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It have only 1 valence electron. Valence electrons are the electrons that are present in the outermost shell of an electron. Therefore, lithium have only 1 electron in the outermost shell.Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many valence electrons does each atom have? Each electron has a charge of 1-, and each proton has a charge of 1+.Sodium on the other hand has 1 valence electron, by losing this electron it has just a regular shell of 8 electrons, also becoming a stable octet.
Contents
How many valence electrons does each atom have gizmo?
Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many valence electrons does each atom have? Each electron has a charge of 1-, and each proton has a charge of 1+.
How many valence electrons does sodium gizmo have?
Sodium on the other hand has 1 valence electron, by losing this electron it has just a regular shell of 8 electrons, also becoming a stable octet.
How many electrons will the lithium atom give up to become stable gizmo quizlet?
Which elements are the exceptions to the Octet Rule, and how? Helium (He), Hydrogen (H), and Lithium (Li). They only need 2 valence electrons to be stable.
Does lithium have 2 valence electrons?
Lithium has a single electron in the second principal energy level, and so we say that lithium has one valence electron.
How many valence electrons does this element have?
For neutral atoms, the number of valence electrons is equal to the atom’s main group number. The main group number for an element can be found from its column on the periodic table. For example, carbon is in group 4 and has 4 valence electrons. Oxygen is in group 6 and has 6 valence electrons.
How many valence electrons does each atom have?
As a general rule, a main-group element (except hydrogen or helium) tends to react to form a s2p6 electron configuration. This tendency is called the octet rule, because each bonded atom has 8 valence electrons including shared electrons.
How do you find valence electrons?
Now that you know your element’s electron shells, finding the valence electrons is easy: just use the number of electrons in the outermost shell. If the outer shell is full (in other words, if it has eight electrons or, for the first shell, two), the element is inert and will not react easily with other elements.
How many valence electrons will the lithium atom give up to become stable?
Recall that most atoms are stable when their outermost ring has eight electrons. (Some atoms, such as lithium and beryllium, are stable when their outermost ring has two electrons.) 2.
How many electrons does lithium have?
How many stable electrons does lithium have?
NOTE: Lithium has only one electron in its outermost shell. To gain stable configuration it will need to gain seven electrons.
Which element has 5 valence electrons and 6 valence electrons?
These elements include Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As), Antimony (Sb) and Bismuth (Bi).
How many valence electrons does each oxygen atom have?
Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell, or energy level, of an atom. For example, oxygen has six valence electrons, two in the 2s subshell and four in the 2p subshell. We can write the configuration of oxygen’s valence electrons as 2s²2p⁴.
How many valence electrons does each fluorine atom have?
For example, fluorine has seven valence electrons, so it is most likely to gain one electron to form an ion with a 1- charge.
How many valence electrons does each oxygen atom need to be stable?
Alone, each oxygen atom has six valence electrons. By sharing two pairs of valence electrons, each oxygen atom has a total of eight valence electrons. This fills its outer energy level, giving it the most stable arrangement of electrons.
How many valence electrons does the hydrogen have?
Each hydrogen atom has two valence electrons.
how many valence electrons does lithium have gizmo
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Valence Electrons
Using abbreviated electron configuration (or noble gas configuration) to identify valence electrons
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how many valence electrons does lithium have gizmo
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- Summary of article content: Articles about how many valence electrons does lithium have gizmo In the Gizmo™, observe the red sodium atom and blue chlorine atom in the SIMULATION … How many valence electrons does the sodium atom appear to have now? …
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How many electrons are in a neutral atom of lithium gizmo? – PostVines
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Ionic Bonding Gizmo Answers
Name: Ashley Maddison Date: 11/28/
Student Exploration: Ionic Bonds
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes.
Vocabulary: chemical family, electron affinity, ion, ionic bond, metal, nonmetal, octet rule, shell, valence electron
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
Nate and Clara are drawing pictures with markers. There are 8 markers in a set. Nate has 9 markers and Clara has 7. What can Nate and Clara do so that each of them has a full set?
Nate can give Clara 1 marker, so they each have a full set.
Maggie is sitting at a table with Fred and Florence. Maggie has 10 markers, but Fred and Florence each have only 7 markers. How can they share markers so each has 8?
Maggie has to give away 2 markers to Fred and Florence so each has 8.
Gizmo Warm-up Just like students sharing markers, atoms sometimes share or swap electrons. By doing this, atoms form bonds. The Ionic Bonds Gizmo allows you to explore how ionic bonds form.
To begin, check that Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are selected from the menus at right. Click Play ( ) to see electrons orbiting the nucleus of each atom. (Note: These atom models are simplified and not meant to be realistic.)
Each atom consists of a central nucleus and several shells that contain electrons. The outermost electrons are called valence electrons. (Inner electrons are not shown.)
How many valence electrons does each atom have? Sodium: 1 Chlorine: 7
Click Pause ( ). Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to their valence electrons very tightly, while nonmetals hold their electrons tightly. Electron affinity is a measure of how tightly the valence electrons are held.
A. Try pulling an electron away from each atom. Based on this experiment, which atom is a metal?
Sodium Which is a nonmetal? Chlorine
B. Try moving an electron from the metal to the nonmetal. What happens?
Sodium becomes a cation, and chlorine becomes an anion.
Activity A:
Ions
Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset. ● Check that sodium and chlorine are still selected.
Introduction: Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged. Particles with opposite charges (+ and –) attract, while particles with the same charge (+ and + or – and –) repel.
Question: What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons?
Count: Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the Gizmo. The first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (Electrons in the inner rings are not shown; you can assume these rings are full.)
A. Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. Assuming that the inner rings are full of electrons, how many electrons are there total in each atom?
Sodium: 11 electrons Chlorine: 17 electrons
B. Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. Based on this, how many protons are in each atom?
Sodium: 11 protons Chlorine: 17 protons
Observe: Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many valence electrons does each atom have?
Sodium: 1 valence electron Chlorine: 7 valence electrons
Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1–, andeach proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron from the sodium to the chlorine atom.
A. What are the charges of each atom now? Sodium: +1 Chlorine: –
Turn on Show charge to check. These charged atoms are called ions.
B. Is each ion stable? Explain.
Yes, each ion is stable. Chlorine only has 7 valence electrons, so gaining 1 more would lead to a stable full octet. Sodium on the other hand has 1 valence electron, by losing this electron it has just a regular shell of 8 electrons, also becoming a stable octet.
Click Check in the lower right corner of the Gizmo to check.
B. Beryllium and oxygen: Be +2 O -2 BeO
C. Magnesium and fluorine: Mg +2 F -1 MgF
D. Aluminum and chlorine: Al +3 Cl -1 AlCl
E. Beryllium and nitrogen Be +2 N -3 Be3N
Extension:
Chemical families
Get the Gizmo ready: ● Select Lithium (Li) from the Select a metal list. ● You will need a periodic table for this activity.
Introduction: The periodic table arranges elements by size and property. The vertical columns represent chemical families , or groups of elements with similar chemical properties.
Question: How are elements arranged into chemical families?
Observe: Drag the nonmetal into the trash ( ) so there is only the one lithium atom visible.
A. How many valence electrons does lithium have? 1
B Now look at your periodic table. Find lithium (Li) in the first column. Other than lithium, which
element from the Gizmo is also in this column? Sodium
C. Choose this element. How many valence electrons does this element have? 1
Gather data: Four other pairs of elements in the same chemical family are listed below. List the number of valence electrons in each element.
Beryllium 2 Nitrogen 5 Oxygen 6 Fluorine 7
Magnesium 2 Phosphorus 5 Sulfur 6 Chlorine 7
Analyze: What pattern do you see?
The pattern I observe is that elements in the same family have the same amount of valence electrons.
Make a rule: Based on your data, how are elements arranged into chemical families?
Elements are arranged into chemical families based on the number of valence electrons they each have.
Infer: Look at your periodic table. How many valence electrons would you find for elements in each family?
Boron family: 3 Carbon family: 4 Neon family: 8
Think and discuss: How do you think the number of valence electrons relates to an element’s chemical properties?
The number of valence electrons relates to an element’s chemical properties in such a way for chemical bonds to be formed. In an ionic bond, metals are more likely to give up their valence electron, and nonmetals are more likely to gain/receive valence electrons.
3.10: Valence Electrons
In the study of chemical reactivity, electrons in the outermost principal energy level are very important and so are given a special name. Valence electrons are the electrons in the highest occupied principal energy level of an atom. In the second period elements, the two electrons in the \(1s\) sublevel are called inner-shell electrons and are not involved directly in the element’s reactivity, or in the formation of compounds.
Valence electrons for representative elements
Lithium has a single electron in the second principal energy level, and so we say that lithium has one valence electron.
Li: 1s22s1 (the electron in the 2s energy level is the valence electron)
Beryllium has two valence electrons:
Be: 1s2 2s2 (the two electrons in the 2s energy level are the valence electrons)
How many valence electrons does boron have? Recognize that the second principal energy level consists of both the \(2s\) and the \(2p\) sublevels, and so the answer is three.
B: 1s2 2s2 2p1 (there are three electrons on the highest occupied energy level n=2)
In fact, the number of valence electrons goes up by one for each step across a period, until the last element is reached. Neon, with its configuration ending in \(2s^2 2p^6\), has eight valence electrons.
Ionic Bonding Gizmo Answers
Name: Ashley Maddison Date: 11/28/
Student Exploration: Ionic Bonds
Directions: Follow the instructions to go through the simulation. Respond to the questions and prompts in the orange boxes.
Vocabulary: chemical family, electron affinity, ion, ionic bond, metal, nonmetal, octet rule, shell, valence electron
Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.)
Nate and Clara are drawing pictures with markers. There are 8 markers in a set. Nate has 9 markers and Clara has 7. What can Nate and Clara do so that each of them has a full set?
Nate can give Clara 1 marker, so they each have a full set.
Maggie is sitting at a table with Fred and Florence. Maggie has 10 markers, but Fred and Florence each have only 7 markers. How can they share markers so each has 8?
Maggie has to give away 2 markers to Fred and Florence so each has 8.
Gizmo Warm-up Just like students sharing markers, atoms sometimes share or swap electrons. By doing this, atoms form bonds. The Ionic Bonds Gizmo allows you to explore how ionic bonds form.
To begin, check that Sodium (Na) and Chlorine (Cl) are selected from the menus at right. Click Play ( ) to see electrons orbiting the nucleus of each atom. (Note: These atom models are simplified and not meant to be realistic.)
Each atom consists of a central nucleus and several shells that contain electrons. The outermost electrons are called valence electrons. (Inner electrons are not shown.)
How many valence electrons does each atom have? Sodium: 1 Chlorine: 7
Click Pause ( ). Elements can be classified as metals and nonmetals. Metals do not hold on to their valence electrons very tightly, while nonmetals hold their electrons tightly. Electron affinity is a measure of how tightly the valence electrons are held.
A. Try pulling an electron away from each atom. Based on this experiment, which atom is a metal?
Sodium Which is a nonmetal? Chlorine
B. Try moving an electron from the metal to the nonmetal. What happens?
Sodium becomes a cation, and chlorine becomes an anion.
Activity A:
Ions
Get the Gizmo ready: ● Click Reset. ● Check that sodium and chlorine are still selected.
Introduction: Some of the particles that make up atoms have an electrical charge. Electrons are negatively charged, while protons are positively charged. Particles with opposite charges (+ and –) attract, while particles with the same charge (+ and + or – and –) repel.
Question: What happens when atoms gain or lose electrons?
Count: Electrons move around the nucleus of atoms in specific shells, shown by the rings around the atoms in the Gizmo. The first ring holds two electrons, and the second holds eight. (Electrons in the inner rings are not shown; you can assume these rings are full.)
A. Observe the sodium and chlorine atoms. Assuming that the inner rings are full of electrons, how many electrons are there total in each atom?
Sodium: 11 electrons Chlorine: 17 electrons
B. Each atom is neutrally charged, which means that each atom has the same number of protons and electrons. Based on this, how many protons are in each atom?
Sodium: 11 protons Chlorine: 17 protons
Observe: Most atoms are stable with a configuration of eight valence electrons. This is known as the octet rule. How many valence electrons does each atom have?
Sodium: 1 valence electron Chlorine: 7 valence electrons
Form a bond: Each electron has a charge of 1–, andeach proton has a charge of 1+. You can calculate the charge of an atom by subtracting the number of electrons from the number of protons. Move an electron from the sodium to the chlorine atom.
A. What are the charges of each atom now? Sodium: +1 Chlorine: –
Turn on Show charge to check. These charged atoms are called ions.
B. Is each ion stable? Explain.
Yes, each ion is stable. Chlorine only has 7 valence electrons, so gaining 1 more would lead to a stable full octet. Sodium on the other hand has 1 valence electron, by losing this electron it has just a regular shell of 8 electrons, also becoming a stable octet.
Click Check in the lower right corner of the Gizmo to check.
B. Beryllium and oxygen: Be +2 O -2 BeO
C. Magnesium and fluorine: Mg +2 F -1 MgF
D. Aluminum and chlorine: Al +3 Cl -1 AlCl
E. Beryllium and nitrogen Be +2 N -3 Be3N
Extension:
Chemical families
Get the Gizmo ready: ● Select Lithium (Li) from the Select a metal list. ● You will need a periodic table for this activity.
Introduction: The periodic table arranges elements by size and property. The vertical columns represent chemical families , or groups of elements with similar chemical properties.
Question: How are elements arranged into chemical families?
Observe: Drag the nonmetal into the trash ( ) so there is only the one lithium atom visible.
A. How many valence electrons does lithium have? 1
B Now look at your periodic table. Find lithium (Li) in the first column. Other than lithium, which
element from the Gizmo is also in this column? Sodium
C. Choose this element. How many valence electrons does this element have? 1
Gather data: Four other pairs of elements in the same chemical family are listed below. List the number of valence electrons in each element.
Beryllium 2 Nitrogen 5 Oxygen 6 Fluorine 7
Magnesium 2 Phosphorus 5 Sulfur 6 Chlorine 7
Analyze: What pattern do you see?
The pattern I observe is that elements in the same family have the same amount of valence electrons.
Make a rule: Based on your data, how are elements arranged into chemical families?
Elements are arranged into chemical families based on the number of valence electrons they each have.
Infer: Look at your periodic table. How many valence electrons would you find for elements in each family?
Boron family: 3 Carbon family: 4 Neon family: 8
Think and discuss: How do you think the number of valence electrons relates to an element’s chemical properties?
The number of valence electrons relates to an element’s chemical properties in such a way for chemical bonds to be formed. In an ionic bond, metals are more likely to give up their valence electron, and nonmetals are more likely to gain/receive valence electrons.
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