Top 9 How Many Hours Is 11 To 7 Top 93 Best Answers

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There are 8 full hours between these times. It also supports the subtraction of lunch breaks and other types of pauses from the total hours in between. For more on that see lunch breaks.The traditional American business hours are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday, representing a workweek of five eight-hour days comprising 40 hours in total. These are the origin of the phrase 9-to-5, used to describe a conventional and possibly tedious job.The formula for time is given as [Time = Distance ÷ Speed].

Follow these steps to calculate worked hours:

Determine the start and the end time. …
Convert the time to military time (24 hours) …
Transform the minutes in decimals. …
Subtract the start time from the end time. …
Subtract the unpaid time taken for breaks.

Contents

How many hours is 9/5 in a day?

The traditional American business hours are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday, representing a workweek of five eight-hour days comprising 40 hours in total. These are the origin of the phrase 9-to-5, used to describe a conventional and possibly tedious job.

How do we calculate time?

The formula for time is given as [Time = Distance ÷ Speed].

How do you calculate hours worked?

Follow these steps to calculate worked hours:

Determine the start and the end time. …
Convert the time to military time (24 hours) …
Transform the minutes in decimals. …
Subtract the start time from the end time. …
Subtract the unpaid time taken for breaks.

How many hours is it between 8 to 5?

there are 9 hours.

Is 40 hrs a week normal?

Working 40 hours a week has become common for many full-time employees. People often refer to it as the traditional standard workweek. Employees who work a standard 40-hour workweek tend to receive benefits and other work perks from their employers.

Is 45 hours a week a lot?

Official employer designations regarding full-time employment generally range from 35 to 45 hours, with 40 hours being by far the most common standard. Some companies consider 50 hours a week full-time for exempt employees.

How old are you if your born in?

Your Age In The Next 100 Years:

Your age in	Age	Years
This time 2022	2 years	2022
One years	3 years	2023
Two years	4 years	2024
Tree years	5 years	2025

How do you calculate hours and minutes?

To convert from minutes to hours, divide the number of minutes by 60. For example, 120 minutes equals 2 hours because 120/60=2.

How do I work out my hourly rate?

In order to calculate an hourly rate based upon your monthly salary, multiply your monthly figure by 12 and then divide it by the number of hours you work per week. Divide this resulting figure by the number of paid weeks you work each year to get your hourly rate.

How do I calculate my work paycheck?

To calculate a paycheck start with the annual salary amount and divide by the number of pay periods in the year. This number is the gross pay per pay period. Subtract any deductions and payroll taxes from the gross pay to get net pay.

How many hours is 8am to 4pm with 30 minute lunch?

There are 8 full hours between these times. It also supports the subtraction of lunch breaks and other types of pauses from the total hours in between.

Do people work 9 5?

Some people do indeed still work jobs that are truly 9-5. That’s still very common. The assumption is usually that they’ll have a half hours for lunch, so they’re really working 37.5 hours a week. But other schedules have become more common too, and you’re right that many of them are longer.

Who many minutes are in a year?

Answer and Explanation: There are 525,600 minutes in a normal year and 527,040 minutes in a leap year.

Is 8am to 4pm 8 hours?

8am to 4pm is 8 hours – calculate time between any two hours while you type.

What is the easiest way to calculate time?

Compute time difference manually

Use the 24-hour format to make it easier to compute. …
Subtract all end times from hours to minutes. …
Proceed to subtract the start time minutes to the end minutes.
Subtract the hours too from end to start.
Combine the hours and minutes results together to arrive at the answer.

How do you manually calculate time?

Here’s how to determine hours worked:

Convert all times to 24 hour clock (military time): Convert 8:45 am to 08:45 hours. …
Next, Subtract the start time from the end time.
Now you have the actual hours and minutes worked for the day.
Finally to determined total wage, you will need to convert this to a decimal format.

How do you calculate minutes?

The time in minutes is equal to the hours multiplied by 60.

How do you calculate time without distance?

Very simple: Sum each speed multiplied by time travelled at that speed and divide this sum of the total traveling time: eg. you travelled 90 km/h for 2 hours, 80 km/h for 1 hour and 60 km/h for 1.5 hor, your average speed is (90×2 + 80×1 + 60×1.5) / (2+1+1.5) = 350 km / 4.5 hours = 77.8 km/h average speed.

Elapsed time – how many whole hours pass

Hours Calculator – How many hours between times?

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Table of Contents:

How to calculate hours between times

How many hours

American vs European time

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Table of Contents:

Contents

Hunter-gatherer[edit]

History[edit]

Workweek structure[edit]

Average annual hours per worker[edit]

By region[edit]

How many hours between times?

Use this calculator to easily calculate the hour difference between any given two times within a day, accurate to the minute. It will also show you the result in minutes, if an hour calculation is not convenient for you. If you wonder how many hours you spend on certain activities (e.g. How many hours am I working?), this is the hours calculator for you.

Quick navigation:

How to calculate hours between times?

This simple online tool makes it easy to calculate the difference in hours and minutes between two given times. To calculate the hours and minutes contained in a time period you need to know its beginning and end. The hours calculator will use the time format depending on your browser locale settings, e.g. US, UK.

After you enter the beginning and the end of the time period you are interested in, you simply click the “Calculate difference” button. Below you will get the difference in both full hours and in minutes. If the first hour you enter is later in the day than the second hour you enter, the time difference is calculated as if the first hour is for today and the second is tomorrow. For example, entering a start time of 6PM and end time of 8AM in the calculator, it will calculate the difference in hours, minutes, and seconds from 6PM today to 8AM tomorrow (14 hours).

This calculator for the number of hours between two times could be used to find out for how long you have worked in order to fill in time sheets. For example, how many hours are there between 9 and 5:30 pm (or 9:00 and 17:30)? You simply need to enter the two times in any order and click on “Calculate”. The result will be 8 hours 30 minutes (8:30 hours or 8.5 hours in decimal) or 510 minutes. There are 8 full hours between these times. It also supports the subtraction of lunch breaks and other types of pauses from the total hours in between. For more on that see lunch breaks.

How many hours?

Many people working a job with regular hours want to find out the duration of their work day. If you’re also wondering “how many hours am I working?” and you are on a 9AM to 5PM job, then the question is how many hours is 9 to 5. The answer is exactly eight hours.

If you leave your kids early at school and pick them up in the afternoon, you might wonder how much time they spend in school each day. If you leave them at 7AM and pick them up at 3PM then the question is how many hours is 7AM to 3PM and the answer is eight hours (15-7 = 8).

Here are some more examples of calculating how many hours are between two specified points in time. You can use our hours calculator above to compute the time between any two arbitrary hours and minutes.

How many hours between X and Y Start Time – End Time Time Between 9AM to 5PM 8:00 7AM to 5PM 9:00 8AM to 4PM 8:00 8AM to 8PM 12:00 8AM to 6PM 10:00 9AM to 5:30PM 8:30 7:30AM to 4:30PM 9:00

Working hours with lunch break excluded

If you are using our calculator to understand how many hours you are working, then you need to use the functionality which allows the subtraction of a lunch break or other types of shift breaks to get just the number of working hours. For example, a 7:30 to 4:30 work day with a 30 minute lunch break means an 8.5 hour work day (9 hours in between, minus 30 minutes or 0.5 hours equals 8.5). If you are working shifts your break may not be a lunch break, and you may also have multiple breaks allowed. In such a case add up the total amount of time off and enter it in the field (in minutes).

The ability to specify the total break time is also useful if calculating physical activity with break intervals, e.g. an intensive training for one hour followed by a 15 minute break and then another hour of exercise.

American vs. European time

The way Europeans and Americans tell time is different, both in the way it is said and in the way it is written. Civilians in America use the hours until 12 two times in a day, while Europeans go between 00:00 and 23:59. For this reason in America people would use pm and am to distinguish what half of the day they are talking about. On the other hand, most Europeans would probably say 15:00 o’clock (instead of 3 pm). To make it even more complicated for guests from overseas though, many Europeans would also say 3 in the afternoon.

If you are new to Europe and need to deal with “military time”, all you have to do is use the hours until 12 in the same way and for after 1 pm either add or subtract 12, putting pm after the result. For example, if you are meeting someone at 17:30, that would be 17:30 – 12 = 5:30 pm. If you need to find out what to write to a colleague you want to meet at 2pm, this would be 2 + 12 = 14 pm.

For the sake of accuracy, it should be noted that, although similar to it, European time telling is not exactly military time. In the military 18:00 (6 pm) would be 1800. In one case it is “eighteen o’clock”, in the other it is “eighteen hundred”. In the military 7:00 (7 am) would be “zero seven hundred” or “oh seven hundred” (0700), while civilians in Europe would just say “seven”. The stricter military way of communicating time is necessitated by the critical conditions in which it is used. Mistaking the hour or minute of an action could result in lost lives…

Working time

Period of time that an individual spends at paid occupational labor

Not to be confused with Work-time

Working time is the period of time that a person spends at paid labor. Unpaid labor such as personal housework or caring for children or pets is not considered part of the working week.

Many countries regulate the work week by law, such as stipulating minimum daily rest periods, annual holidays, and a maximum number of working hours per week. Working time may vary from person to person, often depending on economic conditions, location, culture, lifestyle choice, and the profitability of the individual’s livelihood. For example, someone who is supporting children and paying a large mortgage might need to work more hours to meet basic costs of living than someone of the same earning power with lower housing costs. In developed countries like the United Kingdom, some workers are part-time because they are unable to find full-time work, but many choose reduced work hours to care for children or other family; some choose it simply to increase leisure time.[1]
Standard working hours (or normal working hours) refers to the legislation to limit the working hours per day, per week, per month or per year. The employer pays higher rates for overtime hours as required in the law. Standard working hours of countries worldwide are around 40 to 44 hours per week (but not everywhere: from 35 hours per week in France[2] to up to 105 hours per week in North Korean labor camps)[3] and the additional overtime payments are around 25% to 50% above the normal hourly payments.[citation needed] Maximum working hours refers to the maximum working hours of an employee. The employee cannot work more than the level specified in the maximum working hours law.[4]
The World Health Organization and the International Labour Organization estimated that globally in 2016 one in ten workers were exposed to working 55 or more hours per week and 745,000 persons died as a result of having a heart disease event or a stroke attributable to having worked these long hours, making exposure to long working hours the occupational risk factor with the largest disease burden.[5]
Since the 1960s, the consensus among anthropologists, historians, and sociologists has been that early hunter-gatherer societies enjoyed more leisure time than is permitted by capitalist and agrarian societies;[6][7] for instance, one camp of !Kung Bushmen was estimated to work two-and-a-half days per week, at around 6 hours a day.[8] Aggregated comparisons show that on average the working day was less than five hours.[6]
Subsequent studies in the 1970s examined the Machiguenga of the Upper Amazon and the Kayapo of northern Brazil. These studies expanded the definition of work beyond purely hunting-gathering activities, but the overall average across the hunter-gatherer societies he studied was still below 4.86 hours, while the maximum was below 8 hours.[6] Popular perception is still aligned with the old academic consensus that hunter-gatherers worked far in excess of modern humans’ forty-hour week.[7]
History [ edit ]
The industrial revolution made it possible for a larger segment of the population to work year-round, because this labor was not tied to the season and artificial lighting made it possible to work longer each day. Peasants and farm laborers moved from rural areas to work in urban factories, and working time during the year increased significantly.[9] Before collective bargaining and worker protection laws, there was a financial incentive for a company to maximize the return on expensive machinery by having long hours. Records indicate that work schedules as long as twelve to sixteen hours per day, six to seven days per week were practiced in some industrial sites.[citation needed]
1906 – strike for the 8 working hours per day in France

Over the 20th century, work hours shortened by almost half, partly due to rising wages brought about by renewed economic growth and competition for skilled workers, with a supporting role from trade unions, collective bargaining, and progressive legislation. The workweek, in most of the industrialized world, dropped steadily, to about 40 hours after World War II. The limitation of working hours is also proclaimed by the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,[10] International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights,[11] and European Social Charter.[12] The decline continued at a faster pace in Europe: for example, France adopted a 35-hour workweek in 2000. In 1995, China adopted a 40-hour week, eliminating half-day work on Saturdays (though this is not widely practiced). Working hours in industrializing economies like South Korea, though still much higher than the leading industrial countries, are also declining steadily.

Technology has also continued to improve worker productivity, permitting standards of living to rise as hours decline.[13] In developed economies, as the time needed to manufacture goods has declined, more working hours have become available to provide services, resulting in a shift of much of the workforce between sectors.

Economic growth in monetary terms tends to be concentrated in health care, education, government, criminal justice, corrections, and other activities rather than those that contribute directly to the production of material goods.[citation needed]
In the mid-2000s, the Netherlands was the first country in the industrialized world where the overall average working week dropped to less than 30 hours.[14]
Gradual decrease [ edit ]
Weekly working hours in US manufacturing (blue)

Most countries in the developed world have seen average hours worked decrease significantly.[15][16] For example, in the U.S in the late 19th century it was estimated that the average work week was over 60 hours per week.[17] Today the average hours worked in the U.S. is around 33,[18] with the average man employed full-time for 8.4 hours per work day, and the average woman employed full-time for 7.9 hours per work day.[19] The front runners for lowest average weekly work hours are the Netherlands with 27 hours,[20] and France with 30 hours.[21] In a 2011 report of 26 OECD countries, Germany had the lowest average working hours per week at 25.6 hours.[22]
The New Economics Foundation has recommended moving to a 21-hour standard work week to address problems with unemployment, high carbon emissions, low well-being, entrenched inequalities, overworking, family care, and the general lack of free time.[23][24][25] Actual work week lengths have been falling in the developed world.[26]
Factors that have contributed to lowering average work hours and increasing standard of living have been:

Technological advances in efficiency such as mechanization, robotics and information technology.

The increase of women equally participating in making income as opposed to previously being commonly bound to homemaking and childrearing exclusively.

Dropping fertility rates leading to fewer hours needed to be worked to support children.

Recent articles[27][28] supporting a four-day week have argued that reduced work hours would increase consumption and invigorate the economy. However, other articles state that consumption would decrease, which could reduce the environmental impact.[29][30][31] Other arguments for the four-day week include improvements to workers’ level of education (due to having extra time to take classes and courses) and improvements to workers’ health (less work-related stress and extra time for exercise). Reduced hours also save money on day care costs and transportation, which in turn helps the environment with less carbon-related emissions. These benefits increase workforce productivity on a per-hour basis.

Workweek structure [ edit ]
The structure of the work week varies considerably for different professions and cultures. Among salaried workers in the western world, the work week often consists of Monday to Friday or Saturday with the weekend set aside as a time of personal work and leisure. Sunday is set aside in the western world because it is the Christian sabbath.

The traditional American business hours are 9:00 a.m. to 5:00 p.m., Monday to Friday, representing a workweek of five eight-hour days comprising 40 hours in total. These are the origin of the phrase 9-to-5, used to describe a conventional and possibly tedious job.[32] Negatively used, it connotes a tedious or unremarkable occupation. The phrase also indicates that a person is an employee, usually in a large company, rather than an entrepreneur or self-employed. More neutrally, it connotes a job with stable hours and low career risk, but still a position of subordinate employment. The actual time at work often varies between 35 and 48 hours in practice due to the inclusion, or lack of inclusion, of breaks. In many traditional white collar positions, employees were required to be in the office during these hours to take orders from the bosses, hence the relationship between this phrase and subordination. Workplace hours have become more flexible, but the phrase is still commonly used even in situations where the term does not apply literally.

Several countries have adopted a workweek from Monday morning until Friday noon, either due to religious rules (observation of shabbat in Israel whose workweek is Sunday to Friday afternoon) or the growing predominance of a 35–37.5 hour workweek in continental Europe. Several Muslim countries have a standard Sunday through Thursday or Saturday through Wednesday workweek leaving Friday for religious observance, and providing breaks for the daily prayer times.[citation needed] Some organizations follow a 4-day work week. Some government services have a modified schedule that provides evening hours on at least one day a week, for the convenience of constituents, at the expense of regular business hours elsewhere in the week.

Average annual hours per worker [ edit ]
OECD ranking [ edit ]
Trends over time [ edit ]
Average annual hours actually worked per worker in OECD countries from 1970 to 2020

By region [ edit ]
Europe [ edit ]
In most European Union countries, working time is gradually decreasing.[36] The European Union’s working time directive imposes a 48-hour maximum working week that applies to every member state except Malta (which have an opt-out, meaning that employees in Malta may work longer than 48 hours if they wish, but they cannot be forced to do so).[37] A major reason for the lower annual hours worked in Europe is a relatively high amount of paid annual leave.[38] Fixed employment comes with four to six weeks of holiday as standard.

France [ edit ]
France experimented in 2000 with a sharp cut of legal or statutory working time of the employees in the private and public sector from 39 hours a week to 35 hours a week, with the stated goal to fight against rampant unemployment at that time. The Law 2000–37 on working time reduction is also referred to as the Aubry Law, according to the name of the Labor Minister at that time. Employees can (and do) work more than 35 hours a week, yet in this case firms must pay them overtime bonuses. If the bonus is determined through collective negotiations, it cannot be lower than 10%. If no agreement on working time is signed, the legal bonus must be of 25% for the first 8 hours, then goes up to 50% for the rest. Including overtime, the maximum working time cannot exceed 48 hours per week, and should not exceed 44 hours per week over 12 weeks in a row. In France the labor law also regulates the minimum working hours: part-time jobs should not allow for less than 24 hours per week without a branch collective agreement. These agreements can allow for less, under tight conditions. According to the official statistics (DARES),[39] after the introduction of the law on working time reduction, actual hours per week performed by full-time employed, fell from 39.6 hours in 1999, to a trough of 37.7 hours in 2002, then gradually went back to 39.1 hours in 2005. In 2016 working hours were of 39.1.[citation needed]
South Korea [ edit ]
South Korea has the fastest shortening working time in the OECD,[40] which is the result of the government’s proactive move to lower working hours at all levels and to increase leisure and relaxation time, which introduced the mandatory forty-hour, five-day working week in 2004 for companies with over 1,000 employees. Beyond regular working hours, it is legal to demand up to 12 hours of overtime during the week, plus another 16 hours on weekends.[citation needed] The 40-hour workweek expanded to companies with 300 employees or more in 2005, 100 employees or more in 2006, 50 or more in 2007, 20 or more in 2008 and a full inclusion to all workers nationwide in July 2011.[41] The government has continuously increased public holidays to 16 days in 2013, more than the 10 days of the United States and double that of the United Kingdom’s 8 days.[42] Despite those efforts, South Korea’s work hours are still relatively long, with an average 1,967 hours per year in 2019.[43]
Japan [ edit ]
A “No More Karoshi ” protest in Tokyo, 2018

Work hours in Japan are decreasing, but many Japanese still work long hours.[44] Recently[when?], Japan’s Ministry of Health, Labor and Welfare (MHLW) issued a draft report recommending major changes to the regulations that govern working hours. The centerpiece of the proposal is an exemption from overtime pay for white-collar workers.[citation needed] Japan has enacted an 8-hour work day and 40-hour work week (44 hours in specified workplaces). The overtime limits are: 15 hours a week, 27 hours over two weeks, 43 hours over four weeks, 45 hours a month, 81 hours over two months and 120 hours over three months; however, some workers get around these restrictions by working several hours a day without ‘clocking in’ whether physically or metaphorically.[45][citation needed] The overtime allowance should not be lower than 125% and not more than 150% of the normal hourly rate.[46] Workaholism in Japan is considered a serious social problem leading to early death, a phenomenon dubbed karōshi, meaning death from overwork.[47]
Mexico [ edit ]
Mexican laws mandate a maximum of 48 hours of work per week, but they are rarely observed or enforced due to loopholes in the law, the volatility of labor rights in Mexico, and its underdevelopment relative to other members countries of the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). Indeed, private sector employees often work overtime without receiving overtime compensation. Fear of unemployment and threats by employers explain in part why the 48-hour work week is disregarded.[48]
Colombia [ edit ]
Articles 161 to 167 of the Substantive Work Code in Colombia provide for a maximum of 48 hours of work a week. Also, the law notes that workdays should be divided into 2 sections to allow a break, usually given as the meal time which is not counted as work.[49] Typically, there is a 2-hours break for lunch that starts from 12:00 through 13:00. In June 2021, the Colombian Congress approved a bill for the reduction of the work-week, from 48 to 42 hours, which will be implemented in several stages, from 2023 to 2026.[50]
Spain [ edit ]
The main labor law in Spain, the Workers’ Statute Act, limits the amount of working time that an employee is obliged to perform. In the Article 34 of this law, a maximum of 9 hours per day and 40 hours per week are established.[51]
Employees typically receive either 12 or 14 payments per year, with approximately 21 days of vacation. According to Spanish law, Spain holds what is known as the Convenios-Colectivos, which stipulates that different regulations and laws regarding employee work week and wage apply based on the type of job.[52] Overall they rank as the 13th highest in regard to international GDP growth.[53][54]
According to a study of the OECD Better Life Index, 4% of Spanish workers work more than 50 hours per week, compared to an average of 11% of workers in OECD countries.[55]
Working hours are regulated by law. Mandatory logging of employee working time has been in place since 2019 in an attempt by legislators to eliminate unpaid overtime and push for more transparency of actual working hours.[56][57] Non-regulated pauses during the workday for coffee or smoking are not permitted to be documented as working time, according to a ruling by The Spanish National Court in February 2020.[58]
Traditional mid-day break [ edit ]
However, one of the interesting aspects of the Spanish work day and labor is the traditional presence of a break around lunchtime. It is sometimes mistakenly thought to be due to siesta, but in fact was due to workers returning to their families for the main midday meal. That break, typically of 1 or 2 hours, has been kept in the working culture because in the post-civil-war period most workers had two jobs to be able to sustain their families. Following this tradition, in small and medium-sized cities, restaurants and businesses shut down during this time period of 2-5 for retail and 4-8 for restaurants. Many office jobs only allow one hour or even a half hour breaks to eat the meal in office building restaurants or designated lunch rooms.

A majority of adults emphasize the lack of a siesta during the typical work week. Only one in ten Spaniards take a mid-day nap, a percentage less than other European nations.[59]
Australia [ edit ]
In Australia, between 1974 and 1997 no marked change took place in the average amount of time spent at work by Australians of “prime working age” (that is, between 25 and 54 years of age). Throughout this period, the average time spent at work by prime working-age Australians (including those who did not spend any time at work) remained stable at between 27 and 28 hours per week. This unchanging average, however, masks a significant redistribution of work from men to women. Between 1974 and 1997, the average time spent at work by prime working-age Australian men fell from 45 to 36 hours per week, while the average time spent at work by prime working-age Australian women rose from 12 to 19 hours per week. In the period leading up to 1997, the amount of time Australian workers spent at work outside the hours of 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. on weekdays also increased.[60]
In 2009, a rapid increase in the number of working hours was reported in a study by The Australia Institute. The study found the average Australian worked 1855 hours per year at work. According to Clive Hamilton of The Australia Institute, this surpasses even Japan. The Australia Institute believes that Australians work the highest number of hours in the developed world.[61]
The 38 hour working week was introduced in 1983.[62]
The vast majority of full-time employees in Australia work additional overtime hours. A 2015 survey found that of Australia’s 7.7 million full-time workers, 5 million put in more than 40 hours a week, including 1.4 million who worked more than 50 hours a week and 270,000 who put in more than 70 hours.[63]
United States [ edit ]
In 2016, the average man employed full-time worked 8.4 hours per work day, and the average woman employed full-time worked 7.8 hours per work day.[19] There is no mandatory minimum amount of paid time off for sickness or holiday but the majority of full-time civilian workers have access to paid vacation time.[64]
Average annual hours worked by persons engaged United States

By 1946, the United States government had inaugurated the 40-hour work week for all federal employees.[65] Beginning in 1950, under the Truman Administration, the United States became the first known industrialized nation to explicitly (albeit secretly) and permanently forswear a reduction of working time. Given the military-industrial requirements of the Cold War, the authors of the then secret National Security Council Report 68 (NSC-68)[66] proposed the US government undertake a massive permanent national economic expansion that would let it “siphon off” a part of the economic activity produced to support an ongoing military buildup to contain the Soviet Union. In his 1951 Annual Message to the Congress, President Truman stated:

In terms of manpower, our present defense targets will require an increase of nearly one million men and women in the armed forces within a few months, and probably not less than four million more in defense production by the end of the year. This means that an additional 8 percent of our labor force, and possibly much more, will be required by direct defense needs by the end of the year. These manpower needs will call both for increasing our labor force by reducing unemployment and drawing in women and older workers, and for lengthening hours of work in essential industries.[67]
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics, the average non-farm private sector employee worked 34.5 hours per week as of June 2012.[68]
As President Truman’s 1951 message had predicted, the share of working women rose from 30 percent of the labor force in 1950 to 47 percent by 2000 – growing at a particularly rapid rate during the 1970s.[69] According to a Bureau of Labor Statistics report issued May 2002, “In 1950, the overall participation rate of women was 34 percent. … The rate rose to 38 percent in 1960, 43 percent in 1970, 52 percent in 1980, and 58 percent in 1990 and reached 60 percent by 2000. The overall labor force participation rate of women is projected to attain its highest level in 2010, at 62 percent.”[69] The inclusion of women in the work force can be seen as symbolic of social progress as well as of increasing American productivity and hours worked.

Between 1950 and 2007 official price inflation was measured to 861 percent. President Truman, in his 1951 message to Congress, predicted correctly that his military buildup “will cause intense and mounting inflationary pressures.” Using the data provided by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, Erik Rauch has estimated productivity to have increased by nearly 400%.[70] According to Rauch, “if productivity means anything at all, a worker should be able to earn the same standard of living as a 1950 worker in only 11 hours per week.”

In the United States, the working time for upper-income professionals has increased compared to 1965, while total annual working time for low-skill, low-income workers has decreased.[71] This effect is sometimes called the “leisure gap”.

The average working time of married couples – of both spouses taken together – rose from 56 hours in 1969 to 67 hours in 2000.[72]
Overtime rules [ edit ]
Many professional workers put in longer hours than the forty-hour standard. In professional industries like investment banking and large law firms, a forty-hour workweek is considered inadequate and may result in job loss or failure to be promoted.[73][74] Medical residents in the United States routinely work long hours as part of their training.

Workweek policies are not uniform in the U.S. Many compensation arrangements are legal, and three of the most common are wage, commission, and salary payment schemes. Wage earners are compensated on a per-hour basis, whereas salaried workers are compensated on a per-week or per-job basis, and commission workers get paid according to how much they produce or sell.

Under most circumstances, wage earners and lower-level employees may be legally required by an employer to work more than forty hours in a week; however, they are paid extra for the additional work. Many salaried workers and commission-paid sales staff are not covered by overtime laws. These are generally called “exempt” positions, because they are exempt from federal and state laws that mandate extra pay for extra time worked.[75] The rules are complex, but generally exempt workers are executives, professionals, or sales staff.[76] For example, school teachers are not paid extra for working extra hours. Business owners and independent contractors are considered self-employed, and none of these laws apply to them.

Generally, workers are paid time-and-a-half, or 1.5 times the worker’s base wage, for each hour of work past forty. California also applies this rule to work in excess of eight hours per day,[77] but exemptions[78] and exceptions[79] significantly limit the applicability of this law.

In some states, firms are required to pay double-time, or twice the base rate, for each hour of work past 60, or each hour of work past 12 in one day in California, also subject to numerous exemptions and exceptions.[77] This provides an incentive for companies to limit working time, but makes these additional hours more desirable for the worker. It is not uncommon for overtime hours to be accepted voluntarily by wage-earning workers. Unions often treat overtime as a desirable commodity when negotiating how these opportunities shall be partitioned among union members.

Brazil [ edit ]
Brazil has a 44-hour work week, normally 8 hours per day and 4 hours on Saturday or 8.8 hours per day. Jobs with no meal breaks or on-duty meal breaks are 6 hours per day. Public servants work 40 hours per week.

Lunch breaks are one hour and are not usually counted as work. A typical work schedule is 8:00 or 9:00–12:00, 13:00–18:00. In larger cities, workers eat lunch on or near their work site, while some workers in smaller cities may go home for lunch.

A 30-day vacation is mandated by law. Holidays vary by municipality with approximately 13 to 15 holidays per year.

Mainland China [ edit ]
China adopted a 40-hour week, eliminating half-day work on Saturdays.[80] However, this rule has never been truly enforced, and unpaid or underpaid overtime working is common practice in China.[citation needed]
Traditionally, Chinese have worked long hours, and this has led to many deaths from overwork, with the state media reporting in 2014 that 600,000 people were dying suddenly annually, some of them were dying from overwork. Despite this, work hours have reportedly been falling for about three decades due to rising productivity, better labor laws, and the spread of the two-day weekend. The trend has affected both factories and white-collar companies that have been responding to growing demands for easier work schedules.[81][82]
The 996 working hour system, as it is known, is where employees work from 09:00 to 21:00, six days a week, excluding two hours of lunch & nap during the noon and one hour of supper in the evening.[83][84] Alibaba founder Jack (Yun) Ma, and JD.Com founder Richard (Qiangdong) Liu both praise the 996 schedule, saying such a schedule has helped Chinese tech giants like Alibaba and Tencent grow to become what they are today.[85][86]
Hong Kong [ edit ]
Hong Kong has no legislation regarding maximum and normal working hours. The average weekly working hours of full-time employees in Hong Kong is 49 hours.[87] According to the Price and Earnings Report 2012 conducted by UBS, while the global and regional average were 1,915 and 2,154 hours per year respectively, the average working hours in Hong Kong is 2,296 hours per year, which ranked the fifth longest yearly working hours among 72 countries under study.[88] In addition, from the survey conducted by the Public Opinion Study Group of the University of Hong Kong, 79% of the respondents agree that the problem of overtime work in Hong Kong is “severe”, and 65% of the respondents support the legislation on the maximum working hours.[89] In Hong Kong, 70% of surveyed do not receive any overtime remuneration.[90] These show that people in Hong Kong concerns the working time issues. As Hong Kong implemented the minimum wage law in May 2011, the Chief Executive, Donald Tsang, of the Special Administrative Region pledged that the government will standardize working hours in Hong Kong.[91]
On 26 November 2012, the Labour Department of the HKSAR released the “Report of the policy study on standard working hours”. The report covers three major areas, including: (1) the regimes and experience of other places in regulating working hours, (2) latest working time situations of employees in different sectors, and (3) estimation of the possible impact of introducing standard working hour in Hong Kong.[92] Under the selected parameters, from most loosen to most stringent, the estimated increase in labour cost vary from 1.1 billion to 55 billion HKD, and affect 957,100 (36.7% of total employees) to 2,378,900 (91.1% of total) employees.[87]
Various sectors of the community show concerns about the standard working hours in Hong Kong. The points are summarized as below:

Labor organizations [ edit ]
Hong Kong Catholic Commission For Labour Affairs urges the government to legislate the standard working hours in Hong Kong, and suggests a 44 hours standard, 54 hours maximum working hours in a week. The organization thinks that long working time adversely affects the family and social life and health of employees; it also indicates that the current Employment Ordinance does not regulate overtime pays, working time limits nor rest day pays, which can protect employees rights.

Businesses and related organizations [ edit ]
Generally, business sector agrees that it is important to achieve work–life balance, but does not support a legislation to regulate working hours limit. They[who?] believe “standard working hours” is not the best way to achieve work–life balance and the root cause of the long working hours in Hong Kong is due to insufficient labor supply. The managing director of Century Environmental Services Group, Catherine Yan, said “Employees may want to work more to obtain a higher salary due to financial reasons. If standard working hour legislation is passed, employers will need to pay a higher salary to employees, and hence the employers may choose to segment work tasks to employer more part time employees instead of providing overtime pay to employees.” She thinks this will lead to a situation that the employees may need to find two part-time jobs to earn their living, making them wasting more time on transportation from one job to another.[93]
The Chairman of the Hong Kong General Chamber of Commerce, Chow Chung-kong believes that it is so difficult to implement standard working hours that apply “across-the-board”, specifically, to accountants and barristers.[94] In addition, he believes that standard working hours may decrease individual employees’ working hours and would not increase their actual income. It may also lead to an increase of number of part-timers in the labor market.

According to a study conducted jointly by the Business, Economic and Public Affairs Research Centre and Enterprise and Social Development Research Centre of Hong Kong Shue Yan University, 16% surveyed companies believe that a standard working hours policy can be considered, and 55% surveyed think that it would be difficult to implement standard working hours in businesses.[95]
Employer representative in the Labour Advisory Board, Stanley Lau, said that standard working hours will completely alter the business environment of Hong Kong, affect small and medium enterprise and weaken competitiveness of businesses. He believes that the government can encourage employers to pay overtime salary, and there is no need to regulate standard working hours.[96]
Political parties [ edit ]
On 17–18 October 2012, the Legislative Council members in Hong Kong debated on the motion “legislation for the regulation of working hours”. Cheung Kwok-che proposed the motion “That is the Council urges the Government to introduce a bill on the regulation of working hours within this legislative session, the contents of which must include the number of standard weekly hours and overtime pay”.[97] As the motion was not passed by both functional constituencies and geographical constituencies, it was negatived.[98]
The Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions suggested a standard 44-hour work week with overtime pay of 1.5 times the usual pay. It believes the regulation of standard working hour can prevent the employers to force employees to work (overtime) without pay.[99]
Elizabeth Quat of the Democratic Alliance for the Betterment and Progress of Hong Kong (DAB), believed that standard working hours were a labor policy and was not related to family-friendly policies. The Vice President of Young DAB, Wai-hung Chan, stated that standard working hours would bring limitations to small and medium enterprises. He thought that the government should discuss the topic with the public more before legislating standard working hours.

The Democratic Party suggested a 44-hour standard work week and compulsory overtime pay to help achieve the balance between work, rest and entertainment of people in Hong Kong.[100]
The Labour Party believed regulating working hours could help achieve a work–life balance.[101] It suggests an 8-hour work day, a 44-hour standard work week, a 60-hour maximum work week and an overtime pay of 1.5 times the usual pay.[90]
Poon Siu-ping of Federation of Hong Kong and Kowloon Labour Unions thought that it is possible to set work hour limit for all industries; and the regulation on working hours can ensure the overtime payment by employers to employees, and protect employees’ health.

The Civic party suggests “to actively study setting weekly standard working hours at 44 hours to align with family-friendly policies” in LegCo Election 2012.[102]
Member of Economic Synergy, Jeffery Lam, believes that standard working hours would adversely affect productivity, tense the employer-employee relationship, and increase the pressure faced by businesses who suffer from inadequate workers. He does not support the regulation on working hours at its current situation.[103]
Government [ edit ]
Matthew Cheung Kin-chung, the Secretary for Labour and Welfare Bureau, said the Executive Council has already received the government report on working hours in June, and the Labour Advisory Board and the LegCo’s Manpower Panel will receive the report in late November and December respectively.[104] On 26 November 2012, the Labour Department released the report, and the report covered the regimes and experience of practicing standard working hours in selected regions, current work hour situations in different industries, and the impact assessment of standard working hours. Also, Matthew Cheung mentioned that the government will form a select committee by first quarter of 2013, which will include government officials, representative of labor unions and employers’ associations, academics and community leaders, to investigate the related issues. He also said that it would “perhaps be unrealistic” to put forward a bill for standard working hours in the next one to two years.[105]
Academics [ edit ]
Yip Siu-fai, Professor of the Department of Social Work and Social Administration of HKU, has noted that professions such as nursing and accountancy have long working hours and that this may affect people’s social life. He believes that standard working hours could help to give Hong Kong more family-friendly workplaces and to increase fertility rates. Randy Chiu, Professor of the Department of Management of HKBU, has said that introducing standard working hours could avoid excessively long working hours of employees.[106] He also said that nowadays Hong Kong attains almost full employment, has a high rental price and severe inflation, recently implemented minimum wage, and is affected by a gloomy global economy; he also mentioned that comprehensive considerations on macroeconomic situations are needed, and emphasized that it is perhaps inappropriate to adopt working-time regulation as exemplified in other countries to Hong Kong.[107]
Lee Shu-Kam, Associate Professor of the Department of Economics and Finance of HKSYU, believes that standard working hours cannot deliver “work–life balance”. He referenced the research[which?] to the US by the University of California, Los Angeles in 1999 and pointed out that in the industries and regions in which the wage elasticity is low, the effects of standard working hours on lowering actual working time and increasing wages is limited: for regions where the labor supply is inadequate, standard working hours can protect employees’ benefits yet cause unemployment; but for regions (such as Japan) where the problem does not exist, standard working hours would only lead to unemployment.[108] In addition, he said the effect of standard working hours is similar to that of (for example) giving overtime pay, making employees to favor overtime work more. In this sense, introducing standard working hours does not match its principle: to shorten work time and to increase the recreation time of employees.[109] He believed that the key point is to help employees to achieve work–life balance and to get a win-win situation of employers and employees.

Francis Lui, Head and Professor of the Department of Economics of Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, believed that standard working hours may not lower work time but increase unemployment. He used Japan as an example to illustrate that the implementation of standard working hours lowered productivity per head and demotivated the economy. He also said that even if the standard working hours can shorten employees’ weekly working hours, they may need to work for more years to earn sufficient amount of money for retirement, i.e. delay their retirement age. The total working time over the course of a lifetime may not change.[110]
Lok-sang Ho, Professor of Economics and Director of the Centre for Public Policy Studies of Lingnan University, pointed out that “as different employees perform various jobs and under different degrees of pressures, it may not be appropriate to establish standard working hours in Hong Kong”; and he proposed a 50-hour maximum work week to protect workers’ health.[111]
Taiwan [ edit ]
In 2018, Taiwan had the world’s 4th longest work hour and 2nd in Asia, with the average number of work hours hit 2,033 hours. There had been reduction in the work hours by 122 from 2008 to 2018.[112]
Singapore [ edit ]
Singapore has an 8-hour normal work day (9 hours including lunchtime), a 44-hour normal working week, and a maximum 48-hour work week. If the employee works no more than five days a week, the employee’s normal working day is 9 hours and the working week is 44 hours. Also, if the number of hours worked by the worker is less than 44 hours every alternate week, the 44-hour weekly limit may be exceeded in the other week. However, this is subject to the pre-specification in the service contract, and the maximum should not exceed 48 hours per week or 88 hours in any consecutive two week period. In addition, a shift worker can work up to 12 hours a day, provided that the average working hours per week do not exceed 44 over a consecutive three-week period. The overtime allowance per overtime hour must not be less than 1.5 times the employee’s hourly basic rates.[113]
Other [ edit ]
The Kapauku people of Papua think it is bad luck to work two consecutive days.

The !Kung Bushmen work two-and-a-half days per week, rarely more than six hours per day. [114]
The work week in Samoa is approximately 30 hours.[115]
See also [ edit ]
References [ edit ]
OECD (2019),[1]
Further reading [ edit ]

How To Calculate Hours Worked: Formula and Examples

Career development How To Calculate Hours Worked: Formula and Examples

How To Calculate Hours Worked: Formula and Examples

By Indeed Editorial Team Updated May 27, 2022 | Published February 25, 2020 Updated May 27, 2022 Published February 25, 2020 Twitter LinkedIn Facebook Email Copy to Clipboard

This article has been approved by an Indeed Career Coach

Determining the hours your team members work can help you ensure they get paid the correct amount. There are many methods you can use to track and calculate hours worked. You should choose the right timekeeping method and teach your team members how to use it so all hours worked are accounted for.

In this article, we explain step-by-step how to calculate work hours and how to keep track of employee hours, including overtime.

Related: Human Resources: Definition and How It Works

How to calculate hours worked

Follow these steps to calculate worked hours:

1. Determine the start and the end time

If you’re using a manual method, like a physical timesheet, you’ll need to determine the times your team members clocked in and out each day of the pay period.

Example: An employee started working at 7:45 a.m. and finished at 5 p.m.

2. Convert the time to military time (24 hours)

To convert time to military time, you can add 12 to the afternoon hours, and the morning hours remain the same. You also don’t need to use a.m. and p.m. since morning and night times will differ.

Example: 7:45 a.m. becomes 7:45 hours, and 5 p.m. becomes 17:00 hours.

3. Transform the minutes in decimals

To convert the minutes in decimals, you can divide the minutes by 60.

Example: 7:45 represents 7 hours and 45 minutes. Divide 45 by 60 to get 0.75. In this format, 7:45 becomes 7.75, and 17:00 becomes 17.

4. Subtract the start time from the end time

To find the total hours, subtract the time the employee clocked in from when they clocked out.

Example: 17 – 7.75 = 9.25

5. Subtract the unpaid time taken for breaks

You may need to subtract time when an employee takes an unpaid break, such as going to a doctor’s appointment.

Example: The employee took a one-hour lunch break.

9.25 – 1= 8.25

The total hours worked for that day is 8.25.

With this information, you can calculate gross wage by multiplying the hours worked by the hourly wage.

How to keep track of employee hours

It’s important to keep an accurate record of all the hours that your team members work so they receive pay for all of their work. It also helps to have detailed records in the event of an audit. Here are some ways to track your employee hours:

Handwritten timecards: Employees can write down their hours worked on a document and forward it to their employer. It’s common for employees to submit a handwritten timecard once per week or every two weeks.

Mechanical time clock: A mechanical time clock is a device in which the employees place a paper timecard when they start and stop working. The machine marks the date and time on the timecard, and the employer can calculate worked hours with this information.

Electronic time clock: The electronic time clock follows the same principle as a mechanical one but is paperless. The employee presents a badge in front of the device, and it stamps a digital timecard to record date, start and end time. Some electronic time clocks can operate with a fingerprint or PIN number instead of a badge.

Time clock software: Employees can record their work time with clock software on computers or mobile devices. They log in to a website or application, then just click a button to clock in and out. Some software can be location-enabled to ensure employees clock in and out while at work. The software automatically calculates hours worked per pay period.

Related: Communication Skills: Definitions and Examples

What is full time?

Full time is the maximum time an employee can work in a certain period. The Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA) is a federal regulation that sets an upper limit on the number of hours employees can work every week. The FLSA states the maximum amount that employees can work per week is 40 hours, and additional hours are considered overtime.

Employers can set different amounts for full time as long as it doesn’t exceed 40 hours per week. For example, a company could consider 32 hours per week full time for its employees. Companies that have 50 employees or more are required to offer benefits, like health insurance, to their employees if they work full time.

What is part time?

Part time is any work time below the full-time limit as defined by the employer. There are no regulations about how many hours per week is part time. Employers usually set the upper limit of part-time hours at half of the full-time hours or a little more. For example, a company could set part-time hours at 20 to 25 hours per week.

A part-time position usually doesn’t come with the same benefits as a full-time job. Some businesses may offer benefits to part-time employees, though they’re not required to do so.

Related: The Ultimate Guide to Work-Life Balance

What is overtime?

Overtime is the hours an employee works that exceed full time. According to the Fair Labor Standards Act (FLSA), the pay rate for overtime is 1.5 times the regular hourly rate. This number is called time and a half. Employers can choose to pay more than time and a half.

For example, if the hourly wage is $10, you will multiply this number by 1.5 to get the overtime rate:

$10 x 1.5=$15

If an employee earns $10 per hour and works 43 hours a week, then the overtime amount is three hours. To calculate the pay for that week, you would calculate their pay at the standard rate for the first 40 hours, then time and a half for the overtime hours:

($10 x 40) + ($15 x 3)= $400 + $45= $445

Companies are not required to pay overtime for salaried employees, and part-time hourly employees need to exceed 40 hours per week to earn overtime pay. Some states have overtime rules that take into account hours worked over eight per day, so check with your specific state for their calculations.

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