Top 11 How Does Toyota All Wheel Drive Work The 187 Top Answers

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How does Toyota’s AWD work?

Toyota Hybrid AWD System

For this hybrid AWD system, a rear electric motor drives the rear wheels in off-the-line acceleration and when the front wheels start to slip. Since there’s no mechanical connection between the front and rear axles, impact on fuel economy is minimal.

Is Toyota AWD all the time?

Toyota Goes All-In on All-Wheel Drive

To stem the slide, the 2019 Prius received an all-wheel-drive option, and the 2020 Camry is following suit alongside the 2020 Avalon fullsize four-door.

Is Toyota AWD reliable?

The 2021 Toyota Venza is another AWD SUV recommended by Consumer Reports. The organization also gave it a four out of five predicted reliability rating, which is just short of perfect. The AWD SUV also earned a four out of five predicted owner satisfaction rating.

How does RAV4 AWD system work?

The new RAV4 AWD Hybrid combines the Toyota Hybrid engine and traditional motor that powers the front wheels with a second, rear-mounted electric motor powering the rear wheels. The dual motors allow torque to be distributed between all four wheels resulting in improved traction and stability.

Can you turn on AWD while driving?

Yes, you can safely switch from 2H to 4WD while driving at speeds below 60mph. When switching from 4H to 4-Lo, you are required to slow the vehicle down to 5mph without the gas pedal depressed and the transmission in the (N) Neutral position.

Is AWD always on?

The difference between AWD and 4WD is that AWD is typically always on while you have the ability to toggle between having 4WD on and off. 4WD is an addition you’ll usually find on a truck, while AWD is more for cars and SUVs.

Is all-wheel drive good in snow?

All-wheel-drive systems deliver power to all four wheels at the same time, or they automatically engage torque to all four wheels when needed. That’s why all-wheel drive is best for driving on snowy and icy roads.

How does Toyota Camry AWD system work?

2021 Toyota Camry AWD Features

When the system detects slippage especially in gravel, snow, or rain, it transfers 50% of the torque to the rear wheels for better grip. Are you interested in learning about the 2021 Toyota Camry AWD features?

What is the most unreliable Toyota?

The 2021 Toyota RAV4 often finds itself among the best new compact SUVs. The bad news is that it’s one of the least reliable Toyota models.

What is the most reliable AWD vehicle?

10 Most Reliable Cars with AWD
  • Subaru Impreza.
  • Subaru Legacy.
  • Ford Fusion.
  • Buick LaCrosse.
  • Jaguar XE.
  • Porsche Panamera.
  • Mercedes-Benz C-Class.
  • Audi A6.

Which Toyota engine is most reliable?

Some of the best Toyota engines
  • The 2JZ-GTE. The 2JZ-GTE is the Toyota Supra’s famous turbocharged inline 6-cylinder. …
  • The 22R-E. The 22R-E helped solidify Toyota’s reputation for building tough, reliable trucks. …
  • The 4U-GSE. …
  • The T Engine Series. …
  • 1GD-FTVFhall.

Can you turn off AWD on RAV4?

Registered. For the gas only RAV4, the AWD is always off by default unless slippery roads are detected. Only when a slippery road is detected is the AWD turned on. Thus, there is no need to turn it off.

Is RAV4 AWD all the time?

All-wheel drive is available on every Toyota RAV4 configuration, and is standard on the high-end Adventure model. However, the type of all-wheel-drive system can vary depending on which model you opt for. Find out more about your Toyota RAV4 AWD options with the experts at Earl Stewart Toyota below!

Is RAV4 Prime full time AWD?

Even with 302 hp, more than every mainstream crossover its size, the RAV4 Prime’s power delivery through its all-wheel drive system is smooth and satisfying. Those wondering if the RAV4 Prime is AWD when in reverse will be glad to know that the answer is “Yes!” We confirmed this directly with Toyota.

Do all 4 tires spin in AWD?

AWD is optimized for on-road use. It has the capability to send the engine’s power to all four tires all of the time.

At what speed does AWD work?

Most only work at low speeds, and are meant for such situations as getting out of a snowy driveway. Once you exceed the system’s limit, usually around 30 to 40 km/h, the lock automatically disengages and the system goes back to its normal AWD operation. So how do you know what type of system your AWD vehicle has?

What are the problems with all-wheel drive?

In addition to steering and braking concerns, wear can be due to aggressive driving, misalignment, under-inflated tires, and failing to rotate the front tires to the back. You may only want to replace the front two tires when they need to be replaced. However, it’s better to replace all four tires with an AWD vehicle.

Can you turn off AWD on RAV4?

Registered. For the gas only RAV4, the AWD is always off by default unless slippery roads are detected. Only when a slippery road is detected is the AWD turned on. Thus, there is no need to turn it off.


FWD vs RWD vs 4WD vs AWD What’s The Difference? Which is Better?
FWD vs RWD vs 4WD vs AWD What’s The Difference? Which is Better?


Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work As on the more basic system, the all-wheel-drive transfer case is integrated into the transmission, but between it and the driveshaft is a dog … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work As on the more basic system, the all-wheel-drive transfer case is integrated into the transmission, but between it and the driveshaft is a dog … With no fewer than five variants, how do Toyota all-wheel drive systems work compared to one another—and to the company’s competitors?
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Dynamic Torque Control AWD

Dynamic Torque Vectoring AWD with Driveline Disconnect

Electronic On-Demand AWD

AWDe

Toyota All-Wheel-Drive Proliferation

Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work
Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work

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What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota

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What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota
What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota

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Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work Updating …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work Updating With no fewer than five variants, how do Toyota all-wheel drive systems work compared to one another—and to the company’s competitors?
  • Table of Contents:

Dynamic Torque Control AWD

Dynamic Torque Vectoring AWD with Driveline Disconnect

Electronic On-Demand AWD

AWDe

Toyota All-Wheel-Drive Proliferation

Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work
Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work

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The Most Reliable 2021 AWD SUVs Recommended by Consumer Reports

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  • Table of Contents:

The most reliable AWD subcompact SUVs recommended by Consumer Reports

These compact SUVs have AWD and earned a Consumer Reports recommendation

The most reliable AWD midsize SUVs of 2021 shouldn’t surprise you

The 2021 Kia Telluride is the most reliable three-row AWD SUV

Which reliable AWD SUV is right for you

The Most Reliable 2021 AWD SUVs Recommended by Consumer Reports
The Most Reliable 2021 AWD SUVs Recommended by Consumer Reports

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Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD Intelligent System Explained

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Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD Intelligent System Explained
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD Intelligent System Explained

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How do the Toyota RAV4 all-wheel drive systems work? – Toyota UK Magazine

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about How do the Toyota RAV4 all-wheel drive systems work? – Toyota UK Magazine In normal driving, all of the car’s power is sent through the front wheels as this is the most fuel-efficient use of the energy. The RAV4’s electronic control … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for How do the Toyota RAV4 all-wheel drive systems work? – Toyota UK Magazine In normal driving, all of the car’s power is sent through the front wheels as this is the most fuel-efficient use of the energy. The RAV4’s electronic control … We look at the sophisticated control behind the Toyota RAV4 four-wheel drive system, which helps the car juggle on-road economy, safety and off-road capability
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How do the Toyota RAV4 all-wheel drive systems work? - Toyota UK Magazine
How do the Toyota RAV4 all-wheel drive systems work? – Toyota UK Magazine

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What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota Introduced on the 2013 RAV4, Toyota Dynamic Torque Control AWD works to actively distribute torque between the front and rear axles, as well as … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota Introduced on the 2013 RAV4, Toyota Dynamic Torque Control AWD works to actively distribute torque between the front and rear axles, as well as … What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota
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What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota
What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others | Bayside Toyota

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Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD Intelligent System Explained

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  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD Intelligent System Explained The Toyota RAV4 Hybr AWD-i offers an intelligent all-wheel drive system that delivers optimal safety and efficiency. The Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD-i offers an intelligent all-wheel drive system that delivers optimal safety and efficiency.
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Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD Intelligent System Explained
Toyota RAV4 Hybrid AWD Intelligent System Explained

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What You Need to Know About Toyota’s Hybrid All-Wheel Drive – Kelley Blue Book

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about What You Need to Know About Toyota’s Hybrid All-Wheel Drive – Kelley Blue Book Rather, an 8-speed transaxle sends power to the front wheels, and in AWD versions use a driveshaft connected to the rear axle. The simplest … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for What You Need to Know About Toyota’s Hybrid All-Wheel Drive – Kelley Blue Book Rather, an 8-speed transaxle sends power to the front wheels, and in AWD versions use a driveshaft connected to the rear axle. The simplest … How does Toyota’s hybrid all-wheel drive system perform compared to their conventional counterparts? We tested them back-to-back.
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What You Need to Know About Toyota's Hybrid All-Wheel Drive - Kelley Blue Book
What You Need to Know About Toyota’s Hybrid All-Wheel Drive – Kelley Blue Book

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Toyota all wheel drive explained | awd cars, 4×4 vehicles, 4wd trucks, 4motion, quattro, xDrive, SH-AWD, Haldex, Torsen, wiki – How it works

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Toyota all wheel drive explained | awd cars, 4×4 vehicles, 4wd trucks, 4motion, quattro, xDrive, SH-AWD, Haldex, Torsen, wiki – How it works In Auto Mode, RAV4 delivers power primarily to the front wheels under most driving conditions, switching automatically to AWD only when needed. By only engaging … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Toyota all wheel drive explained | awd cars, 4×4 vehicles, 4wd trucks, 4motion, quattro, xDrive, SH-AWD, Haldex, Torsen, wiki – How it works In Auto Mode, RAV4 delivers power primarily to the front wheels under most driving conditions, switching automatically to AWD only when needed. By only engaging … {IMAGE}
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Celica T180 (1989–1993)

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Celica T200 (1993–1999)

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RAV4 Type 10 (1994-2000)

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RAV4 II Type 20 (2000-2006)

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RAV4 III (2005-2012)

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RAV4 IV (2013-)

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4Runner Limited (-1999)

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4Runner Limited (1999-)

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FJ Cruiser (automatic gearbox)

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Highlander II (XU40; 2007–2013)

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Land Cruiser 40

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Land Cruiser 60

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Land Cruiser 80 1993

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Land Cruiser 90

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Land Cruiser 100

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Land Cruiser 120150Lexus GX470 Toyota 4Runner (only Limited V8 & 2010 Limited V6) Toyota FJ Cruiser (manual transmission only) Toyota Hilux Surf (year2013)

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Land Cruiser 200V8

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Previa (Estima Lucida)

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Sienna AWD

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Toyota all wheel drive explained | awd cars, 4x4 vehicles, 4wd trucks, 4motion, quattro, xDrive, SH-AWD, Haldex, Torsen, wiki - How it works
Toyota all wheel drive explained | awd cars, 4×4 vehicles, 4wd trucks, 4motion, quattro, xDrive, SH-AWD, Haldex, Torsen, wiki – How it works

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The Difference Between AWD and 4WD – No, They’re Not the Same

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about The Difference Between AWD and 4WD – No, They’re Not the Same Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) often referred to as 4×4, is a system commonly seen on vehicles geared towards off-road adventures. Power is pushed from the transmission … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for The Difference Between AWD and 4WD – No, They’re Not the Same Four-Wheel Drive (4WD) often referred to as 4×4, is a system commonly seen on vehicles geared towards off-road adventures. Power is pushed from the transmission … Learn exactly what all-wheel drive and four-wheel drive mean and what they’re best used for.
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The Differences Between All-Wheel Drive and Four-Wheel Drive

Four-Wheel Drive (4WD)

All-Wheel Drive (AWD)

The Difference Between AWD and 4WD - No, They're Not the Same
The Difference Between AWD and 4WD – No, They’re Not the Same

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Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work

In an automotive market that’s going crazy for crossovers and SUVs, one of the easiest ways to add to a vehicle’s consumer appeal is to jack it up and/or give it all-wheel drive. That’s part of why Toyota all-wheel-drive systems are making a comeback on a variety of models.

Signature Toyota machines like the Prius hybrid and Camry midsize sedan faltered somewhat at dealers in 2019—year-over-year sales of the Camry were down 1.9 percent, while the Prius slipped a staggering 20.4 percent, far outpacing the industry-average decline of 1.4 percent. To stem the slide, the 2019 Prius received an all-wheel-drive option, and the 2020 Camry is following suit alongside the 2020 Avalon fullsize four-door. Unlike some automakers, Toyota is reinvesting in its cars, recognizing the potential in those products (particularly considering there are only two other four-door sedans that offer all-wheel drive: the Nissan Altima and the Subaru Legacy).

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Toyota all-wheel-drive expertise goes back a long time. Back when “crossover” was a term used by DJs and not car shoppers, the Japanese automaker offered a rally-bred all-wheel-drive system called All-Trac on the Camry and Corolla sedans, Celica sports car, and Previa minivan. Unlike those early four-wheel-driven Toyota cars, the systems used in today’s Camry, Avalon, Prius, RAV4, and Highlander bear no specific branding—rumor has it Toyota let the All-Trac trademark lapse, though we think it’s high time it comes back, if only to channel the WRC glory of those old Castrol-branded Celicas.

’90s rally-car nostalgia aside, let’s delve into some of the particulars surrounding Toyota all-wheel drive, shall we?

Dynamic Torque Control AWD

The most basic Toyota all-wheel-drive system is found on the Avalon XLE and XLE Limited; Camry LE, Camry SE, Camry XLE, and Camry XSE; and the RAV4 LE, RAV4 XLE, and RAV4 XLE Premium. Called Dynamic Torque Control AWD, the system includes a transfer case integrated within the transmission with a driveshaft that leads to the rear wheels. An electromagnetic coupler between the driveshaft and the rear differential engages and disengages as needed, altering front/rear torque split between 100:0 and 50:50.

See all 20 photos See all 20 photos

The system isn’t able to vary power sent right and left once it hits the open rear differential, however. Instead, if the traction control system detects wheelslip on one wheel, it applies the brakes on that corner alone, equalizing the traction between both wheels and helping preserve (or re-initiate) forward momentum. However, braking to provide thrust is as counterintuitive as it sounds, even if it does effectively help route power to the wheel with grip.

Another limitation to the base system? The driveshaft is always spinning, even if the coupler isn’t engaged, leading to some additional parasitic drag in the driveline. As equipped in the Camry, Toyota acknowledges a 3-mpg combined drop in EPA fuel economy testing due to the all-wheel-drive system.

Dynamic Torque Vectoring AWD with Driveline Disconnect

Solving some of those woes in other Toyota all-wheel-drive offerings is Dynamic Torque Vectoring AWD with Driveline Disconnect. This surprisingly sophisticated system is found in the RAV4 TRD Off-Road, Adventure, and Limited, as well as the Highlander Limited and Highlander Platinum. As on the more basic system, the all-wheel-drive transfer case is integrated into the transmission, but between it and the driveshaft is a dog clutch that can completely disengage when only front-wheel-drive is needed, reducing drag on the system.

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A second dog clutch between the driveshaft and the rear differential further improves the system’s flexibility in metering out power appropriately. What’s more, clutch packs in the differential itself provide active torque vectoring—when one wheel loses traction and starts spinning, the clutches engage, sending power to the other wheel. By reducing its dependence on the brake-based traction control, the system is even better at keeping the vehicle moving forward.

The Toyota Highlander L, LE, and XLE use a similar all-wheel-drive system with a driveline disconnect, except they forego the dynamic torque vectoring component in favor of a simpler open differential that uses traction control to prevent wheelspin.

Electronic On-Demand AWD

It seems as though hybrid technology has the potential to make driveshafts of any kind obsolete. Don’t believe us? Take a look at the Toyota all-wheel-drive setup found under all trims of the RAV4 Hybrid and Highlander Hybrid.

In those vehicles, the rear wheels are driven solely by a single electric motor-generator, which receives power from the onboard hybrid battery. There’s no mechanical connection between the front and the rear wheels, and when extra traction isn’t required, the rear axle is disengaged (except on deceleration, when the rear wheels capture momentum through the motor-generator to recharge the battery).

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AWDe

Finally, there’s the Toyota Prius and its simpler AWDe system. As one might expect, this Toyota all-wheel-drive setup is designed to maximize fuel efficiency and minimize weight and drag. As such, the rear motor is an induction-type unit that’s only available at speeds below 43 mph. Like the system in the RAV4 and Highlander Hybrids, there’s no transfer case and no mechanical connection between the engine and the rear wheels.

Somewhat surprisingly, AWDe always provides motive force at speeds below 6 mph, even in dry conditions. That’s likely because the electric motors operate more efficiently than the gasoline engine at low speeds, helping reduce emissions and fuel consumption. If the system detects wheelslip above 6 mph, it will continue sending electricity to the rear motor until the Prius exceeds 43 mph. Predictably, the all-wheel-drive Prius is no off-roader or rally warrior—if you regularly plan on blasting your Toyota across the snowy landscape at high speed, get one of the other vehicles on this list. (Also, get your head examined and slow down, ya loon!)

Toyota All-Wheel-Drive Proliferation

Thanks to the Camry and Avalon, Toyota now offers all-wheel drive on most of its model lines (curiously, those sedans received four driven wheels before the C-HR crossover did). And while we auto enthusiasts are quick to suggest dedicated winter tires alongside (or even in lieu of) all-wheel drive, there’s no denying the benefit the systems add in some off-road situations and unpleasant weather.

Nevertheless, we remain impressed at the diversity of purpose found in the Toyota all-wheel-drive lineup, from the simple and cheap Dynamic Torque Control to the sophisticated Dynamic Torque Vectoring, to say nothing of the unusual and efficient hybrid systems. Now, about that rally-ready RAV4 All-Trac

What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control? How AWD Works in the RAV4 and Others

Monday, 16 March, 2020

Explaining the differences in Toyota’s all-wheel drive systems

Alex Leanse,

Mar 16, 2020, MOTORTREND

Distributing power between all four wheels makes it easier to keep driving through tough conditions, or simply have more confidence for whatever might come up the road. However, some all-wheel drive systems increase fuel consumption due to added mechanical exertion, even if added traction isn’t needed in a particular moment. Toyota Dynamic Torque Control All-Wheel Drive aims to solve that.

What is Toyota Dynamic Torque Control?

Introduced on the 2013 RAV4, Toyota Dynamic Torque Control AWD works to actively distribute torque between the front and rear axles, as well as the two rear wheels. It users an electromagnetic coupling ahead of the rear differential to engage or disengage the rear wheels as needed. The result is improved traction and enhanced driving stability.

This system, utilized to give the RAV4 AWD (along with the Highlander and other AWD Toyotas), uses a multitude of sensors to measure the vehicle’s speed and yaw, as well as the driver’s steering, throttle, and brake inputs. These work to determine when and how to distribute torque to the rear axle, and subsequently between the rear wheels.

By default, in normal, straight-line cruising, full engine torque is sent to the front wheels. Only driving the front wheels reduces mechanical strain, providing better fuel economy. However, anywhere from 10 to 50 percent of engine torque can be sent rearward in various conditions. When accelerating, the rear axle can be powered to aid traction. In certain steering conditions, the electromagnetic coupling can engage to send engine torque to the rear wheels. This reduces load on the front tires, tightens handling, and improves stability.

Certain Toyota models allow the driver to manually engage a 50:50 all-wheel drive torque split by pressing a button inside the cabin. The so-called all-wheel drive lock switch provides consistent, predictable torque delivery over snowy, muddy, or rocky surfaces. The 50:50 split disengages when the driver presses the button again, or speed exceeds 25 mph. Beginning in the 2019 RAV4 AWD, the lock switch was replaced by the Multi-Terrain Select system, which allows the driver to choose between modes for dirt and rock or mud and sand. There’s also a distinct snow mode. These optimize the RAV4 AWD system’s performance to the specific terrain. RAV4 Multi-Terrain Select disengages at 16 mph for rock and dirt mode, and at 25 mph for mud and sand or snow mode.

Toyota Dynamic Torque Vectoring

The newest version of the RAV4 AWD system is called Toyota Dynamic Torque Vectoring. In this updated application, the rear axle still receives up to 50 percent of engine torque. However, its differential contains two separate electromagnetic couplers, one for each wheel. Those can engage variably to distribute a split or all of that torque to either rear wheel. The result is improved traction and load distribution in cornering, as well as better off-road driving capability.

Toyota All-Wheel Drive Systems Explained: How They Work

In an automotive market that’s going crazy for crossovers and SUVs, one of the easiest ways to add to a vehicle’s consumer appeal is to jack it up and/or give it all-wheel drive. That’s part of why Toyota all-wheel-drive systems are making a comeback on a variety of models.

Signature Toyota machines like the Prius hybrid and Camry midsize sedan faltered somewhat at dealers in 2019—year-over-year sales of the Camry were down 1.9 percent, while the Prius slipped a staggering 20.4 percent, far outpacing the industry-average decline of 1.4 percent. To stem the slide, the 2019 Prius received an all-wheel-drive option, and the 2020 Camry is following suit alongside the 2020 Avalon fullsize four-door. Unlike some automakers, Toyota is reinvesting in its cars, recognizing the potential in those products (particularly considering there are only two other four-door sedans that offer all-wheel drive: the Nissan Altima and the Subaru Legacy).

See all 20 photos See all 20 photos

Toyota all-wheel-drive expertise goes back a long time. Back when “crossover” was a term used by DJs and not car shoppers, the Japanese automaker offered a rally-bred all-wheel-drive system called All-Trac on the Camry and Corolla sedans, Celica sports car, and Previa minivan. Unlike those early four-wheel-driven Toyota cars, the systems used in today’s Camry, Avalon, Prius, RAV4, and Highlander bear no specific branding—rumor has it Toyota let the All-Trac trademark lapse, though we think it’s high time it comes back, if only to channel the WRC glory of those old Castrol-branded Celicas.

’90s rally-car nostalgia aside, let’s delve into some of the particulars surrounding Toyota all-wheel drive, shall we?

Dynamic Torque Control AWD

The most basic Toyota all-wheel-drive system is found on the Avalon XLE and XLE Limited; Camry LE, Camry SE, Camry XLE, and Camry XSE; and the RAV4 LE, RAV4 XLE, and RAV4 XLE Premium. Called Dynamic Torque Control AWD, the system includes a transfer case integrated within the transmission with a driveshaft that leads to the rear wheels. An electromagnetic coupler between the driveshaft and the rear differential engages and disengages as needed, altering front/rear torque split between 100:0 and 50:50.

See all 20 photos See all 20 photos

The system isn’t able to vary power sent right and left once it hits the open rear differential, however. Instead, if the traction control system detects wheelslip on one wheel, it applies the brakes on that corner alone, equalizing the traction between both wheels and helping preserve (or re-initiate) forward momentum. However, braking to provide thrust is as counterintuitive as it sounds, even if it does effectively help route power to the wheel with grip.

Another limitation to the base system? The driveshaft is always spinning, even if the coupler isn’t engaged, leading to some additional parasitic drag in the driveline. As equipped in the Camry, Toyota acknowledges a 3-mpg combined drop in EPA fuel economy testing due to the all-wheel-drive system.

Dynamic Torque Vectoring AWD with Driveline Disconnect

Solving some of those woes in other Toyota all-wheel-drive offerings is Dynamic Torque Vectoring AWD with Driveline Disconnect. This surprisingly sophisticated system is found in the RAV4 TRD Off-Road, Adventure, and Limited, as well as the Highlander Limited and Highlander Platinum. As on the more basic system, the all-wheel-drive transfer case is integrated into the transmission, but between it and the driveshaft is a dog clutch that can completely disengage when only front-wheel-drive is needed, reducing drag on the system.

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A second dog clutch between the driveshaft and the rear differential further improves the system’s flexibility in metering out power appropriately. What’s more, clutch packs in the differential itself provide active torque vectoring—when one wheel loses traction and starts spinning, the clutches engage, sending power to the other wheel. By reducing its dependence on the brake-based traction control, the system is even better at keeping the vehicle moving forward.

The Toyota Highlander L, LE, and XLE use a similar all-wheel-drive system with a driveline disconnect, except they forego the dynamic torque vectoring component in favor of a simpler open differential that uses traction control to prevent wheelspin.

Electronic On-Demand AWD

It seems as though hybrid technology has the potential to make driveshafts of any kind obsolete. Don’t believe us? Take a look at the Toyota all-wheel-drive setup found under all trims of the RAV4 Hybrid and Highlander Hybrid.

In those vehicles, the rear wheels are driven solely by a single electric motor-generator, which receives power from the onboard hybrid battery. There’s no mechanical connection between the front and the rear wheels, and when extra traction isn’t required, the rear axle is disengaged (except on deceleration, when the rear wheels capture momentum through the motor-generator to recharge the battery).

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AWDe

Finally, there’s the Toyota Prius and its simpler AWDe system. As one might expect, this Toyota all-wheel-drive setup is designed to maximize fuel efficiency and minimize weight and drag. As such, the rear motor is an induction-type unit that’s only available at speeds below 43 mph. Like the system in the RAV4 and Highlander Hybrids, there’s no transfer case and no mechanical connection between the engine and the rear wheels.

Somewhat surprisingly, AWDe always provides motive force at speeds below 6 mph, even in dry conditions. That’s likely because the electric motors operate more efficiently than the gasoline engine at low speeds, helping reduce emissions and fuel consumption. If the system detects wheelslip above 6 mph, it will continue sending electricity to the rear motor until the Prius exceeds 43 mph. Predictably, the all-wheel-drive Prius is no off-roader or rally warrior—if you regularly plan on blasting your Toyota across the snowy landscape at high speed, get one of the other vehicles on this list. (Also, get your head examined and slow down, ya loon!)

Toyota All-Wheel-Drive Proliferation

Thanks to the Camry and Avalon, Toyota now offers all-wheel drive on most of its model lines (curiously, those sedans received four driven wheels before the C-HR crossover did). And while we auto enthusiasts are quick to suggest dedicated winter tires alongside (or even in lieu of) all-wheel drive, there’s no denying the benefit the systems add in some off-road situations and unpleasant weather.

Nevertheless, we remain impressed at the diversity of purpose found in the Toyota all-wheel-drive lineup, from the simple and cheap Dynamic Torque Control to the sophisticated Dynamic Torque Vectoring, to say nothing of the unusual and efficient hybrid systems. Now, about that rally-ready RAV4 All-Trac

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