Dream Of Having A Seizure? The 117 New Answer

A good night’s sleep helps our brain recover from the events of the day so we can function well the next day. For some people with epilepsy, a lack of sleep can make seizures more common, for others, nighttime seizures can make them feel tired during the day.

Is there a link between epilepsy and sleep?

The connections between epilepsy and sleep are very complex. During sleep, the brain is active, processing information that helps us learn. Brain activity changes during different stages of sleep.

Different stages of sleep

Sleep occurs in an alternating pattern and is divided into two different, alternating categories of sleep types.

Non-Rapid Eye Movement (NREM), light and deep sleep divided into phases

REM (Rapid Eye Movement) sleep.

Sleep without rapid eye movements

Light sleep

Stage One – During this first stage of NREM sleep, our muscles begin to relax, we are half awake and half asleep and can be easily aroused.

Phase Two – During this second phase, our heart rate and breathing slow down and some people with epilepsy may be more likely to experience seizures as we move from this phase into the third phase, deep sleep.

deep sleep

Stage three is deep sleep (sometimes called slow wave sleep). Our breathing and heart rate slow down, and our brain begins to produce “delta waves,” a type of brain wave associated with deep sleep. Delta waves increase when sleep deepens and it is difficult to wake up. When we are awakened at this stage, we are often confused. Sleepwalking and night terrors are more likely to occur during deep sleep than light sleep.

Scientists believe that NREM sleep is important for strengthening the connections between our brain cells and stabilizing long-term memory. Deep sleep also helps the brain recover from the day’s events so it can function well the next day.

Sleep with rapid eye movements

The next phase of deep sleep is when we dream the most. During REM sleep, the brain tries to organize the information we’ve received throughout the day.

The purpose of REM sleep and dreaming is unclear. However, some theories suggest that it may be important to understand our thoughts, ideas, and experiences, and the emotions and memories associated with them.

Lack of sleep can affect our memories and judgment. It can also affect our mood and how well our immune system works.

Is there a link between seizures and sleep?

Some people have specific triggers for their seizures, such as lack of sleep. In some types of epilepsy, seizures can occur upon waking and within the next few hours. People with epilepsy may have an irregular sleep pattern, as seizures at any time of the night can disrupt sleep, and seizures during the day can disrupt the next night’s sleep. For some people, the effects of a seizure can disrupt their sleep patterns for several days afterwards.

Do antiepileptic drugs affect sleep?

Like all medications, antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can cause side effects in some people. AEDs can have different effects on sleep, and this can vary from person to person depending on the dose. Some AEDs are classified as tranquilizers and can cause fatigue. Some can cause insomnia or trouble sleeping. However, some AEDs can help improve sleep quality by increasing the duration of deep sleep.

Seizures beginning during sleep

Some people with epilepsy have “sleep attacks” (sometimes called “nocturnal seizures”), which occur when they are asleep, falling asleep, or waking up. Frontal lobe epilepsy is a type of epilepsy in which seizures can commonly occur during both NREM sleep and waking states. Frontal lobe seizures often occur in “clusters” (many occur close together in time) but are usually brief. These include sudden jerky movements, strange postures or movements of the arms or legs, loud yelling or yelling, and tumbling around while you sleep.

sleep disorders

Some sleep disorders are called “parasomnias”: unusual events related to sleep. These may include confused behavior during sleep, sleepwalking, or night terrors (where a person suddenly awakens from sleep in panic or fear). This can happen when some parts of the brain are awake and others are asleep. Some parasomnias involve unusual movements or sounds. Sometimes it can be difficult to tell if someone is having seizures or if what is happening to them is part of a parasomnia. It may be helpful to keep a record or video of what is happening during the event to help with diagnosis. Seizures often follow a similar pattern when they occur, and it can be obvious when a seizure begins and when it ends. However, parasomnias do not necessarily follow a pattern and often have no clear ending. Some symptoms of narcolepsy (a rare condition that causes an uncontrollable urge to fall asleep at any time of the day) are sometimes confused with epilepsy. For example, some people with narcolepsy develop cataplexy, a loss of muscle tone that often affects the jaw, neck, and limbs. Symptoms can also include slurred speech or blurred vision, and some people may collapse. A cataplexy episode can be triggered by emotions such as laughter, anger, or surprise.

epilepsy and sleep disorders

Some people with epilepsy also have sleep disorders that are unrelated to their epilepsy, and some conditions can be confused with epilepsy. Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), in which a person snores and then stops breathing for brief periods during sleep, may be more common in people with epilepsy. It is sometimes caused by low muscle tone around the airways. This can occur as a result of weight gain, which can be a side effect of some AEDs. In addition to sleep disturbances, obstructive sleep apnea can trigger seizures in some people. If you snore and are told you’re stopping breathing while you sleep, your GP may order a simple, painless test to monitor the level of oxygen in your blood overnight to help diagnose obstructive sleep apnea. Visit sleep-apnoea-trust.org for more information and a list of NHS sleep clinics in the UK.

Tips for good sleep

There are some simple things you can do to help you get a good night’s sleep.

• If you usually have a hot drink before bed, try a milky drink rather than one that contains caffeine (research suggests that reducing caffeine up to six hours before bedtime can improve sleep quality).

• Try not to eat meals or drink alcohol late at night.

• Try to get up at the same time every day and set a regular bedtime.

• Try to reduce distractions and avoid disturbances during the night by keeping mobile devices, such as phones and tablets, out of the bedroom.

• Try to relax before bedtime and avoid watching television or using a computer just before bedtime.

• Create a quiet environment by keeping your room at a comfortable temperature and as dark as possible.

• Make sure your bed is comfortable and that your pillow gives you adequate support.

• If you nap during the day, try to limit it to 15 minutes or less. This can help maintain a regular sleep pattern throughout the night.

If you have trouble sleeping, your GP or specialist can refer you to a specialist sleep clinic.

The Epilepsy Society thanks Dr. Hugh Selsick, Royal London Hospital for Integrated Medicine, for his comments on this information.

Information created: June 2019

Identifying the warning signs of a seizure

Although they can be frightening to watch, most seizures resolve on their own and cause minimal concern. The problem is that people can sometimes injure themselves or develop medical emergencies during a seizure. For certain types of seizures, there are warning signs that a seizure is imminent. If you or your loved one are prone to seizures, recognizing the warning signs of a seizure can help you better manage the situation.

Prodrome (early warning signs)

People with generalized seizures, also known as tonic-clonic seizures, may experience the following symptoms a few hours or days before an attack. They are mostly emotional signals:

mood swings

inability to concentrate

Increased restlessness and irritability

depression

drowsiness

headache

sleep disorders

Aura (Late Warning Signs)

People with partial seizures may have the following signs seconds or minutes before the actual seizure:

Unusual smells, tastes, sounds or sensations

nausea

A feeling of déjà vu (feeling like you are experiencing something that happened before)

Intense fear and panic

Tingling in certain parts of your body

Jerky movements of the arm, leg, or body

weakness and fall to the ground

Identify the warning signs that will help you get to a safe place and let someone know something is going on. It’s a good idea to keep a seizure diary to keep track of what signs and symptoms are occurring in your case. You must pay particular attention to changes that may be due to a change in medication and inform your doctor.

Bystanders are generally advised to allow the seizure and to observe the 3Cs – remain calm, cover the subject’s head with a pillow to avoid injury, and call an ambulance if the seizure lasts longer than 5 minutes.

North Suffolk Neurology is a full-service neurology, headache and sleep medicine practice comprised of dedicated, experienced staff dedicated to helping our patients and their families maintain and improve their health. To schedule an appointment, please call: (631) 364-9119.

overview

Absence seizures are short, sudden disturbances in consciousness. They are more common in children than in adults.

Someone having an absence seizure may appear for a few seconds as if he or she is staring blankly into space. Then there is a quick return to a normal level of alertness. These types of seizures do not usually result in physical injury.

Absence seizures can usually be controlled with anti-seizure medications. Some children who have them also develop other seizures. Many children outgrow absence seizures in their teens.

symptoms

An indication of a simple absence seizure is a blank stare, which can be mistaken for an inattention that lasts about 10 seconds, although it can last up to 20 seconds with no confusion, headache, or drowsiness thereafter. Signs and symptoms of absence seizures include:

Suddenly stopping in motion without falling

smacking

eyelid flutters

chewing movements

fingers rubbing

Small movements of both hands

After that, there is no memory of the incident. Some people have many episodes daily that interfere with school or daily activities.

A child may have absence seizures for some time before an adult notices the seizures because they are so brief. A decrease in a child’s ability to learn can be the first sign of this disorder. Teachers may comment on a child’s inability to pay attention or that a child daydreams often.

When to the doctor

Contact your doctor:

The first time you notice a seizure

If it is a new type of seizure

If the seizures continue despite taking anticonvulsants

Call 911 or emergency services in your area:

If you observe prolonged automatic behaviors that last minutes to hours — activities like eating or unconscious movements — or persistent confusion, these are possible symptoms of a condition called absentee status epilepticus

After any seizure lasting more than five minutes

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causes

Many children appear to be genetically predisposed to absent-mindedness.

Generally, seizures are caused by abnormal electrical impulses from nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. The brain’s nerve cells normally send electrical and chemical signals across the synapses that connect them.

In people who have seizures, the normal electrical activity of the brain is altered. During an absence seizure, these electrical signals repeat themselves over and over in a three-second pattern.

People who have seizures may also have altered levels of the chemical messengers that help nerve cells communicate with each other (neurotransmitters).

risk factors

Certain factors are common to children with absenteeism, including:

Age. Absence seizures are more common in children between the ages of 4 and 14.

Absence seizures are more common in children between the ages of 4 and 14. Gender. Absence seizures are more common in girls.

Absence seizures are more common in girls. Family members who have seizures. Almost half of children with absence seizures have a close relative who has seizures.

complications

While most children outgrow absence seizures, some:

Must take anticonvulsants for life to prevent seizures

Eventually you have complete convulsions, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizures

Other complications can include:

Seizures can occur when you are awake or asleep. Sometimes they can be triggered by something, e.g. B. if you feel very tired.

Some seizures cause the body to jerk and tremble (a “seizure”), while others cause problems such as loss of consciousness or unusual sensations. They usually pass in a few seconds or minutes.

Seizures can affect people in different ways, depending on which part of the brain is affected.

The main symptom of epilepsy is repeated seizures. These are sudden bursts of electrical activity in the brain that temporarily affect how it works.

types of seizures

Simple partial (focal) seizures or “auras”

A simple partial seizure can cause:

a general strange feeling that is difficult to describe

a “rising” feeling in your stomach – like the feeling in your stomach on an amusement ride

a feeling that things have happened before (déjà vu)

unusual smells or tastes

Tingling in arms and legs

an intense feeling of fear or joy

Stiffness or twitching in a part of your body, such as B. an arm or a hand

You remain awake and aware while this is happening.

These seizures are sometimes called “alerts” or “auras” because they can be a sign that another type of seizure is about to happen.

Complex partial (focal) seizures

During a complex partial seizure, you lose consciousness and do random body movements, such as:

smack your lips

Rub your hands

make random noises

move your arms around

tugging at clothes or fiddling with objects

chew or swallow

You won’t be able to answer anyone during the seizure and you won’t remember it.

Tonic-clonic seizures

A tonic-clonic seizure, formerly called a “grand mal,” is what most people think of as a typical epileptic seizure.

They occur in 2 phases – an initial “tonic” phase, followed shortly by a second “clonic” phase:

Tonic stage – you lose consciousness, your body becomes stiff and you may fall to the floor. You may have difficulty breathing

The seizure usually stops after a few minutes, but some last longer. Afterwards, you may have a headache or have trouble remembering what happened, and you may feel tired or confused.

absences

In an absence, formerly called “petit mal”, you lose awareness of your surroundings for a short time. They mainly affect children but can occur at any age.

During an absence seizure, a person may:

stare into emptiness

look like they’re “daydreaming”

her eyes flutter

make slight jerky movements of their body or limbs

The seizures usually only last up to 15 seconds and you won’t be able to remember them. They can occur several times a day.

myoclonic seizures

During a myoclonic seizure, part or all of your body suddenly twitches or jerks, as if you have received an electric shock. They often appear shortly after waking up.

Myoclonic seizures usually last only a fraction of a second, but sometimes several can occur within a short period of time. You usually stay awake during this time.

clonic seizures

Clonic seizures cause the body to shake and twitch like a tonic-clonic seizure, but you don’t get stiff at first.

They usually last a few minutes and you can lose consciousness.

Tonic seizures

Tonic seizures cause all of your muscles to suddenly become stiff, as in the first stage of a tonic-clonic seizure.

This can mean losing your balance and falling over.

Atonic seizures

Atonic seizures cause all of your muscles to suddenly relax, possibly causing you to fall to the floor.

They are usually very short and you can usually get up straight away.

Status epilepticus

Status epilepticus is the term for any seizure that lasts a long time, or a series of seizures in which the person does not regain consciousness in between.

It is a medical emergency and needs to be treated as soon as possible.

You can be trained in treatment if you are caring for someone with epilepsy. If you haven’t had a workout, call 999 for an ambulance right away if anyone has a seizure that hasn’t stopped after 5 minutes.

Can Anxiety Cause Seizures? In some cases maybe. And seizures can also lead to anxiety. We’ll explore why and what you can do to manage both. Share on Pinterest Thomas Barwick/Getty Images Anxiety is a human response to stress, expectation, or trauma. For some people, anxiety becomes overwhelming and disruptive in everyday life. Anxiety disorders are among the most commonly diagnosed mental illnesses in the United States. Doctors have been trying to figure out the link between anxiety and seizures for years. Although research continues, it is now clear that this connection is strong. However, the connection between them appears to be complex. Anxiety can lead to seizures in some cases, and seizures can lead to anxiety.

Anxiety and Seizures Here’s what we know about how seizures and anxiety are related. How Can Seizures Cause Anxiety? It’s natural to feel anxious after a seizure or when a doctor has just diagnosed you with epilepsy. As with many chronic illnesses and traumatic events, seizures can be unsettling and some people find them frightening. Seizure symptoms that may worry some people include: palpitations

Sweat

hyperventilation

Loss of Motor Control Knowing that a seizure can occur without warning can make you feel anxious in social or public situations. This element of surprise can seriously affect your mental well-being. Unfortunately, the stigma surrounding epilepsy and seizures is also very real and can add to your anxiety. Researchers have found that the brain regions and mechanisms involved in seizures overlap with those critical to anxiety. How can stress and anxiety cause a seizure? If you have seizures, you may find that they occur more frequently during particularly stressful times. Because measuring stress and anxiety can be subjective and vague, there’s no clear evidence that stress and anxiety directly cause seizures. However, according to research into people’s experiences with seizures, stress and anxiety can trigger seizures, and current research often underestimates the role they can play. Lack of sleep is a common trigger for seizures, and this can often happen in people who are under overwhelming stress. For this reason, health experts recommend sticking to a strict sleep schedule as a technique to treat seizures. However, anxiety can affect sleep quality and duration. Even people with well-treated epilepsy can experience a seizure as a result of severe sleep deprivation. Research shows that differences in the brain’s response to elevated levels of the hormone cortisol during moments of high anxiety may also help explain why stress causes seizures in some people. Cortisol is a hormone that your body produces more when you are suffering from stress and anxiety.

What are Pseudoseicures (PNES)? Scientists and healthcare professionals typically classify seizures into one of two categories: epileptic and non-epileptic. The difference between the two lies in their causes. Psychogenic non-epileptic seizures (PNES), or dissociative seizures, used to be called pseudoseizure seizures. They are usually triggered by a particularly emotional or stressful event, or by chronic underlying psychological distress. Divorce, the death of a loved one, and sexual abuse are examples of events commonly associated with PNES. PNES and anxiety are closely intertwined as a seizure can be a response to trauma. According to the Epilepsy Foundation, about half of people with PNES are living with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). During a PNES you may experience: uncontrolled movements

shaking his head

Loss and regaining of consciousness

memory lapses

Tremble

dizziness or lightheadedness

Palpitations PNES is more likely to happen if you are: a woman

have a history of physical, sexual, or emotional trauma

have an anxiety disorder, depression, or personality disorder Four out of five people with PNES have had a psychiatric disorder at some point in their lives. What is the difference between PNES and panic attacks? The symptoms of both events are similar. However, PNES is less likely to involve the severe feelings of panic and anxiety that accompany panic attacks. Panic attacks and PNES are easily confused. Even medical professionals sometimes confuse one with the other. In fact, there seems to be a close relationship between the two. According to a 2018 analysis of studies, 17% to 83% of people with PNES also experience panic attacks. What distinguishes epileptic seizures from PNES? An epileptic seizure occurs as a result of changes in electrical signaling in the brain. Typically, your brain has regular rhythmic patterns of electrical signals. But when you have an epileptic seizure, these patterns are suddenly disrupted. Instead of firing in the typical pattern, your neurons fire in sync with large bursts of electrical activity. On the other hand, non-epileptic seizures like PNES are not the result of a disturbance in brain activity. Usually another physiological problem or acute psychological stress is the cause.

Can fear cause epilepsy? Stress is one of the most commonly cited seizure triggers in people with epilepsy. A 2017 review of studies suggests that higher levels of stress and anxiety are associated with a greater likelihood of epileptic seizures. The same review also notes that reducing stress levels can significantly improve outcomes for people with epilepsy, suggesting a close relationship between stress and epilepsy. But whether fear can alter brain function enough to directly cause epilepsy remains to be seen. The evidence so far is inconclusive. A 2015 study found that 5 in 1,000 people with epilepsy would have seizures after a highly distressing life event, such as the death of a family member.

Diagnosis To give you the most accurate diagnosis, a doctor needs to do a full medical evaluation and hear from people who have seen your seizures. Due to the overlap of symptoms, PNES is often misdiagnosed as epileptic seizures or sometimes as panic attacks. Brain scans such as computed tomography (CT) or magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) are an effective way to diagnose epilepsy. These brain imaging tests allow neurologists to look for a possible physical cause of the seizures, such as: B. a tumor or malformed blood vessels. However, for PNES, these types of scans are generally not helpful. A video electroencephalogram (EEG) is most useful in determining a PNES diagnosis. This type of scan records your movement and activity while also tracking your brainwaves. The goal of a video EEG is to determine if your seizures are actually due to electrical activity in your brain. People with epilepsy are more likely to have recurrent, shorter seizures and respond well to antiseizure drugs.

How to prevent anxiety-induced seizures For people with PNES, identifying the root cause or initial trigger of the seizures is particularly important for successful treatment. It’s a good idea to address any underlying psychiatric conditions you may have. Treating these can reduce or even eliminate your seizures. Treatment for anxiety-induced epileptic and non-epileptic seizures may include: Psychotherapy. About 50% of people with PNES show improvement after 3 months of therapy. Types include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and long-term therapy, which is a type of CBT.

About 50% of people with PNES show improvement after 3 months of therapy. Types include cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) and long-term therapy, which is a type of CBT. mindfulness Practicing mindfulness can help improve the quality of life for people with drug-resistant epilepsy.

Practicing mindfulness can help improve the quality of life for people with drug-resistant epilepsy. Medication. Many medications have been shown to significantly reduce both anxiety and seizures. These include: Anticonvulsants Antidepressants (SSRIs and SNRIs) Benzodiazepines

Many medications have been shown to significantly reduce both anxiety and seizures. These include: While benzodiazepines are effective in treating anxiety and seizures, they come with some risks. If you take them, you may have a high chance of experiencing dependence and withdrawal. We recommend exercising caution when considering medication. Before taking anything, it’s a good idea to talk to your doctor about the benefits, risks, and whether it’s right for you.

Years ago, a group of teenage girls in a high school in upstate New York experienced an outbreak of what appeared to be seizures.

Her doctors never found a cause for the tics, seizures, and other symptoms, eventually concluding that they were spreading among the girls in what neurologists call “conversion disorder.” For the past 10 years there have been similar outbreaks in teenage girls here in North Carolina and Virginia.

These unexplained symptoms can be alarming to parents and the public, but it turns out there are all sorts of neurological episodes in children and adolescents that are commonly confused with seizures and are often just as difficult to explain.

About seizures

Neurologists define seizures as abnormal and excessive electrical signals in the brain. But beyond that, much of what causes seizures remains a mystery. And it’s often difficult to distinguish between a seizure and one of the many disorders that are often mistaken for one.

In both cases, parents are almost always afraid of their child’s inexplicable behavior.

types of seizures

There are 3 broad categories of epileptic seizures.

The most severe seizures, once known as “grand mal seizures” and now known as generalized tonic-clonic seizures, usually begin with a limb stiffness. The child may lose bladder and bowel control and then lose consciousness. Generally, the seizure lasts 2 or 3 minutes. The child regains consciousness and often falls asleep. In rare cases, a seizure lasts longer than half an hour and can be life-threatening.

, usually begin with limb stiffness. The child may lose bladder and bowel control and then lose consciousness. Generally, the seizure lasts 2 or 3 minutes. The child regains consciousness and often falls asleep. In rare cases, a seizure lasts longer than half an hour and can be life-threatening. Partial seizures, the second category, are less obvious. Depending on which part of the brain is affected by the abnormal electrical signals, symptoms can include impaired responsiveness, abnormal movements, a spinning sensation, confusion, and loss of consciousness.

, the second category, are less obvious. Depending on which part of the brain is affected by the abnormal electrical signals, symptoms can include impaired responsiveness, abnormal movements, a spinning sensation, confusion, and loss of consciousness. Absence seizures, the third category, often go unnoticed. A child may stop speaking mid-sentence and stare into space. Moments later, the child picks up what was said where it left off. When the seizure is over, the child will continue talking as if nothing happened. A child can have dozens of absence seizures a day. Eventually, a parent or, in many cases, a teacher notices, and the child is referred to a neurologist.

The episodes, which are often mistaken for seizures, can include fainting, staring, uncontrollable movements, and other unusual behaviors. Most of these diseases are harmless.

fainting disorders

Fainting disorders can be scary for parents. Fainting often occurs when a child is upset and crying. The child appears to be holding his breath and then faints.

The child often turns blue or very pale and sweats profusely. His limbs may stiffen, as if he has a cramp. After a few moments, the child regains consciousness, but may soon fall asleep from exhaustion.

An epileptic seizure typically begins with a stiffening of the limbs; a fainting spell begins with flaccidity. Other differences are even more subtle. After a seizure, children are usually confused and seem to be looking through their parents rather than at them.

Children are generally not as confused after a fainting spell. Instead, her parents report that they could “see the light” in their child’s eyes.

stare

Staring and daydreaming are sometimes mistaken for an absence habit. A child appears to be staring into space and initially does not respond to its name. This child is likely just concentrating or thinking about a different place or time. The situation is different in the case of an absence seizure. Generally, a blank stare occurs when a child is talking, eating, or playing, and when it’s over, the child resumes what he was just doing.

movement disorders

Movement disorders such as Tourette syndrome or other uncontrolled tics are sometimes confused with partial seizures. People with Tourette syndrome may grunt, clear their throat, or even swear involuntarily.

Tics can include repetitive and brief movements, such as blinking, head jerking, and grimacing, which often come on suddenly, worsen over time, and then resolve on their own.

Children with movement disorders do not lose consciousness and are usually aware that they are moving or speaking in a way they cannot control. Newborns often twitch their bodies in a so-called “startle reflex”.

Children and adults may experience involuntary muscle contractions while falling asleep. These are all movement disorders, not seizures.

Confused migraines

Confused migraines, a rare form of migraine headache, can be mistaken for a partial seizure. The headache can cause confusion and leave the teen with speech problems. Another, even rarer, migraine called Alice in Wonderland migraine makes objects appear larger or smaller than they are and actions slow down or speed up.

Night Terror

Night terrors are common in children under the age of 5. The child wakes up screaming, with a fast heart rate and wild eyes. His mother can reach into the cradle to comfort him. “I want mom,” the child cries, not recognizing his own mother. Usually these resolve on their own.

All of these disorders describe behavior that can be alarming and strange. And most require diagnosis by a neurologist trained to listen and understand the subtle differences between an epileptic seizure and one of these other neurological episodes.

Many people with epilepsy say that sleep deprivation, increased alcohol consumption, and menstrual changes lead to an increase in seizure frequency. You probably already knew that. What you might want to know is why. The reason for this is that all these situations change the excitability of your brain. Your brain is very sensitive to these changes, and if the deviation from normal is large enough, you can start having a seizure.

Emotional stress can also lead to seizures. Emotional stress is usually related to a situation or event that is personally significant to you. It can be a situation where you feel a loss of control. In particular, the type of emotional distress that leads to most seizures is worry or anxiety. One study found that anxiety — another term for worry and anxiety — led to hyperventilation (overbreathing) and an increase in abnormal brain activity and seizures in some patients. Other emotions that have been linked to stress and seizures are frustration and anger. Sometimes stress is a “big” event, but more often than not, people report an accumulation of daily problems or stress.

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that predisposes an affected person to sudden recurrent seizures or seizures. It occurs due to a temporary disruption in brain function where groups of nerve cells present in the brain give off abnormal and excessive firing signals. Affected people will experience strange sensations and emotions or behave in unusual ways. You may experience extreme muscle spasms or lose consciousness.

Not all seizures are due to epilepsy. Seizures can be due to a variety of other factors. Some of these are abnormal blood sugar or sodium levels, brain infections, and brain injuries. In many cases, the underlying cause is not known.

Seizures in children are very common compared to adults. Seizures in infants may not be very distinctive and difficult to diagnose. Older children are prone to different types of seizures such as tonic-clonic, absence seizures, myoclonic, or partial seizures. Epilepsy is different for every child and requires an accurate diagnosis. Seizures respond well to antiepileptic drugs, and many children can lead normal and active lives. It is still unknown why a developing brain is more prone to seizures than an adult brain.

Epilepsy can occur due to many factors, and in about half of people with this neurological disorder, the exact cause remains unclear. Epilepsy can develop because of a disruption in the normal connections between the neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain, where some cells either overstimulate or prevent other cells from transmitting messages, or it can be a combination of these factors.

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Some of the known causes of epilepsy are –

head injury

Hereditary

gene mutations

meningitis

brain defects

tumor

Stroke

Treatment for epilepsy includes the following options:

antiepileptics

epilepsy surgery

focal resection

Corpus callosotomy surgery

hemispherectomy

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)

Epilepsy and sleep disorders go hand in hand. Seizures and sleep disturbances affect each other drastically; therefore both should be properly balanced.

epilepsy and sleep apnea

Sleep apnea is a common problem in which a person experiences one or more pauses in breathing, or shallow breaths, during sleep. Sleep apnea is a long-term disorder that disrupts normal sleep patterns. This leads to poor sleep quality that makes a person tired throughout the day and also leads to daytime sleepiness.

Inadequate sleep is an important cause of seizures in epileptic individuals. Insufficient sleep can lead to seizures and epileptiform discharges. Certain antiepileptic drugs can disrupt normal sleep and cause daytime sleepiness. Epilepsy disrupts normal sleep patterns, and sleep deprivation makes epilepsy worse.

epilepsy and obstructive sleep apnea

In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the throat muscles temporarily lose tone, relax, and block the upper airway during sleep. OSA is predominantly observed in men; People who are overweight, smokers and those in the age group of 40 years and older. The rate of obstructive sleep apnea in epilepsy patients was 10% in adults and 20% in children. Untreated OSA worsens epileptic seizures. Epilepsy and OSA often coexist, and treating OSA in epileptics can reduce seizure frequency and daytime sleepiness. Treating epilepsy can also improve OSA symptoms. Sometimes nocturnal seizures can be misdiagnosed as a sleep disorder.

Epilepsy and Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), recently renamed Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED), is a neurological disorder that causes abnormal sensation in the legs. It causes burning and itching in the legs, especially when the person is relaxed or at night when going to sleep. Moving the legs reduces the discomfort. Restless Legs Syndrome can cause daytime sleepiness, short temper, and loss of concentration; All of these factors can cause seizures in an epileptic person. The difference between RLS and epilepsy is that RLS can be controlled at will, but an epileptic seizure cannot be stopped.

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sleep paralysis and epilepsy

Sleep paralysis is a temporary paralysis of the body that occurs immediately after waking up and right after sleeping; the person feels conscious but cannot move. It usually lasts 10 minutes or can last up to half an hour. Sleep paralysis is a harmless condition but is associated with some medical conditions, such as seizure disorders, mental health, narcolepsy, and high blood pressure. Certain sleep-related disorders can be misdiagnosed as sleep paralysis, which may require medical attention. Such conditions may be epileptic in nature (i.e. partial seizures). Partial seizures occur when this electrical activity is restricted to a specific area of ​​a cerebral hemisphere of the brain.

How do antiepileptic drugs affect sleep?

Many epileptics take antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) to control their seizures. AEDs are able to alter sleep architecture and the sleep-wake cycle. Patients who have been prescribed polytherapy are prone to excessive daytime sleepiness. Daytime sedation and somnolence (sleepiness) are common side effects of AEDs. The anti-epileptic drugs that cause sleep-related problems are –

Antiepileptic drugs Sleep-related problems Ethosuximide Night terrors and sleep disorders Gabapentin, phenytoin, rufinamide Insomnia (inability to sleep) Lamotrigine Insomnia, sleep disorders Topiramate Sleep disorders Pregabalin Strange dreams, insomnia Phenobarbitone Daytime sleepiness Carbamazepine Sleep disorders

How does sleep deprivation affect epilepsy?

Inadequate sleep is an important cause of seizures in epileptic individuals. Epilepsy disrupts normal sleep patterns, and sleep deprivation makes epilepsy worse. Insufficient sleep increases daytime sleepiness, epileptic seizures, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), and memory impairment. If sleep disturbances and worsening seizures continue to be ignored, it can lead to intractable epilepsy in some patients. Treating a sleep-related disorder can control seizures and also prevent daytime sleepiness.

Vagus or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for sleep and wakefulness

Vagus nerve stimulation is a procedure in which a device is implanted to stimulate the vagus nerve with electrical impulses. Vagus nerve stimulation is used to control epileptic seizures when AEDs are not effective and surgery is not recommended. It can be seen that by using this device, there is an improvement in daytime alertness and sleep architecture. It reduces nocturnal rapid eye movement (REM sleep) and increases awakenings, NREM-1 stage sleep, and post-sleep onset awakenings.

Epilepsy symptoms can be controlled with just a few lifestyle changes; how to get enough sleep, see your doctor for sleep disorders, and get the right treatment.

We all know that good sleep quality is important for a healthy and active lifestyle. Here are some tips for a good night’s sleep.

Regular training

A healthy balanced diet

overview

Temporal lobe seizures begin in the temporal lobes of your brain, which process emotions and are important for short-term memory. Some symptoms of a temporal lobe seizure may be related to these functions, including strange feelings — like euphoria, deja vu, or anxiety.

Temporal lobe seizures are sometimes referred to as partial-onset seizures. Some people are aware of what is happening, but with more intense seizures, you may look awake but not respond. Your lips and hands can make pointless, repetitive movements.

Temporal lobe seizures can result from an anatomical defect or scar in your temporal lobe, but the cause is often unknown. Temporal lobe seizures are treated with medication. For some people who don’t respond to medication, surgery may be an option.

symptoms

An unusual sensation (aura) may precede a temporal lobe seizure and serve as a warning. Not everyone who has temporal lobe seizures has auras, and not everyone who has auras remembers them.

The aura is actually the first part of a focal seizure before consciousness is impaired. Examples of auras are:

A sudden feeling of unprovoked fear or joy

A déjà vu experience – a feeling that what is happening has happened before

A sudden or strange smell or taste

A rising sensation in the abdomen, similar to that of riding a roller coaster

Sometimes temporal lobe seizures affect your ability to respond to others. This type of temporal lobe seizure usually lasts 30 seconds to two minutes. Characteristic signs and symptoms include:

Loss of awareness of the surroundings

stare

smacking

Repeated swallowing or chewing

Unusual finger movements, such as plucking movements

After a temporal lobe seizure, you may have:

A time of confusion and difficulty speaking

Inability to remember what happened during the seizure

ignorance of having had an attack

Extreme sleepiness

What begins as a seizure in the temporal lobe develops in extreme cases into a generalized tonic-clonic (grand mal) seizure – with convulsions and loss of consciousness.

When to the doctor

Get medical help right away if any of the following happen:

The seizure lasts more than five minutes.

Breathing or consciousness does not return after the seizure stops.

A second seizure follows immediately.

Recovery is not complete after the seizure is over.

Recovery is slower than usual after the attack is over.

You have a high fever.

You have heat exhaustion.

You’re pregnant.

you have diabetes

You injured yourself during the seizure.

If you are having a seizure for the first time, seek medical advice.

Seek medical advice in these cases:

If you think you or your child are having seizures

If the number or severity of seizures increases significantly without explanation

If new signs or symptoms of seizures appear

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causes

Brain lobes Open pop-up dialog Close Brain lobes Brain lobes Each side of your brain contains four lobes. The frontal lobe is important for cognitive function and the control of voluntary movement or activity. The parietal lobe processes information about temperature, taste, touch, and movement, while the occipital lobe is primarily responsible for vision. The temporal lobe processes memories and integrates them with taste, sound, sight, and touch.

Often the cause of temporal lobe seizures remains unknown. However, they can be the result of a number of factors, including:

traumatic brain injury

Infections such as encephalitis or meningitis, or a history of such infections

A process that causes scarring (gliosis) in a part of the temporal lobe called the hippocampus

Malformations of the blood vessels in the brain

Stroke

brain tumors

Genetic Syndromes

During normal waking and sleeping, your brain cells produce different electrical activities. When electrical activity in many brain cells becomes abnormally synchronized, convulsions, or seizures, can occur.

When this happens in just one area of ​​the brain, a focal seizure occurs. A temporal lobe seizure is a focal seizure that originates in one of the temporal lobes.

complications

Over time, repeated temporal lobe seizures can cause the part of the brain responsible for learning and memory (the hippocampus) to shrink. The loss of brain cells in this area can cause memory problems.

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Epilepsy and sleep have been the subject of many studies proving conclusively that the two are linked in various ways. However, one of the most debated and less studied areas is the impact of epilepsy on a person’s dreams. Many people with epilepsy have reported that their dream content is much more vivid and emotional after being diagnosed.

For an example of this, see Parasomnic epilepsy.

Reports are mixed, with some reporting vivid dreams that cause them fear or anxiety, while others describe dreams as pleasant. The only similarity, regardless of the content of the dreams, is that they are hyper-alive and ultra-realistic, with many commenting that it is difficult to tell the difference between their dreams and real life.

Sleep paralysis is another phenomenon commonly reported in people with epilepsy. Although not exclusive to people with epilepsy, sleep paralysis is a feeling of being fully conscious but unable to move or speak, and is often accompanied by a feeling of anxiety. In fact, sleep paralysis usually occurs twice, falling asleep or waking up, and is a state between consciousness and unconsciousness, hence the inability to move while feeling awake. While many people experience this once or twice in their lifetime, people with epilepsy tend to report it more often after diagnosis.

What could be the reason for vivid dreams in people with epilepsy?

Interestingly, in many cases, these vivid dreams have been compared to focally conscious seizures (aka warnings). This type of seizure often precedes other types of seizures. This comparison has led researchers to hypothesize that vivid dreams are caused by the same neural pathways that cause focal conscious seizures. However, this is only a hypothesis and further research would be needed to confirm it.

Another common cause of changes in sleep or dream activity can be prescribed anti-seizure medications. Some people with epilepsy have reported an increase in dream activity after changing their medication.

The research gap

Although there are many reports of vivid dreams and altered dream content, there is still much to learn about the effects of epilepsy on dream content and sleep overall. There are few studies that can definitively answer the many questions surrounding the connection between epilepsy and vivid dreams. However, according to anecdotes, it is possible that there is a probable connection.

If you have vivid dreams or other dream-related effects that you think may be related to your epilepsy, or specifically to the medications and treatment you are receiving, we recommend that you speak to your neurologist or a doctor.

What is epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that causes a person to have seizures. It is one of the most common diseases of the nervous system. It affects people of all ages, races and ethnic backgrounds.

The brain is made up of nerve cells that communicate with each other through electrical activity. A seizure occurs when one or more parts of the brain have a burst of abnormal electrical signals that disrupt normal brain signals. Anything that disrupts the normal connections between nerve cells in the brain can cause a seizure. These include a high fever, high or low blood sugar, alcohol or drug withdrawal, or a concussion. But when a person has 2 or more seizures with no known cause, it is diagnosed as epilepsy.

There are different types of seizures. The type of seizure depends on which part and how much of the brain is affected and what is happening during the seizure. The 2 main categories of epileptic seizures are focal (partial) seizures and generalized seizures.

Focal (partial) seizures

Partial seizures occur when there is abnormal electrical brain function in one or more areas on one side of the brain. Before a partial seizure, you may have an aura or signs that a seizure is imminent. This is more common with a complex partial seizure. The most common aura involves feelings of déjà vu, impending doom, fear, or euphoria. Or you have visual changes, hearing problems, or changes in your sense of smell. The 2 types of partial seizures include:

Simple focal seizure

Symptoms depend on which area of ​​the brain is affected. If the abnormal electrical brain function is in the part of the brain responsible for vision (occipital lobes), your vision may be affected. Muscles are more commonly affected. Seizure activity is confined to an isolated muscle group. For example, it may involve just the fingers or larger muscles in the arms and legs. You may also sweat, feel nauseous, or turn pale. You don’t lose consciousness with these types of seizures.

Complex partial seizure

These types of seizures often occur in the area of ​​the brain that controls emotions and memory (the temporal lobes). You will likely lose consciousness. This does not have to mean that you will pass out. Maybe you just stop being aware of what’s going on around you. They may look awake but have a number of unusual behaviors. These can range from gagging, smacking, running, screaming, crying, or laughing. You may feel tired or sleepy after the attack. This is called the postictal period.

Generalized seizure

A generalized seizure occurs on both sides of the brain. After the seizure you lose consciousness and are tired (postictal state). Types of generalized seizures include:

absence seizure

This is also called a petit mal seizure. This seizure causes a momentary altered state of consciousness and rigidity. You will likely maintain your posture. Your mouth or face may twitch, or your eyes may blink rapidly. The seizure usually lasts no longer than 30 seconds. When the seizure is over, you may not remember what just happened. You can continue with your activities as if nothing happened. These attacks can occur several times a day.

Atonic seizure

This is also known as a drop attack. With an atonic seizure, you suddenly lose muscle tone and may fall from a standing position or suddenly drop your head. During the seizure you will be limp and unresponsive.

Generalized tonic-clonic seizure (GTC)

This is also called a grand mal seizure. The classic form of this type of seizure has 5 different phases. Your body, arms, and legs will bend (contract), straighten (stretch), and tremble (tremble). This is followed by contraction and relaxation of the muscles (clonic period) and the postictal period. You may feel sleepy during the postictal period. They may have trouble seeing or speaking, and may have severe headaches, tiredness, or body aches. Not all of these phases occur in everyone with these types of seizures.

myoclonic seizure

This type of seizure causes rapid movement or sudden twitching of a muscle group. These seizures usually occur in clusters. This means that they can appear several times a day or several days in a row.

What causes a seizure?

A seizure can be caused by many things. This can include:

An imbalance in nerve-signaling brain chemicals (neurotransmitters)

brain tumor

Stroke

Brain damage from illness or injury

Epilepsy can be caused by a combination of these. In most cases, the cause of epilepsy cannot be found.

What are the symptoms of a seizure?

Your symptoms depend on the type of seizure. General symptoms or warning signs of a seizure may include:

stare

Twitching movements of the arms and legs

stiffening of the body

loss of consciousness

Difficulty breathing or stopping breathing

Loss of bowel or bladder control

Sudden fall for no apparent reason, especially combined with loss of consciousness

Does not respond to sounds or words for a short time

Appearing confused or dazed

Rhythmic head nod when accompanied by loss of consciousness or unconsciousness

Periods of rapid blinking and staring

During the attack, your lips may turn blue and your breathing may not be normal. You may feel sleepy or confused after the attack.

The symptoms of a seizure can be similar to those of other diseases. Be sure to talk to your doctor to get a diagnosis.

How are seizures diagnosed?

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. You will be asked about other factors that may have caused your seizure, such as:

drug or alcohol use

A recent head injury

High fever or infection

Genetic abnormality

You may also have:

A neurological examination

Blood tests to check for problems with blood sugar and other factors

Brain imaging studies, such as B. an MRI or CT scan

Electroencephalogram to test your brain’s electrical activity

Lumbar tap (spinal tap) to measure the pressure in the brain and spinal canal and to test the spinal fluid for infection or other problems

How are seizures treated?

The goal of treatment is to control, stop, or reduce the frequency at which seizures occur. The treatment is mostly drug-based. There are many types of medicines used to treat epilepsy. Your healthcare provider will need to identify the type of seizure you are having. Medications are chosen based on the type of seizure, the person’s age, side effects, cost, and ease of use. Medicines used at home are usually taken orally as capsules, tablets, sprinkles, or syrup. Some medicines can be given into the rectum. If you’re in the hospital with seizures, the medicine can be given by injection or intravenously through a vein (IV).

It is important to take your medicine on time and as prescribed by your doctor. People’s bodies respond to medications differently, so your schedule and dosage may need to be adjusted to achieve the best seizure control. All medications can have side effects. Talk to your doctor about possible side effects. While you are taking medicines you may need tests to see how well the medicine is working. You may have:

blood tests. You may need frequent blood tests to check the levels of medicines in your body. Based on this value, your doctor may change the dose of your medicine. You can also have blood tests to check the effects of the medicine on your other organs.

urine tests. Your urine may be tested to see how your body is reacting to the medicine.

Electroencephalogram (EEG). An EEG is a procedure that records the electrical activity of the brain. It does this by attaching electrodes to your scalp. This test is done to see how medications are helping electrical problems in your brain.

other treatments

If the drug isn’t working well enough for you, your doctor may recommend other types of treatment. You may have:

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)

This treatment sends small pulses of energy from one of the vagus nerves to the brain. This is a pair of big nerves in the neck. If you have partial seizures that aren’t well controlled with medication, VNS may be an option. VNS is performed by surgically inserting a small battery into the chest wall. Then small wires are attached to the battery and placed under the skin and around one of the vagus nerves. The battery is then programmed to send pulses of energy to the brain every few minutes. When you sense an impending seizure, you can activate the pulses by holding a small magnet over the battery. In many cases, this helps stop the seizure. VNS can have side effects such as a hoarse voice, pain in the throat, or voice changes.

surgery

Surgery may be done to remove the part of the brain where the seizures are occurring. Or the surgery will help stop the bad electrical currents from spreading through the brain. Surgery may be an option if your seizures are difficult to control and always start in a part of the brain that doesn’t affect speech, memory, or vision. The operation of epilepsy seizures is very complex. It is performed by a specialized surgical team. You may be awake during the operation. The brain itself does not feel pain. If you’re awake and able to follow directions, surgeons can better examine areas of your brain during the procedure. Surgery is not an option for everyone with seizures.

living with epilepsy

If you have epilepsy, you can manage your health. Make sure, that:

Take your medicine exactly as directed

Get enough sleep, because lack of sleep can trigger a seizure

Avoid anything that could trigger a seizure

Get tested as often as you need to

Visit your doctor regularly

When should I call my doctor?

Call your doctor if:

Your symptoms get worse or don’t improve

You have side effects from medication

Key Points About Epilepsy and Seizures

Epilepsy is a brain disorder that predisposes an affected person to sudden recurrent seizures or seizures. It occurs due to a temporary disruption in brain function where groups of nerve cells present in the brain give off abnormal and excessive firing signals. Affected people will experience strange sensations and emotions or behave in unusual ways. You may experience extreme muscle spasms or lose consciousness.

Not all seizures are due to epilepsy. Seizures can be due to a variety of other factors. Some of these are abnormal blood sugar or sodium levels, brain infections, and brain injuries. In many cases, the underlying cause is not known.

Seizures in children are very common compared to adults. Seizures in infants may not be very distinctive and difficult to diagnose. Older children are prone to different types of seizures such as tonic-clonic, absence seizures, myoclonic, or partial seizures. Epilepsy is different for every child and requires an accurate diagnosis. Seizures respond well to antiepileptic drugs, and many children can lead normal and active lives. It is still unknown why a developing brain is more prone to seizures than an adult brain.

Epilepsy can occur due to many factors, and in about half of people with this neurological disorder, the exact cause remains unclear. Epilepsy can develop because of a disruption in the normal connections between the neurons, or nerve cells, in the brain, where some cells either overstimulate or prevent other cells from transmitting messages, or it can be a combination of these factors.

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Some of the known causes of epilepsy are –

head injury

Hereditary

gene mutations

meningitis

brain defects

tumor

Stroke

Treatment for epilepsy includes the following options:

antiepileptics

epilepsy surgery

focal resection

Corpus callosotomy surgery

hemispherectomy

Vagus nerve stimulation (VNS)

Epilepsy and sleep disorders go hand in hand. Seizures and sleep disturbances affect each other drastically; therefore both should be properly balanced.

epilepsy and sleep apnea

Sleep apnea is a common problem in which a person experiences one or more pauses in breathing, or shallow breaths, during sleep. Sleep apnea is a long-term disorder that disrupts normal sleep patterns. This leads to poor sleep quality that makes a person tired throughout the day and also leads to daytime sleepiness.

Inadequate sleep is an important cause of seizures in epileptic individuals. Insufficient sleep can lead to seizures and epileptiform discharges. Certain antiepileptic drugs can disrupt normal sleep and cause daytime sleepiness. Epilepsy disrupts normal sleep patterns, and sleep deprivation makes epilepsy worse.

epilepsy and obstructive sleep apnea

In obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), the throat muscles temporarily lose tone, relax, and block the upper airway during sleep. OSA is predominantly observed in men; People who are overweight, smokers and those in the age group of 40 years and older. The rate of obstructive sleep apnea in epilepsy patients was 10% in adults and 20% in children. Untreated OSA worsens epileptic seizures. Epilepsy and OSA often coexist, and treating OSA in epileptics can reduce seizure frequency and daytime sleepiness. Treating epilepsy can also improve OSA symptoms. Sometimes nocturnal seizures can be misdiagnosed as a sleep disorder.

Epilepsy and Restless Legs Syndrome

Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS), recently renamed Willis-Ekbom Disease (WED), is a neurological disorder that causes abnormal sensation in the legs. It causes burning and itching in the legs, especially when the person is relaxed or at night when going to sleep. Moving the legs reduces the discomfort. Restless Legs Syndrome can cause daytime sleepiness, short temper, and loss of concentration; All of these factors can cause seizures in an epileptic person. The difference between RLS and epilepsy is that RLS can be controlled at will, but an epileptic seizure cannot be stopped.

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sleep paralysis and epilepsy

Sleep paralysis is a temporary paralysis of the body that occurs immediately after waking up and right after sleeping; the person feels conscious but cannot move. It usually lasts 10 minutes or can last up to half an hour. Sleep paralysis is a harmless condition but is associated with some medical conditions, such as seizure disorders, mental health, narcolepsy, and high blood pressure. Certain sleep-related disorders can be misdiagnosed as sleep paralysis, which may require medical attention. Such conditions may be epileptic in nature (i.e. partial seizures). Partial seizures occur when this electrical activity is restricted to a specific area of ​​a cerebral hemisphere of the brain.

How do antiepileptic drugs affect sleep?

Many epileptics take antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) to control their seizures. AEDs are able to alter sleep architecture and the sleep-wake cycle. Patients who have been prescribed polytherapy are prone to excessive daytime sleepiness. Daytime sedation and somnolence (sleepiness) are common side effects of AEDs. The anti-epileptic drugs that cause sleep-related problems are –

Antiepileptic drugs Sleep-related problems Ethosuximide Night terrors and sleep disorders Gabapentin, phenytoin, rufinamide Insomnia (inability to sleep) Lamotrigine Insomnia, sleep disorders Topiramate Sleep disorders Pregabalin Strange dreams, insomnia Phenobarbitone Daytime sleepiness Carbamazepine Sleep disorders

How does sleep deprivation affect epilepsy?

Inadequate sleep is an important cause of seizures in epileptic individuals. Epilepsy disrupts normal sleep patterns, and sleep deprivation makes epilepsy worse. Insufficient sleep increases daytime sleepiness, epileptic seizures, interictal epileptiform discharges (IEDs), and memory impairment. If sleep disturbances and worsening seizures continue to be ignored, it can lead to intractable epilepsy in some patients. Treating a sleep-related disorder can control seizures and also prevent daytime sleepiness.

Vagus or vagus nerve stimulation (VNS) therapy for sleep and wakefulness

Vagus nerve stimulation is a procedure in which a device is implanted to stimulate the vagus nerve with electrical impulses. Vagus nerve stimulation is used to control epileptic seizures when AEDs are not effective and surgery is not recommended. It can be seen that by using this device, there is an improvement in daytime alertness and sleep architecture. It reduces nocturnal rapid eye movement (REM sleep) and increases awakenings, NREM-1 stage sleep, and post-sleep onset awakenings.

Epilepsy symptoms can be controlled with just a few lifestyle changes; how to get enough sleep, see your doctor for sleep disorders, and get the right treatment.

We all know that good sleep quality is important for a healthy and active lifestyle. Here are some tips for a good night’s sleep.

Regular training

A healthy balanced diet