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Contents
Will a magnet stop a water meter?
The interference process is fully reversible-–the magnet does not damage the water meter.
Can you hack a water meter?
The sensors are unattended and hang on the meter, outside the house, and so they are easily tampered with. The cyber attacks against them can be active, where commands are issued to them, or passive, where the data is taken. If people want to reduce their water bills, they could hack the sensors.
Can magnets slow down an electric meter?
If the electricity meter uses a current transformer (CT) current sensor, the placement of a magnet could reduce the current reading and thus reduce the sensed active power.
Can water meters be read remotely?
Automated Meter Readers (AMRs) are clever things. They are meters fitted with a built-in radio transmitter, which sends your meter reading to one of our receivers as it passes by your home. This means that we can read your meter remotely, rather than someone coming to your home to do it manually.
What is meter tampering?
Meter tampering means doing any act which causes the meter to run slower or not at all and is basically theft of electricity from the company that supplies power.
Can a water meter go backwards?
It happens at night, when the demand is low, and it also happens in many older cities that have massive but partially outdated piping systems. Both of these scenarios can cause the water to flow backwards simply because there isn’t enough pressure to actually push it in the right direction.
How does a digital water meter work?
How do digital water meters work? The digital water meter reads the volume of water that enters your property in real-time and wirelessly sends this information back to South East Water. We can then identify irregular water use patterns – which may be caused by a water leak at the property.
How can I make my water meter quieter?
If your water pressure is excessively high, installing a pressure-reducing valve near the water meter will get rid of the noise and lower your water bill.
Can I have my water meter removed?
Yes you can. If you change your mind before the meter is installed, contact your company immediately to cancel your request. If your meter has already been installed, the company will not remove it.
How do I know if my water meter is accurate?
To test the accuracy of your meter, use the following procedure. Run water until the last three digits on your meter reading are all zeros. Then fill a one-gallon container with water. The last three digits on your meter should read .
How can I slow down my digital electric meter?
Originally Answered: How do I slow down my electric meter ? Use less electricity. Replace all of your lightbulbs with LED lights. Turn down the temperature in winter and turn it up in summer.
What type of magnet stops water meter?
A neodymium magnet influences the magnetic clutch of the dry dial water meter, causing a complete stop of its measurement despite flowing water (Figure 3).
Does a magnet work on a gas meter?
Can a magnet stop a gas meter? With a tiny Neodymium magnet you can prevent your gas watch from operating. Although this may seem attractive it is actually extremely harmful. Likewise you can affect not only the gas meter but also your water clock or electric clock.
How strong are neodymium magnets?
How Strong Are Neodymium Magnets? Very strong. They will amaze you! A 2-gram (0.07 ounce) neodymium magnet that measures 8 millimeters (0.315 inches) in diameter and 5 millimeters (0.197 inches) long generates a force of over 1700 grams (3.75 pounds).
How do I tamper my gas meter?
Bridging being the most common method for simple tampering, which entails attached a thick piece of copper wire between the terminals that go into the meter itself, thus ‘Bridging’ the wires and bypassing the information going to the meter. Staggeringly dangerous but also very common.
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how to make water meter run slower
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How to Turn Off Your Water Meter | DIY Plumbing – YouTube
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how to make water meter run slower
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- Summary of article content: Articles about how to make water meter run slower 1. Stop using water (recommended) · 2. Smash the dial with a hammer repeatedly. · 3. Remove the meter from the system. Set it ase. · 4. Introduce a copious … …
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Manipulation of meters and meter readings – WIN – Water Integrity Network
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Hacking water meters is easier than it should be
The smarter water meters become, the easier they’re getting to hack. Like many things in electronics, water meters become easier for hackers to break into and misuse when they are upgraded to include wireless and computer technology.
John McNabb, a security expert who has focused on protecting drinking water, told the audience at the Defcon hacker conference in Las Vegas today that, despite a $40 billion-dollar water economy, it’s still far too easy to hack into water meters used by utilities around the country. He concluded that nation’s 150,000 water utilities have a number of well-known vulnerabilities to cyber attacks and they should fix them on behalf of the 250 million consumers they serve.
“The energy theft when it comes to water theft is billions of dollars a year,” McNabb (pictured) said. “Electric utilites assume they use about 10 percent losses to theft each year. Water could be similar, and it winds up increasing the rates for others.”
Lots of water meters are still mechanical devices. Water companies lose revenue when those meters get old and sediment builds up in them so that they measure lower water usage. Utilities have started to put in wireless water meters that are easier to read and less costly. For instance, some meters broadcast a wireless signal so that a meter reader can simply drive by, detect the signal, and record it electronically. That reduces the cost of reading meters. Here’s McNabb’s white paper on the topic.
Adding computer technology throughout the infrastructure helps bring down costs. It’s easier for utilities to monitor usage on any given day and send bills more frequently. They can also detect water leaks more precisely, based on water usage patterns throughout the population. Water meters with wireless attachements can become sensors for the utility and two-way communications systems. Utilities can also resolve billing disputes better, provide more customer service, enforce water conservation, and identify illegal water connections.
Smart water meters are the new thing. The smart water meter market is expected to total $4.2 billion between 2010 and 2016, according to market researcher Pike Research. And Pike predicts that the worldwide installed base of smart water meters will increase from 5.2 million in 2009 to 31.8 million by 2016. The market researcher defines a smart meter as a component of a smart grid, with two-way communications between the meter and the water utility that allows the utility to get readings on an hourly (or more frequently) basis and issue commands to the meter. California in particular is racing ahead in deployment, and 25 manufacturers are making the smart meters now.
“It’s like an electronic cash register for the utility,” McNabb said. “But it could also be a tool for Big Brother,” a reference to the totalitarian figurehead of George Orwell’s novel, 1984.
The problem with the wireless water meters is that they are vulnerable because of the wireless medium they use. Communications are not encrypted (largely due to higher costs) and so they are easily intercepted, faked or even jammed. The sensors are unattended and hang on the meter, outside the house, and so they are easily tampered with. The cyber attacks against them can be active, where commands are issued to them, or passive, where the data is taken.
If people want to reduce their water bills, they could hack the sensors. They could also increase the bill paid by a neighbor they don’t like, or evade restrictions on the amount of water used. And since the usage of water indicates the presence or absence of the homeowner, the hacked water meters can be used for surveillance purposes.
Last year, Greek hacker Thanassis Giannetsos demonstrated how it was possible to introduce a worm to the smart electrical grid (similar to water grids) on a simulated network. Ioactive, a security penetration testing firm, also did something similar. But McNabb said that the concern about Big Brother is also a big one. He said that the water department’s staff could learn what time of day you take a shower, when you are at home, and when you’re on vacation.
“Are we being paranoid?” McNabb asked. “It’s already established that law enforcement is using electricity use and thermal imaging,” where the heat generated by indoor marijuana-growing farms has been measured.
McNabb also noted that the Hydrosense device created by researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle can be attached to water faucets to determine the usage coming out of a particular fixture in the home.
McNabb said his research showed that vendors don’t use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), which could stop eavesdropping on wireless signals, or encryption with their smart meters. One utility used a default password system which used a generic password on its web site (where users would log in and view their water usage) that was easily hacked. Transceivers for sending commands to the water meters can be purchased on eBay.
But some manufacturers are starting to build 128-bit encryption and spread spectrum security into their meters. McNabb, who was an elected water commission and managed a small water system for 13 years, described the vulnerabilities in some detail, including how to inexpensively “sniff” the wireless water meter readings, and has described them in a white paper. He said he will put it online in the near future.
Sniffing wireless water meters should’t be too difficult, he said, but there are some technical hurdles. Most U.S. meters broadcast in the 900 megahertz band of the wireless spectrum. That is the same frequency as cell phones, and there aren’t any off-the-shelf devices to sniff packets from them. Also, most of them scramble the signal by using spread spectrum, which sends out part of the message on one frequency, the next part on another, and so forth. However, other researchers have shown how to unscramble the spread spectrum code, so McNabb plans to build a device to sniff the 900 megahertz spread spectrum signals to show how it can be done and why it needs to be more secure.
Hacking water meters is easier than it should be
The smarter water meters become, the easier they’re getting to hack. Like many things in electronics, water meters become easier for hackers to break into and misuse when they are upgraded to include wireless and computer technology.
John McNabb, a security expert who has focused on protecting drinking water, told the audience at the Defcon hacker conference in Las Vegas today that, despite a $40 billion-dollar water economy, it’s still far too easy to hack into water meters used by utilities around the country. He concluded that nation’s 150,000 water utilities have a number of well-known vulnerabilities to cyber attacks and they should fix them on behalf of the 250 million consumers they serve.
“The energy theft when it comes to water theft is billions of dollars a year,” McNabb (pictured) said. “Electric utilites assume they use about 10 percent losses to theft each year. Water could be similar, and it winds up increasing the rates for others.”
Lots of water meters are still mechanical devices. Water companies lose revenue when those meters get old and sediment builds up in them so that they measure lower water usage. Utilities have started to put in wireless water meters that are easier to read and less costly. For instance, some meters broadcast a wireless signal so that a meter reader can simply drive by, detect the signal, and record it electronically. That reduces the cost of reading meters. Here’s McNabb’s white paper on the topic.
Adding computer technology throughout the infrastructure helps bring down costs. It’s easier for utilities to monitor usage on any given day and send bills more frequently. They can also detect water leaks more precisely, based on water usage patterns throughout the population. Water meters with wireless attachements can become sensors for the utility and two-way communications systems. Utilities can also resolve billing disputes better, provide more customer service, enforce water conservation, and identify illegal water connections.
Smart water meters are the new thing. The smart water meter market is expected to total $4.2 billion between 2010 and 2016, according to market researcher Pike Research. And Pike predicts that the worldwide installed base of smart water meters will increase from 5.2 million in 2009 to 31.8 million by 2016. The market researcher defines a smart meter as a component of a smart grid, with two-way communications between the meter and the water utility that allows the utility to get readings on an hourly (or more frequently) basis and issue commands to the meter. California in particular is racing ahead in deployment, and 25 manufacturers are making the smart meters now.
“It’s like an electronic cash register for the utility,” McNabb said. “But it could also be a tool for Big Brother,” a reference to the totalitarian figurehead of George Orwell’s novel, 1984.
The problem with the wireless water meters is that they are vulnerable because of the wireless medium they use. Communications are not encrypted (largely due to higher costs) and so they are easily intercepted, faked or even jammed. The sensors are unattended and hang on the meter, outside the house, and so they are easily tampered with. The cyber attacks against them can be active, where commands are issued to them, or passive, where the data is taken.
If people want to reduce their water bills, they could hack the sensors. They could also increase the bill paid by a neighbor they don’t like, or evade restrictions on the amount of water used. And since the usage of water indicates the presence or absence of the homeowner, the hacked water meters can be used for surveillance purposes.
Last year, Greek hacker Thanassis Giannetsos demonstrated how it was possible to introduce a worm to the smart electrical grid (similar to water grids) on a simulated network. Ioactive, a security penetration testing firm, also did something similar. But McNabb said that the concern about Big Brother is also a big one. He said that the water department’s staff could learn what time of day you take a shower, when you are at home, and when you’re on vacation.
“Are we being paranoid?” McNabb asked. “It’s already established that law enforcement is using electricity use and thermal imaging,” where the heat generated by indoor marijuana-growing farms has been measured.
McNabb also noted that the Hydrosense device created by researchers at the University of Washington in Seattle can be attached to water faucets to determine the usage coming out of a particular fixture in the home.
McNabb said his research showed that vendors don’t use frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), which could stop eavesdropping on wireless signals, or encryption with their smart meters. One utility used a default password system which used a generic password on its web site (where users would log in and view their water usage) that was easily hacked. Transceivers for sending commands to the water meters can be purchased on eBay.
But some manufacturers are starting to build 128-bit encryption and spread spectrum security into their meters. McNabb, who was an elected water commission and managed a small water system for 13 years, described the vulnerabilities in some detail, including how to inexpensively “sniff” the wireless water meter readings, and has described them in a white paper. He said he will put it online in the near future.
Sniffing wireless water meters should’t be too difficult, he said, but there are some technical hurdles. Most U.S. meters broadcast in the 900 megahertz band of the wireless spectrum. That is the same frequency as cell phones, and there aren’t any off-the-shelf devices to sniff packets from them. Also, most of them scramble the signal by using spread spectrum, which sends out part of the message on one frequency, the next part on another, and so forth. However, other researchers have shown how to unscramble the spread spectrum code, so McNabb plans to build a device to sniff the 900 megahertz spread spectrum signals to show how it can be done and why it needs to be more secure.
Manipulation of meters and meter readings
Customers and meter readers might collude to reduce water bills.
Risk type: Practice
Risk driver: Internal; External
DESCRIPTION
Customers who are unwilling to pay for the water they consumed may collude with meter readers to reduce the volume of water recorded, thereby lowering their bill. This may also cover up high consumption resulting from the illegal reselling of water. Falsified meter readings are difficult to detect in many utilities because of both chronic technical problems with meters and lax oversight of field staff.
RED FLAGS
High levels of non-revenue water
Large number of customers with surprisingly low consumption in certain areas
KEY GUIDING DOCUMENTS
STRATEGIC, 2009, Corruption Practices and the Available Complaint, Feedback and Redress Tool(s) and Anti-corruption Tool(s) in Water and Sanitation Sector – Bondo District, Strategic Public Relations and Research Limited, Draft prepared for Kenya Water for Health Organisation (KWAHO) and United Nations Development Programme (UNDP)
Davis, J., 2004, Corruption in Public Service Delivery: Experience from South Asia’s Water and Sanitation Sector. World Dev. 32, 53–71
TARGETED EXAMPLES
Shortage of staff and meters gives room to manipulation1
Target group: Utilities
Location: Kenya
Constraints such as shortage of staff and inadequate transport sometimes lead to incorrect billing or even delays in delivery of bills to consumers. Because there are cases where there is a shortage of meters, estimates of consumption are used and this purely relies on the goodwill of the water official. This is an obvious loophole that leads to corruption as the consumers want to pay less and the official is not sufficiently remunerated to refuse bribes to charge them less. […] This obviously affects many other aspects of the development of the water supply system including the improvement of the infrastructure and staff development.
Estimated meter readings2
Target group: Utilities
Location: South Asia
As one supervisor noted: ‘With the meter reading, the men are in the field and we have no control over them. Most of our meters do not work properly. It is accepted for the meter reader to give an estimate when there is no proper meter reading. We cannot go and check all the meters ourselves… [W]e must accept what they tell us… We cannot punish the worker but we can tell him to go and do the job without a payment of any bribes.’
FULL REFERENCES
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