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Contents

How did yellow journalists report news?

Yellow journalism and yellow press are American terms for journalism and associated newspapers that present little or no legitimate, well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales. Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism.

What did yellow journalists do?

Yellow journalism was a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts. During its heyday in the late 19th century it was one of many factors that helped push the United States and Spain into war in Cuba and the Philippines, leading to the acquisition of overseas territory by the United States.

Why was yellow journalism called yellow?

The term yellow journalism came from a popular New York World comic called “Hogan’s Alley,” which featured a yellow-dressed character named the “the yellow kid.” Determined to compete with Pulitzer’s World in every way, rival New York Journal owner William Randolph Hearst copied Pulitzer’s sensationalist style and even …

What was the effect of the yellow press?

The effects of yellow journalism are the emergence of a culture of sensationalism, a change in social, political, and economic life, as well as a distorted mass media. Other impacts are gender discrimination, increased violence, and human security issues.

What is yellow journalism definition quizlet?

yellow journalism. Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news to create sensations and attract readers.

What was the main purpose of yellow journalism quizlet?

Yellow journalism is a style of writing that exaggerates the news to lure readers. They did this to attract readers and make more money. A result of yellow journalism would be that the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine started the Spanish American War, even though Spain didn’t sink the ship.

What is yellow journalism with example?

News stories that are focused on grabbing people’s attention rather than conveying well-reported news are known as yellow journalism. A newspaper headline like “ALIENS STEAL NEIGHBORHOOD PUPPIES” is definitely an example of yellow journalism.

How did yellow journalism contribute to the Spanish-American War quizlet?

What role did yellow Journalism play in the Spanish American War? Yellow journalism contributed to the start of the war by swaying peoples opinion to be in support the war. Publisher of the New York Journal newspaper used yellow journalism to influence the Spanish-American War. His rival was Joseph Pulitzer.

Which was a significant result of yellow journalism?

The result of such practices created a new type of Journalism called “Yellow Journalism.” The most significant piece of Yellow Journalism, and arguably the most influential, was the report of the sinking of the U.S.S. Maine in Havana Harbor.

What is the meaning of yellow media?

journalism old-fashioned. (formerly) popular newspapers publishing sensational stories. the venomous attacks on foreigners that appeared in the yellow press.

What is yellow journalism Quora?

“Yellow journalism” is when someone tries to aggressively push an agenda through an article presented as news. “Fake news” is any fact-based reporting that President Trump doesn’t like, because it does not portray him positively or support his lies. Larry Levine.

What was the main legacy of yellow journalism?

Legacy of Yellow Journalism

Banner headlines and sensationalized stories were read by millions and while not all believed what they read, enough did for them to be effective. This realization led to the development of targeted advertising campaigns, both commercial and political throughout the 20th century.

What is yellow journalism essay?

D. Yellow Journalism Yellow Journalism is a term used for how newspaper companies sell more of their newspapers. They use bold headlines, bright colors and write about multiple topics to catch the readers’ attention. They also often exaggerate or distort the stories to make.

What was the impact of yellow journalism on the Spanish-American War?

By early May, the Spanish-American War had begun.” Despite intense newspaper coverage of the strife, the office agrees that while yellow journalism showed the media could capture attention and influence public reaction, it did not cause the war.

What are the two main features of yellow journalism?

Yellow journalism marked by sensationalist stories, self-promotion

the use of multicolumn headlines, oversized pictures, and dominant graphics;
front-page stories that varied from sensationalist to salacious in the same issue;

What is an example of yellow journalism?

The war for clicks and views seems to have created an epidemic of sensationalized headlines that are anything but objective and often not even true (i.e., fake news). Whenever you see sensationalized headlines that scandalize or exaggerate what the content is about, you’re seeing an example of yellow journalism.

What are some examples of yellow journalism today?

Television and the Internet make good use of yellow journalism by running sensationalized headlines typed in big, vivid fonts, consisting of news that is less than well-researched. But the best example of yellow journalism can be found today in social media venues such as Twitter or Facebook.

What was the main reason that yellow journalism strongly affected American?

What was the main reason that yellow journalism strongly affected Americanattitudes about Cuba and the Spanish-American War? Very few average Americans read newspapers, but most politicians did. People got most of their information about world events from newspapers.

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Table of Contents:

What is yellow journalism definition quizlet

What is yellow journalism explain with example

What was the main purpose of yellow journalism quizlet

What were the effects of yellow journalism

How did yellow journalism contribute to the Spanish-American War quizlet

What is yellow journalism Quora

How do you make yellow journalism

How did yellow journalism cause the Spanish-American War

What was the main legacy of yellow journalism

What factors led to yellow journalism

What is yellow journalism Apush quizlet

Which of the following definition best describes the work of yellow journalists quizlet

Where did the term yellow journalism come from quizlet

What is yellow journalism essay

How was news spread in the 1800s

What is yellow journalism PDF

What effect did the yellow journalism used by Hearst and Pulitzer before and during the Spanish American War have on American reactions to the situations in Cuba

What is sensationalism quizlet

How did yellow journalism contribute to US involvement in Cuba’s fight for independence quizlet

Which describes how this newspaper article contributed to the Spanish-American War

What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists

What is yellow journalism What influence did it have in the story leading up to the war in 1898 aka Spanish-American War

Which person used yellow journalism during the Spanish-American War

Who and what was the yellow press quizlet

Conclusion

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Contents

Definitions

Origins Pulitzer vs Hearst

Spanish–American War

How Did Yellow Journalists Report The News Apex?

Similarly, How did the yellow Journalist report the news apex?

What were the methods used by yellow journalists to report the news? To sell newspapers, they embellished tales.

Also, it is asked, How did yellow journalists report the news answer?

The use of gruesome features and sensationalized news in newspaper printing to attract readers and improve circulation is known as yellow journalism. The word was created in the 1890s to characterize the techniques used in the fierce struggle between the World and the Journal, two New York City newspapers.

Secondly, How did newspapers that used yellow journalism?

Newspaper reporting that prioritized sensationalism over facts was known as yellow journalism. During its peak in the late nineteenth century, it was one of several forces that pushed the US and Spain into war in Cuba and the Philippines, resulting in the US acquiring foreign territory.

Also, What is yellow journalism answer?

The term “yellow journalism” refers to sensationalistic or biased tales that are presented as objective reality in newspapers. Established late-nineteenth-century journalists invented the word to disparage their competitors’ unusual tactics.

People also ask, Why was yellow journalism called yellow?

Yellow journalism gets its moniker from a famous New York World cartoon called “Hogan’s Alley,” which featured a yellow-dressed figure known as “the yellow child.” In order to compete with Pulitzer’s World in every manner, William Randolph Hearst, the owner of the New York Journal, adopted Pulitzer’s sensationalist style and even.

Related Questions and Answers

What is yellow journalism definition quizlet?

Journalism that is yellow in color. To generate sensations and attract readers, journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news.

What is yellow journalism explain with example?

Yellow journalism is a kind of journalism that focuses on attracting people’s attention rather than presenting well-reported content. Yellow journalism is evident when a newspaper headline reads “ALIENS STEAL NEIGHBORHOOD PUPPIES.”

What was the main purpose of yellow journalism quizlet?

Yellow journalism is a kind of reporting that exaggerates the news in order to get people to read it. This was done in order to attract more readers and earn more money. Even though Spain did not destroy the ship, yellow journalism resulted in the commencement of the Spanish-American War with the sinking of the USS Maine.

What were the effects of yellow journalism?

The creation of a sensationalism culture, a shift in social, political, and economic life, as well as a skewed mass media are all results of yellow journalism. Gender discrimination, increased violence, and human security difficulties are among the other consequences.

How did yellow journalism contribute to the Spanish-American War quizlet?

In the Spanish-American War, what role did yellow journalism play? By manipulating people’s opinions to favor the conflict, yellow journalism led to the commencement of the war. The publisher of the New York Journal utilized yellow journalism to sway public opinion during the Spanish-American War. Joseph Pulitzer was his opponent.

What is yellow journalism Quora?

Yellow journalism is a sensationalized and exaggerated kind of news reporting. During the Spanish-American War in the nineteenth century, it first appeared. Journalists of the period used this to convey material in a manner that piqued the public’s attention.

How do you make yellow journalism?

To attract readers, yellow journalism employs sensationalism and exaggeration. It is often unresearched and just offers one side of the story. It will sometimes include fictitious interviews or artwork. It isn’t always untrue, but it is occasionally.

How did yellow journalism cause the Spanish-American War?

Was Yellow Journalism to Blame for the Spanish-American War’s Start? In a moment when noisy media had a voice, sensationalist headlines played off tensions between Spain and the United States. In a moment when noisy media had a voice, sensationalist headlines played off tensions between Spain and the United States.

What was the main legacy of yellow journalism?

Yellow Journalism’s Legacy Millions of people read bold headlines and sensationalized tales, and although not everyone believed what they read, enough did to make them successful. Throughout the twentieth century, this awareness led to the creation of focused advertising strategies, both commercial and political.

What factors led to yellow journalism?

It first appeared at the close of the nineteenth century, when competing newspaper publishers battled for sales by covering events leading up to and included the Spanish-American War in 1898.

What is yellow journalism Apush quizlet?

Journalism that is yellow in color. Journalism that exploits, distorts, or exaggerates the news in order to generate sensations and attract readers; popularized by Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst in the late 1800s.

Which of the following definition best describes the work of yellow journalists quizlet?

False data is portrayed as accurate. Which of the following is the most accurate definition of the phrase “yellow journalism“? Coverage of scandals that is sensationalized.

Where did the term yellow journalism come from quizlet?

Also known as “yellow journalism,” this phrase refers to sensationalist newspaper articles published during the Spanish-American War. They were scribbled on a cheap yellow piece of paper. William Randolph Hearst was the most renowned yellow journalist. Omissions and half-truths were deemed contaminated journalism in yellow journalism.

What is yellow journalism essay?

Yellow Journalism, D. The phrase “yellow journalism” refers to the practice of newspaper businesses selling more copies of their publications. To grab the reader’s attention, they utilize strong headlines, vibrant colors, and write about a variety of themes. To make a point, they often exaggerate or twist the tales.

How was news spread in the 1800s?

The majority of newspapers republished items from other publications and expected their own pieces to be reprinted as well. Larger sheets of paper were attainable with the invention of the machine printing press in 1814, and this became the norm for nineteenth-century newspapers 6.

What is yellow journalism PDF?

This study examines yellow journalism, a phrase that refers to the use of careless and flashy media reporting that ignores facts. Its origins and evolution, as well as its role in the media and historical influence, are all examined.

What effect did the yellow journalism used by Hearst and Pulitzer before and during the Spanish American War have on American reactions to the situations in Cuba?

What impact did Hearst and Pulitzer’s yellow journalism have on American attitudes to the Cuban crisis before and during the Spanish-American War? The President was heavily influenced by yellow journalism to declare war on Spain.

What is sensationalism quizlet?

Outrage is a kind of language that is designed to elicit visceral emotions (anger, fear, moral indignation)

How did yellow journalism contribute to US involvement in Cuba’s fight for independence quizlet?

What impact did yellow journalism have on the general public? It strengthened American support for a fight against Spain. What was Spain’s reason for refusing to give Cuba independence? In Spain’s dwindling dominion in the Americas, Cuba was one of just two possessions.

Which describes how this newspaper article contributed to the Spanish-American War?

Which of the following best explains how this newspaper item influenced the Spanish-American War? The events of the USS Maine were twisted by yellow journalists to stir public outrage.

What are the ethical responsibilities of journalists?

Journalists should: Assume responsibility for their work’s accuracy. Remember that error is not excused by speed or format. Set the scene. Throughout the life of a news article, gather, update, and correct information. When making commitments, be careful, but maintain the promises you make. Make a clear distinction between sources.

What is yellow journalism What influence did it have in the story leading up to the war in 1898 aka Spanish-American War?

The goal of yellow journalism was to create exciting, dramatic tales, even if it meant stretching the facts or fabricating a story. These articles would improve revenues, which was critical at a time when newspapers and magazines were competing for readership.

Which person used yellow journalism during the Spanish-American War?

Journalism in the 1890s, led by newspaper moguls William Randolph Hearst and Joseph Pulitzer, relied on melodrama, romance, and exaggeration to sell millions of newspapers, a style known as yellow journalism.

Who and what was the yellow press quizlet?

Also known as “yellow journalism,” this phrase refers to sensationalist newspaper articles published during the Spanish-American War. They were scribbled on a cheap yellow piece of paper. William Randolph Hearst was the most renowned yellow journalist.

Conclusion

The “How Did Yellow Journalists Report The News Brainly” is a question that has been asked many times. The answer is not as simple as it seems. Journalists in the 1800’s and early 1900’s used different techniques to report the news.

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Yellow journalism

Sensationalistic news

Yellow journalism and yellow press are American terms for journalism and associated newspapers that present little or no legitimate, well-researched news while instead using eye-catching headlines for increased sales.[1] Techniques may include exaggerations of news events, scandal-mongering, or sensationalism. By extension, the term yellow journalism is used today as a pejorative to decry any journalism that treats news in an unprofessional or unethical fashion.[2]
In English, the term is chiefly used in the US. In the UK, a roughly equivalent term is tabloid journalism, meaning journalism characteristic of tabloid newspapers, even if found elsewhere. Other languages, e.g. Russian (Жёлтая пресса), sometimes have terms derived from the American term. A common source of such writing is called checkbook journalism, which is the controversial practice of news reporters paying sources for their information without verifying its truth or accuracy. In some countries it is considered unethical by mainstream media outlets. In contrast, tabloid newspapers and tabloid television shows, which rely more on sensationalism, regularly engage in the practice.[3]
Definitions

W. Joseph Campbell describes yellow press newspapers as having daily multi-column front-page headlines covering a variety of topics, such as sports and scandal, using bold layouts (with large illustrations and perhaps color), heavy reliance on unnamed sources, and unabashed self-promotion. The term was extensively used to describe certain major New York City newspapers around 1900 as they battled for circulation.[4]: 156–160 One aspect of yellow journalism was a surge in sensationalized crime reporting to boost sales and excite public opinion.[5]
Frank Luther Mott identifies yellow journalism based on five characteristics:[6]
scare headlines in huge print, often of minor news lavish use of pictures, or imaginary drawings use of faked interviews, misleading headlines, pseudoscience, and a parade of false learning from so-called experts emphasis on full-color Sunday supplements, usually with comic strips dramatic sympathy with the “underdog” against the system.

Origins: Pulitzer vs. Hearst

Etymology and early usage

The term was coined in the mid-1890s to characterize the sensational journalism in the circulation war between Joseph Pulitzer’s New York World and William Randolph Hearst’s New York Journal. The battle peaked from 1895 to about 1898, and historical usage often refers specifically to this period. Both papers were accused by critics of sensationalizing the news in order to drive up circulation, although the newspapers did serious reporting as well. An English magazine in 1898 noted, “All American journalism is not ‘yellow’, though all strictly ‘up-to-date’ yellow journalism is American!”[7]
The term was coined by Erwin Wardman, the editor of the New York Press. Wardman was the first to publish the term but there is evidence that expressions such as “yellow journalism” and “school of yellow kid journalism” were already used by newsmen of that time. Wardman never defined the term exactly. Possibly it was a mutation from earlier slander where Wardman twisted “new journalism” into “nude journalism”.[4]: 32–33 Wardman had also used the expression “yellow kid journalism”[4]: 32–33 referring to the then-popular comic strip which was published by both Pulitzer and Hearst during a circulation war.[8] In 1898 the paper simply elaborated: “We called them Yellow because they are Yellow.”[4]: 32–33

Hearst in San Francisco, Pulitzer in New York

Puck cartoon of November 21, 1888 “Evil spirits”, such as “Paid Puffery” and “Suggestiveness”, spew from “the modern daily press” in thiscartoon of November 21, 1888

Joseph Pulitzer purchased the New York World in 1883 after making the St. Louis Post-Dispatch the dominant daily in that city. Pulitzer strove to make the New York World an entertaining read, and filled his paper with pictures, games and contests that drew in new readers. Crime stories filled many of the pages, with headlines like “Was He a Suicide?” and “Screaming for Mercy.”[9] In addition, Pulitzer only charged readers two cents per issue but gave readers eight and sometimes 12 pages of information (the only other two-cent paper in the city never exceeded four pages).[10]
While there were many sensational stories in the New York World, they were by no means the only pieces, or even the dominant ones. Pulitzer believed that newspapers were public institutions with a duty to improve society, and he put the World in the service of social reform.

Just two years after Pulitzer took it over, the World became the highest-circulation newspaper in New York, aided in part by its strong ties to the Democratic Party.[11] Older publishers, envious of Pulitzer’s success, began criticizing the World, harping on its crime stories and stunts while ignoring its more serious reporting—trends which influenced the popular perception of yellow journalism. Charles Dana, editor of the New York Sun, attacked The World and said Pulitzer was “deficient in judgment and in staying power.”[12]
Pulitzer’s approach made an impression on William Randolph Hearst, a mining heir who acquired the San Francisco Examiner from his father in 1887. Hearst read the World while studying at Harvard University and resolved to make the Examiner as bright as Pulitzer’s paper.[13]
Under his leadership, the Examiner devoted 24 percent of its space to crime, presenting the stories as morality plays, and sprinkled adultery and “nudity” (by 19th-century standards) on the front page.[14] A month after Hearst took over the paper, the Examiner ran this headline about a hotel fire: HUNGRY, FRANTIC FLAMES. They Leap Madly Upon the Splendid Pleasure Palace by the Bay of Monterey, Encircling Del Monte in Their Ravenous Embrace From Pinnacle to Foundation. Leaping Higher, Higher, Higher, With Desperate Desire. Running Madly Riotous Through Cornice, Archway and Facade. Rushing in Upon the Trembling Guests with Savage Fury. Appalled and Panic-Stricken the Breathless Fugitives Gaze Upon the Scene of Terror. The Magnificent Hotel and Its Rich Adornments Now a Smoldering heap of Ashes. The Examiner Sends a Special Train to Monterey to Gather Full Details of the Terrible Disaster. Arrival of the Unfortunate Victims on the Morning’s Train – A History of Hotel del Monte – The Plans for Rebuilding the Celebrated Hostelry – Particulars and Supposed Origin of the Fire.[15]
Hearst could be hyperbolic in his crime coverage; one of his early pieces, regarding a “band of murderers,” attacked the police for forcing Examiner reporters to do their work for them. But while indulging in these stunts, the Examiner also increased its space for international news, and sent reporters out to uncover municipal corruption and inefficiency.

“The Yellow Press”, by L. M. Glackens , portrays William Randolph Hearst as a jester distributing sensational stories

In one well remembered story, Examiner reporter Winifred Black was admitted into a San Francisco hospital and discovered that indigent women were treated with “gross cruelty.” The entire hospital staff was fired the morning the piece appeared.[16]
Competition in New York

With the success of the Examiner established by the early 1890s, Hearst began looking for a New York newspaper to purchase, and acquired the New York Journal in 1895, a penny paper which Pulitzer’s brother Albert had sold to a Cincinnati publisher the year before.

Metropolitan newspapers started going after department store advertising in the 1890s, and discovered the larger the circulation base, the better. This drove Hearst; following Pulitzer’s earlier strategy, he kept the Journal’s price at one cent (compared to The World’s two-cent price) while providing as much information as rival newspapers.[10] The approach worked, and as the Journal’s circulation jumped to 150,000, Pulitzer cut his price to a penny, hoping to drive his young competitor (who was subsidized by his family’s fortune) into bankruptcy.

In a counterattack, Hearst raided the staff of the World in 1896. While most sources say that Hearst simply offered more money, Pulitzer—who had grown increasingly abusive to his employees—had become an extremely difficult man to work for, and many World employees were willing to jump for the sake of getting away from him.[17]
Although the competition between the World and the Journal was fierce, the papers were temperamentally alike. Both were Democratic, both were sympathetic to labor and immigrants (a sharp contrast to publishers like the New York Tribune’s Whitelaw Reid, who blamed their poverty on moral defects[12]), and both invested enormous resources in their Sunday publications, which functioned like weekly magazines, going beyond the normal scope of daily journalism.[18]
Their Sunday entertainment features included the first color comic strip pages, and some theorize that the term yellow journalism originated there, while as noted above, the New York Press left the term it invented undefined. Hogan’s Alley, a comic strip revolving around a bald child in a yellow nightshirt (nicknamed The Yellow Kid), became exceptionally popular when cartoonist Richard F. Outcault began drawing it in the World in early 1896. When Hearst predictably hired Outcault away, Pulitzer asked artist George Luks to continue the strip with his characters, giving the city two Yellow Kids.[19] The use of “yellow journalism” as a synonym for over-the-top sensationalism in the U.S. apparently started with more serious newspapers commenting on the excesses of “the Yellow Kid papers.”

In 1890, Samuel Warren and Louis Brandeis published “The Right to Privacy”,[20] considered the most influential of all law review articles, as a critical response to sensational forms of journalism, which they saw as an unprecedented threat to individual privacy. The article is widely considered to have led to the recognition of new common law privacy rights of action.

Spanish–American War

Male Spanish officials strip search an American woman tourist in Cuba looking for messages from rebels; front page “yellow journalism” from Hearst (Artist: Frederic Remington

World emphasizes a horrible explosion Pulitzer ‘s treatment in theemphasizes a horrible explosion

Hearst’s treatment was more effective and focused on the enemy who set the bomb—and offered a huge reward to readers

Pulitzer and Hearst are often adduced as a primary cause of the United States’ entry into the Spanish–American War due to sensationalist stories or exaggerations of the terrible conditions in Cuba.[21]: 608 However, the majority of Americans did not live in New York City, and the decision-makers who did live there probably relied more on staid newspapers like the Times, The Sun, or the Post. James Creelman wrote an anecdote in his memoir that artist Frederic Remington telegrammed Hearst to tell him all was quiet in Cuba and “There will be no war.” Creelman claimed Hearst responded “Please remain. You furnish the pictures and I’ll furnish the war.” Hearst denied the veracity of the story, and no one has found any evidence of the telegrams existing.[22][4]: 72 Historian Emily Erickson states:

Serious historians have dismissed the telegram story as unlikely. … The hubris contained in this supposed telegram, however, does reflect the spirit of unabashed self-promotion that was a hallmark of the yellow press and of Hearst in particular.[21]
Hearst became a war hawk after a rebellion broke out in Cuba in 1895. Stories of Cuban virtue and Spanish brutality soon dominated his front page. While the accounts were of dubious accuracy, the newspaper readers of the 19th century did not expect, or necessarily want, his stories to be pure nonfiction. Historian Michael Robertson has said that “Newspaper reporters and readers of the 1890s were much less concerned with distinguishing among fact-based reporting, opinion and literature.”[23]
Pulitzer, though lacking Hearst’s resources, kept the story on his front page. The yellow press covered the revolution extensively and often inaccurately, but conditions on Cuba were horrific enough. The island was in a terrible economic depression, and Spanish general Valeriano Weyler, sent to crush the rebellion, herded Cuban peasants into concentration camps, leading hundreds of Cubans to their deaths. Having clamored for a fight for two years, Hearst took credit for the conflict when it came: A week after the United States declared war on Spain, he ran “How do you like the Journal’s war?” on his front page.[24] In fact, President William McKinley never read the Journal, nor newspapers like the Tribune and the New York Evening Post. Moreover, journalism historians have noted that yellow journalism was largely confined to New York City, and that newspapers in the rest of the country did not follow their lead. The Journal and the World were pitched to Democrats in New York City and were not among the top ten sources of news in regional papers; they seldom made headlines outside New York City. Piero Gleijeses looked at 41 major newspapers and finds:

Eight of the papers in my sample advocated war or measures that would lead to war before the Maine blew up; twelve joined the pro-war ranks in the wake of the explosion; thirteen strongly opposed the war until hostilities began. The borders between the groups are fluid. For example, the Wall Street Journal and Dun’s Review opposed the war, but their opposition was muted. The New York Herald, the New York Commercial Advertiser and the Chicago Times-Herald came out in favour of war in March, but with such extreme reluctance that it is misleading to include them in the pro-war ranks.[25]
War came because public opinion was sickened by the bloodshed, and because leaders like McKinley realized that Spain had lost control of Cuba.[26] These factors weighed more on the president’s mind than the melodramas in the New York Journal.[27] Nick Kapur says that McKinley’s actions were based more on his values of arbitrationism, pacifism, humanitarianism, and manly self-restraint, than on external pressures.[28]
When the invasion began, Hearst sailed directly to Cuba as a war correspondent, providing sober and accurate accounts of the fighting.[29] Creelman later praised the work of the reporters for exposing the horrors of Spanish misrule, arguing, “no true history of the war … can be written without an acknowledgment that whatever of justice and freedom and progress was accomplished by the Spanish–American War was due to the enterprise and tenacity of yellow journalists, many of whom lie in unremembered graves.”[30]
After the war

Hearst was a leading Democrat who promoted William Jennings Bryan for president in 1896 and 1900. He later ran for mayor and governor and even sought the presidential nomination, but lost much of his personal prestige when outrage exploded in 1901 after columnist Ambrose Bierce and editor Arthur Brisbane published separate columns months apart that suggested the assassination of William McKinley. When McKinley was shot on September 6, 1901, critics accused Hearst’s Yellow Journalism of driving Leon Czolgosz to the deed. It was later presumed that Hearst did not know of Bierce’s column, and he claimed to have pulled Brisbane’s after it ran in a first edition, but the incident would haunt him for the rest of his life, and all but destroyed his presidential ambitions.[31]
When later asked about Hearst’s reaction to the incident, Bierce reportedly said, “I have never mentioned the matter to him, and he never mentioned it to me.”[32]
Pulitzer, haunted by his “yellow sins,”[33] returned the World to its crusading roots as the new century dawned. By the time of his death in 1911, the World was a widely respected publication, and would remain a leading progressive paper until its demise in 1931. Its name lived on in the Scripps-Howard New York World-Telegram, and then later the New York World-Telegram and Sun in 1950, and finally was last used by the New York World-Journal-Tribune from September 1966 to May 1967. At that point, only one broadsheet newspaper was left in New York City.

See also

Notes

Office of the Historian

U.S. Diplomacy and Yellow Journalism,

Yellow journalism was a style of newspaper reporting that emphasized sensationalism over facts. During its heyday in the late 19th century it was one of many factors that helped push the United States and Spain into war in Cuba and the Philippines, leading to the acquisition of overseas territory by the United States.

Example of Yellow Journalism in the cover of the Pulitzer’s World

The term originated in the competition over the New York City newspaper market between major newspaper publishers Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst. At first, yellow journalism had nothing to do with reporting, but instead derived from a popular cartoon strip about life in New York’s slums called Hogan’s Alley, drawn by Richard F. Outcault. Published in color by Pulitzer’s New York World, the comic’s most well-known character came to be known as the Yellow Kid, and his popularity accounted in no small part for a tremendous increase in sales of the World. In 1896, in an effort to boost sales of his New York Journal, Hearst hired Outcault away from Pulitzer, launching a fierce bidding war between the two publishers over the cartoonist. Hearst ultimately won this battle, but Pulitzer refused to give in and hired a new cartoonist to continue drawing the cartoon for his paper. This battle over the Yellow Kid and a greater market share gave rise to the term yellow journalism.

Once the term had been coined, it extended to the sensationalist style employed by the two publishers in their profit-driven coverage of world events, particularly developments in Cuba. Cuba had long been a Spanish colony and the revolutionary movement, which had been simmering on and off there for much of the 19th century, intensified during the 1890s. Many in the United States called upon Spain to withdraw from the island, and some even gave material support to the Cuban revolutionaries. Hearst and Pulitzer devoted more and more attention to the Cuban struggle for independence, at times accentuating the harshness of Spanish rule or the nobility of the revolutionaries, and occasionally printing rousing stories that proved to be false. This sort of coverage, complete with bold headlines and creative drawings of events, sold a lot of papers for both publishers.

The peak of yellow journalism, in terms of both intensity and influence, came in early 1898, when a U.S. battleship, the Maine, sunk in Havana harbor. The naval vessel had been sent there not long before in a display of U.S. power and, in conjunction with the planned visit of a Spanish ship to New York, an effort to defuse growing tensions between the United States and Spain. On the night of February 15, an explosion tore through the ship’s hull, and the Maine went down. Sober observers and an initial report by the colonial government of Cuba concluded that the explosion had occurred on board, but Hearst and Pulitzer, who had for several years been selling papers by fanning anti-Spanish public opinion in the United States, published rumors of plots to sink the ship. When a U.S. naval investigation later stated that the explosion had come from a mine in the harbor, the proponents of yellow journalism seized upon it and called for war. By early May, the Spanish-American War had begun.

The rise of yellow journalism helped to create a climate conducive to the outbreak of international conflict and the expansion of U.S. influence overseas, but it did not by itself cause the war. In spite of Hearst’s often quoted statement—“You furnish the pictures, I’ll provide the war!”—other factors played a greater role in leading to the outbreak of war. The papers did not create anti-Spanish sentiments out of thin air, nor did the publishers fabricate the events to which the U.S. public and politicians reacted so strongly. Moreover, influential figures such as Theodore Roosevelt led a drive for U.S. overseas expansion that had been gaining strength since the 1880s. Nevertheless, yellow journalism of this period is significant to the history of U.S. foreign relations in that its centrality to the history of the Spanish American War shows that the press had the power to capture the attention of a large readership and to influence public reaction to international events. The dramatic style of yellow journalism contributed to creating public support for the Spanish-American War, a war that would ultimately expand the global reach of the United States.

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How did yellow journalists report the news? A. They published only carefully reasoned opinions. B. They exaggerated stories to sell newspapers. C. They published only official news bulletins.

Yellow journalism – Wikipedia

Milestones: 1866–1898 – Office of the Historian

Crucible of Empire – PBS Online

American Journalists: Getting the Story – Donald A. Ritchie – Google Sách

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Issues in Life Sciences—Botany and Plant Biology Research: 2013 Edition – Google Sách

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