Top 9 How To Reset Long Term Fuel Trim 16869 Votes This Answer

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This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge the system.In general, it takes anywhere from five to 20 seconds for LTFT to change, and since it’s stored in memory when the engine is switched off, that same LTFT value is used next time the system goes into closed-loop operation.Any time you’re tuning VE or MAF, you should force open loop and disable the open loop STFT. After that, flash the file, start the engine and reset the trims.

To perform a PCM reset…
  1. Bring car up to normal operating temp.
  2. Turn ignition off.
  3. Remove ECM main fuse.
  4. Turn ignition to “on”, do not start.
  5. Wait for system check to complete, numerous errors will be detected.
  6. Turn ignition off.
  7. Replace fuse.
  8. Turn ignition to “on” and wait for system check.

How do you reset long fuel trim?

This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge the system.

How long does it take for long-term fuel trim to adjust?

In general, it takes anywhere from five to 20 seconds for LTFT to change, and since it’s stored in memory when the engine is switched off, that same LTFT value is used next time the system goes into closed-loop operation.

When should I reset fuel trims?

Any time you’re tuning VE or MAF, you should force open loop and disable the open loop STFT. After that, flash the file, start the engine and reset the trims.

Do you want to reset learned fuel trim values?

Registered. In most systems the fuel “trims” are the learned adjustments the ECM makes to get the fuel mixture from where it is, to where the map wants it to be. These are learned values that change over time. Yes, it’s a good idea to clear them whenever you load a new map.

What causes high Ltft at idle?

The LTFT on a cold engine at idle starts at +1.6. As the engine warms to operating temperature the LTFT creeps up to 21.9 at idle. This seems to go up in line with the intake air temperature. On hotter days the LTFT creeps up further to +25 on a hot engine.

What is normal long term fuel trim?

Long-term fuel trim values

Ideally, long-term fuel trims should be at, or close to 0% when the engine is running at a steady speed. However, while changes to the engine speed will (and must) produce changes in the long-term fuel trim value, this value should return to a point close to 0% when the engine speed steadies.

What causes rich fuel trim?

Rich. Running rich means that there is too much gas in the air-fuel mixture. This can happen for a variety of reasons, but in a normally functioning system, the ECU will tell it to cut back on the fuel flow to compensate.

How do I reset my long term fuel trim HP tuner?

while you’re logging, open the vcm controls, hit reset fuel trims. your LTFT’s will go to zero as soon as you do it.

How do you test fuel trim?

To test a rich response, you can feed some propane vapor from a small propane tank into the throttle body or a vacuum hose connection on the intake manifold. This time, you should see a drop in fuel trim readings, with STFT going NEGATIVE, and LTFT creeping downward in response to the rich fuel mixture.

How do you reset a map sensor?

Check the MAF sensor and clean it out with dry air. Then put it on and disconnect the battery for 12 minutes and hook it up. This will clear the computer to want to relearn itself. Then drive the vehicle and see what happens.

How do I fix code P0170?

To resolve the DTC error code P0170, it is crucial to check all Bank 1 components and sensors likely to malfunction and get damaged. Replacing fuses, connectors, and vacuum pumps might solve the problem in the short term.


Short Term fuel Trim Long Term fuel Trim fully explain | P0170 | P0172 | The Car Doctor Pakistan
Short Term fuel Trim Long Term fuel Trim fully explain | P0170 | P0172 | The Car Doctor Pakistan


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Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).

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  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT). Updating It is extremely important to reset your Long Term Fuel Trim (LTFT) after any work that could possibly affect the engine fuel and ignition system. This incudes,
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Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).
Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).

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Fuel trim: How it works and how to make it work for you | 2015-02-11 | Auto Service Professional

  • Article author: www.autoserviceprofessional.com
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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Fuel trim: How it works and how to make it work for you | 2015-02-11 | Auto Service Professional Updating …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Fuel trim: How it works and how to make it work for you | 2015-02-11 | Auto Service Professional Updating When diagnosing a check-engine light or drivability issue, you can learn a lot by looking at fuel trim data on a scan tool. Fuel trim can be affected by just about anything between the air filter and the muffler, including sensors, injectors, ignition, EGR, the engine’s mechanical condition and even the crankcase ventilation system. Fuel trim numbers alone won’t provide a complete diagnosis, but if you know what to look for, those numbers can lead you in the right direction.auto service, professional, technician, mechanic, tools, auto parts
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Fuel trim: How it works and how to make it work for you | 2015-02-11 | Auto Service Professional

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When should you reset fuel trims?

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    I’m asking under what circumstances do you want to reset trims so you get an accurate result to changes? And conversely when do you want to leave them?
    For example, when working on improving idle by changing VE cells, I would think you need to reset every time you make a change and to not take into account log sessions where trims werent reset.
    No doubt the answer to my question involves a lot of situations so perhaps responders could tell us about the most common operation that
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 When should you reset fuel trims?
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How To Reset Long Term Fuel Trim – Thisisguernsey.com

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about How To Reset Long Term Fuel Trim – Thisisguernsey.com This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge the system. What … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for How To Reset Long Term Fuel Trim – Thisisguernsey.com This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge the system. What … Ideally, long-term fuel trims should be at, or close to 0% when the engine is running at a steady speed. However, while changes to the engine speed will (and
  • Table of Contents:

How long does it take for long term fuel trim to reset

How do you reset fuel trim

What causes high long term fuel trims

What should my long term fuel trim be

Do you want to reset learned fuel trim values

Can fuel trim cause misfire

What causes negative fuel trim at idle

What does Ltft B2 mean

What should an O2 sensor read at idle

Is Ltft bad

What causes a rich condition

What voltage should O2 sensors read

What is the difference between short term and long term fuel trim

How is P0171 diagnosed

What causes a car to run rich

What is adaptive fuel trim

What is fuel trim bank1

What causes short term fuel trim

How do fuel trims work

How do you clean fuel injectors

What does SHrtFT1 mean

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How To Reset Long Term Fuel Trim - Thisisguernsey.com
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Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT). This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT). This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge … It is extremely important to reset your Long Term Fuel Trim (LTFT) after any work that could possibly affect the engine fuel and ignition system. This incudes,
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Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).
Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).

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How to reset long term fuel trims?

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about How to reset long term fuel trims? Reset: Perform a PCM reset or disconnect the battery for a while. This is the only way to reset the long term trims. The E38 will retain LTFT’s … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for How to reset long term fuel trims? Reset: Perform a PCM reset or disconnect the battery for a while. This is the only way to reset the long term trims. The E38 will retain LTFT’s … reset, long, disconnected, guarantee, time, body, minimum, disconnect, perform, trims, term, fuel, ltfts, lame, battery, disconnectingE38 ECM, Pontiac G8 GT

    How do I find and reset the long term fuel trims?
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How to reset long term fuel trims

 How to reset long term fuel trims?
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Page Not Found – GM-Trucks.com

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Page Not Found – GM-Trucks.com Unhook the battery, both cables. Let it sit for a bit, then take the two cables and touch the ends together. That should help reset the trims. …
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Page Not Found - GM-Trucks.com
Page Not Found – GM-Trucks.com

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Long term fuel trim reset | DiscoWeb

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about Long term fuel trim reset | DiscoWeb The other day I got a SES light with codes P0174 and P0150. Using Torque I could see that both short and long term fuel trims for bank 2 … …
  • Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Long term fuel trim reset | DiscoWeb The other day I got a SES light with codes P0174 and P0150. Using Torque I could see that both short and long term fuel trims for bank 2 … The other day I got a SES light with codes P0174 and P0150. Using Torque I could see that both short and long term fuel trims for bank 2 were way out of…
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Long term fuel trim reset | DiscoWeb
Long term fuel trim reset | DiscoWeb

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How to reset long term fuel trim – LifeStory

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  • Summary of article content: Articles about How to reset long term fuel trim – LifeStory Will disconnecting battery reset fuel trims? … In general, it takes anywhere from five to 20 seconds for LTFT to change, and since it’s stored in memory … …
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Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).

Post by Brucebo » 08 Jun 2009, 14:46

It is extremely important to reset your Long Term Fuel Trim (LTFT) after any work that could possibly affect the engine fuel and ignition system. This incudes, but is not necessarily limited to:

Oxygen Sensor

MAF Sensor

MAP Sensor

IAT Sensor

Coolant Temp Sensor

Throttle

TPS Sensor

IAC Valve

Any Vacuum Line

Fuel Pump

Fuel Injectors

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Purge Valve

Cannister Shutoff Valve

Spark Plugs

This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge the system. Note, the code “Erase” button on scanners does not reset the LTFT, at least not on my S70. Not reseting the fuel trims provides for a small chance that your adaptive fuel map could fail to converge and/or become unstable.

Bare with me, this article somewhat technical.

The fuel map is a two dimensional table of values, sort of like an Excel spreadsheet, for how much fuel to squirt, based on engine RPM and load value. It consists of the “base fuel map” (BFM) which is hard coded into the ECM, and the adaptive LTFT. In addition there is the Short Term Fuel Trim (STFT). This is a dynamic real time variable fed back to the ECM by the Oxygen Sensor(s).

The BFM is unchanging and is based on the automotive engineer’s, or aftermarket upgrader’s best estimate of what the fuel map should be, given nominal engine design, fuel, and sensor calibration. Added to the BFM is the LTFT, which adjusts for sensor drift, engine wear, fuel, etc. The LTFT is basically a long term running average of the STFT. If the BFM was perfectly adjusted, and unless something is broken it is usually pretty close, the LTFT would be zero everywhere in the table. It SHOULD be fairly small values everywhere in the table. Once the LTFT is fully adapted, the STFT should swing about zero.

The fuel map needs to be a “smooth” or “continuous” function. By this I mean that small changes in engine operating conditions should produce only small or no change in the fuel map value. For example, all else being the same, for a fuel map value at 2000 RPM, you DON”T what the map value at 2001 RPM to be something completely different! This would wreak havoc on your engine.

Here’s where the necessity of reseting the LTFT comes in. If you have a bad sensor, or a loose vacuum line, etc. Your Oxygen sensor will send back large adjustment values of STFT. These will slowly get added to the LTFT and it will adapt. Here’s the rub. Not all the values in the LTFT will adapt at the same rate. A value will only get adapted when you’re driving in that region of the fuel map (combination of RPM and load). Most drivers are creatures of habit and rarely cover their whole fuel map in any reasonable period of time. Your fuel map will start to diverge, become discontinuous and, especially during Wide Open Throttle (WOT) when there is no feedback from the O2S, you will experience surges and hesitations as you swing through the fuel map. Even during non-WOT your O2S feedback takes at lease 1/2 to 1 second to respond so you may still experience surges and hesitations.

Now let’s say you go and fix your mechanical problem but don’t reset your LTFT. These fuel map discontinuities are still there! They MAY adapt back over time, but this could take awhile, and in the mean time you will still experience surges and hesitations. But worse things may happen. The fuel map adapting ability is really only reliable for “SMALL” corrections. In electronics it’s call “small signal analysis”. If the adaptive algorithms are presented with LARGE correction imputes, it is entirely possible that the adaption may diverge and/or become unstable through positive feedback. Let me give a somewhat contrived example. Let’s say at 2000 RPM the LTFT is +18% and at 2050 RPM the LTFT is -18%. The engine hits 2000 and gets some more fuel and revs to 2050. The O2S reads “rich” and sends a negative correction, but since there is some time delay it sends the negative correction to the entry for 2050 and the LTFT goes to -20%. In the meantime as the engine hits 2050 it now gets less fuel and goes back to 2000, the O2S reads “lean” and the process happens in reverse, and so on … . And the owner is pulling his hair out looking for “vacuum leaks”, or replacing “bad” sensors when all they really needed to do was unhook the battery for a few minutes.

-Bruce

Fuel Trim: How It Works and How to Make It Work For You

Jacques Gordon has worked in the automotive industry for 40 years as a service technician, lab technician, trainer and technical writer. His began his writing career writing service manuals at Chilton Book Co. He currently holds ASE Master Technician and L1 certifications and has participated in ASE test writing workshops.

When diagnosing a check-engine light or drivability issue, you can learn a lot by looking at fuel trim data on a scan tool. Fuel trim can be affected by just about anything between the air filter and the muffler, including sensors, injectors, ignition, EGR, the engine’s mechanical condition and even the crankcase ventilation system. Fuel trim numbers alone won’t provide a complete diagnosis, but if you know what to look for, those numbers can lead you in the right direction.

Global OBD-II fuel trim reporting was standardized for all manufacturers in 2005 and later models equipped with a CAN bus control system. That’s what we’ll focus on here, but the same basic principles apply to all model years.

What is fuel trim?

The amount of fuel required to operate an engine correctly depends upon the amount of air flowing into the combustion chambers. Since the driver controls airflow (load) with the accelerator pedal, the powertrain control module (PCM) can only control fuel. It uses sensors to measure or calculate airflow, consults an air/fuel ratio map in its permanent memory, then chooses the correct injector pulse width to match that airflow. That pre-programmed injector pulse will provide exactly one gram of fuel for each 14.64 grams of air (a stoichiometric air/fuel ratio), but the PCM almost always adjusts injector pulse width to provide more or less fuel than specified in the map. That adjustment is “fuel trim.”

There are two types of fuel trim, long-term and short-term, and the numbers are displayed on the scan tool as a percentage of fuel added to or subtracted from the pre-programmed fuel quantity.

Volkswagen calls fuel trim “oxygen sensor adaptation,” and Ford classifies fuel trim as a “continuous monitor” that runs when the fuel control system is in closed loop operation. This shows us that fuel trim is an ongoing calculation based on data reported by the oxygen sensor. Extra oxygen in the exhaust indicates a lean air/fuel mixture, so the PCM increases injector pulse width to add more fuel (positive fuel trim). Too little oxygen in the exhaust indicates a rich mixture, causing the PCM to reduce injector pulse width (negative fuel trim).

The formula for fuel trim calculation is:

Fuel mass = Air mass x (short-term fuel trim x long-term fuel trim) divided by (equivalence ratio x 14.64)

Understanding these terms and their relationship will help you understand how to use fuel trim data shown on a scan tool.

Equivalence ratio

This is the desired air/fuel ratio, a command issued by the PCM. Greater than 1.0 is the command for a rich air/fuel ratio, and less than 1.0 is a command for a lean mixture.

Under steady-state conditions, this command constantly rises and falls to alternate between rich and lean mixture for proper catalyst operation. Many scan tools will display and graph this number in Global OBD-II.

Short-term fuel trim (STFT)

During normal closed-loop operation, the PCM uses short-term fuel trim (STFT) calculations to constantly command the air/fuel ratio slightly rich and then slightly lean. This is necessary for the catalytic converter to do its job correctly, and the average of the rich/lean swings will be in or near the middle of the oxygen sensor’s signal range. You can see this by displaying graphs of equivalence ratio, the oxygen sensor and STFT on a scan tool.

At idle the graphs will mirror or “chase” each other: they won’t have the same shape, but as one rises, the others will follow or fall.

Long-term fuel trim (LTFT)

As the engine ages and the cylinders don’t seal evenly anymore, the short-term fuel trim may trend high or low most of the time. The PCM has the ability to learn this trend and store it in memory, and it will use that number in the fuel trim calculation to compensate for the changes causing the trend. That’s long-term fuel trim (LTFT). Since fuel trim is an ongoing calculation, keeping one factor in the calculation constant makes it possible to return STFT to its normal range, enabling a faster and more accurate reaction to bigger changes in operating conditions, such as acceleration.

In general, it takes anywhere from five to 20 seconds for LTFT to change, and since it’s stored in memory when the engine is switched off, that same LTFT value is used next time the system goes into closed-loop operation.

These three variables in the fuel calculation — STFT, LTFT and equivalence ratio — are all generated by the PCM. The only other variable, air mass, is measured with a sensor.

To understand how the variables influence fuel trim, consider this: When the system is in open loop, there is no fuel trim because the PCM holds the three controlled variables at 1.0. The only variable that affects fuel requirement is airflow, and the calculation looks like this:

Fuel mass = Air mass x (1 x 1) divided by (1 x 14.64)

Some people think of LTFT as a coarse adjustment and STFT as fine adjustment. A more technical definition would be additive and multiplicative. Additive fuel trim calculations (STFT) won’t change much with engine speed or load. For example, a vacuum leak would produce an additive calculation because the effects of that leak increase very little with increasing engine speed. Multiplicative fuel trim calculations (LTFT) are greater as engine speed or load increases because, for example, the effect of a partially clogged injector increases as speed and load increase.

[PAGEBREAK]

What’s normal, what isn’t?

When looking at fuel trim on a scan tool, it should be checked for at least 30 seconds at three different engine speeds: idle, 1,500 rpm and 2,500 rpm. If you make a scan tool recording while driving the vehicle, you can see how fuel trims change under changing loads.

When everything is stable and working correctly, fuel trim numbers should be no greater than 10%, and total fuel trim should be no more than 10% when the numbers are added together. For example, if LTFT is 4% and STFT is 4%, the total is 8%: that’s acceptable.

If LTFT is 12% and STFT is negative 6%, total fuel trim is 6%. This shows that the PCM has enough control to keep the catalyst working correctly, but the high LTFT number shows it’s compensating for something. On an older engine, LTFT is typically a bit higher as the PCM compensates for normal wear.

If fuel trim is significantly greater than 10% positive or negative, the PCM is compensating for more than just normal wear-and-tear. Whether it’s an older engine with a simple oxygen sensor or a newer model with a wide-band air/fuel ratio sensor, LTFT will continue to shift as needed to keep the STFT swings in the correct range.

LTFT can shift surprisingly far, but when it reaches plus or minus 25%, the MIL will be illuminated and a code will be set. Fault codes specific to fuel trim are:

P0170: fuel trim bank 1

P0171: system too lean (bank 1)

P0172: system too rich (bank 1)

P0173: fuel trim bank 2

P0174: system too lean (bank 2)

P0175: system too rich (bank 2)

By the time LTFT gets to 25%, there will be other codes, too.

But if LTFT is below that limit with or without other codes, you can still gain a lot of information from the scan tool before connecting additional test equipment to confirm your diagnosis.

Why are the fuel trim numbers high?

If LTFT or total fuel trim is greater than plus 10%, the PCM thinks the air/fuel ratio is too lean and it’s adding fuel to bring STFT control to the correct range. This presents three possibilities:

Unmeasured air is reaching the combustion chambers.

Less than the commanded amount of fuel is reaching the combustion chambers.

One or more sensors is reporting incorrectly.

When thinking about what would cause each of these conditions, the first thing to consider is how the PCM determines airflow. If the engine uses a mass airflow sensor (MAF), high fuel trims at idle are a classic symptom of a vacuum leak, especially if LTFT decreases at higher engine speeds.

Since the amount of air flowing through the vacuum leak doesn’t increase, the leak has less affect on air/fuel ratio at higher speeds and loads, so LTFT will come down as engine speed goes up. When you look for vacuum leaks, don’t forget the various “calibrated vacuum leaks” like crankcase ventilation, the evaporative emissions (EVAP) purge valve and, if equipped, air-shrouded injectors.

A dirty or faulty MAF sensor can also cause positive fuel trim numbers because it “under-reports” airflow, driving the base air/fuel calculation lean.

On engines that use a manifold absolute pressure (MAP) sensor to determine airflow, a vacuum leak does not affect fuel trim because the extra air (pressure) in the manifold is still measured by the MAP sensor.

Low fuel delivery will cause an increase in LTFT as the PCM tries to compensate for extra oxygen in the exhaust stream. Remember, the PCM doesn’t measure fuel flow; it only knows injector pulse width and assumes fuel delivery is correct as commanded. Is equivalence ratio changing, too? If you add propane and see LTFT and equivalence ratio numbers come down, there probably is a fuel delivery problem. If there’s no change, an oxygen sensor may be faulty or shorted to ground. Don’t forget to check this at different speeds and loads, because fuel flow problems often don’t show up at idle.

If the engine has two cylinder banks (even some four-cylinder engines are split into two banks), compare the readings to see if the problem affects both banks.

The PCM consults all oxygen sensors in the system when calculating fuel trim. Normally the rear (post catalyst) sensor voltage will be fairly stable near the middle of its range, but LTFT will likely increase if that sensor reading is low (remember, low is lean).

A catalyst code will influence both short- and long-term fuel trims. An exhaust leak after the catalyst will probably only affect the rear oxygen sensor.

[PAGEBREAK]

Why are the numbers low?

If LTFT or total fuel trim is more than 10% negative, the PCM thinks the air/fuel ratio is too rich, so it is leaning out the mixture calculation to return STFT control to the correct range. This presents three possibilities:

Not enough air is reaching the combustion chambers.

More than the commanded amount of fuel is reaching the combustion chambers.

One or more sensors is reporting incorrectly.

One thing that restricts airflow into the cylinders is a damaged catalytic converter that causes high exhaust back pressure. At idle this can drive fuel trims in opposite directions, producing a positive STFT and negative LTFT. You can see signs of high exhaust back pressure on a scan tool; calculated load will be low at wide-open throttle (WOT) and fuel trims will trend negative as engine speed increases.

The most obvious source of excess fuel is a leaking injector, especially at idle. In this case, STFT will be low but increase with engine speed as the extra fuel represents less of the total fuel requirement. Excessive crankcase vapors or a flooded EVAP canister can also mimic excess fuel, especially at idle. If the oil hasn’t been changed in a long time, especially in an older engine with a bit of blow-by, fuel in the oil can drive total fuel trim negative. Often simply changing the oil will demonstrate this condition by returning the fuel trim numbers to normal.

In a speed/density system, the PCM will substitute a pre-programmed value for a faulty barometric sensor. If the vehicle is more than a few hundred feet above sea level, this will show up as negative LTFT numbers.

Confirming the repair

There are two ways to use fuel trim to confirm a repair. One is to make sure total fuel trim is within 10% and then go for a test drive. Long-term fuel trim should almost immediately begin returning to normal.

It may take a few miles and/or cold-starts, but it’s a good way to watch the PCM learn the “new normal.”

A faster way is to clear the codes and, along with them, the PCM’s adaptive memory. When you start the engine with all the fuel trims at zero, watch the short-term fuel trim.

When the system goes into closed loop, STFT should stay within 10%, and as the engine warms up, total fuel trim will stay within 10% at all speeds and loads. If STFT quickly starts swinging into double digits, there’s still something wrong.

To learn more about how fuel trim is affected by various problems and conditions, connect your scan tool to a known-good vehicle and create some problems: introduce vacuum leaks, unplug an injector, disconnect a sensor, add propane: See how the PCM compensates with substitute values and fuel trim adjustments. Note the different reactions in MAF systems versus MAP systems.

On multi-bank engines, note how problems on one bank can affect fuel trim on the other, or not.

Like everything else in diagnostics, there’s nothing like first-hand experience with known-bad and known-good vehicles.

Once you have a feel for what fuel trim is supposed to look like under specific conditions, it will become one of the fastest and most useful diagnostic tools in your tool box.

Author’s note: Thanks to Snap-on Diagnostics for their assistance in preparing this article. ●

Importance of Reseting Fuel Trim (LTFT).

Post by Brucebo » 08 Jun 2009, 14:46

It is extremely important to reset your Long Term Fuel Trim (LTFT) after any work that could possibly affect the engine fuel and ignition system. This incudes, but is not necessarily limited to:

Oxygen Sensor

MAF Sensor

MAP Sensor

IAT Sensor

Coolant Temp Sensor

Throttle

TPS Sensor

IAC Valve

Any Vacuum Line

Fuel Pump

Fuel Injectors

Fuel Pressure Regulator

Purge Valve

Cannister Shutoff Valve

Spark Plugs

This is done by disconnecting the battery, waiting for 10 minutes or so, and/or turning the ignition key to the starter position to discharge the system. Note, the code “Erase” button on scanners does not reset the LTFT, at least not on my S70. Not reseting the fuel trims provides for a small chance that your adaptive fuel map could fail to converge and/or become unstable.

Bare with me, this article somewhat technical.

The fuel map is a two dimensional table of values, sort of like an Excel spreadsheet, for how much fuel to squirt, based on engine RPM and load value. It consists of the “base fuel map” (BFM) which is hard coded into the ECM, and the adaptive LTFT. In addition there is the Short Term Fuel Trim (STFT). This is a dynamic real time variable fed back to the ECM by the Oxygen Sensor(s).

The BFM is unchanging and is based on the automotive engineer’s, or aftermarket upgrader’s best estimate of what the fuel map should be, given nominal engine design, fuel, and sensor calibration. Added to the BFM is the LTFT, which adjusts for sensor drift, engine wear, fuel, etc. The LTFT is basically a long term running average of the STFT. If the BFM was perfectly adjusted, and unless something is broken it is usually pretty close, the LTFT would be zero everywhere in the table. It SHOULD be fairly small values everywhere in the table. Once the LTFT is fully adapted, the STFT should swing about zero.

The fuel map needs to be a “smooth” or “continuous” function. By this I mean that small changes in engine operating conditions should produce only small or no change in the fuel map value. For example, all else being the same, for a fuel map value at 2000 RPM, you DON”T what the map value at 2001 RPM to be something completely different! This would wreak havoc on your engine.

Here’s where the necessity of reseting the LTFT comes in. If you have a bad sensor, or a loose vacuum line, etc. Your Oxygen sensor will send back large adjustment values of STFT. These will slowly get added to the LTFT and it will adapt. Here’s the rub. Not all the values in the LTFT will adapt at the same rate. A value will only get adapted when you’re driving in that region of the fuel map (combination of RPM and load). Most drivers are creatures of habit and rarely cover their whole fuel map in any reasonable period of time. Your fuel map will start to diverge, become discontinuous and, especially during Wide Open Throttle (WOT) when there is no feedback from the O2S, you will experience surges and hesitations as you swing through the fuel map. Even during non-WOT your O2S feedback takes at lease 1/2 to 1 second to respond so you may still experience surges and hesitations.

Now let’s say you go and fix your mechanical problem but don’t reset your LTFT. These fuel map discontinuities are still there! They MAY adapt back over time, but this could take awhile, and in the mean time you will still experience surges and hesitations. But worse things may happen. The fuel map adapting ability is really only reliable for “SMALL” corrections. In electronics it’s call “small signal analysis”. If the adaptive algorithms are presented with LARGE correction imputes, it is entirely possible that the adaption may diverge and/or become unstable through positive feedback. Let me give a somewhat contrived example. Let’s say at 2000 RPM the LTFT is +18% and at 2050 RPM the LTFT is -18%. The engine hits 2000 and gets some more fuel and revs to 2050. The O2S reads “rich” and sends a negative correction, but since there is some time delay it sends the negative correction to the entry for 2050 and the LTFT goes to -20%. In the meantime as the engine hits 2050 it now gets less fuel and goes back to 2000, the O2S reads “lean” and the process happens in reverse, and so on … . And the owner is pulling his hair out looking for “vacuum leaks”, or replacing “bad” sensors when all they really needed to do was unhook the battery for a few minutes.

-Bruce

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