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A standard 52-card deck comprises 13 ranks in each of the four French suits: clubs (♣), diamonds (♦), hearts (♥) and spades (♠). Each suit includes three court cards (face cards), King, Queen and Jack, with reversible (double-headed) images. Each suit also includes ten numeral cards or pip cards, from one to ten.Each deck has four 10s, four Js, four Ks and four Qs. (Each deck has 16 face cards; 6 decks x 16 face cards = 96 cards with a value of 10.)There are 12 face cards (Kings, queens, and jacks) and there are 36 numbered cards (2’s through 10’s). After the first face card is drawn, there will be 11 face cards leftover, and 51 total cards remaining.
Contents
How many 10s are in a blackjack deck?
Each deck has four 10s, four Js, four Ks and four Qs. (Each deck has 16 face cards; 6 decks x 16 face cards = 96 cards with a value of 10.)
How many number cards are in a deck of 52 cards?
There are 12 face cards (Kings, queens, and jacks) and there are 36 numbered cards (2’s through 10’s). After the first face card is drawn, there will be 11 face cards leftover, and 51 total cards remaining.
How many face cards and tens are in a deck?
In a standard deck of 52 cards, you will find 12 face cards: four jacks, four queens, and four kings (in order of rank). Some people call these 12 cards “The Court”. You will also find 36 numbered cards (four each of numbers two through 10) and four aces.
What comes after 10 in a deck?
The rank of cards in Solitaire games is: K (high), Q, J, 10, 9, 8, 7, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2, A (low).
Is there a 10 in a deck of cards?
A standard deck of cards has four suites: hearts, clubs, spades, diamonds. Each suite has thirteen cards: ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, jack, queen and king. Thus the entire deck has 52 cards total.
What split 10s?
If a player stands with a pair of 10s, he has a 20; if he splits, he is playing two hands, each starting with a 10.
What is the probability of drawing a 10 from a deck of 52 cards?
1 Expert Answer
The probability of drawing the initial 10 is 4 (the number of 10s in the deck) out of 52 (the number of cards in the deck). This can be reduced by 4 to make 1 out of 13. Drawing a two would then be 4 out of 51, since we didn’t replace the card.
What does a deck of 52 contain?
Composition. A standard 52-card deck comprises 13 ranks in each of the four French suits: clubs (♣), diamonds (♦), hearts (♥) and spades (♠). Each suit includes three court cards (face cards), King, Queen and Jack, with reversible (double-headed) images.
What is in a 52 deck of cards?
A “standard” deck of playing cards consists of 52 Cards in each of the 4 suits of Spades, Hearts, Diamonds, and Clubs. Each suit contains 13 cards: Ace, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, Jack, Queen, King. Modern decks also usually include two Jokers.
What is the face card of deck?
A face card is any of the twelve cards in a deck which has a picture of a face. The face cards are kings, queens, and jacks.
Why is there 52 cards in a deck?
The most common theory is that the 52 cards represent 52 weeks in a year. The four colors represent the four seasons. The 13 cards in a suit represent the thirteen weeks in each season, Four suits times 13 cards in a suite equals 52.
Is Ace a face card?
In playing cards the term face card is generally used to describe a card that depicts a person so King ,Queen and Jack are known as the face cards. Ace is not considered as the face card.
Why is a jack called a jack?
It evolved to mean ‘young manservant or henchman’. The word ‘Jack’ was in common usage in the 16th and 17th centuries to mean any generic man or fellow, as in Jack-of-all-trades (one who is good at many things), Jack-in-the-box (a child’s toy), or Jack-in-the-Pulpit (a plant).
What is a jack in royalty?
In the English language generally, as Etymology Online notes, “Jack became a generic name applied familiarly or contemptuously to anybody (especially a young man of the lower classes) from late 14th century.” As a knave is “a tricky deceitful fellow” per Merriam-Webster, the two are somewhat interchangeable.
How much is 8.06 e67?
52! is a damn high number which is equal to 8.06e+67. 80,658,175,170,943,878,571,660,636,856,403,766,975,289,505,440,883,277,824,000,000,000,000 to be exact. It is a 68 digit number.
How many blackjack cards are in a deck?
How many cards are in one deck for blackjack? There are about 52 cards within one deck during blackjack. All 16 face cards have a value of 10 while all four aces have a value of 1 or 11.
How many decks are in a blackjack shoe?
There are two good reasons why casinos tend to prefer using six to eight decks of cards at a blackjack table. Firstly, with a single deck game, the dealer must shuffle the deck after every round, and that takes time.
Why do casinos use 8 decks?
To make it harder to keep track of the cards in the deck, casinos soon switched to a multideck game, with two decks shuffled together. Today, most casinos use six, eight, or even more decks shuffled together. This is why few dealers deal by hand. It’s too hard to handle that huge stack of cards.
How many decks are in a shoe?
Dealing shoes come in many colors and sizes, depending on the number of decks they are capable of holding (2, 4, 6, or 8 decks). When the cards are placed in the shoe, the dealer will insert a brightly colored blank plastic card.
Standard 52-card deck – Wikipedia
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Contents
Composition[edit]
Design[edit]
History[edit]
Card size[edit]
Markings[edit]
Four-colour packs[edit]
Nomenclature[edit]
Terminology[edit]
Nicknames[edit]
Computer representations[edit]
See also[edit]
Notes[edit]
References[edit]
Bibliography[edit]
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The number of decks in blackjack
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How many 10 cards are in a deck of card? – Quora
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How Many Tens Are In A Standard Deck Of Cards? – FeedMag
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Alexa, How many tens are in a deck? | Alexa Answers
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How Many Tens in a Deck
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Standard 52-card deck ⇒ Answers for Top 10 Questions
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Everything you need to know about Deck of Playing Cards
Standard 52-Card Deck
How many Cards are in a Deck
How many Aces are in a Deck of Cards
How many Jacks are in a Deck of Cards
Are Jokers included in a 52 Cards of Deck
How many Face Cards are in a Deck
How many Hearts are in a Deck of Cards
How many Black Cards are in a Deck
How many Red Cards are in a Deck
How many Clubs are in a Deck of Cards
How many Queens are in a Deck of Cards
How many Spades are in a deck of Cards
How many Jacks are in a Deck of Cards
How many Tens are in a Deck of Cards
Is Ace a Face Card
How many Red Jacks are in a deck of cards
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Standard 52-card deck
Playing card deck used in English-speaking countries
Cards from a standard, English or Anglo-American pattern, deck
The standard 52-card deck of French-suited playing cards is the most common pack of playing cards used today.[a] In English-speaking countries it is the only traditional pack[b] used for playing cards; in many countries of the world, however, it is used alongside other traditional, often older, standard packs with different suit systems such as those with German-, Italian-, Spanish- or Swiss suits. The most common pattern of French-suited cards worldwide and the only one commonly available in Britain and America is the English pattern pack. The second most common is the Belgian-Genoese pattern, designed in France, but whose use spread to Spain, Italy, the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans and much of North Africa and the Middle East.[1] In addition to those, there are other major international and regional patterns.
Composition [ edit ]
A standard 52-card deck comprises 13 ranks in each of the four French suits: clubs (♣), diamonds (♦), hearts (♥) and spades (♠). Each suit includes three court cards (face cards), King, Queen and Jack, with reversible (double-headed) images. Each suit also includes ten numeral cards or pip cards, from one to ten. The card with one pip is known as an Ace. Each pip card displays the number of pips (symbols of the suit) corresponding to its number, as well as the appropriate numeral (except “A” for the Ace) in at least two corners.
In addition, commercial decks often include anywhere from one to six (most often two or three since the mid-20th century) Jokers, often distinguishable with one being more colourful than the other, as some card games require these extra cards.[2][3]
Standard 52-card, French-suited, English pattern pack by Piatnik of Austria . The English pattern is also known as the Anglo-American or International pattern.
Design [ edit ]
Dondorf Rhineland pattern
The most popular standard pattern of the French deck is the English pattern[c] (pictured above), sometimes referred to as the International pattern or Anglo-American pattern.[4] The second most common is the Belgian-Genoese pattern, which was designed in France for export and spread to Spain, Italy, the Ottoman Empire, the Balkans and much of North Africa and the Middle East.[1] There are also numerous others such as the Berlin pattern, Nordic pattern, Dondorf Rhineland pattern (pictured right) and the variants of the European pattern.
Modern playing cards carry index labels on opposite corners or in all four corners to facilitate identifying the cards when they overlap and so that they appear identical for players on opposite sides. For the Ace and court cards, this label is the initial letter or letters of the name of that card. In English-speaking countries they are lettered A, K, Q and J for Ace, King, Queen and Jack. In other countries the letters may vary, although the English versions are also sometimes used. Germany uses A, K, D and B (Ass,[d] König, Dame and Bube); Russia uses the Cyrillic letters Т, К, Д and В (Tuz, Korol, Dama and Valet); Sweden uses E, K, D and Kn (Ess, Kung, Dam and Knekt) and France uses 1, R, D, V (As, Roi, Dame, and Valet).
All early playing cards were single headed (also called single ended). During the 19th century, card manufacturers began designing double-headed cards so that the cards could be readily identified whichever way up they were. In the case of court cards, this entailed cutting off the lower half of the image and replacing it with an inverted copy of the top half usually, but not always, with a horizontal or sloping dividing line between the two halves. Today, while single headed patterns of German-suited and Latin-suited cards still exist, modern French-suited cards are invariably double headed.
Although French-suited, 52-card packs are the most common playing cards used internationally, there are many countries or regions where the traditional pack size is only 36 (Russia, Bavaria) or 32 (north and central Germany, Austria) or where regional cards with smaller packs are preferred for many games. For example, 40- or 48-card Italian-suited packs are common in Italy; 40- and 48-card Spanish-suited packs on the Iberian peninsula; and 36-card German-suited packs are very common in Bavaria and Austria. In addition, tarot cards are required for games such as French Tarot (78 cards), which is widely played in France, and the Tarock family of games (42 or 54 cards) played in countries like Austria and Hungary.
History [ edit ]
The English pattern pack originated in Britain which was importing French playing cards from Rouen and Antwerp by 1480. The earliest cards of the English pattern date to around 1516. But Britain only started manufacturing its own cards towards the end of the 16th century, when card production began in London. These were based on the Rouen pattern, but unlike the traditional French cards, they dropped the names on the court cards. The English pattern evolved, in the process losing “some of its Rouen flavour and elegance and became more and more stylised. The figures took more space in the cards and many details were distorted.”[4]
All early cards of this type were single-headed, but around 1860, the double-headed cards, universally used on modern decks, appeared. Corner indices were added around 1880. During the 19th century, the English pattern spread all over the world and is now used almost everywhere, even in countries where traditional patterns and other suits are popular. In America, the English pattern was copied onto wider cards.[4]
The fanciful design and manufacturer’s logo commonly displayed on the ace of spades began under the reign of James I of England, who passed a law requiring an insignia on that card as proof of payment of a tax on local manufacture of cards. Until August 4, 1960, decks of playing cards printed and sold in the United Kingdom were liable for taxable duty and the ace of spades carried an indication of the name of the printer and the fact that taxation had been paid on the cards.[e] The packs were also sealed with a government duty wrapper.
Card size [ edit ]
Manufacturer Country Marketed as Length Width in mm in mm De La Rue (c. 1870) UK not specified 3.7 94 2.5 64 Ravensburger Germany Poker 3.6 92 2.3 59 Handa (wide)[f] Denmark not specified 3.6 91 2.4 62 ASS Altenburger Germany Poker, Rummy 3.6 91 2.3 59 De La Rue (c. 1890)
(Pneumatic Series F (Thin)) UK not specified 3.5 90 2.4 62 Kem (wide) US Poker[g] 3.5 89 2.5 64 Piatnik (narrow) Austria Bridge, Poker, Whist 3.5 89 2.3 58 Kem (narrow) US Bridge 3.5 89 2.25 57 Piatnik (wide) Austria Classic Poker, Poker Pro 3.5 88 2.5 63 Waddingtons UK not specified 3.5 88 2.3 58 Handa (narrow) Denmark not specified 3.4 87 2.2 56 Oberg Sweden Poker 3.4 87 2.2 56 Bicycle US Poker 3.5 88 2.5 63 Cartamundi Belgium Bridge 3.4 87 2.2 56 Cartamundi Belgium Poker 3.5 88 2.5 63
Historically the size of playing cards was down to the printer, but during the 19th century sizes became standardised, initially to a size of 3½ x 2½ inches. Today these are often referred to as “wide” cards or “poker-sized” cards. Wider playing cards had advantages: it was harder to cheat and, if packs were unavailable, dog-eared cards could be trimmed smaller. Narrower cards, known as “whist-sized” or “bridge-sized” cards, probably first appeared in Europe and enabled players to handle the larger numbers of cards required for games like bridge.[5][6]
However, there is no formal requirement for precise adherence and minor variations are produced by various manufacturers in different countries.[7] In Germany, for example, standard Poker and Rummy packs by ASS Altenburger and Ravensburger measure 92 × 59 mm.[8] Austria’s Piatnik sells packs marketed for Bridge, Poker and Whist measuring 89 × 58 mm;[9] while Britain’s Waddingtons produce generic packs sized at 88 × 58 mm.
Other sizes are also available, such as a medium size (usually 67 × 42 mm or 2.6 × 1.7 in) and a miniature size (typically 45 × 32 mm or 1.8 × 1.3 in).[10] These are often intended for playing patience or solitaire games.[10] Larger ‘jumbo’ cards are produced for card tricks and those with poor eyesight.
The thickness and weight of modern playing cards are subject to numerous variables related to their purpose of use and associated material design for durability, stiffness, texture and appearance.[11]
Markings [ edit ]
Some decks include additional design elements. Casino blackjack decks may include markings intended for a machine to check the ranks of cards, or shifts in rank location to allow a manual check via an inlaid mirror. Many casino decks and solitaire decks have four indices instead of just two. Some modern decks have bar code markings on the edge of the face to enable them to be sorted by machine (for playing duplicate bridge, especially simultaneous events where the same hands may be played at many different venues). Some decks have large indices for clarity. These are sometimes sold as ‘seniors’ cards for older people with limited eyesight, but may also be used in games like stud poker, where being able to read cards from a distance is a benefit and hand sizes are small.
Four-colour packs [ edit ]
The standard French-suited pack uses black for the spades and clubs, and red for the hearts and diamonds. However, some packs use four colours for the suits in order to make it easier to tell them apart. There are several schemes: a common one is the English Poker format with black spades (♠), red hearts (♥), blue diamonds (♦) and green clubs (♣). Another common system is based on the German suits and uses green spades (♠) and yellow diamonds (♦) with red hearts (♥) and black clubs (♣).
Nomenclature [ edit ]
When giving the full written name of a specific card, the rank is given first followed by the suit, e.g., “ace of spades” or “Ace of Spades”.[h] Shorthand notation may reflect this by listing the rank first, “A♠”; this is common usage when discussing poker; but it is equally common in more general sources to find the suit listed first, as in “♠K” for a single card or “♠AKQ” for multiple cards. This is common practice when writing about bridge as it helps differentiate between the card(s) and the contract (e.g. “4♥”, a contract of four hearts). Tens may be either abbreviated to T or written as 10.
Terminology [ edit ]
Common collective and individual terms for playing cards that are relevant, but not exclusive to, the 52-card pack are:
Face card or court card – a jack, queen or king.
or – a jack, queen or king. Honour card – a card that attracts a special bonus or payment for being held or captured in play. [12] In bridge, honours are the aces, the court cards and tens (A, K, Q, J, 10); in whist and related games, the aces and courts (A, K, Q, J). [13]
– a card that attracts a special bonus or payment for being held or captured in play. In bridge, honours are the aces, the court cards and tens (A, K, Q, J, 10); in whist and related games, the aces and courts (A, K, Q, J). Wild card – card that may be designated by the owner to represent any other card.
– card that may be designated by the owner to represent any other card. Numerals or pip cards are the cards numbered from 2 to 10.
or are the cards numbered from 2 to 10. “1” cards are usually known as aces .
. “2” cards are also known as deuces .
. “3” cards are also known as treys.
Nicknames [ edit ]
For a comprehensive list of card nicknames, see List of playing-card nicknames
One-eyed Royals – the jack of spades and jack of hearts (sometimes called “one-eyed jacks” ) and the king of diamonds are drawn in profile; therefore, these cards are sometimes referred to as “one-eyed”. The rest of the courts are shown in full or oblique face.
– the jack of spades and jack of hearts (sometimes called ) and the king of diamonds are drawn in profile; therefore, these cards are sometimes referred to as “one-eyed”. The rest of the courts are shown in full or oblique face. Suicide kings – The king of hearts is typically shown with a sword behind his head, making him appear to be stabbing himself. Similarly, the one-eyed king of diamonds is typically shown with an ax behind his head with the blade facing toward him. These depictions, and their blood-red colour, inspired the nickname “suicide kings” .
– The king of hearts is typically shown with a sword behind his head, making him appear to be stabbing himself. Similarly, the one-eyed king of diamonds is typically shown with an ax behind his head with the blade facing toward him. These depictions, and their blood-red colour, inspired the nickname . The king of diamonds is traditionally armed with an axe, while the other three kings are armed with swords; thus, the king of diamonds is sometimes referred to as ” the man with the axe “. This is the basis of the trump “one-eyed jacks and the man with the axe”. Poker may be played with wild cards, often “Aces, Jacks, and the King with the Axe”.
“. This is the basis of the trump “one-eyed jacks and the man with the axe”. Poker may be played with wild cards, often “Aces, Jacks, and the King with the Axe”. The ace of spades, unique in its large, ornate spade, is sometimes said to be the death card or the picture card, and in some games is used as a trump card.
The queen of spades usually holds a sceptre and is sometimes known as “the bedpost queen”, though more often she is called the “black lady”. She also is the only queen facing left.
In many decks, the queen of clubs holds a flower. She is thus known as the “flower queen”, though this design element is among the most variable; the Bicycle Poker deck depicts all queens with a flower styled according to their suit.
Computer representations [ edit ]
SVG [ edit ]
Unicode [ edit ]
As of Unicode 7.0, playing cards are now represented. Note that the following chart (“Cards”, Range: 1F0A0–1F0FF) includes cards from the Tarot Nouveau deck, as well as the standard 52-card deck.
See also [ edit ]
Notes [ edit ]
^ 52 cards excluding any Jokers ^ ‘Deck’ and ‘pack’ are synonymous; ‘deck’ tends to be used in America and ‘pack’ elsewhere. ^ ‘English pattern’ is the name recommended by the IPCS ^ Formerly Aß or As. ^ The Stamp Act 1765 imposed a tax on playing cards. ^ Taken from a pack with a tourist motif, so may have been aimed at American market. ^ Kem Poker cards are close to the B8 (88 x 62 mm) size of ISO 216 ^ Sources vary as to the capitalisation used with American sources tending to favour lower case and British sources tending towards capitals, but there are numerous exceptions and some sources combine them e.g “Ace of spades”.
References [ edit ]
Bibliography [ edit ]
The number of decks in blackjack
G aming G uru
Playing blackjack in today’s modern casinos, you will find a variety of decks, ranging from one, two, four, six and eight. What is the difference and which is best?Going back to the early 60s, all blackjack games in Las Vegas, Reno and other Nevada locations were played with a single deck. Around that time, Dr. Edward O. Thorp brought out his best-selling blackjack book “Beat The Dealer”. That book shook up casino management, and the first thing they did was change some of the rules for the game. That didn’t work so well, so they decided to add additional decks.They started with two decks, then moved to four decks. As time went on card counting started to get very popular, and casinos started to standardize the game with six and even eight decks.Today, you can still find single decks; however, if you look closely, you will find the game has very poor rules for the player. For example, a single deck will allow the player to double down only on 10 and 11, while at a six or eight deck game a player can double with any two cards.Some six- and eight-deck games will allow double down after split while the single and double will not allow any doubling after a split. The same is true about splitting aces. With more decks sometimes you can re-split aces, while at tables will only one and two decks, they will not allow that specific move.So it seems that the more decks a table has, it will offer more options for the player. The single and double desks have limited options for the player.There are websites that report on game options for blackjack players at various casinos. Take some time to look them up. When in the casino, look closely at the placard on the table. It will tell you the minimum and maximum bets allowed and also list some, not all, of the player options for that specific table. The basic idea for most casinos is: the more limited the number of decks, the fewer options; while the more decks, the more options for the player.BET YOU DIDN’T KNOW• During World War II, the U.S. Playing Card Company had a secret deal with the U.S. government. They produced special decks of playing cards for American prisoners of war in German camps. When these cards were moistened, they peeled apart to reveal sections of a map indicating precise escape routes.• Vingt-Et-Un Corporation developed a system called Blackjack II. It consisted of two separate dealing shoes holding six decks each. Depending on the color of the first card, red (diamonds – hearts) a card would be drawn from the red shoe. If black (spades – clubs) the second card would be drawn from the blue shoe. It was designed to prevent card counting, but it never caught on with casinos or the public.• The U.S. Treasury Department reported in 1814 that 400,000 decks of cards were manufactured that year with a duty-imposed tax of 25 cents per deck.• The new Aladdin hotel-casino (2000-2004) in Las Vegas reported it went through 300,000 decks of cards each year.• In 1885 a card manufacture company introduces decks of cards called Tally-ho after an attractive carriage that was in vogue at the time. A small start-up competitor chose the recently developed high-wheel bicycle as its trade mark since they felt it was newer and faster then a carriage, hence the name Bicycle Playing Card Company.• It is commonly believed that the four suits in a deck of playing cards — spades, hearts, diamonds and clubs, derive from French decks of cards. In French decks, the suits represent the four classes: Spades represent nobility, hearts for the clergy, diamonds for merchants, and clubs represents the peasants.• The Playboy Club located in the Palms Resort Casino in Las Vegas reported it goes through 72 decks of cards every night.• There are 96 10-value cards in a six-deck shoe. Each deck has four 10s, four Js, four Ks and four Qs. (Each deck has 16 face cards; 6 decks x 16 face cards = 96 cards with a value of 10.)• The United States Playing Card Company, the largest manufacturer of playing cards in the world, sells more than 20 million decks to casinos every year.• In November 2007, Liu Fuchang, a Chinese citizen, set a new Guinness World Record for owning over 11,087 individual decks of different playing cards.
How Many Face Cards Are In A Deck? (Explained)
People worldwide use playing cards to pass the time, have fun with friends, and improve cognitive function.
You probably know that a deck of playing cards contains a total of 52 cards, excluding jokers.
However, do you know how many face cards there are?
Face cards represent a winning hand in many games, and you may need to know how many are in a deck to help you anticipate your next move.
How Many Face Cards Are In A Deck?
In a standard deck of 52 cards, you will find 12 face cards: four jacks, four queens, and four kings (in order of rank).
Some people call these 12 cards “The Court”.
You will also find 36 numbered cards (four each of numbers two through 10) and four aces.
Some people consider aces face cards, but the term “face card” only applies to the jacks, queens, and kings.
The deck contains a face card in each suit (clubs, hearts, spades, and diamonds), and you will find 13 cards in each suit, including the face cards, number cards, and the ace.
There are 26 black cards and 26 red cards.
While not included in the total of 52 cards, you may also have two jokers, sometimes used as a wild card to spice up gameplay to certain games.
If you just opened a new pack of cards, be sure to remove the jokers if they don’t fit into your game.
Card Rankings
You may want a face card to complete a desirable hand, but are you sure that your hand will beat the other players if you get the card you want?
While not applicable to all games, we will cover the card rankings for some of the most popular games, such as Five Card Draw Poker (from low to high):
High card: highest single card in your hand (2-4-10-6-K)
highest single card in your hand (2-4-10-6-K) Pair: two cards of the same number or rank (10-J-Q-Q-3)
two cards of the same number or rank (10-J-Q-Q-3) Two Pair: two sets of pairs (K-K-Q-Q-4)
two sets of pairs (K-K-Q-Q-4) Three of a Kind: three cards of the same number or rank (K-K-K-J-5)
three cards of the same number or rank (K-K-K-J-5) Straight: all five cards in consecutive order but not the same suit (2-3-4-5-6)
all five cards in consecutive order but not the same suit (2-3-4-5-6) Flush: all five cards the same suit but not in order (K-4-10-6-Q)
all five cards the same suit but not in order (K-4-10-6-Q) Full House: a pair and three of a kind (8-8-J-J-J)
a pair and three of a kind (8-8-J-J-J) 4 of a Kind: four cards of the same number or rank (3-3-3-3-K)
four cards of the same number or rank (3-3-3-3-K) Straight Flush: five sequential cards, all the same suit (4-5-6-7-8)
five sequential cards, all the same suit (4-5-6-7-8) Royal Flush: five highest cards in the deck, all the same suit (10-J-Q-K-A)
Playing Card History
As part of ordinary society and seemingly since the beginning of time, it’s hard to think of a time when people didn’t enjoy playing cards with each other for fun and gambling purposes.
We may not know the exact history and origin of playing cards, but evidence indicates people played cards hundreds, possibly even more than 1,000 years ago.
From the Tang dynasty (618–907), the idea of cards spread to Europe.
The Tang dynasty played drinking games with cards or used cards to represent money while gambling.
However, these games didn’t use the same 52-card deck we use today.
The first solid evidence of a 52-card deck comes from the records of a German monk named Johannes.
Hand-crafted artisanal cards became popular in the affluent crowds of Italy until Germans developed inexpensive cards that depicted everyday life and were designed to be affordable.
Card Symbology
A lot of thought went into the cards we use to play drinking games.
When you know the thinking behind the seemingly arbitrary figures, you may appreciate the complexity and longevity of the system.
Face Card Depictions
Have you ever wondered exactly who the characters on your playing cards were?
Well, many people believe that the cards represent specific people.
At times, this may have been true, especially in 16th century France.
However, the truth is that the figures don’t definitively represent one particular person.
That doesn’t mean that people haven’t tried to put a name with each face.
Each face card is associated with royalty and other famous characters throughout history and literature.
While some people debate who’s being depicted in one or two of the cards, the findings are relatively consistent.
See the following guesses about who each face card represents:
King of Spades: King David
King David King of Hearts: Charlemagne (possibly Charles VII)
Charlemagne (possibly Charles VII) King of Diamonds: Julius Caesar
Julius Caesar King of Clubs: Alexander the Great
Alexander the Great Queen of Spades: Athena
Athena Queen of Hearts: Judith
Judith Queen of Diamonds: Rachel
Rachel Queen of Clubs: Argine
Argine Jack of Spades: Ogier the Dane
Ogier the Dane Jack of Diamonds: La Hire
La Hire Jack of Hearts: Hector of Troy
Hector of Troy Jack of Clubs: Judas (possibly Lancelot)
While interesting, you shouldn’t use your playing deck as a historically accurate reference for what any of these people looked like.
The cards don’t necessarily represent the legacy of each character, either.
The King of Hearts represents Charlamagne (or possibly Charles VII).
The card obtained the nickname “Suicide King” since the card depicts a sword through the king’s head.
However, Charlamagne and Charles VII both fell to illness after long lives.
The figure on the card also doesn’t have a mustache, while most depictions of Charlamagne have prominent mustaches, though Charles VII does not appear to have a mustache.
Additional Symbolism
It’s not just the face cards that have symbolic meanings.
The four suits represent the four elements showcasing the ancient appreciation for elements of nature:
Spades: air
air Diamonds: earth
earth Clubs: fire
fire Hearts: water
The four suits also represent the four pillars of Middle Age society:
Spades: military
military Diamonds: merchant class
merchant class Clubs: agriculture
agriculture Hearts: church
The two red suits and two black suits also represent the four solstices.
Some other fun symbolism found in playing card imagery include:
The 52 cards = 52 weeks of the year
13 cards per suit = 13 weeks per season
12 face cards = 12 months
Types Of Playing Card Decks
Most people play cards with a standard deck of playing cards that follow a traditional appearance and cars, as we explained them.
However, there are style variations that might look a bit different.
1. Transformation Deck
A transformation deck adds a bit of flair to the common imagery we all know by allowing the deck designer to manipulate the pips on the cards.
Pips are the characters that indicate the rank and suit of the card (e.g., the seven spade shapes on the seven of spades card).
A transformation deck may enhance the pips to make them larger or even transform them all together to be paw prints or pieces of candy.
A proper transformation deck keeps the pips in their original positioning.
Semi-transformation decks give the designer more freedom to change the placement of the pips.
2. Novelty Deck
Card games are fun, and novelty decks add to the fun with unique images replacing the traditional pictures.
Usually, this applies to every card, but it sometimes only applies to the face cards.
You can find novelty decks for just about any category you can think of, from The Simpsons-themed playing cards or custom-made cards that represent the whole family.
A novelty deck can be a promotional tool for a business or make a great souvenir from a landmark or travel destination.
3. Foreign Deck
Not all decks look the same as they do in America.
Some countries use completely different suits than the ones we are familiar with.
The difference is especially evident in Europe.
France uses the spades, hearts, clubs, and diamonds we use.
However, Italian/Spanish cards and German/Swiss cards use different suits altogether.
Playing card suits in Italy:
Swords
Cups
Clubs
Coins
Playing card suits in Germany:
Leaves
Hearts
Acorns
Bells
You should still be able to play any game you would normally play as long as you clarify which suit matches the suits you know.
4. Gaffed Deck/Marked Deck
Whenever games of chance are afoot, people try to manipulate the results.
Magicians saw entertainment opportunities with card tricks.
However, after some basic tricks no longer satisfied the audiences, magicians needed help from special card decks.
SPOILER ALERT: Card Tricks Aren’t Real.
Magicians used gaffed decks and marked decks to perform tricks.
Gaffed decks come with blank cards or cards with double backs.
Marked decks have special indicators to help magicians identify the specific card required to pull off a trick.
5. Casino Deck
Casinos regularly suffer from fraud, so they take special precautions to ensure they eliminate the likelihood of fraud.
Casinos use special casino decks to prevent fraud.
Casino decks usually have a hole punched into them.
The holes in the cards indicate that the deck has been put into play.
Casinos also change decks regularly based on their policies.
These include some casinos changing decks after every game.
Casinos will also shuffle multiple decks together to ensure as much variety as possible.
Playing Card Probability
It’s not enough to know how many face cards are in a deck, but you must also know the probability of receiving the card(s) you need.
If starting from a fresh 52-card deck, the probability of receiving a face card comes to 6/26 (roughly 23%).
Some situations may call for a face card of a specific color.
The probability of drawing a black face card from a fresh deck is 3/26 (roughly 11.5%).
If you absolutely must have a face card of one specific suit, you have a probability of 3/52 (5.8%).
Working from a full deck, you have a 50% chance of picking either a red or a black card.
You have a 25% chance of picking any specific suit.
Keep in mind, these numbers assume that you will start with a full deck of cards.
Combination Possibilities
When you lay out every card in a pack of cards, there are 80,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 possible order outcomes.
(The inaccessible number can be written as 8.06e+67, and it’s referred to as 80 Unvigintillion.)
This number is not necessarily practical since most games don’t require a specific order of specific values and suits for all 52 cards.
To make the numbers more applicable to everyday card playing, consider the possibilities of a mere two cards.
What is the possibility you pick two aces in a row?
There are a total of 2,652 possible outcomes when picking two cards out of a deck of 52 cards.
Order counts in this example.
To calculate the probability of picking up two aces in a row, you have a 2/26 (7.7%) chance of picking an ace on your first attempt.
If you picked up an ace against the difficult odds, you would then have a 3/51 (5.1%) chance of picking up a second ace on your second attempt.
If you didn’t pick up an ace on your first attempt, you have a 4/51 chance of picking up an ace on your second attempt (7.8%).
To determine the likelihood of both of those things happening, in this order, you multiply your odds together.
To help illustrate the point that the odds are slim, we will use the same example.
The odds of picking two aces out of a 52-card deck equal 4/52 multiplied by 3/51, which comes to 1/221 (0.45%).
As you incorporate more cards, the possible outcomes and likelihood of reaching those outcomes diminish.
For example, there are 2,598,960 possible outcomes when picking cards for a 5-card draw.
That means you have a 1 in 2,598.960 chance of getting a royal flush in a specific suit.
You have a 1 in 649,740 chance of getting any royal flush.
Some people guess the probability of receiving certain cards based on the cards that have already been played.
In these situations, you need to remain aware and use your short-term memory.
Conclusion
Whether you like to play poker at the high rollers’ table or relax playing solitaire by yourself, learning about your deck of cards will help you win your game and learn about strategy, problem-solving, and statistics.
Now that you know how many face cards are in a deck, all you have to do is learn how to win.
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