Top 12 How Many Eyes Do Bees The 192 Latest Answer

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The front and rear wings hook together to form one big pair of wings and unhook for easy folding when not flying. Eyes – Incredible as it may seem, the honey bee has FIVE eyes, two large compound eyes and three smaller ocelli eyes in the centre of its head.

How Many Eyes Do Bees Have? | Busy Beekeeping

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How many eyes does a bee have? | British Beekeepers Association

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How many eyes does a bee have?

Legs – The honey bee has three pairs of legs, six legs in total. However, the rear pair is specially designed with stiff hairs to store pollen when in flying from flower to flower. This is why a heavily laden worker bee is seen to have two golden pouches in full season. The front pair of legs has special slots to enable the bee to clean its antenna.

– The honey bee has three pairs of legs, six legs in total. However, the rear pair is specially designed with stiff hairs to store pollen when in flying from flower to flower. This is why a heavily laden worker bee is seen to have two golden pouches in full season. The front pair of legs has special slots to enable the bee to clean its antenna. Wings – The honey bee has four wings in total. The front and rear wings hook together to form one big pair of wings and unhook for easy folding when not flying.

– The honey bee has four wings in total. The front and rear wings hook together to form one big pair of wings and unhook for easy folding when not flying. Eyes – Incredible as it may seem, the honey bee has FIVE eyes, two large compound eyes and three smaller ocelli eyes in the centre of its head.

Photo above taken by Graham Kingham, Devon BKA of a more close up image of a bee’s set of eyes

One of the BBKA’s charitable aims is protect and grow the honey bee population in the UK and we would welcome a donation to one of our current appeals:

Save the Bees or Apiary and Education

Why Do Bees Have 5 Eyes? Find Out, With Video And 7 ‘Bee Eye’ Facts!

Updated: 1st March 2021

People sometimes wonder ‘How many eyes do bees have?’ Bees have 5 eyes. As soon as this fact is learned, naturally, people want to know:

‘why do bees have 5 eyes?’

The short answer is:

Bees need eyes not only to pick up colors and UV markings in flowers, as well as shapes, but also to navigate. Thus the two sets of eyes are adapted to perform different tasks simultaneously.

The two large eyes at the side of the head (known as ‘compound eyes’) are used for picking up shapes and colours in the immediate environment, whilst the three small eyes on the top of the head (known as the ‘ocelli’) are important for navigation and orientation.

More information below.

About the 5 eyes of bees Bees have: 2 compound eyes – these are the obvious eyes at the sides of the head;

3 simple eyes know as ocellus or ocelli. These small eyes are less conspicuous than the compound eyes, and are arranged in a triangle on the top of the head between the compound eyes. If you look very carefully at the image above, you can just make out at least one of the ocelli (the one at the front – it looks like a shiny round black dot). It should be noted, however, that bees are not alone in the insect world for having 5 eyes, and specifically for having 3 ocelli on the top of the head: dragonflies, hornets, wasps, and grasshoppers also have them, among others. Compound eyes – what are they for?

Above: The compound eyes are clearly visible at the sides of the head.

In bees, each compound eye is located at the side of the head (in contrast with true flies, for example, which have the two compound facing toward the front).

Above: This is a hoverfly. Note how the large eyes are forward facing.

Each eye comprises thousands of individual lenses. They pick up the immediate environment, color and shapes. These eyes enable bees to see UV markers in the flowers that guide the bee onto the ‘landing platform’ of the flower, and to the nectar reward. Each tiny lens of the compound eye perceives the surroundings from a very slightly different angle. The sum total of these images recorded by the many lenses, provide the overall picture of the bee’s surroundings.

What are the ocelli for?

The ocelli are also called ‘simple eyes’, because each eye has just one lens, but with many sensory cells.

These simple eyes do not form an image of their immediate environment as the compound eyes do. They are used by bees for orientation and navigation according to the position of the sun.

Interestingly, bees that fly at dusk or dawn have larger ocelli in order that they can pick up on the reduced sunlight when the sun is low in the sky. You can read more about this on my page do bees fly at night.

7 Interesting facts about bee vision

Above: Bees may not pick up on red hues, but may still visit red flowers. It is believed that bees can see ultra-violet markings in the petal that indicate rewards for the bee!

1. It is believed that bees are near-sighted, due to each of the lenses in the compound eyes being so tiny, meaning that each lens only sees a tiny amount of the world around it.

2. Bees may be near-sighted, but they process images 15 times more quickly than humans do. This means, for example, that what might appear to be an even fluorescent light to us may well appear as a flickering light to a bee. See more facts about bees. 3. Bees can recognize most colors perceived by humans, but they do not distinguish red very well. However, they may visit red flowers because they are able to perceive the ultra-violet markings inside the flower that we humans cannot see. 4. Bee eyes are most attuned to see green, blue, and ultra-violet light.

Above: Bumble bee visiting Escallonia -“Red claws”. 5. Black is not the only eye color for bees. There are bees with different colored eyes – even blue, such as the digger bee – Melissodes stearnsi and the Xylocopa tabaniformis parkinsoniae.

Some bees even have large, green eyes. This can be seen on a number of species such as some Anthophora, Xylocopa, Halictid species among others. Below is a Megachilid – this silvery leafcutter bee male below has pale green eyes:

Above: The eyes of the male silvery leafcutter bee are an interesting shade of pale green.

Some bee species have eyes that are specially adapted to enable them to forage in reduced light. See ‘do bees fly at night’. Honey bees have hairy eyes! It should be noted that this is not true for all bee species! A study by Georgia Tech found that the honey bee can carry up to 30 percent of its body weight in pollen because of the very clever use of hairs covering the entire body (in various densities) – including the eyes! The research found that the gap between each eye hair is approximately the same size as a grain of dandelion pollen, which is typically collected by bees. This keeps the pollen suspended above the eye and allows the forelegs to comb through and collect the pollen particles when grooming.

Watch this very short video below – part of it is slowed down so that you can observe the clever honey bee in action. The scientists observed that honey bees were able to groom 15,000 particles of pollen in 3 minutes1!

References

1. Guillermo J Amador, Marguerite Matherne, D’Andre Waller, Megha Mathews, Stanislav N Gorb, David L Hu. Honey bee hairs and pollenkitt are essential for pollen capture and removal. Bioinspiration & Biomimetics, 2017; 12 (2): 026015 DOI: 10.1088/1748-3190/aa5c6e

Do bees sleep?

Apparently they do, but how do we know?

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How Many Eyes Do Bees Have?

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Honey bees have 5 eyes. Two of these eyes are called compound eyes, which are located on either side of a bee’s head. These compound eyes are large and easy to spot. The other 3 eyes, called ocelli, are found on top of the bee’s head, above the compound eyes. They are smaller and less visible.

Why Do Bees Have 5 Eyes?

The 5 eyes of a bee can be divided into 2 groups, ocelli, and compound eyes.

The compound eyes are more prominent and form a large part of the front of a bee’s face.

The other 3 are called ocelli, or simple eyes, and are located on the top of a bee’s head. Ocelli are much smaller than the compound eyes and harder to spot.

Both sets of eyes have different functions that support various behavioral activities, such as flying, navigation, and object identification. Having both types of eyes allow them to perform multiple tasks at the same time.

The Compound Eyes

The 2 big compound eyes help bees see color, detect movement and distance.

The compound eyes collect images of the world around them. This includes how the objects close to bees are moving, their shapes, and their colors.

Compound eyes work differently to human eyes. While human eyes are a single organ, compound eyes are actually made up of thousands of smaller units that work together.

Each unit is equivalent to one pixel of the image. The end result, or the final image that bees see, is a sum of what each of those tiny units see.

How Compound Eyes Help Bees See

The tiny units that form a bee’s compound eye are called ommatidia. Each ommatidium contains a number of cells all grouped together in a shape that looks like an inverted cone.

Here’s how these cells work together to send information to a bee’s brain:

At the top of the ommatidium is the lens, which is the part of the eye you can actually see on the surface of the bee’s head. Light first passes through this lens into the crystalline cone, which channels the light and passes it through the rest of the structure.

After this, the light travels through the rhabdom, which is on the vertical axis of the ommatidium. The rhabdom is surrounded by 8 or 9 retinular cells that extend from the bottom of the crystalline cone to the basement membrane.

In this section of the ommatidium, the light is converted into an electric pulse that is transmitted by a fine nerve into the optic lobe of the brain. A bee is then able to use this information to inform its behavior.

I found this very helpful video that explains how compound eyes work. They use a carpenter ant as an example but their compound eyes have a similar structure to those of bees.

Fun Fact: The Compound Eyes Of Bees Also Contain Hairs!

Interestingly, bees have cells that secrete hairs that cover the compound eye’s surface.

The entire lens is covered with unbranched hair. This is especially noticeable in younger work bees, as older bees seem to lose most of it by the time they take long flights.

Unlike the hair in the rest of the body, these hairs are unbranched and don’t have nerve connections.

In this photo, you can clearly see the hairs in between ommatidia

The Simple Eyes Or Ocelli

The ocelli are 3 small, single-lens eyes located on the top of a bee’s head. The exact function of these organs in honey bees is still unknown. However, researchers believe the ocelli support tasks like flight stabilization, navigation, and orientation.

A study using 3D modeling of the ocelli found that the ocelli have dorsal and ventral retinas, the tissue responsible for processing light through photoreceptor cells and sending the information to the brain through the optic nerve.

The ventral retinas of the ocelli take information from the space directly above the bee’s head (in other words, the sky), and the dorsal retinas of the ocelli view the horizon.

These small eyes are called ocelli in plural and ocellus in singular.

Ocelli don’t have a high resolving power, meaning they don’t help bees distinguish objects or provide details of their environment.

However, they are highly sensitive to light, allowing bees to detect changes in brightness without being affected by other small objects in their visual field.

The close relationship between the ocelli and how bees perceive light intensity is evidenced by the difference in ocelli size between diurnal and nocturnal/crepuscular bee species.

European honey bees, for example, are inactive at night and show smaller ocelli compared to species that have adapted to foraging after the sun sets.

Another feature of the ocelli is that they are suited for sending quick signals regarding changes in light intensity.

This function, together with their ability to capture the horizon, seems to further suggest the ocelli help bees stabilize during flight using the change in light intensity as a signal.

Do all bees have 5 eyes?

Yes, all bees 5 eyes. The main differences you’ll find between bees’ eyes are the sizes of the ocelli and compound eyes. As mentioned in the previous section, bees who are nocturnal have bigger ocelli than their diurnal relatives, and certain castes have bigger compound eyes like drone bees.

Conclusion

Honey bees have 5 eyes, consisting of 2 compound eyes and 3 ocelli. These 5 eyes are used for a variety of tasks – to identify objects, color, and movement, as well as to perceive light changes and stabilize while flying.

The compound eyes are the 2 large organs that take up a large portion of their face and are responsible for providing images of the world. The ocelli, the 3 small eyes located on the top of a bee’s head, can’t provide clear pictures, but they do identify changes in light which seems to help bees with flight control.

Did you find this article interesting? Maybe you’ll enjoy reading about bees’ legs!

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How many eyes does a bee have?

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