Top 48 How Fast Is 60 Horsepower Top 96 Best Answers

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60 HP outboards: 30-40 mph.16′ aluminum boats are popular and a 60-hp engine will typically propel them from 25 mph to 30 mph top speed, depending on load.The constant 375 is because 1 hp = 375 lbf⋅mph.

Contents

How fast can a 60 hp go?

16′ aluminum boats are popular and a 60-hp engine will typically propel them from 25 mph to 30 mph top speed, depending on load.

How fast is 1 horsepower in mph?

The constant 375 is because 1 hp = 375 lbf⋅mph.

How much HP is 60 mph?

At 60 mph, a typical car needs 10 to 20 horsepower simply to maintain its speed. That energy level is needed to overcome wind resistance and the rolling resistance in the tires.

How fast is a horsepower?

Thus, horsepower is a unit to measure the forcefulness of a vehicle’s engine and basically the rate at which the engine works. A single unit of horsepower is equivalent to 33,000 pound-feet per minute. That means that horsepower reflects the power necessary to lift 33,000 over a foot in one minute.

How fast is a 60 hp jet ski?

With a 60 HP engine, you can expect a top speed of 42 MPH, while the acceleration time from 0-30 mph in 3.6 seconds. 900 HO ACE is a more powerful option for your Spark at 90 HP.

How many mph is 90 horsepower?

How Fast is 90 HP in MPH? While a 90 HP engine gives you 115-150 mph on a motorcycle, an engine with the same power can only hit 40-55 mph on the water. Examples: 90 HP motorcycles: 115-150 mph.

How fast can 10 hp go?

Note: Many factors can affect the real-world performance of the 10 HP outboard motor, including the boat type, load, weather, battery type and capacity. That’s to say, with one single charge, you can go over 40 miles at 5 mph speed.

How strong is 96 horsepower?

“Francis is a guy who has the world record for the most powerful punch. “His punches are equivalent to 96 horsepower. That’s equal to getting hit by a Ford Escort going as fast as it can and it’s more powerful than a 12-pound sledgehammer from full force overhead.

Is a 6.5 HP Go Kart fast?

Engine puts out around 6.5hp. This is our most powerful go kart motor. Top Speed 40-45 mph– Kart can go even faster with upgrades.

How fast is a 300 hp 3000 lbs car 1/4 mile times?

A vehicle weighs 3,000 pounds and has 300 horsepower of weight, usually taking around 12.46 seconds to travel; the ¼ mile trap speed will be around 108.61 mph at the end of the quarter mile.

What is average hp for a car?

The Typical Horsepower of a Car

In general, the average car will have about 120hp. Bigger SUVs and trucks might offer 200hp and smaller cars have around 70hp engines, on average.

What is a good horsepower for a car?

Cars with power ratings above 300 horsepower will usually be serious performance vehicles, and modern supercars will have more than 500 horsepower.

How much horsepower do a Lamborghini have?

Engine, Transmission, and Performance

The Aventador powertrain features a mid-mounted naturally aspirated 6.5-liter V-12 that develops 769 horsepower.

How much horsepower do you need to go 300 miles an hour?

The force required to push an object through the atmosphere increases at the cube of velocity. To translate, a car that needs 200 horsepower to overcome aerodynamic drag at 150 miles per hour, would need 1,600 horsepower, or eight times as much, to reach 300 miles per hour.

Is 500 horsepower a lot?

But the perfect amount of horsepower, in any car, is right near 500. Let me explain. First, 500 is nice and round, halfway between zero (a terrible amount) and 1,000 (way too much).

How fast will a 40 HP pontoon boat go?

A 40hp Pontoon boat with an average load of people can expect to reach speeds of around 10 – 15 mph. A lot depends on the size of the pontoon boat, how many people are on it, and the weather conditions.

How fast is 300 horsepower?

It has a small engine that can move a curb weight of 2300 lbs to a top speed of 140 mph.

Mercury 60hp Top Speed

How to Convert HP to MPH [HP to MPH Chart] – PowerSportsGuide

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How Fast is 1 Horsepower in MPH

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How to Convert HP to MPH [HP to MPH Chart] |

While no specific formula for the conversion of engine power (HP) to top speed (mph) exists, you can expect the following mph/HP ballpark figures in these vehicle categories:

Riding movers: 0.2-0.3 mph/HP

0.2-0.3 mph/HP F1 cars: 0.2 mph/HP

0.2 mph/HP Jet skis : 0.3-0.8 mph/HP

: 0.3-0.8 mph/HP Large outboards : 0.4-0.6 mph/HP

: 0.4-0.6 mph/HP Snowmobiles: 0.6-0.8 mph/HP

0.6-0.8 mph/HP Small outboards : 0.8-1.3 mph/HP

: 0.8-1.3 mph/HP Average cars: 0.6-1.1 mph/HP

0.6-1.1 mph/HP Large motorcycles: 0.8-1.6 mph/HP

0.8-1.6 mph/HP UTVs : 1-1.2 mph/HP

: 1-1.2 mph/HP ATVs: 1.5-5 mph/HP

1.5-5 mph/HP Small motorcycles: 3-10 mph/HP

If you wonder where these numbers came from and how you can convert engine HP to top speed mph, this post is for you.

We at PowerSportsGuide have compiled all you need to know under one roof!

You might also be interested in:

How to Convert CC to HP

How to Convert CC to MPH

How to Convert HP to MPH

Converting engine power (HP) into top speed (mph) – does this make any sense?

Many say it’s impossible since no two vehicles out there are the same.

For example, you can expect different top speed figures on a vessel than on a wheeled vehicle, even if the same type of engine powers them.

Because of this, there’s no specific formula for the conversion of engine HP to mph.

However, when you compare vehicles with different engines within a given category, you can see a noticeable relationship between engine power and speed.

To show some examples, we’ve paired the HP and top speed figures of some powersport vehicles:

ATVs:

(125cc) 6-8 HP = 25-40 mph (4-5 mph/HP)

(250cc) 15-35 HP = 35-45 mph (1.3-2.3 mph/HP)

(500cc) 30-40 HP = 50-60 mph (1.5-1.7 mph/HP)

(600cc) 40-45 HP = 60-65 mph (1.4-1.5 mph/HP)

(700cc) 40-50 HP = 70-75 mph (1.5-1.8 mph/HP)

Motorcycles:

(50cc) 3-9 HP = 35-50 mph (5-10 mph/HP)

(125cc) 10-15 HP = 65-70 mph (5-6 mph/HP)

(200cc) 15-25 HP = 65-90 mph (3.6-4.3 mph/HP)

(350cc) 35-45 HP = 100-120 mph (2.7-3 mph/HP)

(500cc) 45-60 HP = 100-130 mph (2-2.2 mph/HP)

(600cc) 55-130 HP = 100-165 mph (1.3-1.6 mph/HP)

(1000cc) 80-220 HP = 100-170 mph (0.8-1.3 mph/HP)

As one may expect, the larger HP ratings ensure higher top speed figures within a certain category. (But interestingly, smaller engines provide much better mph/HP ratios.)

Are you wondering if this holds true within each vehicle category? And how do different vehicle categories relate to one another?

Let’s drill into the details and discuss these questions in detail!

How Fast is 1 Horsepower in MPH?

“How fast is one HP in MPH?”

This question seems absurd at first glance since the features of different types of vehicles and vessels vary widely.

But we at PowerSportsGuide have conducted comprehensive research and compiled the mph/HP ratios of many different vehicles under one roof.

Based on our research, 1 HP translates to about 0.2-2 mph if we are discussing average vehicles and vessels.

More precisely, 1 HP equals 0.3-1.3 mph for vessels like smaller boats and jet skis, 0.6-1.2 mph for average cars and UTVs, 0.8-1.6 mph for most heavy and middleweight motorcycles, and 3-10 mph for lightweight motorcycles.

For your convenience we’ve listed some the “HP to mph conversion rates” for some common vehicle and vessel categories:

Riding movers: 17-24 HP = 4-6 mph (0.2-0.3 mph/HP)

17-24 HP = 4-6 mph (0.2-0.3 mph/HP) F1 cars: 900-1100 HP = 220-250 mph (0.2 mph/HP)

900-1100 HP = 220-250 mph (0.2 mph/HP) Jet skis : 60-300 HP = 40-70 mph (0.3-0.8 mph/HP)

: 60-300 HP = 40-70 mph (0.3-0.8 mph/HP) Large outboards : 50-150 HP = 35-55 mph (0.4-0.6 mph/HP)

: 50-150 HP = 35-55 mph (0.4-0.6 mph/HP) Snowmobiles: 120-210 HP = 90-120 mph (0.6-0.8 mph/HP)

120-210 HP = 90-120 mph (0.6-0.8 mph/HP) Small outboards : 20-25 HP = 15-30 mph (0.8-1.3 mph/HP)

: 20-25 HP = 15-30 mph (0.8-1.3 mph/HP) Average cars: 65-300 HP = 70-170 mph (0.6-1.1 mph/HP)

65-300 HP = 70-170 mph (0.6-1.1 mph/HP) Large motorcycles: 55-220 HP = 90-170 mph (0.8-1.6 mph/HP)

55-220 HP = 90-170 mph (0.8-1.6 mph/HP) UTVs : 50-170 HP = 50-85 mph (1-1.2 mph/HP)

: 50-170 HP = 50-85 mph (1-1.2 mph/HP) ATVs: 6-50 HP = 25-75 HP (1.5-5 mph/HP)

6-50 HP = 25-75 HP (1.5-5 mph/HP) Small motorcycles: 3-45 HP = 30-120 mph (3-10 mph/HP)

It’s no surprise that the slowest vehicles are utility machines like riding lawnmowers.

The engines of these machines generate 17-24 HP, which ensures a top speed of 4-6 mph. Dividing these numbers will result in an mph/HP ratio of 0.2-0.3; in other words, a riding lawnmower produces about 0.2-0.3 mph for one horsepower.

Surprisingly, you can find the mph/HP ratings of extremely fast F1 cars in the same ballpark.

How is this possible?

Although these high-performance cars can hit a top speed of 220-250 mph, they are powered by 900-1100 HP engines. We can see that 1 HP can only produce 0.2 mph in an F1 car if we do the math.

Regarding vessels, smaller (20-25 HP) outboards can propel boats up to 15-30 mph resulting in a mph/HP ratio of 0.8-1.3. In contrast, larger outboards typically only provide 0.4-0.6 mph for 1 HP. Sure, it strongly depends on the boat’s type, weight, and features.

Jet skis are known for their amazing performance; most of them are powered by 60-300 HP engines. But due to the water’s high resistance, they top out at 40-70 mph. Finally, a jet ski engine can provide 0.3-0.8 mph for one horsepower.

You can expect to get 0.6-0.8 mph from one horsepower on 600-1000cc snowmobiles since the top speed of these 120-210 HP machines ranges from 90 mph up to 120 mph.

There’s no question that one of the most exciting categories is motorcycles.

Thanks to their high-performance engines, middleweight, and heavy motorcycles have 55-200 HP, translating to a top speed of 90-170 mph (0.8-1.6 mph/HP).

On the other end of the spectrum, you can find lightweight motorcycles. These 300cc-350cc machines give you about 3 mph for every horsepower, while the 125-200cc category vehicle produces 3.5-5 mph per 1 HP.

The best mph/HP ratios are claimed by the tiny 50cc motorcycles. These bikes generate 3-9 HP and can go as fast as 30-50 mph, which results in an outstanding mph/HP ratio of 5-10!

HP to MPH Conversion Chart

Let’s compare some vehicle categories by their mph/HP ratios in one chart!

Displ. HP MPH MPH/HP Category 50cc 3-9 30-50 5-10 Motorcycles 125cc 10-15 60-75 5-6 Motorcycles 125cc 6-8 25-40 4-5 ATVs 150cc 10-11 30-40 3-3.6 Go-Karts 200cc 9 30 3.3 Snowmobiles 200cc 15-25 65-90 3.6-4.3 Motorcycles 250cc 15-35 35-45 1-2.5 ATVs 300cc 30-40 90-115 2.8-3 Motorcycles 350cc 35-45 100-120 2.7-3 Motorcycles 350cc 20 15-25 0.8-1.3 Outboards 500cc 25 20-30 0.8-1.2 Outboards 500cc 17-20 4-6 0.2-0.3 Riding mowers 500cc 30-40 50-60 1.5-1.7 ATVs 500cc 45-60 90-130 2-2.2 Motorcycles 600cc 18-22 4-6 0.2-0.3 Riding mowers 600cc 40-45 60-65 1.4-1.5 ATVs 600cc 55-130 90-165 1.3-1.6 Motorcycles 600cc 120-130 90-110 0.8 Snowmobiles 700cc 20-24 5-7 0.3 Riding mowers 700cc 40-50 70-75 1.5-1.8 ATVs 800cc 50-65 50-65 1-1.1 UTVs 800cc 54-60 80-90 1.5 Cars 800cc 65-150 90-170 1.1-1.4 Motorcycles 800cc 160-170 110-120 0.7 Snowmobiles 900cc 75-90 60-80 0.8-0.9 UTVs 900cc 60-90 40-50 0.6-0.7 Jet skis 900cc 65-150 90-170 1.1-1.4 Motorcycles 900cc 160-170 80-120 0.5-0.7 Snowmobiles 1000cc 60-170 70-85 0.5-1.2 UTVs 1000cc 65-140 70-90 0.6-1.1 Cars 1000cc 50-70 35-40 0.6-0.7 Outboards 1000cc 90-120 45-55 0.5 Jet skis 1000cc 80-220 100-170 0.8-1.3 Motorcycles 1000cc 200-210 100-120 0.5-0.6 Snowmobiles 1200cc 80-160 100-140 0.9-1.3 Airplances 1500cc 18-25 20-25 1-1.1 Tractors 1500cc 100-200 120-170 0.9-1.2 Cars 1500cc 75-115 35-50 0.4-0.5 Outboards 1500cc 160-310 60-70 0.2-0.4 Jet skis 1600cc 900-1100 220-250 0.2 F1 cars 1800cc 30-45 20-25 0.6-0.7 Tractors 1800cc 75-115 35-50 0.4-0.5 Outboards 1800cc 140-240 120-170 0.8-0.9 Cars 1800cc 180-250 60-70 0.3 Jet skis 2000cc 150-300 120-170 0.6-0.8 Cars 3000cc 115-150 35-55 0.3-0.4 Outboards 3000cc 250-400+ 130-170 0.4-0.5 Cars

Disclaimer: Please consider this list a collection of some hard numbers, posted only for information purposes. You will likely find some machines with better or poorer mph/HP figures if you do your research. But it’s safe to say that most stock vehicles fall into these ranges.

Conclusion – How Much Speed Do Different Engines Produce?

How Fast is 1 HP in MPH?

As a rule of thumb, 1 HP equals 0.2-2 mph for average cars, most powersport vehicles, and small vessels. You can only expect higher numbers from certain vehicle categories, including ATVs (1.5-5 mph/HP) and lightweight motorcycles (3-10 mph/HP).

How Fast is 3 HP in MPH?

A 3 HP wheeled vehicle can typically reach 20-30 mph, depending on its type, features, and rider weight.

Examples:

3 HP (50cc) motorcycles: 25-30 mph

3 HP (80cc) go-karts: 20-25 mph

How Fast is 5 HP in MPH?

You can expect to reach about 25-30 mph from a 5 HP engine in a go-kart or a motorcycle, while a 5 HP outboard can produce 5-20 mph depending on the boat’s features.

Examples:

5 HP motorcycles: 25-30 mph

5 HP go-karts: 25-30 mph

5 HP outboards: 5-20 mph

How Fast is 7 HP in MPH?

A 7 HP engine can propel a vehicle at 25-35 mph. You can find these tiny engines in go-karts and the smallest motorcycles.

7 HP motorcycles: 30-35 ph

7 HP go-kart: 25-30 mph

How Fast is 10 HP in MPH?

A 10 HP engine typically offers a top speed of 30-60 mph in wheeled vehicles and 5-25 mph on the water.

Examples:

10 HP motorcycles: 40-60 mph

10 HP go-karts: 30-40 mph

10 HP outboards: 5-25 mph

How Fast is 13 HP in MPH?

You can expect to reach a top speed of 40-60 mph on a 13 HP powersport vehicle.

Examples:

13 HP motorcycles: 45-60 mph

13 HP go-karts: 40-60 mph

How Fast is 16 HP in MPH?

A 16 HP engine can propel a stock powersport vehicle up to 40-70 mph.

Examples:

16 HP motorcycles: 50-70 mph

16 HP go-karts: 40-60 mph

How Fast is 18 HP in MPH?

An average vehicle can hit a top speed of 50-75 mph with an 18 HP engine.

Examples:

18 HP motorcycles: 60-75 mph

18 HP go-karts: 50-65 mph

How Fast is 20 HP in MPH?

You can find 20 HP engines in many different utility and recreational vehicles, the fastest ones can reach top speeds of up to 80 mph.

While 20 HP riding lawnmowers top out at only 4-6 mph, lively motorcycles with the same engine power can reach a remarkable top speed of 65-80 mph.

As far as vessels, small boats with a 20 HP outboard motor can hit 15-25 mph with ease.

Examples:

20 HP riding lawnmowers: 4-6 mph

20 HP motorcycles: 65-80 mph

20 HP ATVs: 30-40 mph

20 HP outboards: 15-25 mph

How Fast is 25 HP in MPH?

You can expect to get about 35-50 mph from a 25 HP engine on an ATV and 70-90 mph on a motorcycle.

25 HP ATVs: 35-50 mph

25 HP motorcycles: 70-90 mph

25 HP outboards: 20-30 mph

How Fast is 30 HP in MPH?

Powersport vehicles with a 30 HP engine can go as fast as 40-100 mph, while an average small boat with a 30 HP outboard can hit 20-30 mph.

30 HP ATVs: 40-55 mph

30 HP motorcycles: 80-100 mph

30 HP outboards: 20-30 mph

How Fast is 36 HP in MPH?

You can find 36 HP engines in lightweight motorcycles, which typically can hit a top speed of 90-105 mph.

How Fast is 50 HP in MPH?

A 50 HP vehicle can typically reach 50-120 mph, depending on its type and features. In contrast, an average boat with a 50 HP motor can usually hit 30-35 mph.

Examples:

50 HP motorcycles: 100-120 mph

50 HP ATVs: 60-75 mph

50 HP UTVs: 50-60 mph

50 HP outboard: 30-35 mph

How Fast is 60 HP in MPH?

The top speed of 60 HP vehicles varies widely but typically ranges from 40 mph to 130 mph. In contrast, vessels like jet skis and small boats with 60 HP engines can barely exceed a top speed of 40-45 mph.

Examples:

60 HP motorcycles: 110-130 mph

60 HP UTVs: 60-65 mph

60 HP jet skis: 40-45 mph

60 HP outboards: 30-40 mph

How Fast is 70 HP in MPH?

A car with a 70 HP engine can reach a top speed of 70-90 mph, and 70 HP motorcycles top out at 110-150 mph.

Examples:

70 HP UTVs: 60-70 mph

70 HP cars: 70-90 mph

70 HP motorcycles: 110-150 mph

How Fast is 75 HP in MPH?

75 HP engines typically offer a top speed of 65-150 mph in a wheeled vehicle. On the water, a 75 HP engine can propel a boat to 40-50 mph.

Examples:

75 HP motorcycles: 110-150 mph

75 HP UTV: 65-75 mph

75 HP outboard: 40-50 mph

How Fast is 90 HP in MPH?

While a 90 HP engine gives you 115-150 mph on a motorcycle, an engine with the same power can only hit 40-55 mph on the water.

Examples:

90 HP motorcycles: 115-150 mph

90 HP jet skis: 50-55 mph

90 HP outboards: 40-45 mph

How Fast is 100 horsepower?

You can expect to get about 90-150 mph from a 100 HP engine on the road and about 40-55 mph on the water.

Examples:

100 HP cars: 90-120 mph

100 HP motorcycles: 120-150 mph

100 HP jet skis: 50-55 mph

100 HP outboards: 40-50 mph

How Fast is 150 Horsepower?

A vehicle can hit a top speed of 90-170 mph with a 150 HP engine. In contrast, a 150 HP engine can propel small recreational vessels to 40-65 mph.

Examples:

150 HP cars: 90-130 mph

150 HP motorcycles: 120-170 mph

150 HP jet skis: 55-65 mph

150 HP outboards: 40-60 mph

How Fast is 200 Horsepower?

When it comes to the 200 HP engine category, an average car can reach a top speed of 130-150 mph, while 200 HP motorcycles top out at 140-170 mph.

You can expect a more moderate, 45-80 mph from a 200 HP engine on the water.

Examples:

200 HP cars: 130-150 mph

200 HP motorcycles: 140-170 mph

200 HP jet skis: 60-70 mph

200 HP outboards: 45-80 mph

How Fast is 300 HP in MPH?

The top speed of 300 HP vehicles ranges from 130 mph to a whopping 240 mph.

Examples:

300 HP cars: 130-160 mph

300 HP motorcycles: 180-240 mph

300 HP jet skis: 65-70 mph

300 HP outboards: 50-100+ mph

How Fast can 400 HP Go?

You can expect to reach a top speed of 150-200 mph in a 400 HP car and 55-120 mph in a 400 HP boat.

Examples:

400 HP cars: 150-200 mph

400 HP outboards: 55-120 mph

How Fast is 500 Horsepower?

A car can hit a top speed of 160-210 mph with a 500 HP engine, while 500 HP boats usually only reach 55-120 mph.

Examples:

500 HP cars: 160-210 mph

500 HP outboards: 55-120 mph

How Fast is 600 Horsepower?

A 600 HP car can typically reach 160-210 mph, depending on its type and features.

Examples:

600 HP cars: 160-210 mph

600 HP outboards: 70-120 mph

How Fast is 800 Horsepower?

Hypercars with 800 HP engines can easily reach a top speed of 180-220 mph.

How Fast is 1000 HP in MPH?

A 1000 HP car can reach top speeds of 200-250 mph as a rule of thumb. You can find 1000 HP engines in F1 cars and many high-end hypercars.

How Fast is 1500 HP in MPH?

Like their 1000 HP brothers, 1500 HP vehicles top out at 200-250 mph under ideal conditions.

How Fast is a 2000 HP?

The most powerful street vehicles with 2000 HP engines can go as fast as 220-270 mph.

Conclusion

There’s no magic formula for converting engine HP to mph, as the top speed of different vehicles depends on countless factors like their type, design, and engine features.

For example, a 3 HP motorcycle can go as fast as 30 mph, which means you get 10 mph out of every horsepower. In contrast, a 1000cc, 80-220 HP motorcycle tops out at 100-170 mph, providing only 0.8-1.3 per HP.

Another example of interest is comparing GP motorcycles to small outboards. A boat with a 25 HP (500cc) outboard can only reach 20-30 mph, while the same displacement racing engine can produce 200-240 HP and propel a GP motorcycle to 220-250 mph.

Surprisingly, both machines can produce about 1 mph per 1 HP!

But even if there’s no strict correlation between HP and mph figures, we can calculate a “conversion number” for the various vehicle categories.

Based on our research, 1 HP equals 0.2-2 mph for most cars and many powersport vehicles. ATVs and lightweight motorcycles stand out from the crowd with their HP/cc ratios of 1.5-10.

(Please consider these figures as hard numbers that can be applied to many stock vehicles and vessels.)

Engine Buying Tips: How to Select the Right Horsepower for an Outboard Boat

The engine is the most important and most costly component in your boat. To a large extent, as does the engine, so does your boating experience. Making a mistake on your propulsion package — either underpowering or overpowering your boat — can be costly. Here we present Installment #7 from Martha Comfort’s Boat-Buying Handbook.

Do you want to go 75 mph or 7 knots? The speed of your boat is one of its most important attributes. Make a mistake and it will cost you dearly.

Speed and the Boat’s Hull

The speed you need will be an important factor in engine selection. If you wish to travel at Mach1, you will find the purchase price of your engine and boat will be high. The hull which houses those expensive turbocharged or supercharged hotrods has to be incredibly strong because the faster your boat hits the water, the harder it gets. Just think of your car running over a series of speed bumps placed every 30′ across the road, then imagine what would happen to your car if you traveled over a mile or two of those bumps at 70 mph!

The more high-technology materials, such as Kevlar and carbon fiber, that are used in the hull, and the more stringers and bulkheads that need to be put into the boat, to say nothing of a thicker, cored laminate, the more the hull will cost. If you ever wondered why high-performance boats are so expensive with so little inside them, now you know.

With these things in mind, let us now look at eight major types of small boats and see what engines might be best for your application —

1. RIBs and Inflatables

Inflatables and RIBs are not as easy to power as one might think. The days of the little kickers are over except for the compact inflatables that one can roll up and store in a boat’s lazarette or trunk of a car. Usually, the weight of the engine and how much the owner can lug will be the determining factor on max horsepower, usually, 9.9 to 25-hp for small inflatables.

RIBs take more horsepower because they are far heavier than inflatable boats. All boats are weight-sensitive, and RIBs are no exception. For that reason, owners should get as light an engine as possible that has a lot of low-end torque. That is why 2-stroke outboards are often favored by many RIB owners.

RIBs take more horsepower and need strong low-end torque.

Many RIBs actually draw more water than a similar-sized all-glass or aluminum boat because so much of the beam is the inflatable tube itself, which is not submerged as much as is the fiberglass hull it is attached to. This means more horsepower is needed until they are on plane, and then they fly due to reduced wetted surface.

The key with RIBs is to get the boat on plane without having to put everyone in the bow to trim the boat while it is building up speed. Depending on the size of the RIB, we would recommend from 40-hp to 50-hp as a minimum on the small end, say 12’ to 14’. Here, we recommend 2-stroke engines. The really big RIBs can have two or three big outboards on their transom and they need them in order to go fast and carry a load.

2. Aluminum Outboard-Powered Boats

These boats can be powered by anything from 50-hp to 300-hp, depending on the size of the boat and the mission. Typically, these boats are used for fishing, so the size of the engine depends on the load to be carried and how fast the owner wants to go and how far. We recommend that boat buyers calculate the anticipated total weight of the boat with passengers, fuel and gear, then decide what best cruise speed they want to attain if they plan on fairly long runs.

Alumacraft Edge 185 Sport

When equipped with 250-hp or 300-hp outboards, these types of aluminum fishing boats can typically have a WOT of 55 mph to 60 mph, or a bit more with two people aboard. But you don’t have to put engines that large and expensive on a 16’ to 24’ aluminum fishing boat. Boats in this size range with 115-hp to 150-hp engines typically have their best planing fuel economy in the 23-mph to 28-mph range with these size engines and have a WOT in the high 30s or mid-40 mph range.

Before moving up into the large outboard engines, make sure that you really need that much horsepower. Some 90-hp engines in 18’ aluminum boats with two people aboard will perform almost as well at cruise and have a WOT in the low 40s.

16′ aluminum boats are popular and a 60-hp engine will typically propel them from 25 mph to 30 mph top speed, depending on load.
[Check out BoatTEST.com’s “Aluminum Fishboat” type to get a good idea of what you might need…]
3. Bass Boats

These very specialized boats are designed for one purpose only — bass fishing on relatively small and calm bodies of freshwater. For many anglers, their bass boat is a thing of rare beauty and they treat their boats much like collectors of antique cars pamper their classic (and expensive) automobiles. While virtually all builders of bass boats design them for tournament fishing, most people who buy them actually do not enter tournaments and instead use them for low-key recreation fishing enjoyment.

Having identified at least three categories of bass boat owner (tournament anglers, casual fishermen, and bass-boat aficionados), it is not surprising that the power needed for all three purposes would be quite different. Boat-builders and engine makers spend millions of dollars each year promoting bass boats powered by very large outboard engines.

Ranger Z520C.

Anglers engaged in tournament fishing are going to want the biggest engine on the transom that the boat is rated for, in most cases, and that means from 225-hp to 300-hp. But more casual anglers, particularly ones fishing on smallish lakes, have no need for such prodigious amounts of horsepower.

For example, a 2,800-lb. fiberglass bass boat powered by a 150-hp outboard will have a WOT speed in the 50-mph range, and will have its most economical cruise in the mid-30s with two people aboard. Who needs to go faster than that? If your lake is small, perhaps an even lower horsepower engine would serve the purpose. In that case, your major consideration would be finding a like-minded angler come re-sale time.

Traditionally, bass boats have been the domain of 2-stroke outboard engines. They are light-weight and have a lot of low-end torque which makes for fast hole shots.
[Check out BoatTEST.com’s performance tests of bass boats to get a better picture of what you need…]
4. Bay Boats and Skiffs

Like bass boats, bay boats are designed for a very specific application – saltwater fishing in skinny, protected conditions. Bay boats go where the water is flat, so like the bass boat, they don’t need much freeboard. And, like the bass boat, their bottoms are relatively flat, like that of a skiff, and if powered by large outboards they can go lickity-split.

Builders and engine makers often display these boats — which are typically 16’ to 24’ long — with 250-hp to 300-hp engines. You must ask yourself, how fast and how far do you need to go on an average fishing trip? The answer may be 50 miles or more, in which case you may well want the extra juice so that you don’t spend all of your time traveling to and from the fishing spot.

On the other hand, if you will be fishing just a few miles from home or the launch ramp, why do you need all of that horsepower? Perhaps 100-hp or 150-hp is all you need. Again, the best cruise speeds and WOT speeds of the boat should be your guide, given the body of water, you’ll be ranging over.

Unlike bass boat owners, bay boat owners do not care so much about hole shot speed so they are open to both 2-stroke and 4-stroke engines, so long as they are competitive in fuel economy. But remember, 4-stroke engines have weak low-rpm torque. They will not be as quick to plane as will be a 2-stroke engine.

5. Sportboats, Runabouts, and Deckboats

Something on the order of 90% of all sportboats are powered by sterndrive engines. However, in the last five years or so there has been a resurgence of interest in outboard power for sportboats as more and more builders have made these models available. This development is giving consumers a good option that they largely did not have 10 years ago.

When selecting power for a sportboat perhaps the most important thing to avoid is under-powering the boat. Some boat builders and dealers typically will install 3.0L 135-hp engines in the smallest sportboats to keep the total price of the boat as low as possible. They call them “entry-level” boats. This package might be sufficient for a youngster just starting out or for a newbie couple, but for slalom skiing and hauling a boat full of guests it is simply not enough.

A single 115 to 150-hp engine can produce a reasonable performance for an entry-level fiberglass sportboat from 17′-19′, depending on the load. With it, a powerboat in this range can have a top speed from 40 to 45 mph, with cruising speeds in the mid-20s.

Four Winns HD 270 OB.

Consumer Caveat: Be careful not to overpower a small boat of any type. Always follow the USCG max hp rating that appears on the plate on every boat. Over-powering a boat can make them hard to control and dangerous.

Larger fiberglass boats will need larger engines and today we are seeing 22′ to 25′ sportboats powered by 250-hp to 300-hp engines.

For Towing Sports: Boat owners wanting to tow waterskiers and wakeboarders should consider engines with strong torque in the lower RPM ranges because it takes lots of power to get participants up on their boards. And even more, power is required when there is a boatload of guests.

6. Center Console, Walkaround and OB Small Express

Anglers going long distances will want to carefully balance fuel consumption, best cruise speed, and range. After a long day of fishing, it is no fun coming back at night to an island, or even a poorly marked inlet at low speed because of low fuel. It is always wise in a small boat to get back before sundown, and that means you have to know how fast you can go with the fuel you have left onboard, and what time to bring the lines in.

Center console boats from 20′-25′ can usually perform well with a single outboard from 200 to 300-hp, depending on load and top speed expectations. Over 25′-26′, twin engines are typically recommended.

Consumer Caveat: Buyers should remember that most boat tests are done with just two people aboard. All small boats are weight-sensitive, so owners planning on loading a boat with guests should plan on robust power options.

Big Single or Smaller Twins? All outboard engines are much more reliable than they were 15 years ago. As a result, many offshore anglers are opting for the advantages of a larger single rather than smaller twins, equaling the same horsepower. Twins will weigh more and burn more fuel at a given RPM and speed — thus reducing range. On the other hand, some anglers feel more comfortable offshore with redundant power. Take your pick.

Scout 350 LXF.

Somewhere around 25’ most boats going offshore will be powered by twin outboards, typically from 200-hp to 250-hp. Around 33′ to 35’ offshore anglers in center consoles will hang three engines on the transom with anything from 225-hp to 350-hp each. At about 40’ some center consoles and express fishboats start hanging four engines. Whether or not all of this expensive iron on the transom is necessary is a matter for the individual buyer to decide depending on his or her mission.

Make sure you know what octane fuel your large outboard is recommended to run on. Some require high test fuel.
[For a good idea of the speeds and fuel consumption you can expect for center console look at BoatTEST.com’s tests…]
8. Pontoon Boats

For the last decade, pontoon boats have been the most popular type of boat on the market. The invention of the tri-toon and new center console designs have made pontoon boats faster so that they can now be used for skiing and towing, in addition to cruising and entertaining.

Most pontoon boats have twin toons and these are displacement boats; they can only be pushed so fast and adding big engines will not make them go faster and is counterproductive. Depending on how large and heavy the twin toon is, most can be pushed close to their maximum speed with a single 90-hp engine, and many people are quite content with a 50-hp engine driving their toons.

Tri-toons are another story. Because of their added buoyancy, these boats can get up and plane and typically have WOT speeds in the 40-mph range. Some new tri-toons can go 55 mph to 60 mph when powered with twin 300-hp engines. There is even one large pontoon boat on the market with triple 300-hp engines. They can be powered with 150-hp to 300-hp single engines.
[Look at BoatTEST.com’s tests of pontoon boats to get an idea of how much horsepower you will need…]
Towing Considerations: Owners wishing to tow water skiers or wakeboarders must buy a tri-toon. Because all tri-toons are hard to get up to what we might consider “planing speeds,” an engine with strong low-end torque is advisable.

Horsepower

Unit of power with different values

Horsepower mechanical horsepower lifts 550 Onelifts 550 pounds (250 kg) by 1 foot in 1 second General information Unit of power Symbol hp

Horsepower (hp) is a unit of measurement of power, or the rate at which work is done, usually in reference to the output of engines or motors. There are many different standards and types of horsepower. Two common definitions used today are the mechanical horsepower (or imperial horsepower), which is about 745.7 watts and the metric horsepower, which is approximately 735.5 watts.

The term was adopted in the late 18th century by Scottish engineer James Watt to compare the output of steam engines with the power of draft horses. It was later expanded to include the output power of other types of piston engines, as well as turbines, electric motors and other machinery.[1][2] The definition of the unit varied among geographical regions. Most countries now use the SI unit watt for measurement of power. With the implementation of the EU Directive 80/181/EEC on 1 January 2010, the use of horsepower in the EU is permitted only as a supplementary unit.[3]
History [ edit ]
The development of the steam engine provided a reason to compare the output of horses with that of the engines that could replace them. In 1702, Thomas Savery wrote in The Miner’s Friend:[4]
So that an engine which will raise as much water as two horses, working together at one time in such a work, can do, and for which there must be constantly kept ten or twelve horses for doing the same. Then I say, such an engine may be made large enough to do the work required in employing eight, ten, fifteen, or twenty horses to be constantly maintained and kept for doing such a work…

The idea was later used by James Watt to help market his improved steam engine. He had previously agreed to take royalties of one third of the savings in coal from the older Newcomen steam engines.[5] This royalty scheme did not work with customers who did not have existing steam engines but used horses instead.

Watt determined that a horse could turn a mill wheel 144 times in an hour (or 2.4 times a minute).[6] The wheel was 12 feet (3.7 m) in radius; therefore, the horse travelled 2.4 × 2π × 12 feet in one minute. Watt judged that the horse could pull with a force of 180 pounds-force (800 N). So:

P = W t = F d t = 180 lbf × 2.4 × 2 π × 12 ft 1 min = 32,572 ft ⋅ lbf min . {\displaystyle P={\frac {W}{t}}={\frac {Fd}{t}}={\frac {180~{\text{lbf}}\times 2.4\times 2\,\pi \times 12~{\text{ft}}}{1~{\text{min}}}}=32{,}572~{\frac {{\text{ft}}\cdot {\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}.}

Watt defined and calculated the horsepower as 32,572 ft⋅lbf/min, which was rounded to an even 33,000 ft⋅lbf/min.[7]
Watt determined that a pony could lift an average 220 lbf (0.98 kN) 100 ft (30 m) per minute over a four-hour working shift.[8] Watt then judged a horse was 50% more powerful than a pony and thus arrived at the 33,000 ft⋅lbf/min figure.[9][better source needed] Engineering in History recounts that John Smeaton initially estimated that a horse could produce 22,916 foot-pounds (31,070 N⋅m) per minute.[10] John Desaguliers had previously suggested 44,000 foot-pounds (59,656 N⋅m) per minute, and Tredgold suggested 27,500 foot-pounds (37,285 N⋅m) per minute. “Watt found by experiment in 1782 that a ‘brewery horse’ could produce 32,400 foot-pounds [43,929 N⋅m] per minute.”[11] James Watt and Matthew Boulton standardized that figure at 33,000 foot-pounds (44,742 N⋅m) per minute the next year.[11]
A common legend states that the unit was created when one of Watt’s first customers, a brewer, specifically demanded an engine that would match a horse, and chose the strongest horse he had and driving it to the limit. Watt, while aware of the trick, accepted the challenge and built a machine that was actually even stronger than the figure achieved by the brewer, and the output of that machine became the horsepower.[12]
In 1993, R. D. Stevenson and R. J. Wassersug published correspondence in Nature summarizing measurements and calculations of peak and sustained work rates of a horse.[13] Citing measurements made at the 1926 Iowa State Fair, they reported that the peak power over a few seconds has been measured to be as high as 14.9 hp (11.1 kW)[14] and also observed that for sustained activity, a work rate of about 1 hp (0.75 kW) per horse is consistent with agricultural advice from both the 19th and 20th centuries and also consistent with a work rate of about four times the basal rate expended by other vertebrates for sustained activity.[13]
When considering human-powered equipment, a healthy human can produce about 1.2 hp (0.89 kW) briefly (see orders of magnitude) and sustain about 0.1 hp (0.075 kW) indefinitely; trained athletes can manage up to about 2.5 hp (1.9 kW) briefly[15] and 0.35 hp (0.26 kW) for a period of several hours.[16] The Jamaican sprinter Usain Bolt produced a maximum of 3.5 hp (2.6 kW) 0.89 seconds into his 9.58 second 100-metre (109.4 yd) dash world record in 2009.[17]
Calculating power [ edit ]
When torque T is in pound-foot units, rotational speed N is in rpm, the resulting power in horsepower is

P [ hp ] = T [ ft ⋅ lbf ] × N [ rpm ] 5252 . {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {T[{\text{ft}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}]\times N[{\text{rpm}}]}{5252}}.} [18]
The constant 5252 is the rounded value of (33,000 ft⋅lbf/min)/(2π rad/rev).

When torque T is in inch-pounds,

P [ hp ] = T [ in ⋅ lbf ] × N [ rpm ] 63,025 . {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {T[{\text{in}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}]\times N[{\text{rpm}}]}{63{,}025}}.}

The constant 63,025 is the approximation of

33,000 ft ⋅ lbf min × 12 in ft 2 π rad ≈ 63,025 in ⋅ lbf min . {\displaystyle 33{,}000~{\frac {{\text{ft}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}\times {\frac {12~{\frac {\text{in}}{\text{ft}}}}{2\pi ~{\text{rad}}}}\approx 63{,}025{\frac {{\text{in}}{\cdot }{\text{lbf}}}{\text{min}}}.}

Definitions [ edit ]
The following definitions have been or are widely used:[citation needed]
In certain situations it is necessary to distinguish between the various definitions of horsepower and thus a suffix is added: hp(I) for mechanical (or imperial) horsepower, hp(M) for metric horsepower, hp(S) for boiler (or steam) horsepower and hp(E) for electrical horsepower.

Mechanical horsepower [ edit ]
Assuming the third CGPM (1901, CR 70) definition of standard gravity, g n = 9.80665 m/s2, is used to define the pound-force as well as the kilogram force, and the international avoirdupois pound (1959), one mechanical horsepower is:

1 hp ≡ 33,000 ft·lbf/min by definition = 550 ft⋅lbf/s since 1 min = 60 s = 550 × 0.3048 × 0.45359237 m⋅kgf/s since 1 ft ≡ 0.3048 m and 1 lb ≡ 0.45359237 kg = 76.0402249 kg f ⋅m/s = 76.0402249 × 9.80665 kg⋅m2/s3 since g = 9.80665 m/s2 ≈ 745.700 W since 1 W ≡ 1 J/s = 1 N⋅m/s = 1 (kg⋅m/s2)⋅(m/s)

Or given that 1 hp = 550 ft⋅lbf/s, 1 ft = 0.3048 m, 1 lbf ≈ 4.448 N, 1 J = 1 N⋅m, 1 W = 1 J/s: 1 hp ≈ 746 W

Metric horsepower (PS, cv, hk, pk, ks, ch) [ edit ]
metric horsepower is needed to lift 75 Oneis needed to lift 75 kilograms by 1 metre in 1 second

The various units used to indicate this definition (PS, KM, cv, hk, pk, ks and ch) all translate to horse power in English. British manufacturers often intermix metric horsepower and mechanical horsepower depending on the origin of the engine in question.

DIN 66036 defines one metric horsepower as the power to raise a mass of 75 kilograms against the Earth’s gravitational force over a distance of one metre in one second:[19] 75 kg × 9.80665 m/s2 × 1 m / 1 s = 75 kgf ⋅m/s = 1 PS. This is equivalent to 735.49875 W, or 98.6% of an imperial mechanical horsepower. In 1972, the PS was replaced by the kilowatt as the official power-measuring unit in EEC directives.[20][failed verification]
Other names for the metric horsepower are the Italian cavallo vapore (cv), Dutch paardenkracht (pk), the French cheval-vapeur (ch), the Spanish caballo de vapor and Portuguese cavalo-vapor (cv), the Russian лошадиная сила (л. с.), the Swedish hästkraft (hk), the Finnish hevosvoima (hv), the Estonian hobujõud (hj), the Norwegian and Danish hestekraft (hk), the Hungarian lóerő (LE), the Czech koňská síla and Slovak konská sila (k or ks), the Bosnian/Croatian/Serbian konjska snaga (KS), the Bulgarian конска сила, the Macedonian коњска сила (KC), the Polish koń mechaniczny (KM), Slovenian konjska moč (KM), the Ukrainian кінська сила (к. с.), the Romanian cal-putere (CP), and the German Pferdestärke (PS).

In the 19th century, the French had their own unit, which they used instead of the CV or horsepower. Based on a 100 kgf⋅m/s standard, it was called the poncelet and was abbreviated p.

Tax horsepower [ edit ]
Tax or fiscal horsepower is a non-linear rating of a motor vehicle for tax purposes.[21] Tax horsepower ratings were originally more or less directly related to the size of the engine; but as of 2000, many countries changed over to systems based on CO 2 emissions, so are not directly comparable to older ratings. The Citroën 2CV is named for its French fiscal horsepower rating, “deux chevaux” (2CV).

Electrical horsepower [ edit ]
Nameplates on electrical motors show their power output, not the power input (the power delivered at the shaft, not the power consumed to drive the motor). This power output is ordinarily stated in watts or kilowatts. In the United States, the power output is stated in horsepower, which for this purpose is defined as exactly 746 W.[22]
Hydraulic horsepower [ edit ]
Hydraulic horsepower can represent the power available within hydraulic machinery, power through the down-hole nozzle of a drilling rig,[23] or can be used to estimate the mechanical power needed to generate a known hydraulic flow rate.

It may be calculated as[23]
hydraulic power = pressure × volumetric flow rate 1714 , {\displaystyle {\text{hydraulic power}}={\frac {{\text{pressure}}\times {\text{volumetric flow rate}}}{1714}},}

where pressure is in psi, and flow rate is in US gallons per minute.

Drilling rigs are powered mechanically by rotating the drill pipe from above. Hydraulic power is still needed though, as 1 500 to 5 000 W are required to push mud through the drill bit to clear waste rock. Additional hydraulic power may also be used to drive a down-hole mud motor to power directional drilling.[23]
When using SI units, the equation becomes coherent and there is no dividing constant.

hydraulic power = pressure × volumetric flow rate {\displaystyle {\text{hydraulic power}}={\text{pressure}}\times {\text{volumetric flow rate}}}

where pressure is in pascals (Pa), and flow rate is in cubic metres per second (m3).

Boiler horsepower [ edit ]
Boiler horsepower is a boiler’s capacity to deliver steam to a steam engine and is not the same unit of power as the 550 ft lb/s definition. One boiler horsepower is equal to the thermal energy rate required to evaporate 34.5 pounds (15.6 kg) of fresh water at 212 °F (100 °C) in one hour. In the early days of steam use, the boiler horsepower was roughly comparable to the horsepower of engines fed by the boiler.[24]
The term “boiler horsepower” was originally developed at the Philadelphia Centennial Exhibition in 1876, where the best steam engines of that period were tested. The average steam consumption of those engines (per output horsepower) was determined to be the evaporation of 30 pounds (14 kg) of water per hour, based on feed water at 100 °F (38 °C), and saturated steam generated at 70 psi (480 kPa). This original definition is equivalent to a boiler heat output of 33,485 Btu/h (9.813 kW). A few years later in 1884, the ASME re-defined the boiler horsepower as the thermal output equal to the evaporation of 34.5 pounds per hour of water “from and at” 212 °F. This considerably simplified boiler testing, and provided more accurate comparisons of the boilers at that time. This revised definition is equivalent to a boiler heat output of 33,469 Btu/h (9.809 kW). Present industrial practice is to define “boiler horsepower” as a boiler thermal output equal to 33,475 Btu/h (9.811 kW), which is very close to the original and revised definitions.

Boiler horsepower is still used to measure boiler output in industrial boiler engineering in the US. Boiler horsepower is abbreviated BHP, not to be confused with brake horsepower, below, which is also abbreviated BHP.

Drawbar power [ edit ]
Drawbar power (dbp) is the power a railway locomotive has available to haul a train or an agricultural tractor to pull an implement. This is a measured figure rather than a calculated one. A special railway car called a dynamometer car coupled behind the locomotive keeps a continuous record of the drawbar pull exerted, and the speed. From these, the power generated can be calculated. To determine the maximum power available, a controllable load is required; it is normally a second locomotive with its brakes applied, in addition to a static load.

If the drawbar force (F) is measured in pounds-force (lbf) and speed (v) is measured in miles per hour (mph), then the drawbar power (P) in horsepower (hp) is

P [ hp ] = F [ lbf ] × v [ mph ] 375 . {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {F[{\text{lbf}}]\times v[{\text{mph}}]}{375}}.}

Example: How much power is needed to pull a drawbar load of 2,025 pounds-force at 5 miles per hour?

P [ hp ] = 2025 × 5 375 = 27. {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {2025\times 5}{375}}=27.}

The constant 375 is because 1 hp = 375 lbf⋅mph. If other units are used, the constant is different. When using coherent SI units (watts, newtons, and metres per second), no constant is needed, and the formula becomes P = Fv.

This formula may also be used to calculate the power of a jet engine, using the speed of the jet and the thrust required to maintain that speed.

Example: how much power is generated with a thrust of 4 000 pounds at 400 miles per hour?

P [ hp ] = 4000 × 400 375 = 4266.7. {\displaystyle P[{\text{hp}}]={\frac {4000\times 400}{375}}=4266.7.}

RAC horsepower (taxable horsepower) [ edit ]
This measure was instituted by the Royal Automobile Club and was used to denote the power of early 1900s British cars. Many cars took their names from this figure (hence the Austin Seven and Riley Nine), while others had names such as “40/50 hp”, which indicated the RAC figure followed by the true measured power.

Taxable horsepower does not reflect developed horsepower; rather, it is a calculated figure based on the engine’s bore size, number of cylinders, and a (now archaic) presumption of engine efficiency. As new engines were designed with ever-increasing efficiency, it was no longer a useful measure, but was kept in use by UK regulations, which used the rating for tax purposes. The United Kingdom was not the only country that used the RAC rating; many states in Australia used RAC hp to determine taxation.[25][26] The RAC formula was sometimes applied in British colonies as well, such as Kenya (British East Africa).[27]
RAC h.p. = D × D × n 2.5 {\displaystyle {\text{RAC h.p.}}={\frac {D\times D\times n}{2.5}}}

where

D is the diameter (or bore) of the cylinder in inches, n is the number of cylinders.[28]
Since taxable horsepower was computed based on bore and number of cylinders, not based on actual displacement, it gave rise to engines with “undersquare” dimensions (bore smaller than stroke), which tended to impose an artificially low limit on rotational speed, hampering the potential power output and efficiency of the engine.

The situation persisted for several generations of four- and six-cylinder British engines: For example, Jaguar’s 3.4-litre XK engine of the 1950s had six cylinders with a bore of 83 mm (3.27 in) and a stroke of 106 mm (4.17 in),[29] where most American automakers had long since moved to oversquare (large bore, short stroke) V8 engines. See, for example, the early Chrysler Hemi engine.

Measurement [ edit ]
The power of an engine may be measured or estimated at several points in the transmission of the power from its generation to its application. A number of names are used for the power developed at various stages in this process, but none is a clear indicator of either the measurement system or definition used.

In general:

Nominal horsepower is derived from the size of the engine and the piston speed and is only accurate at a steam pressure of 48 kPa (7 psi).[30] Indicated or gross horsepower (theoretical capability of the engine) [PLAN/ 33000] minus frictional losses within the engine (bearing drag, rod and crankshaft windage losses, oil film drag, etc.), equals Brake / net / crankshaft horsepower (power delivered directly to and measured at the engine’s crankshaft) minus frictional losses in the transmission (bearings, gears, oil drag, windage, etc.), equals Shaft horsepower (power delivered to and measured at the output shaft of the transmission, when present in the system) minus frictional losses in the universal joint/s, differential, wheel bearings, tire and chain, (if present), equals Effective, true (thp) or commonly referred to as wheel horsepower (whp)

All the above assumes that no power inflation factors have been applied to any of the readings.

Engine designers use expressions other than horsepower to denote objective targets or performance, such as brake mean effective pressure (BMEP). This is a coefficient of theoretical brake horsepower and cylinder pressures during combustion.

Nominal horsepower [ edit ]
Nominal horsepower (nhp) is an early 19th-century rule of thumb used to estimate the power of steam engines.[30] It assumed a steam pressure of 7 psi (48 kPa).[31]
Nominal horsepower = 7 × area of piston in square inches × equivalent piston speed in feet per minute/33,000.

For paddle ships, the Admiralty rule was that the piston speed in feet per minute was taken as 129.7 × (stroke)1/3.38.[30][31] For screw steamers, the intended piston speed was used.[31]
The stroke (or length of stroke) was the distance moved by the piston measured in feet.

For the nominal horsepower to equal the actual power it would be necessary for the mean steam pressure in the cylinder during the stroke to be 7 psi (48 kPa) and for the piston speed to be that generated by the assumed relationship for paddle ships.[30]
The French Navy used the same definition of nominal horse power as the Royal Navy.[30]
Comparison of nominal and indicated horse power Ship Indicated horse power (ihp) Nominal horse power (nhp) Ratio of ihp to nhp Source Dee 272 200 1.36 [30] Locust 157 100 1.57 [30] Rhadamanthus 400 220 1.82 [30] Albacore 109 60 1.82 [31] Porcupine 285 132 2.16 [30] Harpy 520 200 2.60 [30] Spitfire 380 140 2.70 [30] Spiteful 796 280 2.85 [31] Jackal 455 150 3.03 [30] Supply 265 80 3.31 [31] Simoom 1,576 400 3.94 [31] Hector 3,256 800 4.07 [31] Agincourt 6,867 1,350 5.08 [31] Bellerophon 6,521 1,000 6.52 [31] Monarch 7,842 1,100 7.13 [31] Penelope 4,703 600 7.84 [31]
Indicated horsepower [ edit ]
Indicated horsepower (ihp) is the theoretical power of a reciprocating engine if it is completely frictionless in converting the expanding gas energy (piston pressure × displacement) in the cylinders. It is calculated from the pressures developed in the cylinders, measured by a device called an engine indicator – hence indicated horsepower. As the piston advances throughout its stroke, the pressure against the piston generally decreases, and the indicator device usually generates a graph of pressure vs stroke within the working cylinder. From this graph the amount of work performed during the piston stroke may be calculated.

Indicated horsepower was a better measure of engine power than nominal horsepower (nhp) because it took account of steam pressure. But unlike later measures such as shaft horsepower (shp) and brake horsepower (bhp), it did not take into account power losses due to the machinery internal frictional losses, such as a piston sliding within the cylinder, plus bearing friction, transmission and gear box friction, etc.

Brake horsepower [ edit ]
Brake horsepower (bhp) is the power measured using a brake type (load) dynamometer at a specified location, such as the crankshaft, output shaft of the transmission, rear axle or rear wheels.[citation needed]
In Europe, the DIN 70020 standard tests the engine fitted with all ancillaries and exhaust system as used in the car. The older American standard (SAE gross horsepower, referred to as bhp) used an engine without alternator, water pump, and other auxiliary components such as power steering pump, muffled exhaust system, etc., so the figures were higher than the European figures for the same engine. The newer American standard (referred to as SAE net horsepower) tests an engine with all the auxiliary components (see “Engine power test standards” below).

Brake refers to the device which is used to provide an equal braking force / load to balance / equal an engine’s output force and hold it at a desired rotational speed. During testing, the output torque and rotational speed are measured to determine the brake horsepower. Horsepower was originally measured and calculated by use of the “indicator diagram” (a James Watt invention of the late 18th century), and later by means of a Prony brake connected to the engine’s output shaft. Modern dynamometers use any of several braking methods to measure the engine’s brake horsepower, the actual output of the engine itself, before losses to the drivetrain.

Shaft horsepower [ edit ]
Shaft horsepower (shp) is the power delivered to a propeller shaft, a turbine shaft, or to an output shaft of an automotive transmission.[32] Shaft horsepower is a common rating for turboshaft and turboprop engines, industrial turbines, and some marine applications.

Equivalent shaft horsepower (eshp) is sometimes used to rate turboprop engines. It includes the equivalent power derived from residual jet thrust from the turbine exhaust.[33] 2.5 pounds-force (11 N) of residual jet thrust is estimated to be produced from one unit of horsepower.[34]
Engine power test standards [ edit ]
There exist a number of different standard determining how the power and torque of an automobile engine is measured and corrected. Correction factors are used to adjust power and torque measurements to standard atmospheric conditions, to provide a more accurate comparison between engines as they are affected by the pressure, humidity, and temperature of ambient air.[35] Some standards are described below.

Society of Automotive Engineers/SAE International [ edit ]
In the early twentieth century, a so-called “SAE horsepower” was sometimes quoted for U.S. automobiles. This long predates the Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) horsepower measurement standards and was another name for the industry standard ALAM or NACC horsepower figure and the same as the British RAC horsepower also used for tax purposes. Alliance for Automotive Innovation is the current successor of ALAM and NACC.

SAE gross power [ edit ]
Prior to the 1972 model year, American automakers rated and advertised their engines in brake horsepower, bhp, which was a version of brake horsepower called SAE gross horsepower because it was measured according to Society of Automotive Engineers (SAE) standards (J245 and J1995) that call for a stock test engine without accessories (such as dynamo/alternator, radiator fan, water pump),[36] and sometimes fitted with long tube test headers in lieu of the OEM exhaust manifolds. This contrasts with both SAE net power and DIN 70020 standards, which account for engine accessories (but not transmission losses). The atmospheric correction standards for barometric pressure, humidity and temperature for SAE gross power testing were relatively idealistic.

SAE net power [ edit ]
In the United States, the term bhp fell into disuse in 1971–1972, as automakers began to quote power in terms of SAE net horsepower in accord with SAE standard J1349. Like SAE gross and other brake horsepower protocols, SAE net hp is measured at the engine’s crankshaft, and so does not account for transmission losses. However, similar to the DIN 70020 standard, SAE net power testing protocol calls for standard production-type belt-driven accessories, air cleaner, emission controls, exhaust system, and other power-consuming accessories. This produces ratings in closer alignment with the power produced by the engine as it is actually configured and sold.

SAE certified power [ edit ]
In 2005, the SAE introduced “SAE Certified Power” with SAE J2723.[37] To attain certification the test must follow the SAE standard in question, take place in an ISO 9000/9002 certified facility and be witnessed by an SAE approved third party.

A few manufacturers such as Honda and Toyota switched to the new ratings immediately.[38] The rating for Toyota’s Camry 3.0 L 1MZ-FE V6 fell from 210 to 190 hp (160 to 140 kW).[38] The company’s Lexus ES 330 and Camry SE V6 (3.3 L V6) were previously rated at 225 hp (168 kW) but the ES 330 dropped to 218 hp (163 kW) while the Camry declined to 210 hp (160 kW). The first engine certified under the new program was the 7.0 L LS7 used in the 2006 Chevrolet Corvette Z06. Certified power rose slightly from 500 to 505 hp (373 to 377 kW).

While Toyota and Honda are retesting their entire vehicle lineups, other automakers generally are retesting only those with updated powertrains.[38] For example, the 2006 Ford Five Hundred is rated at 203 horsepower (151 kW), the same as that of 2005 model. However, the 2006 rating does not reflect the new SAE testing procedure, as Ford is not going to incur the extra expense of retesting its existing engines.[38] Over time, most automakers are expected to comply with the new guidelines.

SAE tightened its horsepower rules to eliminate the opportunity for engine manufacturers to manipulate factors affecting performance such as how much oil was in the crankcase, engine control system calibration, and whether an engine was tested with high octane fuel. In some cases, such can add up to a change in horsepower ratings.

Deutsches Institut für Normung 70020 (DIN 70020) [ edit ]
DIN 70020 is a German DIN standard for measuring road vehicle horsepower. DIN hp is measured at the engine’s output shaft as a form of metric horsepower rather than mechanical horsepower. Similar to SAE net power rating, and unlike SAE gross power, DIN testing measures the engine as installed in the vehicle, with cooling system, charging system and stock exhaust system all connected. DIN hp is often abbreviated as “PS”, derived from the German word Pferdestärke (literally, “horsepower”).

CUNA [ edit ]
A test standard by Italian CUNA (Commissione Tecnica per l’Unificazione nell’Automobile, Technical Commission for Automobile Unification), a federated entity of standards organisation UNI, was formerly used in Italy. CUNA prescribed that the engine be tested with all accessories necessary to its running fitted (such as the water pump), while all others – such as alternator/dynamo, radiator fan, and exhaust manifold – could be omitted.[36] All calibration and accessories had to be as on production engines.[36]
Economic Commission for Europe R24 [ edit ]
ECE R24 is a UN standard for the approval of compression ignition engine emissions, installation and measurement of engine power.[39] It is similar to DIN 70020 standard, but with different requirements for connecting an engine’s fan during testing causing it to absorb less power from the engine.[40]
Economic Commission for Europe R85 [ edit ]
ECE R85 is a UN standard for the approval of internal combustion engines with regard to the measurement of the net power.[41]
80/1269/EEC of 16 December 1980 is a European Union standard for road vehicle engine power.

International Organization for Standardization [ edit ]
The International Organization for Standardization (ISO) publishes several standards for measuring engine horsepower.

ISO 14396 specifies the additional and method requirement for determining the power of reciprocating internal combustion engines when presented for an ISO 8178 exhaust emission test. It applies to reciprocating internal combustion engines for land, rail and marine use excluding engines of motor vehicles primarily designed for road use. [42]
ISO 1585 is an engine net power test code intended for road vehicles. [43]
ISO 2534 is an engine gross power test code intended for road vehicles. [44]
ISO 4164 is an engine net power test code intended for mopeds. [45]
ISO 4106 is an engine net power test code intended for motorcycles. [46]
ISO 9249 is an engine net power test code intended for earth moving machines.[47]
Japanese Industrial Standard D 1001 [ edit ]
JIS D 1001 is a Japanese net, and gross, engine power test code for automobiles or trucks having a spark ignition, diesel engine, or fuel injection engine.[48]
See also [ edit ]

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