am to 6am 24 hours?

Note: The 24 hour Time Format variation on the normal 24 hour time.
…
24-Hour Time Format.

am/pm	24-hour
4am	04:00
5am	05:00
6am	06:00
7am	07:00

How many is 48 hours?

48 Hours is 2 Days.

What day is 72 hours from Sunday?

72 hours after the end of Sunday is the end of Wednesday/the beginning of Thursday. Choose the rules and make your choice. However, 72 hours are “three three days” which means that the day following the Sunday day is called Wednesday (1=Monday 1=Monday; 2=Tuesday; 3=Wednesday).

Is afternoon 12 am or pm?

12 O’clock in the afternoon is PM. The PM generally represents the time between noon and 11.59 at night. Thus, 12 PM is used to address 12’O clock in the afternoon.

Is 1am in the morning or night?

Using numbers from 1 to 12, followed by am or pm, the 12-hour clock system identifies all 24 hours of the day. For example, 5 am is early in the morning, and 5 pm is late in the afternoon; 1 am is one hour after midnight, while 11 pm is one hour before midnight.

Is am in the morning or pm?

The 12-hour clock method defines all 24 hours of the day using the numbers 1 to 12, followed by am or pm. 5 AM is early in the morning and 5 PM is late in the afternoon; 1 AM is one hour after midnight, and 11 PM is one hour before midnight.

Can we say good morning at 12 pm?

Yes, Good Morning can be said at any time of the day as long as you are seeing someone for the first time in a day irrespective of the time of the day.

12AM – GRIEZII | 1 Hour Version\”

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Contents

History and use[edit]

Abbreviations[edit]

Related conventions[edit]

Confusion at noon and midnight[edit]

In literature[edit]

Is midnight 12am or 12pm?

There are no standards established for the meaning of 12am and 12pm. It is often said that 12am Monday is midnight on Monday morning and 12pm is midday. This puts all the times beginning with 12 and ending with am in the same one-hour block, similarly with those ending with pm.

It can also be argued that by the time you have seen a clock showing 12:00 at midday it is already post meridiem, and similarly at midnight it is already ante meridiem. Times in the first hour of the day are sometimes given as, for example, 00:47 am, with 00:00 am corresponding to midnight, but with a time twelve hours later given as 12:47 pm.

12-hour clock

Time counting system

“AM and PM” redirects here. For other uses, see AM PM

The 12-hour clock is a time convention in which the 24 hours of the day are divided into two periods: a.m. (from Latin ante meridiem, translating to “before midday”) and p.m. (from Latin post meridiem, translating to “after midday”).[1][2] Each period consists of 12 hours numbered: 12 (acting as 0),[3] 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and 11.

The daily cycle starts at 12 midnight, runs through 12 noon, and continues until just before midnight at the end of the day. There is no widely accepted convention for how midday and midnight should be represented. The 12-hour clock was developed from the second millennium BC and reached its modern form in the 16th century AD.

The 12-hour time convention is common in several English-speaking nations and former British colonies, as well as a few other countries.

History and use [ edit ]
The natural day-and-night division of a calendar day forms the fundamental basis as to why each day is split into two cycles. Originally there were two cycles: one cycle which could be tracked by the position of the Sun (day), followed by one cycle which could be tracked by the Moon and stars (night). This eventually evolved into the two 12-hour periods which are used today, one called “a.m.” starting at midnight and another called “p.m.” starting at noon. Noon itself is rarely abbreviated today; but if it is, it is denoted “m.”[1]
The 12-hour clock can be traced back as far as Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt.[4] Both an Egyptian sundial for daytime use[5] and an Egyptian water clock for night-time use were found in the tomb of Pharaoh Amenhotep I.[6] Dating to c. 1500 BC, these clocks divided their respective times of use into 12 hours each.

The Romans also used a 12-hour clock: daylight was divided into 12 equal hours (thus hours having varying length throughout the year) and the night was divided into four watches.

The first mechanical clocks in the 14th century, if they had dials at all, showed all 24 hours using the 24-hour analog dial, influenced by astronomers’ familiarity with the astrolabe and sundial and by their desire to model the Earth’s apparent motion around the Sun. In Northern Europe these dials generally used the 12-hour numbering scheme in Roman numerals but showed both a.m. and p.m. periods in sequence. This is known as the double-XII system and can be seen on many surviving clock faces, such as those at Wells and Exeter.

Elsewhere in Europe, numbering was more likely to be based on the 24-hour system (I to XXIV). The 12-hour clock was used throughout the British empire.

During the 15th and 16th centuries, the 12-hour analog dial and time system gradually became established as standard throughout Northern Europe for general public use. The 24-hour analog dial was reserved for more specialized applications, such as astronomical clocks and chronometers.

Most analog clocks and watches today use the 12-hour dial, on which the shorter hour hand rotates once every 12 hours and twice in one day. Some analog clock dials have an inner ring of numbers along with the standard 1-to-12 numbered ring. The number 12 is paired either with a 00 or a 24, while the numbers 1 through 11 are paired with the numbers 13 through 23, respectively. This modification allows the clock to also be read in 24-hour notation. This kind of 12-hour clock can be found in countries where the 24-hour clock is preferred.

Use by country [ edit ]
In several countries the 12-hour clock is the dominant written and spoken system of time, predominantly in nations that were part of the former British Empire, for example, the United Kingdom, Republic of Ireland, the United States, Canada (excluding Quebec), Australia, New Zealand, South Africa, India, Pakistan, and Bangladesh,and others follow this convention as well, such as Mexico and the former American colony of the Philippines. In most countries, however, the 24-hour clock is the standard system used, especially in writing. Some nations in Europe and Latin America use a combination of the two, preferring the 12-hour system in colloquial speech but using the 24-hour system in written form and in formal contexts.

The 12-hour clock in speech often uses phrases such as … in the morning, … in the afternoon, … in the evening, and …at night. Rider’s British Merlin almanac for 1795 and a similar almanac for 1773 published in London used them.[7] Other than in English-speaking countries and some Spanish-speaking countries, the terms a.m. and p.m. are seldom used and often unknown.

Computer support [ edit ]
In most countries, computers by default show the time in 24-hour notation. Most operating systems, including Microsoft Windows and Unix-like systems such as Linux and macOS, activate the 12-hour notation by default for a limited number of language and region settings. This behaviour can be changed by the user, such as with the Windows operating system’s “Region and Language” settings.[8]
Abbreviations [ edit ]
p.m. with a dot to the left of the hour Typical digital 12-hour alarm clock indicatingwith a dot to the left of the hour

The Latin abbreviations a.m. and p.m. (often written “am” and “pm”, “AM” and “PM”, or “A.M.” and “P.M.”) are used in English and Spanish.[9] The equivalents in Greek are π.μ. and μ.μ., respectively, and in Sinhala පෙ.ව. (pe.va.) for පෙරවරු (peravaru, පෙර pera – fore, pre) and ප.ව. (pa.va.) for පස්වරු (pasvaru, පස්සේ passē – after, post). However, noon is rarely abbreviated in any of these languages, noon normally being written in full. In Portuguese, there are two official options and many others used, for example, using 21:45, 21h45 or 21h45min (official ones) or 21:45 or 9:45 p.m. In Irish, a.m. and i.n. are used, standing for ar maidin (“in the morning”) and iarnóin (“afternoon”) respectively.

Most other languages lack formal abbreviations for “before noon” and “after noon”, and their users use the 12-hour clock only orally and informally.[citation needed] However, in many languages, such as Russian and Hebrew, informal designations are used, such as “9 in the morning” or “3 in the night”.

When abbreviations and phrases are omitted, one may rely on sentence context and societal norms to reduce ambiguity. For example, if one commutes to work at “9:00”, 9:00 a.m. may be implied, but if a social dance is scheduled to begin at “9:00”, it may begin at 9:00 p.m.

Related conventions [ edit ]
Typography [ edit ]
The terms “a.m.” and “p.m.” are abbreviations of the Latin ante meridiem (before midday) and post meridiem (after midday). Depending on the style guide referenced, the abbreviations “a.m.” and “p.m.” are variously written in small capitals (“am” and ” pm”),[citation needed] uppercase letters without a period (“AM” and “PM”), uppercase letters with periods, or lowercase letters (“am” and “pm” or,[10] “a.m.” and “p.m.”).[citation needed] With the advent of computer generated and printed schedules, especially airlines, the “M” character is often omitted as providing no additional information as in “9:30A” or “10:00P”.[citation needed]
Some style guides suggest the use of a space between the number and the a.m. or p.m. abbreviation.[citation needed] Style guides recommend not using a.m. and p.m. without a time preceding it.[11]
The hour/minute separator varies between countries: some use a colon, others use a period (full stop),[10] and still others use the letter h.[citation needed] (In some usages, particularly “military time”, of the 24-hour clock, there is no separator between hours and minutes.[12] This style is not generally seen when the 12-hour clock is used.)

Encoding [ edit ]
Unicode specifies codepoints for “a.m.” and “p.m.” symbols, which are intended to be used only with Chinese-Japanese-Korean (CJK) character sets, as they take up exactly the same space as one CJK character:

U+ 33C2 ㏂ SQUARE AM

U+ 33D8 ㏘ SQUARE PM

Informal speech and rounding off [ edit ]
In speaking, it is common to round the time to the nearest five minutes and/or express the time as the past (or to) the closest hour; for example, “five past five” (5:05). Minutes past the hour means those minutes are added to the hour; “ten past five” means 5:10. Minutes to, ’til and of the hour mean those minutes are subtracted; “ten of five”, “ten ’til five”, and “ten to five” all mean 4:50.

Fifteen minutes is often called a quarter hour, and thirty minutes is often known as a half hour. For example, 5:15 can be phrased “(a) quarter past five” or “five-fifteen”; 5:30 can be “half past five”, “five-thirty” or simply “half five”. The time 8:45 may be spoken as “eight forty-five” or “(a) quarter to nine”.[13]
In older English, it was common for the number 25 to be expressed as “five-and-twenty”.[14] In this way the time 8:35 may be phrased as “five-and-twenty to 9”,[15] although this styling fell out of fashion in the later part of the 1900s and is now rarely used.[16]
Instead of meaning 5:30, the “half five” expression is sometimes used to mean 4:30, or “half-way to five”, especially for regions such as the American Midwest and other areas that have been particularly influenced by German culture. This meaning follows the pattern choices of many Germanic and Slavic languages, including Serbo-Croatian, Dutch, Danish, Russian and Swedish, as well as Hungarian and Finnish.

Moreover, in situations where the relevant hour is obvious or has been recently mentioned, a speaker might omit the hour and just say “quarter to (the hour)”, “half past” or “ten ’til” to avoid an elaborate sentence in informal conversations. These forms are often commonly used in television and radio broadcasts that cover multiple time zones at one-hour intervals.[17]
In describing a vague time of day, a speaker might say the phrase “seven-thirty, eight” to mean sometime around 7:30 or 8:00. Such phrasing can be misinterpreted for a specific time of day (here 7:38), especially by a listener not expecting an estimation. The phrase “about seven-thirty or eight” clarifies this.

Some more ambiguous phrasing might be avoided. Within five minutes of the hour, the phrase “five of seven” (6:55) can be heard “five-oh-seven” (5:07). “Five to seven” or even “six fifty-five” clarifies this.

Formal speech and times to the minute [ edit ]
“O’clock” redirects here. For the o’clock watch, see O bag

Minutes may be expressed as an exact number of minutes past the hour specifying the time of day (e.g., 6:32 p.m. is “six thirty-two”). Additionally, when expressing the time using the “past (after)” or “to (before)” formula, it is conventional to choose the number of minutes below 30 (e.g., 6:32 p.m. is conventionally “twenty-eight minutes to seven” rather than “thirty-two minutes past six”).

In spoken English, full hours are often represented by the numbered hour followed by o’clock (10:00 as ten o’clock, 2:00 as two o’clock). This may be followed by the “a.m.” or “p.m.” designator, though some phrases such as in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, or at night more commonly follow analog-style terms such as o’clock, half past three, and quarter to four. O’clock itself may be omitted, telling a time as four a.m. or four p.m. Minutes “:01” to “:09” are usually pronounced as oh one to oh nine (nought or zero can also be used instead of oh). Minutes “:10” to “:59” are pronounced as their usual number-words. For instance, 6:02 a.m. can be pronounced six oh two a.m. whereas 6:32 a.m. could be told as six thirty-two a.m.

Confusion at noon and midnight [ edit ]
It is not always clear what times “12:00 a.m.” and “12:00 p.m.” denote. From the Latin words meridies (midday), ante (before) and post (after), the term ante meridiem (a.m.) means before midday and post meridiem (p.m.) means after midday. Since “noon” (midday, meridies (m.)) is neither before nor after itself, the terms a.m. and p.m. do not apply.[2] Although “12 m.” was suggested as a way to indicate noon, this is seldom done[23] and also does not resolve the question of how to indicate midnight.

The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language states “By convention, 12 AM denotes midnight and 12 PM denotes noon. Because of the potential for confusion, it is advisable to use 12 noon and 12 midnight.”[27]
E. G. Richards in his book Mapping Time provided a diagram in which 12 a.m. means noon and 12 p.m. means midnight.[28]
The style manual of the United States Government Printing Office used 12 a.m. for noon and 12 p.m. for midnight until its 2008 edition, when it reversed these designations[19][20] and then retained that change in its 2016 revision.[29]
Many U.S. style guides, and NIST’s “Frequently asked questions (FAQ)” web page,[2] recommend that it is clearest if one refers to “noon” or “12:00 noon” and “midnight” or “12:00 midnight” (rather than to “12:00 p.m.” and “12:00 a.m.”). The NIST website states that “12 a.m. and 12 p.m. are ambiguous and should not be used.”

The Associated Press Stylebook specifies that midnight “is part of the day that is ending, not the one that is beginning.”[26]
The Canadian Press Stylebook[24] says, “write noon or midnight, not 12 noon or 12 midnight.” Phrases such as “12 a.m.” and “12 p.m.” are not mentioned at all. Britain’s National Physical Laboratory “FAQ-Time” web page[25] states “In cases where the context cannot be relied upon to place a particular event, the pair of days straddling midnight can be quoted”; also “the terms 12 a.m. and 12 p.m. should be avoided.”

Likewise, some U.S. style guides recommend either clarifying “midnight” with other context clues, such as specifying the two dates between which it falls, or not referring to the term at all. For an example of the latter method, “midnight” is replaced with “11:59 p.m.” for the end of a day or “12:01 a.m.” for the start of a day. That has become common in the United States in legal contracts and for airplane, bus, or train schedules, though some schedules use other conventions. Occasionally, when trains run at regular intervals, the pattern may be broken at midnight by displacing the midnight departure one or more minutes, such as to 11:59 p.m. or 12:01 a.m.[30]
In Japanese usage, midnight is written as 午前0時 (0:00 a.m.) and noon is written as 午後0時 (0:00 p.m.), making the hours numbered sequentially from 0 to 11 in both halves of the day.

In literature [ edit ]
In the George Orwell novel Nineteen Eighty-Four, Winston Smith describes a twelve-hour clock as “old-fashioned”.[31]
See also [ edit ]

How Long Is a Day on Earth?

The Earth’s rotation slows down over time. ©iStockphoto.com/nukleerkedi

Earth’s Rotation Defines Length of Day

Modern timekeeping defines a day as the sum of 24 hours—but that is not entirely correct. The Earth’s rotation is not constant, so in terms of solar time, most days are a little longer or shorter than that.

The Moon is—very gradually—slowing the Earth’s rotation because of friction produced by tides. Over the course of a century, the length of a day increases by a couple of milliseconds (where 1 millisecond equals 0.001 seconds).

Within this general trend, however, there is fluctuation: sometimes the Earth spins a bit faster, sometimes a bit slower. Recently, our planet has been speeding up a little, making for slightly shorter days.

How Long Is Today?

Today is predicted to be 0,9838 ms (milliseconds) or 0,0009838 seconds shorter than 24 hours. This is the time it takes Earth to rotate 45,76 cm (18,01 in), as measured at the equator.

This means that today lasts:

23,9999997267 hours or

24 hours minus 0,98 ms

On average, a mean solar day in the last 365 days was -0,27 ms under 24 hours, so today’s day length is below average. Over this period, 335 days have been longer than today, while 31 have been shorter than today.

If every day were as long as today, a negative leap second would have to be added every 1016,47 days.

Today’s Day Length* in Context Day length Date Yesterday 24 hours -0,80 ms T4 20 Tháng bảy 2022 p. Today 24 hours -0,98 ms T5 21 Tháng bảy 2022 p. Tomorrow 24 hours -1,18 ms T6 22 Tháng bảy 2022 p. Shortest 2022 24 hours -1,64 ms T3 26 Tháng bảy 2022 p. Longest 2022 24 hours +0,68 ms T7 14 Tháng năm 2022 p. Last Year Average 24 hours -0,18 ms Year 2021 * Yesterday’s, today’s, and future day lengths are predictions.

Average Day Lengths & Leap Seconds

Overall, the Earth is a good timekeeper: the length of a day is consistently within a few milliseconds of 86,400 seconds, which is equivalent to 24 hours. However, over the course of months and years, these small differences can add up and put our clocks out of sync with the Earth’s spin. When this happens, a leap second is used to bring them back into alignment.

Leap seconds can be positive or negative. A positive leap second adds a second to our clocks, while a negative leap second subtracts a second.

The system of leap seconds was introduced in 1972. So far, there have been 27 leap seconds, and they have all been positive. The table below shows the yearly average day lengths since 1973.

Average Solar Day Length* Year Average day Total yearly difference Shortest day Longest day Leap second added 2022 -0,34 ms -123,61 ms 26 Tháng bảy -1,64 ms 14 Tháng năm +0,68 ms – 2021 -0,18 ms -65,15 ms 09 Tháng bảy -1,46 ms 26 Tháng tư +1,00 ms – 2020 -0,00 ms -1,30 ms 19 Tháng bảy -1,47 ms 08 Tháng tư +1,62 ms – 2019 +0,39 ms +141,25 ms 16 Tháng bảy -0,95 ms 22 Tháng ba +1,68 ms – 2018 +0,69 ms +252,47 ms 30 Tháng sáu -0,64 ms 04 Tháng hai +1,69 ms – 2017 +1,03 ms +375,01 ms 04 Tháng tám +0,06 ms 25 Tháng tư +2,20 ms – 2016 +1,34 ms +490,76 ms 18 Tháng bảy -0,03 ms 10 Tháng ba +2,49 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 2015 +1,25 ms +458,03 ms 17 Tháng sáu +0,19 ms 26 Tháng mười +2,31 ms 30 Tháng sáu 2014 +0,99 ms +362,96 ms 24 Tháng bảy +0,02 ms 26 Tháng tư +2,02 ms – 2013 +1,02 ms +373,99 ms 06 Tháng bảy -0,35 ms 28 Tháng ba +1,97 ms – 2012 +0,83 ms +304,11 ms 16 Tháng bảy -0,35 ms 05 Tháng tư +1,87 ms 30 Tháng sáu 2011 +0,76 ms +277,94 ms 27 Tháng bảy -0,34 ms 14 Tháng năm +1,85 ms – 2010 +0,70 ms +254,74 ms 23 Tháng bảy -0,76 ms 01 Tháng ba +2,09 ms – 2009 +0,80 ms +293,37 ms 06 Tháng bảy -0,43 ms 22 Tháng tư +1,81 ms – 2008 +0,87 ms +319,49 ms 16 Tháng bảy -0,41 ms 05 Tháng tư +1,91 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 2007 +0,85 ms +310,81 ms 27 Tháng bảy -0,63 ms 16 Tháng tư +2,31 ms – 2006 +0,82 ms +300,88 ms 12 Tháng sáu -0,40 ms 07 Tháng mười +2,26 ms – 2005 +0,43 ms +157,76 ms 05 Tháng bảy -1,05 ms 27 Tháng hai +1,73 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 2004 +0,31 ms +114,01 ms 15 Tháng bảy -1,05 ms 05 Tháng tư +1,56 ms – 2003 +0,27 ms +100,16 ms 13 Tháng bảy -0,96 ms 19 Tháng ba +1,55 ms – 2002 +0,48 ms +173,79 ms 06 Tháng tám -0,74 ms 02 Tháng ba +1,66 ms – 2001 +0,57 ms +208,94 ms 02 Tháng tám -0,71 ms 11 Tháng ba +1,64 ms – 2000 +0,72 ms +262,42 ms 11 Tháng tám -0,25 ms 26 Tháng mười +1,58 ms – 1999 +0,99 ms +361,19 ms 30 Tháng sáu -0,13 ms 15 Tháng tư +1,93 ms – 1998 +1,37 ms +501,72 ms 09 Tháng bảy +0,01 ms 01 Tháng ba +2,66 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1997 +1,84 ms +671,08 ms 04 Tháng bảy +0,52 ms 06 Tháng tư +2,98 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1996 +1,82 ms +666,37 ms 10 Tháng tám +0,67 ms 12 Tháng năm +2,68 ms – 1995 +2,31 ms +843,66 ms 25 Tháng bảy +0,81 ms 17 Tháng ba +3,29 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1994 +2,19 ms +800,86 ms 06 Tháng bảy +0,86 ms 27 Tháng hai +3,36 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1993 +2,36 ms +862,66 ms 17 Tháng bảy +1,25 ms 02 Tháng năm +3,49 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1992 +2,22 ms +812,25 ms 12 Tháng bảy +0,84 ms 18 Tháng ba +3,59 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1991 +2,04 ms +743,88 ms 27 Tháng sáu +0,79 ms 01 Tháng ba +3,00 ms – 1990 +1,95 ms +710,04 ms 20 Tháng bảy +0,63 ms 26 Tháng ba +3,28 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1989 +1,52 ms +555,00 ms 02 Tháng bảy +0,25 ms 10 Tháng mười một +2,82 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1988 +1,31 ms +480,30 ms 12 Tháng bảy -0,09 ms 20 Tháng hai +2,76 ms – 1987 +1,36 ms +497,35 ms 23 Tháng bảy -0,06 ms 01 Tháng ba +2,67 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1986 +1,24 ms +451,06 ms 02 Tháng tám -0,04 ms 23 Tháng tư +2,30 ms – 1985 +1,45 ms +528,83 ms 16 Tháng bảy +0,11 ms 09 Tháng ba +2,64 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1984 +1,51 ms +554,42 ms 12 Tháng bảy +0,16 ms 18 Tháng ba +2,77 ms – 1983 +2,28 ms +832,08 ms 23 Tháng bảy +1,01 ms 01 Tháng hai +3,57 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1982 +2,16 ms +789,64 ms 02 Tháng tám +0,84 ms 23 Tháng tư +3,14 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1981 +2,15 ms +786,03 ms 16 Tháng bảy +0,82 ms 08 Tháng ba +3,42 ms 30 Tháng sáu 1980 +2,30 ms +842,04 ms 08 Tháng tám +1,34 ms 23 Tháng mười +3,24 ms – 1979 +2,61 ms +953,02 ms 23 Tháng bảy +1,46 ms 27 Tháng ba +3,65 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1978 +2,88 ms +1051,83 ms 31 Tháng bảy +1,49 ms 09 Tháng ba +3,83 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1977 +2,77 ms +1012,60 ms 14 Tháng bảy +1,46 ms 04 Tháng tư +3,72 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1976 +2,91 ms +1064,67 ms 26 Tháng sáu +1,87 ms 21 Tháng mười +3,90 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1975 +2,69 ms +980,87 ms 20 Tháng bảy +1,54 ms 01 Tháng mười một +3,72 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1974 +2,72 ms +991,99 ms 30 Tháng bảy +1,57 ms 05 Tháng tư +3,79 ms 31 Tháng mười hai 1973 +3,04 ms +1106,21 ms 02 Tháng một +0,00 ms 02 Tháng tư +4,03 ms 31 Tháng mười hai * Current year’s average day length and total yearly difference are predicted.

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How Is True Day Length Measured?

Astronomers and timekeepers express mean solar time as Universal Time (UT1), a time standard based on the average speed of the Earth’s rotation. UT1 is then compared to International Atomic Time (TAI), a super-precise time scale calculated by a network of atomic clocks.

The actual length of a day is expressed as the deviation of UT1 from TAI over 24 hours.

Why Isn’t Earth’s Rotation Constant?

The speed of the Earth’s rotation varies from day to day. One of the main factors are the celestial bodies surrounding us.

For example, the Moon’s gravitational pull causes tides and changes the Earth’s shape, ultimately resulting in a lower rotational speed. The distance between Earth and Moon changes constantly, which makes for daily variations in the speed our planet rotates around its axis.

Find Day Length for Any Date

How Far Back Does the Data Go?

Super-accurate atomic clocks were first developed in the 1950s and 1960s. So measurements of the Earth’s rotation using atomic clocks only go back as far as then.

However, telescopic timings of stellar occultations by the Moon provide information about the Earth’s rotation going back to the 17th century. An occultation is when the Moon, as seen from the Earth, passes in front of a star.

Ancient Records Give Away Earth’s Speed

Going back even further, records of solar and lunar eclipses provide information from the 8th century BCE onwards.

For example, a Babylonian clay tablet tells us that a total solar eclipse was observable in the ancient city of Babylon on April 15, 136 BCE.

Modern computer models can calculate the path of totality for this eclipse with a high degree of accuracy. From this, we can work out the Earth’s spin. For instance, if the Earth had been spinning a bit faster at that time, the path of totality would have passed to the west of Babylon—not directly over the city.

Eclipse database for years 1900-2199

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