Top 41 How Hot Is 45 Celsius The 125 New Answer

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Answer: 45 °Celsius is equivalent to 113 °Fahrenheit.Based on absolute recorded temperatures, a heatwave is declared when an area logs a maximum temperature of 45 degrees Celsius. A severe heatwave is declared if the maximum temperature crosses the 47-degree mark.Hyperthermia at or above about 40 °C (104 °F) is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Temperature

Temperature °C	What might be at this temperature	How it feels
25	Warm room	Warm to hot
30	Hot day	Feeling hot
37	Body temperature	Very hot
40	Washing machine setting for clothes for normal wash	Very hot

Contents

Is 45 degrees Celsius hot weather?

Based on absolute recorded temperatures, a heatwave is declared when an area logs a maximum temperature of 45 degrees Celsius. A severe heatwave is declared if the maximum temperature crosses the 47-degree mark.

IS 40 C hot or warm?

Temperature

Temperature °C	What might be at this temperature	How it feels
25	Warm room	Warm to hot
30	Hot day	Feeling hot
37	Body temperature	Very hot
40	Washing machine setting for clothes for normal wash	Very hot

Is 40 degrees Celsius lethal?

Hyperthermia at or above about 40 °C (104 °F) is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate treatment.

Is 50f cold?

What to wear in 50 degree weather means figuring out what the temperature feels like. Anything below 70 degrees is considered cool, weather below 50 degrees is considered cold, and temps below 30 degrees may begin to freeze.

Is 45 degrees warm enough for shorts?

Forty-degree weather doesn’t call for long-johns or thermal underwear. Wearing jeans or dress slacks is enough to keep your legs warm. You’ll definitely want to avoid shorts unless you put leggings or tights underneath.

How do you survive 45 degrees heat?

Keep cool. Seek out air-conditioned buildings, draw your blinds, use a fan, take cool showers and dress in light and loose clothing made from natural fabrics. Plan ahead. Schedule activities in the coolest part of the day and avoid exercising in the heat.

Does 50 C water burn?

At 60°C, it takes one second for hot water to cause third-degree burns. At 55°C, it takes 10 seconds for hot water to cause third-degree burns. At 50°C, it takes five minutes for hot water to cause third-degree burns.

Is 50 degrees Celsius hot?

Well the hottest recorded temperature on Earth is apparently 56.7C. So 50C is pretty hot, if its humid expect to not be able to do very much at all, certainly at midday.

Can humans survive 60 degrees Celsius?

While human body cells start to die anywhere 46-60 degrees, temperatures of around 50 degrees is when most irreversible damage to cells starts. If the human body is unable to cool itself enough, it leads to heat cramps, heat exhaustion and even heatstroke or sunstroke.

What temperature kills u?

How does – or doesn’t – your body cope in extreme situations? The maximum body temperature a human can survive is 108.14°F. At higher temperatures the body turns into scrambled eggs: proteins are denatured and the brain gets damaged irreparably.

How hot is too hot for humans?

People often point to a study published in 2010 that estimated that a wet-bulb temperature of 35 C – equal to 95 F at 100 percent humidity, or 115 F at 50 percent humidity – would be the upper limit of safety, beyond which the human body can no longer cool itself by evaporating sweat from the surface of the body to …

How hot can a human get before dying?

Death Valley, one of the hottest places on Earth, recorded a temperature of 130 degrees last month. In most cases, once a person’s core temperature reaches 107.6 degrees, the heatstroke cannot be reversed and will be fatal. If the humidity is low, humans can endure even hotter temperatures.

Can I wear shorts in 50 degrees?

The key to fall running and that 50-degree optimal temperature is going to be layering. One of the first decisions you’ll need to make is shorts or crops. Most runners will find that with proper layering on top, shorts are going to do the trick at 50 degrees.

Is 50 degrees too cold to swim?

What pool temperature is too cold? Extremely cold water — 50 degrees or below — can lead to cold shock. This occurs when the body is overwhelmed by extreme cold, and it can lead to a heart attack or unconsciousness, which can lead to drowning.

Is 48 degrees cold for a dog?

Temperature Safety for Small Dogs

Small dogs are the most susceptible to colder temperatures and have the greatest risk of hypothermia. Keep these temperature safety guidelines in mind when sending your dog outside: 50-60 degrees and higher are safe temperatures for your dog.

IS 42 C too hot?

42 degrees C is just too, too hot.

Is 50 degrees Celsius hot?

Well the hottest recorded temperature on Earth is apparently 56.7C. So 50C is pretty hot, if its humid expect to not be able to do very much at all, certainly at midday.

Is 40 degrees Celsius hot or cold wash?

Warm washing (40 degrees)

Is 41 degrees Celsius hot weather?

At 40-41 degrees Celsius, heat exhaustion is likely — and any temperature above 41 degrees Celsius causes the body to shut down,” explained Dr Rennie.

Temperatures soar above 50 degrees Celsius in Iraq

What Is 45 Degrees Celsius in Fahrenheit[Solved]

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Heat wave sweeps India, temperature over 44 degree celsius in 14 states

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Contents

Methods of measurement[edit]

Concept[edit]

Temperature variation[edit]

Historical understanding[edit]

References[edit]

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Heat wave sweeps India, temperature over 44 degree Celsius in 14 states

New Delhi: The blistering heatwave sweeping through vast swathes of the country intensified on Thursday with the mercury crossing the 45-degree Celsius mark at several places.

With westerly winds coming from Pakistan, bringing all the heat and darting all the way till Odisha, resulted in a massive heat wave across India with 14 states from west, northwest and central India recording temperatures above 44 degrees Celsius.

Allahabad in Uttar Pradesh recorded the highest maximum temperature of 45.9 degrees Celsius and at least three dozen places recorded maximum temperatures above 45 degrees Celsius, India Meteorological Department (IMD) data showed

Heat wave to severe heat wave swept across Rajasthan, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, Chhattisgarh, Odisha, Telangana and even West Bengal.

Heat wave conditions are likely to prevail till at least May 1 in northwest and central India and for next three days in east India.

Due to a fresh western disturbance, there is a possibility of light or moderate rainfall over northwest Himalayan region during May 2-4 while plains of northwest India are likely to receive isolated light rainfall during May 3-4.

Dust storm is likely over Punjab, Haryana, Chandigarh, Delhi, Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan on Friday, IMD warned.

A boy takes a dip in a canal on a hot summer day, on the outskirts of Amritsar, Thursday, April 28, 2022. (PTI Photo)

Gurugram logged an all-time high of 45.6 degrees Celsius, breaking the previous record of 44.8 degrees Celsius on April 28, 1979.

Its neighbour Delhi saw the hottest April day in 12 years at 43.5 degrees Celsius. The national capital recorded a maximum temperature of 43.7 degrees Celsius on April 18, 2010.

The intense heatwave scorched Allahabad (45.9 degrees Celsius) in Uttar Pradesh; Khajuraho (45.6 degrees Celsius), Nowgong (45.6 degrees Celsius), and Khargone (45.2 degrees Celsius) in Madhya Pradesh; Akola (45.4 degrees Celsius), Bramhapuri (45.2 degrees Celsius) and Jalgaon (45.6 degrees Celsius) in Maharashtra and Jharkhand’s Daltonganj (45.8 degrees Celsius).

Pedestrians shield their faces from the heat with a scarf, in Gurugram, Thursday, April 28, 2022. (PTI Photo)

Amid the heatwave, India’s peak power demand met or the highest supply in a day touched the all-time high of 204.65 GW on Thursday.

The India Meteorological Department (IMD) said the spell of heatwave will persist over northwest and central India for the next five days and over east India for the next three days.

“A rise of about two degrees Celsius in the maximum temperature (is) very likely over most parts of northwest India during the next two days,” it said.

An orange alert has been issued for Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, and the Vidarbha region of Maharashtra for the next four days.

The IMD uses four colour codes for weather warnings. Green means no action needed, yellow refers to watch and stay updated, orange means be prepared while red alert means take action.

Boys jump into the Ganga River to beat the heat during a hot summer day, in Kolkata, Wednesday, April 27, 2022. Photo: PTI

According to weather experts, temperatures may even leap to 47 degrees Celsius in parts of northwest India.

“A maximum temperature of 45 degrees Celsius is normal at places like Rajasthan’s Churu, Barmer, Bikaner, and Sri Ganganagar, but 45-46 degrees Celsius in the plains of north India by April-end is quite unusual,” independent meteorologist Navdeep Dahiya said.

The IMD said the heatwave could lead to “moderate” health concerns for vulnerable people such as infants, the elderly and people with chronic diseases.

“Hence people should avoid heat exposure, wear lightweight and light-coloured cotton clothes and cover the head with a hat or umbrella,” it said.

There is an increased likelihood of symptoms of heat illness in people who are either exposed to the sun for a prolonged period or doing heavy work, an IMD advisory read.

A heatwave is declared when the maximum temperature is over 40 degrees Celsius and at least 4.5 notches above normal. A severe heatwave is declared if the departure from normal temperature is more than 6.4 notches, according to the IMD.

Based on absolute recorded temperatures, a heatwave is declared when an area logs a maximum temperature of 45 degrees Celsius.

A severe heatwave is declared if the maximum temperature crosses the 47-degree mark.

Dileep Mavalankar, the director of the Indian Institute of Public Health Gandhinagar (IIPHG), said, “People need to watch out for IMD advisories, stay indoors, keep themselves hydrated and rush to the nearest health centre if they feel moderate signs of heat-related illness.”

“There’s a special need to monitor the old and vulnerable just like we did during the COVID-19 waves as they can develop heat strokes even when sitting at home,” he said.

Mavalankar said that cities should monitor all-cause mortality data daily along with that of hospital admissions and ambulance calls to compare it with the last five years of data to get a real indication of heat stress on mortality.

Early heatwaves have a higher rate of mortality since adaptation and preparedness is low during March and April, he said.

Large parts of India have been recording higher than normal temperatures since the last week of March, with weather experts attributing it to the absence of periodic light rainfall and thundershowers, typical for this time of the year, due to the lack of active western disturbances.

Northwest India saw at least four western disturbances in March and April, but they were not strong enough to cause a significant change in weather, said Mahesh Palawat, Vice President (Meteorology and Climate Change), Skymet, a private weather forecasting agency.

The region did not see any significant pre-monsoon activity from March 1 to April 20 which compounded the severity of successive heatwave spells, he said, adding it had a ripple effect on central India, too.

Vidarbha in Maharashtra and west Rajasthan have consistently reported maximum temperatures in the range of 40 degrees Celsius to 45 degrees Celsius for the past two months.

India saw its warmest March since the IMD began keeping records 122 years ago amid a 71 per cent rain deficit.

Having recorded three prolonged heatwave spells, it could be one of the hottest April in the history of the country, Dahiya said.

(With IANS and PTI inputs.)

Temperature

Temperature is measuring how hot or cold something is, such as the outside air temperature, your body temperature, temperature of water for cooking, boiling, washing, etc.

So, is it cold or hot when the temperature forecast says it will be 5 degrees or it will be 30 degrees? What temperature does water freeze at? Or boil at? What temperature is comfortable for your living room?

Using the modern Celsius system of temperature measurement, we can easily determine how hot or cold it is. It was also known as Centigrade. This is because it is based on the freezing and boiling points of water with 100 degrees between those temperatures.

The main SI unit of temperature is the kelvin, which measures absolute temperatures. But, for our everyday usage, we use Celsius which is directly related to kelvins. It is set so that pure water freezes at zero degrees Celsius and boils at one hundred degrees Celsius.

This is a very easy system to learn as these two marker points are so easy to remember:

Freezing at 0 °C

Boiling at 100 °C

And with 100 degrees between those points, we can specify temperatures using 1 or 2 digit positive numbers. When the temperature is negative, i.e. below 0 °C, then we know that it is so cold that water will freeze. Water will always be ice below 0 °C, liquid from 1 to 99 °C, and steam from 100 °C upwards.

Here is a table showing some guidelines as to Celsius temperatures:

Temperature °C What might be at this temperature How it feels Other points of interest -30 (that is 30 degrees below zero) Ice, freezer Very cold if you are outside in this temperature, unbearable to most -10 Ice Very cold still but bearable if in lots of warm clothes 0 Water freezes, ice melts Cold Typical coldest average temperature for UK in winter 4 Fridge Cold Water has its smallest volume at this temperature* 10 Cold 15 Cool 20 Room indoors Warm 25 Warm room Warm to hot

Typical maximum temperature for British summer 30 Hot day Feeling hot Typical temperature for hotter countries 37 Body temperature Very hot This is the average human body temperature 40 Washing machine setting for clothes for normal wash Very hot

If you are outside in this temperature you will feel hot, but more so if humidity is high.

If your internal body temperature reaches this level you are in danger of death. 50 Extremely hot Not many places get this high in temperature, and this heat you would need to find shade, drink water and stay cool. 60 Washing machine setting for hot wash

Too hot to live in Most bacteria die at this temperature 90 Washing machine setting for hottest wash Too hot to live in Humans cannot survive such high temperatures 100 Water boils in the kettle Water turns to steam 1000 Lava from a volcano 1535 Melting point of iron At this temperature iron will turn into liquid form, to be used in industrial manufacturing processes 2750 Boiling point of iron The temperature at which iron boils and vapourises 5500 Surface of the Sun 15 000 000 Core of the Sun

*Note that water expands as its temperature increases above 4 degrees, and as it goes colder below 4 degrees. Its volume will be at its smallest at 4 °C. This is important to remember when freezing water in the icebox or freezer, as the water will undoubtedly increase in volume as it freezes, and the colder it gets, the bigger the ice gets. So remember not to put water into a bottle that will be in the freezer for more than a minute or so, as the water inside will expand and break the bottle.

If you have to work in hot conditions, here are guidelines for rest periods needed:

Temperature Rest Period (per hour of work) 30 to 32 ºC 10 minutes 32 to 35 ºC 15 minutes more than 35 ºC at least 30 minutes

Remember that when you see a weather forecast on TV, in a newspaper or on the radio, that anything from 20 degrees upwards is going to be warm, above 25 degrees is hot, above 30 degrees is very hot. Below 20 is cool, below 10 degrees is cold, and below zero degrees means that it will be icy outside as the water will freeze and it will feel very cold outside.

Kelvin (for the more scientific among us)

The kelvin (symbol: K) is the SI unit of temperature, and is one of the seven SI base units. It is defined by two facts: zero kelvin is absolute zero (when molecular motion stops), and one kelvin is the fraction 1/273.16 of the thermodynamic temperature of the triple point of water (0.01 °C). The Celsius temperature scale is now defined in terms of the kelvin.

The kelvin is named after the British physicist and engineer William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin. Thus we have another metric unit named after a British person. Most metric units are not foreign at all, unlike °F which is Foreign! The degree Celsius (°C) is named after the Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744) but as it is now defined in terms of the kelvin, it is more British than Fahrenheit, named after a German scientist.

The word kelvin as an SI unit is correctly written with a lowercase k (unless at the beginning of a sentence), and is never preceded by the words degree or degrees, or the symbol °, unlike Celsius. This is because Celsius is a scale of measurement, whereas the kelvin is a unit of measurement.

The freezing point of water, as we know from what we read above, is 0 °C, and 0 °C = 273.15 K. For every increase by 1 °C the temperature also increases by 1 K. Thus 0 K = -273.15 °C, 100 K = -173.15 °C, 273.15 K = 0 °C, and the boiling point of water is 373.15 K (100 °C).

Human body temperature

Typical temperature range found in humans

Normal human body-temperature (normothermia, euthermia) is the typical temperature range found in humans. The normal human body temperature range is typically stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F).[8]
Human body temperature varies. It depends on sex, age, time of day, exertion level, health status (such as illness and menstruation), what part of the body the measurement is taken at, state of consciousness (waking, sleeping, sedated), and emotions. Body temperature is kept in the normal range by thermoregulation, in which adjustment of temperature is triggered by the central nervous system.[citation needed]
Methods of measurement [ edit ]
Taking a person’s temperature is an initial part of a full clinical examination. There are various types of medical thermometers, as well as sites used for measurement, including:

In the rectum (rectal temperature)

In the mouth (oral temperature)

Under the arm (axillary temperature)

In the ear (tympanic temperature)

On the skin of the forehead over the temporal artery

Using heat flux sensors

Variations [ edit ]
37.5 °C from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., and falling to about 36.4 °C from 2 a.m. to 6 a.m. (Based on figure in entry for ‘Animal Heat’ in 11th edition of the Diurnal variation in body temperature, ranging from aboutfrom 10 a.m. to 6 p.m., and falling to aboutfrom 2 a.m. to 6 a.m. (Based on figure in entry for ‘Animal Heat’ in 11th edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica , 1910)

Temperature control (thermoregulation) is part of a homeostatic mechanism that keeps the organism at optimum operating temperature, as the temperature affects the rate of chemical reactions. In humans, the average internal temperature is widely accepted to be 37 °C (98.6 °F), a “normal” temperature established in the 1800s. But newer studies show that average internal temperature for men and women is 36.4 °C (97.5 °F). [9] No person always has exactly the same temperature at every moment of the day. Temperatures cycle regularly up and down through the day, as controlled by the person’s circadian rhythm. The lowest temperature occurs about two hours before the person normally wakes up. Additionally, temperatures change according to activities and external factors.[10][unreliable medical source?]
In addition to varying throughout the day, normal body temperature may also differ as much as 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) from one day to the next, so that the highest or lowest temperatures on one day will not always exactly match the highest or lowest temperatures on the next day.

Normal human body temperature varies slightly from person to person and by the time of day. Consequently, each type of measurement has a range of normal temperatures. The range for normal human body temperatures, taken orally, is 36.8±0.5 °C (98.2±0.9 °F).[11] This means that any oral temperature between 36.3 and 37.3 °C (97.3 and 99.1 °F) is likely to be normal.

The normal human body temperature is often stated as 36.5–37.5 °C (97.7–99.5 °F).[8] In adults a review of the literature has found a wider range of 33.2–38.2 °C (91.8–100.8 °F) for normal temperatures, depending on the gender and location measured.[12]
Reported values vary depending on how it is measured: oral (under the tongue): 36.8±0.4 °C (98.2±0.72 °F),[13] internal (rectal, vaginal): 37.0 °C (98.6 °F).[13] A rectal or vaginal measurement taken directly inside the body cavity is typically slightly higher than oral measurement, and oral measurement is somewhat higher than skin measurement. Other places, such as under the arm or in the ear, produce different typical temperatures.[13] While some people think of these averages as representing normal or ideal measurements, a wide range of temperatures has been found in healthy people.[5] The body temperature of a healthy person varies during the day by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) with lower temperatures in the morning and higher temperatures in the late afternoon and evening, as the body’s needs and activities change.[13] Other circumstances also affect the body’s temperature. The core body temperature of an individual tends to have the lowest value in the second half of the sleep cycle; the lowest point, called the nadir, is one of the primary markers for circadian rhythms. The body temperature also changes when a person is hungry, sleepy, sick, or cold.

Natural rhythms [ edit ]
Body temperature normally fluctuates over the day following circadian rhythms, with the lowest levels around 4 a.m. and the highest in the late afternoon, between 4:00 and 6:00 p.m. (assuming the person sleeps at night and stays awake during the day).[11][13] Therefore, an oral temperature of 37.3 °C (99.1 °F) would, strictly speaking, be a normal, healthy temperature in the afternoon but not in the early morning.[13] An individual’s body temperature typically changes by about 0.5 °C (0.9 °F) between its highest and lowest points each day.[13]
Body temperature is sensitive to many hormones, so women have a temperature rhythm that varies with the menstrual cycle, called a circamensal rhythm.[10] A woman’s basal body temperature rises sharply after ovulation, as estrogen production decreases and progesterone increases. Fertility awareness programs use this change to identify when a woman has ovulated to achieve or avoid pregnancy. During the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle, both the lowest and the average temperatures are slightly higher than during other parts of the cycle. However, the amount that the temperature rises during each day is slightly lower than typical, so the highest temperature of the day is not very much higher than usual.[14][unreliable medical source?] Hormonal contraceptives both suppress the circamensal rhythm and raise the typical body temperature by about 0.6 °C (1.1 °F).[10]
Temperature also may vary with the change of seasons during each year. This pattern is called a circannual rhythm.[14] Studies of seasonal variations have produced inconsistent results. People living in different climates may have different seasonal patterns.[citation needed]
Increased physical fitness increases the amount of daily variation in temperature.[14]
With increased age, both average body temperature and the amount of daily variability in the body temperature tend to decrease.[14] Elderly patients may have a decreased ability to generate body heat during a fever, so even a somewhat elevated temperature can indicate a serious underlying cause in geriatrics. One study suggested that the average body temperature has also decreased since the 1850s.[15] The study’s authors believe the most likely explanation for the change is a reduction in inflammation at the population level due to decreased chronic infections and improved hygiene.[16]
Measurement methods [ edit ]
Temperature by measurement technique[12] Method Women Men Oral 33.2–38.1 °C (91.8–100.6 °F) 35.7–37.7 °C (96.3–99.9 °F) Rectal 36.8–37.1 °C (98.2–98.8 °F) 36.7–37.5 °C (98.1–99.5 °F) Tympanic 35.7–37.8 °C (96.3–100.0 °F) 35.5–37.8 °C (95.9–100.0 °F)

Different methods used for measuring temperature produce different results. The temperature reading depends on which part of the body is being measured. The typical daytime temperatures among healthy adults are as follows:

Temperature in the anus (rectum/rectal), vagina, or in the ear (tympanic) is about 37.5 °C (99.5 °F) [17] [ medical citation needed ]
Temperature in the mouth (oral) is about 36.8 °C (98.2 °F) [11]
Temperature under the arm (axillary) is about 36.5 °C (97.7 °F)[17][ medical citation needed ]
Generally, oral, rectal, gut, and core body temperatures, although slightly different, are well-correlated.[citation needed]
Oral temperatures are influenced by drinking, chewing, smoking, and breathing with the mouth open. Mouth breathing, cold drinks or food, reduce oral temperatures; hot drinks, hot food, chewing, and smoking raise oral temperatures.[10]
Each measurement method also has different normal ranges depending on sex.[12]
Infrared thermometer [ edit ]
As of 2016 reviews of infrared thermometers have found them to be of variable accuracy.[18] This includes tympanic infrared thermometers in children.[19]
Variations due to outside factors [ edit ]
Sleep disturbances also affect temperatures. Normally, body temperature drops significantly at a person’s normal bedtime and throughout the night. Short-term sleep deprivation produces a higher temperature at night than normal, but long-term sleep deprivation appears to reduce temperatures.[10] Insomnia and poor sleep quality are associated with smaller and later drops in body temperature.[10] Similarly, waking up unusually early, sleeping in, jet lag and changes to shift work schedules may affect body temperature.[10]
Concept [ edit ]
Fever [ edit ]
A temperature setpoint is the level at which the body attempts to maintain its temperature. When the setpoint is raised, the result is a fever. Most fevers are caused by infectious disease and can be lowered, if desired, with antipyretic medications.

An early morning temperature higher than 37.2 °C (99.0 °F) or a late afternoon temperature higher than 37.7 °C (99.9 °F) is normally considered a fever, assuming that the temperature is elevated due to a change in the hypothalamus’s setpoint.[13] Lower thresholds are sometimes appropriate for elderly people.[13] The normal daily temperature variation is typically 0.5 °C (0.90 °F), but can be greater among people recovering from a fever.[13]
An organism at optimum temperature is considered afebrile or apyrexic, meaning “without fever”. If temperature is raised, but the setpoint is not raised, then the result is hyperthermia.

Hyperthermia [ edit ]
Hyperthermia occurs when the body produces or absorbs more heat than it can dissipate. It is usually caused by prolonged exposure to high temperatures. The heat-regulating mechanisms of the body eventually become overwhelmed and unable to deal effectively with the heat, causing the body temperature to climb uncontrollably. Hyperthermia at or above about 40 °C (104 °F) is a life-threatening medical emergency that requires immediate treatment. Common symptoms include headache, confusion, and fatigue. If sweating has resulted in dehydration, then the affected person may have dry, red skin.

In a medical setting, mild hyperthermia is commonly called heat exhaustion or heat prostration; severe hyperthermia is called heat stroke. Heatstroke may come on suddenly, but it usually follows the untreated milder stages. Treatment involves cooling and rehydrating the body; fever-reducing drugs are useless for this condition. This may be done by moving out of direct sunlight to a cooler and shaded environment, drinking water, removing clothing that might keep heat close to the body, or sitting in front of a fan. Bathing in tepid or cool water, or even just washing the face and other exposed areas of the skin, can be helpful.

With fever, the body’s core temperature rises to a higher temperature through the action of the part of the brain that controls the body temperature; with hyperthermia, the body temperature is raised without the influence of the heat control centers.

Hypothermia [ edit ]
In hypothermia, body temperature drops below that required for normal metabolism and bodily functions. In humans, this is usually due to excessive exposure to cold air or water, but it can be deliberately induced as a medical treatment. Symptoms usually appear when the body’s core temperature drops by 1–2 °C (1.8–3.6 °F) below normal temperature.

Basal body temperature [ edit ]
Basal body temperature is the lowest temperature attained by the body during rest (usually during sleep). It is generally measured immediately after awakening and before any physical activity has been undertaken, although the temperature measured at that time is somewhat higher than the true basal body temperature. In women, temperature differs at various points in the menstrual cycle, and this can be used in the long term to track ovulation both to aid conception or avoid pregnancy. This process is called fertility awareness.

Core temperature [ edit ]
Core temperature, also called core body temperature, is the operating temperature of an organism, specifically in deep structures of the body such as the liver, in comparison to temperatures of peripheral tissues. Core temperature is normally maintained within a narrow range so that essential enzymatic reactions can occur. Significant core temperature elevation (hyperthermia) or depression (hypothermia) over more than a brief period of time is incompatible with human life.

Temperature examination in the heart, using a catheter, is the traditional gold standard measurement used to estimate core temperature (oral temperature is affected by hot or cold drinks, ambient temperature fluctuations as well as mouth-breathing). Since catheters are highly invasive, the generally accepted alternative for measuring core body temperature is through rectal measurements. Rectal temperature is expected to be approximately 1 Fahrenheit (or 0.55 Celsius) degree higher than an oral temperature taken on the same person at the same time. Ear thermometers measure temperature from the tympanic membrane using infrared sensors and also aim to measure core body temperature, since the blood supply of this membrane is directly shared with the brain. However, this method of measuring body temperature is not as accurate as rectal measurement and has a low sensitivity for fever, failing to determine three or four out of every ten fever measurements in children.[20] Ear temperature measurement may be acceptable for observing trends in body temperature but is less useful in consistently identifying and diagnosing fever.

Until recently, direct measurement of core body temperature required either an ingestible device or surgical insertion of a probe. Therefore, a variety of indirect methods have commonly been used as the preferred alternative to these more accurate albeit more invasive methods. The rectal or vaginal temperature is generally considered to give the most accurate assessment of core body temperature, particularly in hypothermia. In the early 2000s, ingestible thermistors in capsule form were produced, allowing the temperature inside the digestive tract to be transmitted to an external receiver; one study found that these were comparable in accuracy to rectal temperature measurement.[21] More recently, a new method using heat flux sensors have been developed. Several research papers show that its accuracy is similar to the invasive methods.[22][23][24]
Temperature variation [ edit ]
Hot [ edit ]
44 °C (111.2 °F) or more – Almost certainly death will occur; however, people have been known to survive up to 46.5 °C (115.7 °F). [25] [26]
43 °C (109.4 °F) – Normally death, or there may be serious brain damage, continuous convulsions, and shock. Cardio-respiratory collapse will likely occur.

42 °C (107.6 °F) – Subject may turn pale or remain flushed and red. They may become comatose, be in severe delirium, vomiting, and convulsions can occur.

41 °C (105.8 °F) – (Medical emergency) – Fainting, vomiting, severe headache, dizziness, confusion, hallucinations, delirium, and drowsiness can occur. There may also be palpitations and breathlessness.

40 °C (104 °F) – Fainting, dehydration, weakness, vomiting, headache, breathlessness, and dizziness may occur as well as profuse sweating.

39 °C (102.2 °F) – Severe sweating, flushed, and red. Fast heart rate and breathlessness. There may be exhaustion accompanying this. Children and people with epilepsy may suffer convulsions at this temperature.

38 °C (100.4 °F) – (Classed as hyperthermia if not caused by a fever) – Feeling hot, sweating, feeling thirsty, feeling very uncomfortable, slightly hungry. If this is caused by fever, there may also be chills.

Normal [ edit ]
36.5–37.6 °C (97.7–99.7 °F) is a typically reported range for normal body temperature.[8]
Cold [ edit ]
36 °C (96.8 °F) – Feeling cold, mild to moderate shivering. Body temperature may drop this low during sleep. This can be a normal body temperature for sleeping.

35 °C (95 °F) – (Hypothermia is less than 35 °C (95 °F)) – Intense shivering, numbness and bluish/grayness of the skin. There is the possibility of heart irritability.

34 °C (93.2 °F) – Severe shivering, loss of movement of fingers, blueness, and confusion. Some behavioral changes may take place.

33 °C (91.4 °F) – Moderate to severe confusion, sleepiness, depressed reflexes, progressive loss of shivering, slow heartbeat, shallow breathing. Shivering may stop. The subject may be unresponsive to certain stimuli.

32 °C (89.6 °F) – (Medical emergency) – Hallucinations, delirium, complete confusion, extreme sleepiness that is progressively becoming comatose. Shivering is absent (subject may even think they are hot). Reflex may be absent or very slight.

31 °C (87.8 °F) – Comatose, very rarely conscious. No or slight reflexes. Very shallow breathing and slow heart rate. Possibility of serious heart rhythm problems.

28 °C (82.4 °F) – Severe heart rhythm disturbances are likely and breathing may stop at any time. The person may appear to be dead. [ citation needed ]
24–26 °C (75.2–78.8 °F) or less – Death usually occurs due to irregular heart beat or respiratory arrest; however, some patients have been known to survive with body temperatures as low as 13.7 °C (56.7 °F).[27]
There are non-verbal corporal cues that can hint at an individual experiencing a low body temperature, which can be used for those with dysphasia or infants.[28] Examples of non-verbal cues of coldness include stillness and being lethargic concerning kinesiological movement, sneezing, unusual paleness of skin among light-skinned people, and, among males, shrinkage, and contraction of the scrotum.[29]
Historical understanding [ edit ]
In the 19th century, most books quoted “blood heat” as 98 °F, until a study published the mean (but not the variance) of a large sample as 36.88 °C (98.38 °F).[30] Subsequently, that mean was widely quoted as “37 °C or 98.4 °F”[31][32] until editors realized 37 °C is equal to 98.6 °F, not 98.4 °F. The 37 °C value was set by German physician Carl Reinhold August Wunderlich in his 1868 book,[33] which put temperature charts into widespread clinical use.[34] Dictionaries and other sources[which?] that quoted these averages did add the word “about” to show that there is some variance, but generally did not state how wide the variance is.[citation needed]

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