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Additionally, a round hand guard (tsuba [F]) is slipped over the tsuka and held in place by a rubber washer (tsubadome [G]). The tip of the shinai is referred to as the kensen. The striking surface of the shinai, called monouchi, is the first one third of the shinai visible from the tsuka to kensen.Kendo (剣道, Kendō, lit. ‘sword way’, ‘sword path’ or ‘way of the sword’) is a modern Japanese martial art, descended from kenjutsu (one of old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu).

Contents

What martial art uses a shinai?

Kendo (剣道, Kendō, lit. ‘sword way’, ‘sword path’ or ‘way of the sword’) is a modern Japanese martial art, descended from kenjutsu (one of old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu).

What is a kendo sword called?

A shinai (竹刀) is a Japanese sword typically made of bamboo used for practice and competition in kendo. Shinai are also used in other martial arts, but may be styled differently from kendo shinai, and represented with different characters.

How do you pronounce shinai?

Phonetic spelling of shinai. Shen-eye. shi-nai.
Meanings for shinai. It is a unisex name that is of English origin.
Translations of shinai. Russian : Синай Chinese : 竹刀 Korean : 죽도 Japanese : 刀

How often should you oil shinai?

When old, sand away any splinters or roughness. Coat them with light oil such as gun or sewing machine oil, and let soak for at least 3 days, preferably a week. While they are soaking, check them daily and recoat them if the oil has been absorbed. New shinai are dry and need quite alot of oil.

How long does a shinai last?

A good shinai can last as long as a year, even with heavy practice. OK, first, lets learn the basic parts and the terminology: The shinai is made from 4 staves of bamboo, held at both ends with a leather cover, and tensioned by a string.

What checks would you make to maintain your shinai?

Maintaining Your Shinai

The shinai should be checked every practice for cracks, fraying or splinters. The tension of the tsuru should also be checked. A tsuru that is loose can allow the sakigawa to come off during practice. If a sakigawa comes off it can allow the staves to enter through the men gane causing injury.

What is bokuto knife?

A bokken (木剣, bok(u), “wood”, and ken, “sword”) (or a bokutō 木刀) is a Japanese wooden sword used for training in kenjutsu. It is usually the size and shape of a katana, but is sometimes shaped like other swords, such as the wakizashi and tantō.

Does kendo stick hurt?

Kendo sticks are easily breakable too and are also used as a method to demonstrate a wrestlers’ strength when they easily break it in half. Nonetheless, the weapon can cause a lot of pain and injuries too, but it’s nothing compared to what wrestlers can withstand.

Why was kendo banned?

Kendo was officially born in 1920. After WWII, kendo was banned by the occupational forces because of the militarized use of martial arts by Japan during the war.

How do you tighten shinai?

Thread string through handle loop, then back through itself as shown. Thread it back through the bottom of the leather loop and pull tight; cinch by winding around the loop a number of times and tucking through the last loop.

How do you fix shinai?

When old, sand away any splinters or roughness. Coat them with light oil such as gun or sewing machine oil, and let soak for at least 3 days, preferably a week. While they are soaking, check them daily and recoat them if the oil has been absorbed. New shinai are dry and need quite a lot of oil.

What do you need for Kendo?

Kendo – Equipment

Introduction to the Equipment. …
Hakama: – Traditional Japanese loose pleated trousers worn in Kendo. …
Kendo-gi: – Practice jacket, also known as a kendo gi today. …
Men:- Protective head guard/mask. …
Do:- Torso protector. …
Shinai:- Bamboo Sword.

How to Attach a Traditional Tsubadome

Beginner’s Guide to Kendo

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Beginner’s Guide to Kendo

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Contents

History[edit]

Popular art in Japan[edit]

Practitioners[edit]

Concept and purpose[edit]

Equipment and clothing[edit]

Modern practice[edit]

Techniques[edit]

Rules of Competition[edit]

Important kendo competitions[edit]

Advancement[edit]

Kata[edit]

National and international organizations[edit]

Beginner’s Guide to Kendo

Beginner’s Guide to Kendo

Chapter 2: Equipment

Shinai

The most basic piece of equipment is the shinai. Even though it is fairly inexpensive, from $25- $60, you must treat it with respect. Never lean on it, swing it around casually, or throw it down. When not engaged in practice hold it in your left hand, down by your side with your fingers on the string (tsuru). In this position, called sage-to, or hanging sword, the shinai should be held loosely allowing it to hang freely with the tip (sakigawa) just off the floor.

The shinai is constructed of four shafts of split bamboo (sake [A]), bound with a leather grip (tsukagawa [B]) and cap (sakigawa [C]), and leather thong (nakayui [D]) wound three times around the shafts, all tied together by a nylon chord (tsuru [E]) running from tip to hilt. Additionally, a round hand guard (tsuba [F]) is slipped over the tsuka and held in place by a rubber washer (tsubadome [G]). The tip of the shinai is referred to as the kensen. The striking surface of the shinai, called monouchi, is the first one third of the shinai visible from the tsuka to kensen. When striking a target you must strike with this portion of the shinai in order for the strike to be considered valid.

Proper care must be given the shinai to ensure the safety of your fellow kendoka. The tsuka should not be loose and sliding around. The nakayui, likewise, should not be loose and sliding up or down the shaft of the shinai. Make sure that the sakigawa is not torn or coming apart. The tsuru should be strung tight enough to play “Louie, Louie”. Most importantly, make sure that there are no splinters or cracks in the bamboo. Large cracks or breaks will necessitate replacing the broken slat or replacing the shinai entirely. If there are splinters use a knife or some other flat metal tool to plane the splintered area smooth. Periodically disassemble your shinai and rub the bamboo slats with oil. There is special oil available from kendo equipment vendors, but a light vegetable oil will suffice. Do not use petroleum based oils. Once you have reassembled the shinai, pour hot water over the leather parts to shrink them to a snug fit.

Bokuto (Bokken)

The next basic piece of equipment is the wooden sword, or bokken, sometimes called bokuto. It is somewhat more expensive, depending upon the type of wood from which it is made, and can cost from $40 – $200. Like the shinai it should be treated with respect. In addition, because it is made of solid wood it can be dangerous if not handled properly. Never swing the bokken at another person for “fun”.

Many samurai, most famously Miyamoto Musashi, used the bokken in combat to lethal effect.The tip of the bokken is also called kensen [A]. It has a tsuka[B], tsuba [C] and tsuba dome. The proper striking portion is also refered to as monouchi [D]. The ridge line running the length of the “blade” is called shinogi [E]. The bokken is used in prearranged forms practice (kendo kata) that employ parry and deflection techniques using the shinogi. In the above photgraph one and two are special types of bokken called suburito used primarily for suburi. They are straighter, heavier and lack a tsuba. Three and four are the standard set used in kendo kata and represent the long and short swords carried by samurai.

You will want to keep the bokken clean and rub oil on the “blade” (not the handle) from time to time.

Keiko-gi and Hakama

The clothing worn during kendo practice is referred to as do-gi. There is a heavy cotton jacket (keiko-gi) and a pleated, skirt-like trousers (hakama). While there are no specific requirements for color, most kendoka prefer deep indigo blue. These come in a variety of qualities and can cost anywhere from $150 – $300 for the set. The keiko-gi is comfortable, absorbs perspiration, and provides additional protection from inadvertant hits. The hakama allows excellent freedom of movement for the legs and disguises somewhat the footwork.The hakama has seven pleats, five in the front and two in the back. It is said that these pleats represent the seven virtues of kendo: Yuki – courage, valor, bravery; Jin – humanity, charity, benevolence; Gi – justice, righteousness, integrity; Rei – etiquette, courtesy, civility; Makoto – sincerity, honesty, reality; Chugi – loyalty, fidelity, devotion; and Meiyo – honor, dignity, prestige.

Bogu

Of course the most dramatic of the kendo equipment is the armor (bogu) which consists of a face mask (men), a chest protector (do), a hip and waist protector (tare), and a pair of gloves (kote). The bogu is lightweight for mobility and comfort, yet affords maximum protection against the shinai. A reasonable quality set for beginners will cost anywhere from $500 – $800. One of the things to consider is the spacing of the stitching. Generally speaking, the narrower the distance between the stiching the more durable the bogu. Of course, that increases the price. Shop around and compare. See our links page for some on-line kendo equipment vendors.

Men

The men, obviously, protects the head, ears, face, and throat. Although, everyone must take care that you do not use a cracked or splintered shinai, because it could get into the face or eyes. There are plexi-glass inserts to cover the eyes. I highly recommend them, and require them for children. The men is constructed of heavily quilted cotton pad (men buton) with a metal grill (men gane), usually aluminum or titanium, and leather flap () that covers the throat. It is secured to by means of two cords (men himo) that wrap around the head twice and tie in the rear. Two large flaps extend out over the shoulders to give some protection to the neck and shoulders. The men is surprisingly light and manoeverable, but it does limit your peripheral vision somewhat. Additional padding is available to slip into the men if desired for extra protection.

Do

The do protects the chest and sides. Usually made from bamboo, it also is available in fiberglass or molded, high impact plastic. It is suspended by two cords crossed in the back and slung over the shoulders. A special slip knot secures it to two loops on each side of the do. Another pair of cords are looped around the waist and tied in the rear. It does not cover under the arms, so take care to be accurate when striking the do!

Tare

The tare is a type of apron that protects the hips, thighs, and groin from inadvertant strikes. It is not a target and you should always avoid hitting anyone on the tare. It is made entirely from heavily quilted cotton. Sometimes it is trimmed with leather. It consists of a waistband, three large panels, and two smaller panels. The tare is secured to the body by two cloth bands wrapped around the waist and tied in front under the center flap. It is extremely flexible and allows a great range of motion in the hips and legs. The center flap is usually covered by a cloth bag (zekken) that displays the dojo name, perhaps an insignia (Boston Kendo Kyokai uses a wheel), and the kendoka’s family name.

Kote

The kote are a pair of padded gloves (mittens, really) that protect the fingers, hand, and wrist. They are made from leather and cotton, with a stiff, heavily quilted cotton cuff that covers the wrist.

Putting on the Bogu

The first piece of bogu that you put on is the tare. Begin by making sure that the large flaps (odare) are on top. Place the tare against your abdomen and wrap the cords around your waist. Bring the cords back to the front and tie them in a bow under the center flap. Tuck the strings up under the waist band. Pull the tare down onto your hips.

Next, place the do against your chest and bring the left himo across and around your back to the right. Fasten the himo to the leather loop using a special slip knot. Bring the right himo across to the left and fasten it to the other loop using the same knot. Tie the bottom himo behind your back in a bow. The do should fit loosely, allowing freedom of movement.

The men is next, but first you must place the tenogui on your head. There are two methods for tying the tenogui. The first is to hold the tenogui at the ends and slide it back over your head until it reaches the occipital bone. Bring the ends forward and across the forehead. Tuck the ends on each side and pull the flap back on top of your head. Make sure that the flap is tucked under so that it doesn’t stick out the back of the men.

The other method is to hold the ends of the tenogui tight and grab the bottom center with your teeth. Wrap the two ends back and around your head and tie them in the front of your forehead. Pull the flap up and back on top of your head. Now you can put on the men.

Finally, you can put on the kote. Slip the left kote on first, then the right. Make sure the lacings of the kote are not hanging down, interfering with your grip.

Now you are ready to practice kendo.

Wikipedia

For other uses, see 剣道

Modern Japanese martial art

Kendo (剣道, Kendō, lit. ‘sword way’, ‘sword path’ or ‘way of the sword’)[1] is a modern Japanese martial art, descended from kenjutsu (one of old Japanese martial arts, swordsmanship), that uses bamboo swords (shinai) as well as protective armor (bōgu).[2] Today, it is widely practiced within Japan and has spread to many other nations across the world.

Kendo is an activity that combines martial arts practices and values with strenuous, sport-like physical activity.

History [ edit ]
Swordsmen in Japan established schools of kenjutsu[3] (the ancestor of kendo). These continued for centuries and form the basis of kendo practice today.[4] Formal kendo exercises known as kata were developed several centuries ago as kenjutsu practice for warriors. They are still studied today, in a modified form.[5]
The introduction of bamboo practice swords and armor to sword training is attributed to Naganuma Shirōzaemon Kunisato (長沼四郎左衛門国郷, 1688–1767) during the Shotoku Era (1711–1715). Naganuma developed the use of this armor and established a training method using bamboo swords.[6]
Yamada Heizaemon Mitsunori (Ippūsai) (山田平左衛門光徳(一風斎), 1638–1718), third son of Naganuma and the 8th headmaster of the Kashima Shinden Jikishinkage-ryū Kenjutsu, is credited with improving the art with Japanese wooden and bamboo swords, according to his gravestone’s inscription. He is also credited with refining the armor by adding a metal grille to the headpiece (面; men) and thick cotton protective coverings to the gauntlets (小手; kote).[7] Naganuma Sirozaemon Kunisato (長沼四郎左衛門国郷, 1688-1767) inherited the tradition from his father Heizaemon in 1708, and the two of them collaborated to improve what would become modern kendo training armor.[6][7]
Shūsaku Narimasa Chiba (千葉周作成政, 1792-1855), founder of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū Hyōhō (北辰一刀流兵法), introduced gekiken (撃剣) (full contact duels with bamboo swords and training armor) to the curriculum of tradition arts in the 1820s. Due to the large number of students of the Hokushin Ittō-ryū Hyōhō at the end of the Edo period, the use of bamboo swords and armor as a form of practice became popular. Modern kendo techniques, such as Suriage-Men and Oikomi-Men, were originally Hokushin Ittō-ryū techniques, were named by Chiba Shūsaku.[6][8][9][10] After the Meiji Restoration in the late 1800s, Sakakibara Kenkichi popularized public gekiken for commercial gain, resulting in increased interest in kendo and kenjutsu.[11][12]
In 1876, five years after a voluntary surrender of swords, the government banned the use of swords by the surviving samurai and initiated sword hunts.[13] Meanwhile, in an attempt to standardize the sword styles (kenjutsu) used by policemen, Kawaji Toshiyoshi recruited swordsmen from various schools to come up with a unified swordsmanship style.[14] This led to the rise of the Battotai (抜刀隊, lit. Drawn Sword Corps), consisting mainly of sword-wielding policemen. However, it proved difficult to integrate all sword arts, leading to a compromise of ten practice moves (kata) for police training. This integration effort led to the development of modern kendo.[14] In 1878, Kawaji wrote a book on swordsmanship, Gekiken Saikō-ron (Revitalizing Swordsmanship), stressing sword styles should not disappear with modernization, but should be integrated as necessary skills for the police. He draws a particular example from his experience with the Satsuma Rebellion. The Junsa Kyōshūjo (Patrolman’s Training Institute), founded in 1879, provided a curriculum that allowed policemen to study gekiken during their off-hours. In the same year, Kawaji wrote another book on swordsmanship, Kendo Saikō-ron (Revitalizing Kendo), defending the significance of such sword art training for the police.[15] While Junsa Kyōshūjo remained active only until 1881, the police continued to support such practice.

Kendo at an agricultural school in Japan around 1920

The Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) was established in 1895 to promote martial arts in Japan. It changed the name of the sporting form of swordsmanship, gekiken, (Kyūjitai: 擊劍 and Shinjitai: 撃剣, “hitting sword”) to kendō in 1920.[4][16]
Kendo (along with other martial arts) was banned in Japan in 1946 by the occupying powers. This was part of “the removal and exclusion from public life of militaristic and ultra-nationalistic persons” in response to the wartime militarization of martial arts instruction in Japan. The DNBK was also disbanded. Kendo was allowed to return to the curriculum in 1950, first as “shinai competition” (竹刀競技, shinai kyōgi) and then as kendo in 1952.[17][18]
Official gold medal at the 60th Okayama International Sports Meeting in 2005. It emphasizes that modernism cannot escape the traditional. The soul of the warrior code ( bushido ) is still relevant today and cannot be forgotten.

The All Japan Kendo Federation (AJKF or ZNKR) was founded in 1952, immediately after Japan’s independence was restored and the ban on martial arts in Japan was lifted.[19] It was formed on the principle of kendo not as a martial art, but as educational sport and it has continued to be practiced as such to this day.[20]
The International Kendo Federation (FIK) was founded in April 1970. It is an international federation of national and regional kendo federations, and the world governing body for kendo. The FIK is a non-governmental organization, and it aims to promote and popularize kendo, iaido and jodo.[21]
The International Martial Arts Federation (IMAF), established in Kyoto 1952, was the first international organization founded since WWII to promote the development of martial arts worldwide. Today, IMAF includes kendo as one of the Japanese disciplines.[22]
Popular art in Japan [ edit ]
Kendoka jacket given in 2005, at Miyamoto Musashi Budokan , commemorating The 60th Okayama National Sports Meeting

Inscribed in popular culture in Japan, kendo has more than one million followers. Since 2012, it has been one of the disciplines taught in Japanese colleges with judo and sado. The manufacture of armor and shinai is still the object of an artisanal practice and contributes to perpetuate a tradition of small traders.[23]
Kendo belonging to the deep culture participates in the formation of the popular classes and the elites. Ryutaro Hashimoto, Prime Minister of Japan from 1996 to 1998, was 6th dan. He had a small dojo set up in the finance ministry. He reports that “the practice of kendo is associated with success”.[23] In June 1996, he promoted Japanese culture within the framework of the G7 which takes place in Lyon thanks to the drive and the authenticity of the diplomatic relationship established by Mr. Louis Michallet, Consul General of Japan, President-Founder of the Club Lyon-Japon.[24] Ryutaro Hashimoto and Jacques Chirac continued the organization from April 1997 to March 1998 of “The Year of Japan in France”, and inaugurated the Maison de la Culture du Japon in Paris.[25] Today France has some 4,800 kendo practitioners.[23]
Moreover, through the Japanese tradition, kendo is linked with Miyamoto Musashi who belongs to the national treasure of Japan. The Miyamoto Musashi Budokan located in Ōhara-chō[26] built in honor of the samurai regularly hosts all of Japan’s kendo schools.[27] As a result, at the 60th Okayama National Sports Meetings in 2005 held at BdkMiyamoto Musa Budokanshi, two official techniques from the Niten School founded by Musashi were incorporated into the International Kendo Federation by the Japanese Minister of Education.

Practitioners [ edit ]
Practitioners of kendo are called kendōka (剣道家), meaning “someone who practices kendo”,[28] or occasionally kenshi (剣士), meaning “swordsman”.[29] Additionally, the old term of kendoists is sometimes used.[30]
The Kodansha Meibo, a register of dan graded members of the AJKF, lists (as of September 2007) 1.48 million registered dan graded kendōka in Japan. According to a survey conducted by AJKF, the number of active kendo practitioners in Japan is 477,000, including 290,000 dan holders. From these figures, AJKF estimates that the number of kendōka in Japan is 1.66 million, with over 6 million practitioners worldwide, with registered dan holders and active kendo practitioners without dan grade.[31]
Concept and purpose [ edit ]
In 1975, the All Japan Kendo Federation developed and published “The Concept and Purpose of Kendo” (reproduced below).[32][33]
Concept [ edit ]
Kendo is a way to discipline the human character through the application of the principles of the katana.

Purpose [ edit ]
To mold the mind and body. To cultivate a vigorous spirit And through correct and structured training, To strive for improvement in the art of Kendo. To hold in esteem courtesy and honor. To associate with others with sincerity. And to forever pursue the cultivation of oneself.

Thus will one be able: To love one’s country and society; To contribute to the development of culture; And to promote peace and prosperity among all people.

Equipment and clothing [ edit ]
Kendo is practiced wearing a traditional Japanese style of clothing, protective armor (防具, bōgu) and using one or, less commonly two, shinai (竹刀, shinai).[34]
Equipment [ edit ]
The shinai is meant to represent a Japanese sword (katana) and is made up of four bamboo slats which are held together by leather fittings. A modern variation of a shinai with carbon fiber reinforced resin slats is also used.[35][36]
Kendōka also use hard wooden swords (木刀, bokutō) to practice kata.[37]
Kendo employs strikes involving both one edge and the tip of the shinai or bokutō.

Protective armor is worn to protect specified target areas on the head, arms, and body. The head is protected by a stylized helmet, called men (面), with a metal grille (面金, men-gane) to protect the face, a series of hard leather and fabric flaps (突垂れ, tsuki-dare) to protect the throat, and padded fabric flaps (面垂れ, men-dare) to protect the side of the neck and shoulders. The forearms, wrists, and hands are protected by long, thickly padded fabric gloves called kote (小手). The torso is protected by a breastplate (胴, dō), while the waist and groin area are protected by the tare (垂れ), consisting of three thick vertical fabric flaps or faulds.

Clothing [ edit ]
The clothing worn under the bōgu comprise a jacket (kendogi or keikogi) and hakama, a garment separated in the middle to form two wide trouser legs.[38]
A cotton towel (手拭い, tenugui) is wrapped around the head, under the men, to absorb perspiration and provide a base for the men to fit comfortably.

Modern practice [ edit ]
Kendo training is quite noisy in comparison to some other martial arts or sports. This is because kendōka use a shout, or kiai (気合い), to express their fighting spirit when striking. Additionally, kendōka execute fumikomi-ashi (踏み込み足), an action similar to a stamp of the front foot, during a strike.

Like some other martial arts, kendōka train and fight barefoot. Kendo is ideally practiced in a purpose-built dōjō, though standard sports halls and other venues are often used. An appropriate venue has a clean and wooden sprung floor, suitable for fumikomi-ashi.[32]
Kendo techniques comprise both strikes and thrusts. Strikes are only made towards specified target areas (打突-部位, datotsu-bui) on the wrists, head, or body, all of which are protected by armor. The targets are men, sayu-men or Yoko-men (upper, left or right side of the men), the right kote at any time, the left kote when it is in a raised position, and the left or right side of the dō. Thrusts (突き, tsuki) are only allowed to the throat. However, since an incorrectly performed thrust could cause serious injury to the opponent’s neck, thrusting techniques in free practice and competition are often restricted to senior dan graded kendōka.

Kendōka perform sonkyo after combat.

Two kendōka in tsuba zeriai .

Kendo target areas, or datotsu-bui .

Two kendōka , one (left) is playing in nitō (two sword style) and the other (right) is playing in ittō (one sword style).

Once a kendōka begins practice in armor, a practice session may include any or all of the following types of practice:

Kirikaeshi ( 切り返し ) Striking the left and right men target points in succession; practicing centering, distance, and correct technique while building spirit and stamina. Waza-geiko ( 技稽古 ) Waza or technique practice in which the student learns and refines the techniques of kendo with a receiving partner. Kakari-geiko ( 掛稽古 ) Short, intense, attack practice which teaches continuous alertness and readiness to attack, as well as building spirit and stamina. Ji-geiko ( 地稽古 ) Undirected practice where the kendōka tries all that has been learned during practice against an opponent. Gokaku-geiko ( 互角稽古 ) Practice between two kendōka of similar skill level. Hikitate-geiko ( 引立稽古 ) Practice where a senior kendōka guides a junior through practice. Shiai-geiko ( 試合稽古 ) Competition practice which may also be judged.

Techniques [ edit ]
Techniques are divided into shikake-waza (to initiate a strike) and ōji-waza (a response to an attempted strike).[32] Kendōka who wish to use such techniques during practice or competitions often practice each technique with a motodachi. This is a process that requires patience. The kendōka and motodachi practice the technique slowly at first; as familiarity and confidence build, they increase the speed to the level used in matches and competitions.

These attack techniques are used to create an opening in an opponent by initiating an attack, or striking boldly when the opponent has created an opening. Such techniques include:

Tobikomi-waza

This is a technique used when one’s opponent has weak kisei (spirit, vigor) or when they yield an opening under pressure. Always hold kisei and strike quickly.

Hikibana-waza

Body and shinai will lose balance as the initiator strikes or when being attacked. This technique takes advantage of this to help execute a strike. A good example is Hikibana-kote when a strike is made to an opponent’s kote as they feel threatened and raise their kensen as the initiator pushes forward.

Katsugi-waza

This provides a surprise attack by lifting the shinai over the initiator’s shoulder before striking. Here a skillful use of the kensen and spirited attack is crucial for effective katsugi-waza or luring the opponent into breaking their posture.

Nidan-waza

There are two types. The first is for moving to the next waza after a failed first strike, and the second holds the opponent’s attention and posture to create the opening for a second strike. The former requires a continuous rhythm of correct strikes. The latter requires continuous execution of waza, to take advantage of the opponent’s opening.

Harai-waza

This can be used if one’s opponent’s stance has no opening when the opponent tries to attack. The opponent’s shinai is either knocked down from above or swept up from below with a resulting strike just when their stance is broken.

Debana-waza

This technique involves striking the opponent as they are about to strike. This is because their concentration will be on striking and their posture will have no flexibility to respond. Thus debana-waza is ideal. This can be to any part of the opponent’s body, with valid strikes being: debana-men, debana-kote, and debana-Tsuki.

These counter-attack techniques are performed by executing a strike after responding or avoiding an attempted strike by the opponent. This can also be achieved by inducing the opponent to attack, then employing one of the Oji-waza.

Nuki-waza

Avoiding an attack from another, then instantly responding. Here, timing has to be correct. A response that is too slow or fast may not be effective. Therefore, close attention to an opponent’s every move is required.

Suriage-waza

If struck by an opponent’s shinai, this technique sweeps up their shinai in a rising-slide motion, with the right (ura) or left (omote) side of the shinai. Then strike in the direction of their shinai, or at the opening resulting from their composure’s collapse. This technique needs to be smooth. That is, don’t separate the rising-slide motion and the upward-sweeping motion or it will not be successful. Valid strikes include: men-suriage-men, kote-suriage-men, men-suriage-do, kote-suriage-kote, and Tsuki-suriage-men.

Uchiotoshi-waza

This waza knocks an opponent’s shinai to the right or left. This neutralises a potential strike and gives the ideal chance to strike as an opponent is off-balance. For success, the distance between oneself and the opponent has to be correctly perceived, and then one knocks down their shinai before their arm fully extends. Valid strikes include: do-uchiotoshi-men and Tsuki-uchiotoshi-men.

Kaeshi-waza

This technique is a response. As the opponent strikes, the opponent parries their shinai with the initiator’s. They then flip over (turn over the hands) and strike their opposite side. Valid strikes include: men-kaeshi-men, men-kaeshi-kote, men-kaeshi-do, kote-kaeshi-men, kote-kaeshi-kote, and do-kaeshi-men.

Rules of Competition [ edit ]
kendōka to the right may have scored a point to the At the European Championships in Bern 2005. Theto the right may have scored a point to the kote

A scorable point (有効打突, yūkō-datotsu) in a kendo competition (tai-kai) is defined as an accurate strike or thrust made onto a datotsu-bui of the opponent’s kendo-gu with the shinai making contact at its datotsu-bu, the competitor displaying high spirits, correct posture and followed by zanshin.[39][clarification needed]
Datotsu-bui or point scoring targets in kendo are defined as:[40]
Men-bu , the top or sides of the head protector ( sho-men and sayu-men ).

, the top or sides of the head protector ( and ). Kote-bu , a padded area of the right or left wrist protector ( migi-kote and hidari-kote ).

, a padded area of the right or left wrist protector ( and ). Do-bu , an area of the right or left side of the armour that protects the torso ( migi-do and hidari-do ).

, an area of the right or left side of the armour that protects the torso migi-do hidari-do Tsuki-bu, an area of the head protector in front of the throat (Tsuki-dare).

Datotsu-bu of the shinai is the forward, or blade side (jin-bu) of the top third (monouchi) of the shinai.[40]
Zanshin (残心), or continuation of awareness, must be present and shown throughout the execution of the strike and the kendōka must be mentally and physically ready to attack again.

In competition, there are usually three referees (審判, shinpan). Each referee holds a red flag and a white flag in opposing hands. To award a point, a referee raises the flag corresponding to the color of the ribbon worn by the scoring competitor. Usually, at least two referees must agree for a point to be awarded. Play is stopped after each point is awarded.

Kendo competitions are usually a three-point match. The first competitor to score two points, therefore, wins the match. If the time limit is reached and only one competitor has a point, that competitor wins.

In the case of a tie, there are several options:

Hiki-wake ( 引き分け ) : The match is declared a draw.

: The match is declared a draw. Enchō ( 延長 ) : The match is continued until either competitor scores a point.

: The match is continued until either competitor scores a point. Hantei ( 判定 ) : The victor is decided by the referees. The three referees vote for victor by each raising one of their respective flags simultaneously.[41]
Important kendo competitions [ edit ]
The All Japan Kendo Championship is regarded as the most prestigious kendo championship. Despite it being the national championship for only Japanese kendōka, kendo practitioners all over the world consider the All Japan Kendo Championship as the championship with the highest level of competitive kendo. The World Kendo Championships have been held every three years since 1970. They are organised by the International Kendo Federation (FIK) with the support of the host nation’s kendo federation.[42] The European championship is held every year, except in those years in which there is a world championship.[43] Kendo is also one of the martial arts in the World Combat Games.

Advancement [ edit ]
Grades [ edit ]
Technical achievement in kendo is measured by advancement in grade, rank or level. The kyū (級) and dan (段) grading system, created in 1883,[44] is used to indicate one’s proficiency in kendo. The dan levels are from first-dan (初段, sho-dan) to tenth-dan (十段, jū-dan). There are usually six grades below first-dan, known as kyu. The kyu numbering is in reverse order, with first kyu (一級, ikkyū) being the grade immediately below first dan, and sixth kyu (六級, rokkyū) being the lowest grade. There are no visible differences in dress between kendo grades; those below dan-level may dress the same as those above dan-level.[45]
In Japan, kyu ranks are generally held by children. The exam for 1st kyu (ikkyū) is often their first exam and grade. Adults generally will do their 1st dan (shodan) as their first exam.[citation needed] In most other countries outside of Japan, kendoka go through every kyu rank before being eligible for dan ranks.

Eighth-dan (八段, hachi-dan) is the highest dan grade attainable through a test of physical kendo skills. In the AJKF, the grades of ninth-dan (九段, kyū-dan) and tenth dan (十段 (jū-dan)) are no longer awarded, but ninth-dan kendōka are still active in Japanese kendo. International Kendo Federation (FIK) grading rules allow national kendo organisations to establish a special committee to consider awarding these grades. Only five now-deceased kendōka were ever admitted to the rank of 10th-dan following the establishment in 1952 of the All Japan Kendo Federation. These five kendōka, all of whom were students of Naitō Takaharu at the Budo Senmon Gakko,[46] are:

Ogawa Kinnosuke 小川金之助 (1884-1962)- awarded 1957

Moriji Mochida (aka Mochida Moriji) 持田盛二 (1885-1974)- awarded 1957

Nakano Sousuke 中野宗助 (1885-1963)- awarded 1957

Saimura Gorou 斎村五郎 (1887-1969)- awarded 1957

Ooasa Yuuji 大麻勇次 (1887-1974)- awarded 1962

All examination candidates face a panel of examiners. A larger, more qualified panel is usually assembled to assess the higher dan grades. Kendo examinations typically consist of jitsugi, a demonstration of the skill of the applicants, Nihon Kendo Kata, and a written exam. The eighth-dan kendo exam is extremely difficult, with a reported pass rate of less than 1 percent.[47]
Requirements for dan grade examination within FIK affiliated organisations Grade Requirement Age requirement 1-dan 1-kyū At least 13 years old 2-dan At least 1 year of training after receiving 1-dan 3-dan At least 2 years of training after receiving 2-dan 4-dan At least 3 years of training after receiving 3-dan 5-dan At least 4 years of training after receiving 4-dan 6-dan At least 5 years of training after receiving 5-dan 7-dan At least 6 years of training after receiving 6-dan 8-dan At least 10 years of training after receiving 7-dan At least 46 years old

Titles [ edit ]
Titles (称号, shōgō) can be earned in addition to the above dan grades by kendōka of a defined dan grade. These are renshi (錬士), kyōshi (教士), and hanshi (範士). The title is affixed to the front of the dan grade when said, for example renshi roku-dan (錬士六段). The qualifications for each title are below.

Title Required grade Conditions renshi ( 錬士 ) 6-dan After receiving 6-dan, one must wait 1 or more years, pass screening by the kendo organization, receive a recommendation from the regional organization president then pass an exam on kendo theory. kyōshi ( 教士 ) renshi 7-dan After receiving 7-dan, one must wait 2 or more years, pass screening by the kendo organization, and receive a recommendation from the regional organization president, then pass an exam on kendo theory. hanshi ( 範士 ) kyōshi 8-dan After receiving 8-dan, one must wait 8 or more years, pass screening by the kendo organization, receive a recommendation from the regional organization president and the national kendo organization president, then pass an exam on kendo theory.

Kata [ edit ]
Kata are fixed patterns that teach kendōka the basic elements of swordsmanship. The kata include fundamental techniques of attacking and counter-attacking, and have useful practical application in general kendo. There are ten Nihon Kendō Kata (日本剣道形). These are generally practiced with wooden swords (木刀, bokutō or bokken). Occasionally, real swords or swords with a blunt edge, called kata-yō (形用) or ha-biki (刃引), may be used for display of kata.[48]
All are performed by two people: the uchidachi (打太刀), the teacher, and shidachi (仕太刀), the student. The uchidachi makes the first move or attack in each kata. As this is a teaching role, the uchidachi is always the losing side, thus allowing the shidachi to learn and to gain confidence.[48]
Kata one to seven are performed with both partners using a normal length wooden sword. Kata eight to ten are performed with uchidachi using a normal length weapon and shidachi using a shorter one (kodachi).[48]
The forms of the Nihon Kendō Kata (日本剣道形) were finalized in 1933 based on the Dai nihon Teikoku Kendo Kata, composed in 1912.[49] It is impossible to link the individual forms of Dai nihon Teikoku Kendo Kata to their original influences, although the genealogical reference diagram does indicate the masters of the various committees involved, and it is possible from this to determine the influences and origins of Kendo and the Kata.[50]
In 2003, the All Japan Kendo Federation introduced Bokutō Ni Yoru Kendō Kihon-waza Keiko-hō (木刀による剣道基本技稽古法), a set of basic exercises using a bokuto. This form of practice is intended primarily for kendōka up to second dan (二段, ni-dan), but is very useful for all kendo students who are organized under FIK.[48]
Kata can also be treated as competitions where players are judged upon their performance and technique.[51][52]
National and international organizations [ edit ]
Many national and regional organizations manage and promote kendo activities outside Japan. The major organizing body is the International Kendo Federation (FIK). The FIK is a non-governmental international federation of national and regional kendo organisations. An aim of the FIK is to provide a link between Japan and the international kendo community and to promote and popularize kendo, iaido and jodo. The FIK was established in 1970 with 17 national federations. The number of affiliated and recognized organizations has increased over the years to 57 (as of May 2015).[53] The FIK is recognized by SportAccord as a ‘Full Member’.[54] and by the World Anti-Doping Agency.[55]
Other organizations that promote the study of Japanese martial arts, including kendo, are the Dai Nippon Butoku Kai (DNBK) and the International Martial Arts Federation (IMAF). The current DNBK has no connection to the pre-war organization, although it shares the same goals. The International Martial Arts Federation (IMAF) was established in Kyoto in 1952 and is dedicated to the promotion and development of the martial arts worldwide, including kendo.[22]
See also [ edit ]

Shidokan Kendo & Iaido Club

How to Prepare your Shinai Before Use

We have compiled this tutorial videos in order to guide you better, we hope you find them useful. Maintenance & Assemble

(Info thanks to the Halifax Kendo Club)

New shinais have sharp edges that can splinter easily, so before you use your new shinai you need to prepare its slats. They are usually quite dry and should be oiled. First, disassemble your shinai, and remove the Leather handle (Tsuka-Gawa). Look at the edges of the bamboo slat. You’ll notice that they come to a sharp edge. These must be sanded down so that they form a rounded edge on both sides of all four slats. When new, shinai slats have sharp edges, After sanding them, they should be rounded.

The angled edges in a new shinai are the surfaces that will either break

and loosen up or cause other fibers to splinter off from impact.

Sand all the angled edges inside and out. Provides protection from splinter damage caused by angled edges of a new shinai. Next, you must oil your shinai; any light oil will do. There are two methods I will show. One is for a new, dry shinai and the the other can be considerd a “maintenance” oiling. 1.Untreated Shinai. Lay the slats out on a towel, with the inside of the slat facing up. Pour oil into each of the grooves on each of the slats and let it sit for a few hours. Add more oil as it is absorbed by the bamboo and continue this for about three days. 2.Maintenance Oiling. Pour some oil onto a cloth (be generous) and rub it onto the slats of the shinai. You do not need to disassemble the shinai for this. Wipe off the excess when done. This should be done at least once or twice a month, depending on how dry the shinai is.

How to Sand your Shinai Shinai Care and Maintenance

Splinters and cracks are (unfortunately) going to occur on the slats of your shinai. While the shinai slats are strong, they are not indestructable. But, with proper care and maintenance, they can last quite some time. However the important aspect of shinai maintenance is not shinai life-span, but the safety of your fellow kendoka. A broken or splintered shinai slat is very dangerous, and under no circumstances should they be used. Here is a quick guide on how to repair and maintain your shinai against cracks and splinters. Some of the tools you’ll need for shinai repair are : A Utility Knife. (optional)

Sand Paper, 150 grit.

A File. (optional)

A small wood saw. (Only needed for more “serious” repairs, i.e., “Frankenstein-shinai”) Examine your shinai carefully before, after, and even during your practice. Making this a habit will help you detect splinters. Remove the string (Tsuru) (you can leave the leather bits attached to it on) and then pull off the leather handle (Tsuka-gawa). You may have to twist this as you pull it to loosen it. While still holding the shinai together with your hand, use a pen or marker to label the different slats on the shinai: Top, Left, Bottom, and Right or whatever labels you want to use. We’ll use these labels to put the shinai back together in the proper order later. IT MAKES A DIFFERENCE! So be sure not to skip this step. Gently pry the shinai slats apart. They are held in place by a small square piece of metal in the handle, shown below. DO NOT LOSE THIS PIECE OF METAL! If it stays in one of the slats, leave it there. If it comes out completely, set it aside in a safe place. Now, take the damaged slat and locate the splinter. Optional: use a utility knife to cut away any large splinters from the bamboo. Be careful! Bamboo cuts VERY easily (aswell as your fingers!) so take care not to cut deeply with the knife or you’ll end up making a large gouge in your shinai. A file or sand paper will do the same job as a knife, they just require a bit more elbow grease. Use your file or sandpaper to remove any splits / splinters. Be sure to sand 5cm (2″) above and below the damaged area using a long, smooth motion. Voila! Your slat is as good as new! Now, re-assemble your shinai using the labels you marked earlier. Be sure you squeeze the slats firmly onto the metal square. Make sure they are in the proper order. Then pull the Tsuka-gawa back onto the shinai firmly, making sure it goes all the way on.

So you have finished reading the how to put tsuba on shinai topic article, if you find this article useful, please share it. Thank you very much. See more: leather tsuba, shinai parts, shinai tsuba, shinai sword, kendo stick, e-bogu, kendo tsuba, how to make a shinai

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