Graduation Gown White Collar? The 25 Correct Answer

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What does a white collar on a graduation gown mean?

Home / Regalia / White Collar for Graduation Gown. This small white collar adds a nice finishing touch to the graduation gown and is typically worn by female graduates when a uniform white-collar look is desired.

What is the collar on a graduation gown called?

Tassel – In most universities, before the commencement ceremony, undergraduates’ tassel are placed on the left position, and during the graduation procession students receive their degree scroll/diploma and then move their tassel to the right.

What are graduation collars?

Graduation stoles or graduation sashes are worn around your neck on graduation day, representing achievement, success, or membership. Stoles for graduation come in numerous colors and are often embellished with logos or designs to represent various achievements or affiliations.

What do different color graduation gowns mean?

The Full Gown Color Spectrum

Communications: Crimson. Education: Light Blue. Fine Arts: Brown. Medicine: Kelly Green. Music: Pink.

White Graduation Collar

What does graduating in white mean?

Kira Hawkins, Staff Writer. March 17, 2016. Something I’ve never heard of before I came to Hoover, was that senior students with a 4.0 and above receive the honor of graduating in white, leaving those who didn’t reach the achievement to walk in red.

White Graduation Collar

What do graduates wear around their neck?

A graduation or academic stole is a decorative vestment worn by students who are members of various organizations for the purpose of denoting outstanding achievements in academics. Stoles (or sashes) may also be used to indicate membership in a professional organization.

White Graduation Collar

What do 3 stripes on a graduation gown mean?

The highest level of academic achievement, the doctorate, is marked by broad velvet panels down the front of the gown, accompanied by three velvet bars on each arm, which are open and round. The doctorate allows allows the conferee to wear a velvet beret with a gold or bullion tassel.

White Graduation Collar

What do you wear under a cap and gown?

Women are best wearing either dress pants or a shorter skirt underneath the gown, while men should choose khakis or dark-colored dress pants. Avoid brightly coloured bottoms if you choose to wear dress pants or a longer skirt, as they can be seen below the hem of the gown and stick to darker colours.

White Graduation Collar

Can anyone wear a graduation stole?

A graduation stole can be worn by someone who was the leader, or an active member of, a prestigious academic organization, or even those who were part of a sorority or fraternity while in college. There are also stoles of gratitude.

White Graduation Collar

What does a red graduation gown mean?

For graduate hoods and academic regalia colors, red or shades of red are used to designate the degree or discipline of Canon Law, Communications, Conservation, Divinity, Forestry, Journalism, Music, Public Health, Sacred Theology, and Theology.

White Graduation Collar

What does a gold cord mean at graduation?

Gold: This is the most popular cord color on graduation day. It can signify Latin honors for a high GPA, National Honor Society membership, and other academic honors.

White Graduation Collar

What does a white stole mean?

At the university level, white generally indicates success in the liberal arts, but a white graduation stole can be used for any number of awards an honors.

White Graduation Collar

What are the colors for graduation?

Gold. This is one of the most popular colors for graduation cords because it contrasts so well with a black gown. It also signifies a variety of honors.

White Graduation Collar

What does a white tassel mean?

Graduate Tassels in Blue and White

A royal blue and white graduation tassel is a traditional choice that many schools and societies use to honor their graduates. Royal blue represents dedication to academic excellence, while the white represents the unique spirit of lifelong learning.

White Graduation Collar

Graduation collar

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Black Graduation Gown w/ White Collar: 50″ Length – Pinterest

“Generally, the graduation gown length falls below your knees and above … Black Graduation Gown w/ White Collar: 50” Length White Collar, Plus Fashion.

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White Graduation Collar

This white, semi-circular graduate collar is a necessary accessory to prove a scholarly look. When worn with a colored graduation gown, this collar will truly …

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White Graduation Collar

Description. White Graduation Collar Our brilliant snow White Graduation Collar is designed to brighten up any of our graduation gowns and can be used in …

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What does a white collar on a graduation gown mean?

This small white collar adds a nice “finishing touch” to the gowns of female graduates. If the male graduates are asked to wear a white …

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How to Attach a Graduation Gown Collar – LEAFtv

Occasionally, schools will require girls to attach white faux collars to their graduation gowns to preserve the uniform look, instead of trying to make all the …

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White Collar for Graduation Gown

This little white collar adds a nice finishing touch to the graduation gown and is typically worn by female graduates when a uniform office look is desired.

The collar is attached to the inside of the dress yoke with small safety pins or a basting seam.

You have to apply it to the dress yourself; Instructions are provided.

; Instructions are provided. It has no trim of its own, but is simply a crescent-shaped piece of fabric with a bias-tied edge.

The collar is 100% polyester with a shiny finish.

Academic dress

Clothing worn by students and officials at certain schools and universities to begin with

Academic dress is a traditional form of dress for academic institutions, primarily tertiary (and sometimes secondary) education, worn primarily by those who have obtained a university (or similar) degree or have a status that entitles them to do so (e.g students at certain old universities).[1] It is also known as academic dress,[2] academicians, and in the United States, academic regalia.

Today it is only seen at graduation ceremonies, but academic dress used to be worn on a daily basis and is still worn to a lesser extent at many old universities. Today, ensembles are somewhat different from each institution, and generally consist of a gown (also known as a robe) with a separate hood, and usually a cap (generally either a square academic cap, tam, or bonnet). . Academic dress is also worn as official dress by members of certain learned societies and institutions.

Overview and history[ edit ]

The academic dress found in most universities in the Commonwealth of Nations and the United States derives from that of the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, which was a development of the academic and clerical dress common in the medieval universities of Europe . This overgarment had the practical purpose of keeping a scholar warm while he sat motionless and studied.

Formal or sober attire is usually worn under the dress, so for example men often wear a dark suit with a white shirt and tie or office wear, military or civilian uniform or national dress and women wear appropriate attire. Some older universities, notably Oxford and Cambridge, have a mandatory dress code (known as a subfusc) to be worn under the gown. Although some universities are relaxed about what people wear under their clothes, it is still considered bad form to wear casual clothes or the like during graduation ceremonies, and a number of universities may ban graduating students from attending the procession or ceremony itself , when not appropriately dressed[6] (although this sometimes refers only to the requirement of wearing academic dress correctly and not what is worn underneath when not seen). In the Commonwealth, robes are worn open, while in the United States, with few exceptions, it has become common for robes to be closed in the front, as was the case with the original roba.

materials [edit]

In general, the materials used for academic dress are heavily influenced by the climate in which the academic institution is located or by the climate in which the graduate typically wears the dress (e.g. as a faculty member at another Institution). In any case, the American Council of Education (ACE) considers the comfort of the wearer and recognizes that lighter materials are used in tropical climates and heavier materials elsewhere.[7] In addition, it recognizes cotton poplin, woolen fabric, viscose or silk, depending on suitability.[8]

The materials used for academic dress vary, ranging from the extremely economical to the very expensive. In the United States, most undergraduate and graduate students are often only presented with the “souvenir” version of regalia by their institutions or authorized vendors, which are generally intended for very few wear times and are comparatively very inexpensive. For some graduate students, graduation is the only time they wear academic regalia, so they rent their robes rather than buy them. These rented (or hired)[9] dresses are often made of cheap polyester or other synthetic fibers. In the UK, hire dresses are almost always polyester, while corduroy, silk or rayon Russell dresses are only available to purchase. Usually made from cotton or a blend of cotton and polyester, undergraduate gowns are relatively inexpensive to encourage students to own them.

People who decide to purchase their dress may opt for finer fabrics such as poplin, grosgrain, percale, cotton, wool, cashmere, broadcloth, Russell cord, or laced/ribbed material. Silk comes in a number of types including rayon/rayon, ottoman (i.e. ribbed or corded silk), taffeta, satin, alpaca, real silk, weft silk, or a blend. Pure Ottoman silk is rarely used except for official robes, as it is very expensive.[10] Some dresses may be trimmed with cord, cords, buttons, or other forms of decoration.

Historically, fur has been used to line certain hoods (particularly those in Britain) ranging from rabbits to ermines. In the past, sheepskin was widely used. Most now use faux fur instead, mainly for cost and animal welfare reasons. Some robe makers use fur if the customer desires and pays for it, as some feel that the quality and feel of faux fur is not yet on par with real fur.[11]

Physician’s robes are usually made of wool flannel, panama (worsted), superfine cloth, damask, or brocade, and are lightly colored (or black but given a light color) to distinguish them from lower grades. They tend to be the most expensive because they need to be dyed a specific color and/or trimmed with colored silks. Many doctor’s coats have a special pull-off version, which increases the cost of a full set.

A full set can cost around US$360 (£180) for cheap materials up to US$5800 (£2900) for premium materials.[12] Rental dresses are usually available at cheaper prices, although the quality may be lower.[13]

Many institutions, whose attire includes gowns of varying lengths, dictate the appropriate length of each gown in relation to parts of the wearer’s body (e.g., undergraduate gowns at Cambridge are not permitted to reach the knees, while BA gowns, according to the bylaws of the university) [citation required]. Therefore, academic clothing suppliers produce dresses in many different sizes to fit individuals of different sizes.

By Country or District[ edit ]

Canada[ edit ]

Ceremonial Robe of the Principal and Chief Executive of McGill University

McGill University’s scarlet doctoral insignia dates to the early 19th century.

In Canada, academic regalia are worn by university officials, faculty, students, and guests of honor during graduation exercises (commonly referred to as convocations), installations of their chairs, and special convocations such as the inaugurations of newly endowed chairs, and inductions at some of the honor and professional societies with university associations. Academic regalia typically consist of a headgear (mortarboard, Tudor bonnet, or John Knox cap), robe, and hood. Until the 1930s, Canadian universities commonly required their professors and students to wear academic robes during classes and lectures. At the University of Trinity College, University of Toronto, academic gowns are still required for all students and faculty at Wednesday lunches, most college meetings, debates, and certain special college events.[14]

Most Canadian universities follow or adopt either the British University academic dress at Oxford or Cambridge Universities, or the Intercollegiate Code of Academic Costume ratified by most American universities in the late 1890s. Other universities incorporate elements of the British and American patterns into some or all of their academic costumes. A classic example is the academic attire of McGill University, whose British origins are evident in the regalia of its graduates. However, the distinctive ceremonial insignia of McGill University officials is closer to the American pattern for the master’s robe with above-the-elbow, square, slit sleeves. The scarlet regalia of McGill, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) can now be worn closed at the front, as opposed to the open-fronted gown of the University of Cambridge senior doctoral full dress from which it evolved. Gold tassels, used in American doctoral regalia, are wrapped around McGill’s otherwise Tudor-style bonnet or tam.

France [ edit ]

Doctors of various faculties, Paris

In France, academic dress, also called toge (from the word toga, an ancient Roman garment), is similar to the court dress worn by French judges, except for its color, which depends on the academic field in which the wearer graduated. It is rarely worn today, except by doctors at the opening of the university year or when conferring an honorary doctorate. For doctors it consists of:

A long dress (similar to a cassock) with a long row of buttons (traditionally 33, but usually fewer these days) in the front and a train in the back (not visible in the actual costume but fastened with a button). the inside of the dress). The gown comes in two colors: black and the standard color of the academic field in which the wearer graduated (see below), with simars (two vertical bands on the front of the gown).

An Epitoge (Epitoga): A piece of cloth with strips of white fur (three for doctors), fastened with a button at the left shoulder, with a rectangular, long, thin tail in front and a triangular, shorter, broad tail at the back (both tails wear the strips of fur); its color is that of the relevant academic field. The epitoga evolved from the academic hood, which explains why French academic dress does not include a hood.

(Epitoga): A piece of cloth with strips of white fur (three for doctors), fastened with a button at the left shoulder, with a rectangular, long, thin tail in front and a triangular, shorter, broad tail at the back (both tails bear the strips of fur); its color is that of the relevant academic field. The epitoga evolved from the academic hood, which explains why French academic dress does not include a hood. A long, wide belt or sash, either black or the color of the relevant academic field, ending in fringes (which may be gold or the same color as the belt) and fastened with a wide, decorative knot.

A white rabat (jabot) over which a white tie may be worn on ceremonial occasions: it is of lace for the dean of the faculty, the president of the university and some other officials, of plain cotton for others.

(Jabot), over which a white cravat may be worn on ceremonial occasions: lace for the Dean of the Faculty, the President of the University and some other officials, plain cotton for others. Traditionally for men only, a mortarboard in the color of the particular academic field with a gold stripe, not usually worn but worn (since academic dress in France is rarely worn outdoors and men should not wear hats indoors), and often even left out. Today the practice is more relaxed and the mortarboard is sometimes carried indoors by women or by men.

Basically a white bow tie (men only; rather seldom seen) and white gloves (never used today).

Professors who have served 20 years are sometimes presented with a sword (identical model to that of French police inspectors).

The colors of the various academic fields are daffodil (yellow) for literature and art, amaranth (purple) for science, redcurrant (pink) for medicine, scarlet for law, and violet (purple) for theology. Rectors, chancellors, or presidents of universities also wear specific costumes that are purple regardless of the academic direction in which they graduated.

Area of ​​Graduation Color Name Color Aspect Divinity (and all high officials regardless of area) Violet (Purple, especially the hue Royal Purple) Law (color also worn by high judges) Écarlate (Scarlet) Medical (and health-related areas) Groseille (Red Currant, a reddish shade of pink) Science (exact and experimental) Amaranth (Amaranth) Arts, Literature, Philosophy, Humanities Jonquil (Daffodil, a shade of yellow)

The dress exists in two versions: the petit costume (“small costume”) and the grand costume (“big costume”). Both are identical in form, differing only in the presence or absence of the mortarboard and the distribution of color on the dress and sash (the other elements of the dress, particularly the epitoga, are identical for both):

for the petit costume, the dress is all black except for the simarras, which are the color of the academic area; the buttons are black; the sash and its fringes moiré black; the mortarboard is not usually worn;

, the dress is all black, except for the simarras, which are the color of the academic area; the buttons are black; the sash and its fringes moiré black; the mortarboard is not usually worn; For the large costume, the dress is black between the black moiré simarras and in the color of the academic area on the sides and sleeves, except for the cuffs, which are black. the buttons have the color of the academic area; The sash is the color of the academic field, its fringes can be either the same color or gold.

For formal occasions, the large costume is equivalent to white tie, while the small suit is equivalent to black tie.

Germany [edit]

The German academic clothing usually consists of a robe and a cap. Today it is only found, if at all, on special occasions such as public processions, inaugurations of rectors and graduation ceremonies. Historically, only the rectors, deans, professors, and lecturers wore academic attire—no students or graduates. Each German university had its own system of colors and draping to denote faculty affiliation and position in the university hierarchy.

The robe of the German academic costume is called “Talar” (with an emphasis on the second “a”: talár; from Latin talare = to the ankles). It can be traced back to the everyday clothing worn by scholars in the Middle Ages. The same word robe is also used for the robes of Protestant (Lutheran) pastors and rabbis (not for judges or lawyers, their robes are called “robes”), although these robes often differ more or less in cut, length, draping and sometimes even in color (e.g. the robes of the Federal Court of Justice are quite dark red).

The professors’ robe can be described as a long black robe with wide sleeves, often with faculty-colored lapels, while deans wear an all-faculty-colored robe. Rectors typically have a showy, more elaborate cassock, e.g. B. made of velvet, colored red or with gold embroidery. At some universities, the rector also wears a chain of office and, on some occasions, a scepter.[20][21] The cap that accompanies the robe is called a beret. As with the robe, the type of cap used varies. Historically, caps made of soft materials are common in place of the square academic cap. The color of the beret matches the robe.[19]

After the German student movement, all West German universities shed their academic guise after 1967 because the students, some of whom were socialist at the time, identified them with right-wing conservative and reactionary thinking: The famous slogan “Under the gowns – musty from 1000 years” does not apply to the old traditions of the Middle Ages, but in particular to the Nazi regime and its self-proclaimed “1000-year Reich”.[22] In East Germany, a communist one-party state, robes were abolished by law around the same time. After the GDR dissolved in 1989 began, several universities, notably the University of Rostock, the University of Greifswald, the University of Jena and the University of Halle-Wittenberg, have revived lost traditions, including the robe for civil servants.Since then, some traditional universities in the western German states have followed, such as the Universität Heidelberg.[27]

Since 2005, some universities have introduced centrally organized graduation ceremonies for students of all faculties, in which academic attire is worn, notably the University of Bonn,[28] the TU Chemnitz[29] and the RWTH Aachen University (only cap and stole).[30] ] Graduate attire usually consists of a simple black gown, a square academic cap, and possibly a faculty-colored stole. At most other universities, the faculties are individually responsible for organizing graduation ceremonies. Some faculties have chosen to wear academic attire at their celebrations, e.g. B. the law faculty of the University of Marburg[31] and the economics faculty of the Goethe University Frankfurt[32]. This practice is generally understood to follow Anglo-American models rather than revive old traditions.

Indonesia[ edit ]

Common type of Indonesian academic regalia with color-coded cloak and pentagonal cap.

In Indonesia, academic regalia, also called toga, are only worn at graduation ceremonies. An Indonesian toga generally comes in three garments: a gown, a cloak or hood, and a cap with a tassel (pentagonal mortarboard/bonnet). Other items are also worn during the graduation ceremony, such as: a medallion, a leader or an academic stole.

There are four elements in Indonesian academic regalia:

Gown – Indonesian academic robes are commonly available in black with a different color of trim depending on the field of study/faculty. Generally they are long dresses with bell sleeves. There are some distinctive differences for each degree: for example, the length of the bachelor’s gown is usually below the knee; for master’s degrees, the dress is longer than for students; and for PhDs, the gown has a velvet panel (or velor to substitute for fabric) on the front and sleeve.

– Indonesian academic robes are commonly available in black with a different color of trim depending on the field of study/faculty. Generally they are long dresses with bell sleeves. There are some distinctive differences for each degree: for example, the length of the bachelor’s gown is usually below the knee; for master’s degrees, the dress is longer than for students; and for PhDs, the gown has a velvet panel (or velor to substitute for fabric) on the front and sleeve. Cloak or Hood – At most universities, cloaks are commonly used for undergraduate/undergraduate students, while hoods are commonly used for graduate (masters/doctoral) students and academic staff. A cape/hood is also color-coded by major/faculty.

– At most universities, cloaks are commonly used for undergraduates/bachelor’s students, while bonnets are commonly used for graduate students (masters/PhD) and academic staff. A cape/hood is also color-coded by major/faculty. Cap – A mortarboard is worn for bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Unlike most academic caps which are square in shape, the Indonesian cap is usually pentagonal. Another type of cap such as the Tudor bonnet is generally worn by graduate students, although in some universities such as Padjadjaran University [33] the bonnet is worn for all academic degrees.

– A doctoral hat is worn for bachelor’s and master’s degrees. Unlike most academic caps which are square in shape, the Indonesian cap is usually pentagonal. Another type of cap such as the Tudor cap is generally worn by graduate students, although in some universities such as Padjadjaran University the cap is worn for all academic degrees. Tassel – In most universities, the students’ tassel is placed on the left position before the graduation ceremony, and during the graduation procession, the students receive their graduation scroll/diploma and then move their tassel to the right. Tassels are also color coded.

Italy[ edit ]

In Italy, due to the large number of ancient universities in the country (e.g. University of Bologna, University of Pavia,[36][37] University of Padua,[38][39][40] University of Pisa,[41] University Siena,[42] University of Florence,[43] University of Rome,[44 ] etc.). Usually robes are only worn by professors during ceremonies and in some faculties during graduation ceremonies. After the student protests of 1968, many professors at many universities had stopped wearing academic gowns even on formal occasions, but they have been used again since the 1990s, mainly in liberal arts departments.[45][46] In addition, students at some universities have also started wearing gowns and caps at graduation ceremonies (usually for PhDs).[38][46][47][48] The dresses are traditionally all lined with the colors of the faculty, which have some variations following the tradition of each Atheneum. However, the most widely used color table is the following [50]

Malaysia[ edit ]

In Malaysia, most academic robes of public universities incorporate songket motifs.

Netherlands [ edit ]

At the Dutch universities, academic dress is not associated with a degree, but with the office of a chair: only full professors with a chair wear the toga with bib and beret. The beret is usually a soft cap, square or round, and made of velvet; the robe (ankle-length, open at the front) is made of wool trimmed with velvet or silk. It is traditionally black, as in the robes of early modern humanists; Some universities have gowns with wide, slit sleeves bordered in faculty-specific colors, others have an embellished sleeve but without specific faculty colors. Newly established universities may have a greater variety of colors.

Academic garb is worn only on celebratory occasions: the university anniversary or dies natalis, inaugural lectures, and the public defense of a doctoral thesis. On such occasions, the assembled professors line up as the cortège, led by the university usher, who also wears academic robes and wields the university’s mace. Male professors take off their berets while sitting and put them on while standing (e.g. to give a lecture or to address a doctoral student during the disputation). Female professors are always allowed to keep their berets on.

Academic dress may be completed with a chain of office (for the presiding rector or dean) or the insignia of honorary doctorates or royal orders (worn only on the dies natalis).

New Zealand[ edit ]

University graduates in New Zealand wear an academic robe identical to that of the University of Cambridge and either a hood or shawl, depending on whether the graduate is awarded a degree or diploma. When the graduate receives a degree, a hood[51] is worn throughout the ceremony. Upon receiving a diploma, the graduate wears a diploma scarf.[52]

The hood, like the dress, is identical to the hood for the Cambridge Master of Arts. A bachelor’s hood is lined with colored satin and trimmed with white fur (exceptions are Canterbury and Waikato University, which do not line their hoods with fur). The bachelor’s degree with honors hood is lined with colored satin and edged with white satin. The master cap has no bezel. A graduate student wears the same as a graduate receiving a master’s degree, except the gown is made entirely of silk, either black or scarlet, with the option of wearing a cloth gown. A doctor’s cap is made entirely of silk and the headdress is a black Tudor bonnet instead of the flat mortarboard worn in bachelor’s and master’s dresses.

Academic dress is rarely worn in New Zealand except at formal academic events, such as by graduates and faculty at graduation ceremonies and faculty at school awards ceremonies. Some traditional boys’ high schools maintain the tradition of the principal wearing a gown while presiding over meetings. Students staying at the University of Canterbury’s College House are required to wear academic attire to dinner.

It is common for graduates to wear clothing or jewelry that is meaningful to their culture at their graduation ceremony. For example, it is common to see Māori students wearing a traditional cloak known as korowai or kakahu huruhuru, or Pasifika students wearing lavalava, ta’ovala and elaborate lei.

Below is a list of common graduate hood colors:

Philippines [ edit ]

Most colleges and universities in the Philippines follow the traditional mortarboard, hood and gown during graduation.

In some schools in the country, the color of the dress corresponds to the school color (blue for Colegio de San Juan de Letran and Ateneo de Manila University, green for Far Eastern University and red for San Beda University).

Some schools, such as the University of Santo Tomas, follow Spanish academic dress such as the academic biretta and mozetta due to their Spanish heritage. The Birreta and Mozetta are worn by those in Graduate School and the Faculty of Medicine and Surgery. Graduates of the bachelor’s degree programs wear the traditional mortarboard, hood and robe. University professors wear their academic regalia during the Missa de Apertura, or opening Mass of the academic year, apart from celebratory investiture (graduation ceremonies) and other academic activities. Academic colors are unique to that university as these depend on the official color of the faculty or college to which a student or academy belongs.

A unique graduation robe worn at member universities of the University of the Philippines system is the use of the sablay. The sablay was inspired by the malong of Muslim Mindanao, giving it a Filipino look. It contains the native Baybayin characters for “U” and “P”.[54] During the graduation ceremony, graduates wear the sablay on the right shoulder, it is then shifted to the left shoulder after the university president confers their degree, “similar to moving the tassel of the academic cap”. The sablay is worn over traditional Filipino dress – Barong Tagalog for men and Filipiniana dress for women. The robe was first worn at the University of the Philippines Diliman. Other UP campuses followed suit. [citation required]

Elementary and high school students also wear a specific type of academic attire upon graduation, usually a white gown and a public school mortar board. For private schools, the color of the smock and mortarboard is at the discretion of the administration. There are several schools that use a hooded design on their dresses that bears the school colors.

Poland[ edit ]

Wearing traditional academic dress is an important feature of Polish educational ceremonies.

Portugal[ edit ]

Academic dress varies from university to university. In some situations the hat is not used, e.g. doctoral exam.

In Portugal, according to an old tradition, the regular university students also use a specific dressing. The “Traje Académico”, as it is called in Portuguese, can be recognized by its almost completely black color and cape. But there were other student attires as well, including the unique blue attire worn by the University of the Algarve (UAlg) students, which was used at least until the 2010s.[55]

Singapore[ edit ]

Academic dress for PhD in Singapore with description Academic dress for Masters in Singapore with description

South Africa[ edit ]

Die akademische Kleidung in Südafrika variiert von einer Institution zur anderen, folgt aber im Allgemeinen britischen Mustern. Eine übliche Unterscheidung besteht darin, dass Absolventen aller Abschlüsse bis einschließlich des Master-Abschlusses schwarze Kleider tragen, während der Doktorand ein scharlachrotes Kleid trägt. Heutzutage wird akademische Kleidung nur noch bei Abschlussfeiern verwendet. Das Tragen traditioneller afrikanischer Kleidung oder moderner Kleidung, die von traditioneller Kleidung inspiriert ist, unter der akademischen Kleidung war in den letzten Jahren ein deutlicher Trend.

Spanien [ bearbeiten ]

Dieser Artikel ist teilweise übersetzt aus es:Indumentaria académica hispánica

Ehrendoktorwürde tragen die akademische Kleidung des spanischen Arztes für Wissenschaften in Spanien. Doktoren in der akademischen Kleidung des spanischen Doktors für Naturwissenschaften an der Universität von Valladolid

Die typisch spanische Akademikerkleidung hat lateinischen Ursprung. Es ist seit 1850 geregelt, als Königin Isabella II. nach jahrhundertealtem spanischem Brauch mehrere Regeln für die akademische Kleidung aufstellte. Die typisch spanische Akademikerkleidung für Ärzte setzt sich zusammen aus:

Ein schwarzes langes Gewand ( Toga ) mit einer langen Knopfreihe aus Satin und Wolle. Es wird über einem schwarzen Anzug getragen.

) mit langer Knopfreihe aus Satin und Wolle. Es wird über einem schwarzen Anzug getragen. Eine Mozzetta (Muceta), deren Farbe vom akademischen Bereich abhängt.

), dessen Farbe vom akademischen Bereich abhängt. Lange Manschetten ( puñetas ) aus dem gleichen Stoff und der gleichen Farbe wie die Mozetta, bedeckt mit weißer Baumwollspitze. Die des Rektors (Universitätspräsidenten) sind leuchtend rot oder rosa, und die Spitze ist normalerweise seidig. Die Knöpfe sind für den Rektor aus Gold und für die Dekane aus Silber.

) aus dem gleichen Stoff und der gleichen Farbe wie die Mozetta, bedeckt mit weißer Baumwollspitze. Die des (Universitätspräsidenten) sind leuchtend rot oder rosa, und die Spitze ist normalerweise seidig. Die Knöpfe sind für den Rektor aus Gold und für die Dekane aus Silber. Ein achteckiges, mit Quasten besetztes Birett ( birrete ), dessen Farbe vom akademischen Bereich abhängt. Quasten von Ärzten mit mehr als einem Abschluss in separaten Feldern wechseln sich mit den entsprechenden Farben ab.

), dessen Farbe vom akademischen Bereich abhängt. Quasten von Ärzten mit mehr als einem Abschluss in separaten Feldern wechseln sich mit den entsprechenden Farben ab. Weiße Handschuhe.

Ein Ring wird normalerweise von Ärzten getragen.

Ein Stab oder Zepter ( Bastón ) aus amerikanischem Schilf wird vom Rektor der Universität getragen.

) aus amerikanischem Schilf wird vom Rektor der Universität getragen. Medaillons werden oft von Doktoranden, Ärzten, Professoren, Dekanen und dem Rektor der Universität getragen.

Doktoranden tragen die akademische Kleidung des spanischen Arztes mit Farben, die für die verschiedenen akademischen Bereiche verwendet werden.

Diese akademische Kleidung wird jedoch nur zur Eröffnung des akademischen Jahres und für Promotionen oder für Promotionen honoris causa verwendet. Es wird nur von Ärzten, Dekanen und dem Rektor der Universität getragen. Für andere Absolventen besteht die akademische Kleidung oft aus einem Doktorhut und einer Mozzetta (muceta) oder einer Schärpe über der Schulter (beca) mit dem Schild der Universität und / oder Fakultät. Die Farbe der Mozzetta oder der Schärpe hängt vom akademischen Bereich ab.

Die in Spanien verwendeten Farben für die verschiedenen akademischen Bereiche sind:

Sri Lanka[edit]

In Sri Lanka besteht die akademische Kleidung aus einem Kleid, einer Kapuze (Postgraduierten) und einer Girlande (am Abschlusstag). Universitäten, die der ehemaligen University of Ceylon angegliedert waren, geben schwarze Kleider für Absolventen und Postgraduierte aus. rote Roben für Master und Doktoranden; purpurrote Kleider für Kanzler mit einer anderen Farbe Kleider für hochrangige akademische Fakultät. Diese Universitäten geben am Tag des Abschlusses nur Girlanden an neue Absolventen aus und geben nur Mörteltafeln an Kanzler, Vizekanzler und Registrare aus. Private Universitäten geben Absolventen Mörtelbretter zusammen mit einer Haube anstelle einer Girlande aus.

Schweden und Finnland [ bearbeiten ]

Finnischer Doktorhut für einen Doktor der Naturwissenschaften der Universität Oulu

Finnland und Schweden haben ähnliche Traditionen, wenn es um akademische Kleidung geht. Bei wichtigen akademischen Zeremonien wird normalerweise eine weiße Krawatte getragen, oft jedoch mit traditionellen Kopfbedeckungen und Kleidern. Gowns are not generally used except by the rector as a symbol of office, if anyone.

The regular student cap (Finnish: ylioppilaslakki, Swedish: studentmössa) usually has a white velvet crown, a black band and a black beak. The cap can be worn by anyone who has passed the matriculation examination and is acceptable wear for both formal and informal academic celebrations. Technology students wear a special kind of student cap called a teekkarilakki (Finnish) or teknologmössa (Swedish). It is similar to the traditional student cap, but features a tuft and a distinctive cockade to show which university the wearer is attending. Technology students generally wear their caps more frequently, and thus the tuft often symbolizes university engineering students. Although universities have different rules regarding the use of the cap, caps are generally not awarded to students until the completion of the first year of studies. The technology student’s hat may also be seen on informal occasions, being worn with the student overall at many universities.

In both countries many universities have doctoral hats for persons who have completed a PhD or similar degree. These usually resemble top hats and must be worn with white tie. Like other hats, they are not generally worn indoors, but they may be presented on a table. Events where the hat and white tie are worn include thesis defences, post-doctoral parties, ceremonial conferments of degrees, opening ceremonies and other formal ceremonies related to the university.[56] At some universities, a doctoral ring is awarded together with the hat. In the Ingmar Bergman film Wild Strawberries, one scene shows the conferral of a Jubilee doctor degree on the main character at the University of Lund, which includes the presentation of such a hat and ring. At the University of Helsinki a cape and a sword are commonly worn with the doctoral hat. Students of the student organization “Limes” may also be seen wearing a black cape.[57]

Taiwan [ edit ]

Academic dress varies from university to university in Taiwan, generally consisting of cap and gown. Its use is limited to such special occasions as graduation ceremonies.

Thailand[ edit ]

In Thailand, there are five different styles of academic dress: (1) traditional Thai, (2) traditional American, (3) French (Paris), (4) modified American, and (5) modified British.

Some universities prefer a traditional robe originated in the royal court, known as suea khrui. Traditionally, the robe is a one-piece open-fronted garment made with a mesh, faced and bordered with a velvet or felt band. Since the conception of Chulalongkorn University, the traditional suea khrui was adopted for their graduates. Influenced by the colour of gowns used at Oxford, bachelor’s’ and master’s gown are faced and bordered with a black felt band. Meanwhile, a scarlet felt band is reserved for doctors. There are patterns upon the felt band to denote different degrees and faculties.[58] Other universities that utilise the traditional robe might, instead of a mesh, use another kind of fabric for their dress.

Other universities in Thailand that use a traditional robe include

As a note, Mahachulalongkorn and Mahamakut Buddhist universities do not prescribe an academic dress for monks, nuns and clergymen. It is also customary that monks and ministers of religion do not wear a dress, when they are being admitted to the degree at other Thai universities.

Other universities employs academic dress of the modified American pattern, with the exception at Thammasat University and Kasetsart University. Thammasat University employs a plain black gown with different epitoge, a strip of cloth worn over the left shoulder, for distinct degrees. The number of fur bands upon the epitoge indicates the degree (i.e. 3 for doctors, 2 for masters and 1 for bachelors). The hat is not worn.[65] Kasetsart University, on the other hand, retains the original American academic dress style.[66] For bachelors, the dress comprises a plain sleeve gown with a coloured cord around the neck. This is different from many American universities, at which a scarf is used instead of a cord. Masters’ gown exactly follows the American design. The sleeve is sewn shut at the end, with a slit to free the arm. Doctors’ gown also follows the American tradition. The sleeve has three velvet bars to denote the seniority. The hat is included.

Since most Thai universities do not fully understand the original American tradition, they usually use an American doctoral gown for their doctoral degree. By reducing the number of velvet bars on the sleeve, it is possible to get gowns for masters (2 bars) and bachelors (1 bar or none). Notable examples of this deviation include Ramkhamhaeng University, Burapha University, Mahidol University and the University of Phayao. Some universities even incorporate the hood into a pattern on the gown, including Suranaree University of Technology and Walailak University. This eliminates the need of additional hood.

Prince of Songkhla University uses a gown which is heavily deviated from the original British style. Gowns for bachelors and masters are made of black stuff. Doctoral gowns are made from scarlet cloth. Instead of being open-fronted like ones in the United Kingdom and Australia, all gowns are close-fronted, probably due to the robemakers. The neckband is curved instead of being a chevron. Silpakorn University mixes a modified American gown (i.e. a close-fronted black gown with different number of bars on the sleeve) with an altered version of Oxford simple hood.[67]

Tunisia [ edit ]

In Tunisia, University of Ez-Zitouna graduates wear an academic gown. Doctoral graduates in Islamic Sciences wear a jebba.

In other Tunisian universities, Like the Medicine university, Doctoral graduates wear an academic dress.

Tunisian Jebba.

United Kingdom and Ireland[ edit ]

There is a distinction between different types of academical dress. Most recently, gowns, hoods and caps are categorised into their shape and patterns by the Groves classification system, which is based on Nicholas Groves’ document, Hood and Gown Patterns.[68] This lists the various styles or patterns of academic dress and assigns them a code or a Groves Classification Number. For example, the Cambridge BA style gown is designated [b2] and a hood in the Cambridge full-shape is designated [f1], etc. Because the universities are free to design their own academicals using a wide range of available gown, hood and cap patterns, colours and materials at their and the robemaker’s disposal, the academicals of two given universities rarely clash with each other.

The Burgon Society was founded in 2000 to promote the study of academic dress.[69] Its publications and activities examine the history and current use of academic dress and in 2011 it published the third edition of Shaw’s reference book on British and Irish academical dress.[70] The Society hosts a conference each spring at which recent research is presented.[71]

The modern gown is derived from the roba worn under the cappa clausa, a garment resembling a long black cape. In early medieval times, all students at the universities were in at least minor orders, and were required to wear the cappa or other clerical dress, and restricted to clothes of black or other dark colour. The gowns most commonly worn, that of the clerical type gowns of bachelor’s degrees (BA and BS) and master’s degrees (MA and MS), are substantially the same throughout the English-speaking world. All are traditionally made of black cloth, (although occasionally the gown is dyed in one of the university’s colours) and the material at the back of the gown is gathered into a yoke. The Bachelor’s gown has bell-shaped sleeves, while the Master’s gown has long sleeves closed at the end, with the arm passing through a slit above the elbow.[72]

There are two distinctive shapes used in the UK for doctor’s gowns; the Oxford doctor’s shape and the Cambridge doctor’s shape. The former has bell-shaped sleeves, the latter has long open sleeves. Another rarer form is the Cambridge Doctor of Music dress gown which is a pattern between the two. The other form of doctor’s gown is the undress gown. This is a black gown worn for less formal occasions such as lectures. This type of gown is rarely seen or worn nowadays as many wear the dress gown instead; however, the undress gown still plays a part in the older universities where academic dress is usually worn.

Undergraduates at many older universities also wear gowns;[73] the most common essentially a smaller knee-length version of the Bachelor’s gown, or the Oxford Commoners gown which is a sleeveless lay type gown and has two streamers at the back at Oxford.[74] At Cambridge, most colleges have their own distinctive design of gown.[75] Undergraduates at St Andrews, with the exception of theology students, commonly wear scarlet woollen gowns with velvet collars.[76] Undergraduate gowns are seldom worn (even in institutions that prescribe them) nowadays except in the older universities.

Another form of dress, now rarely seen, is the habit, which is worn over a black gown. Only Oxford, Cambridge, Durham and Newcastle use habits and mainly reserve their use for very formal ceremonial occasions and to a specific group of academics or officials.

The hood was originally a functional garment, worn to shield the head from the elements. In the English tradition, it has developed to an often bright and decorative garment worn only on special occasions. Hoods comprise two basic patterns: full shape or simple shape. The traditional full-shape hood consists of a cape, cowl, and liripipe, as is used at Cambridge. At Oxford, the bachelors’ and masters’ hoods use simple hoods that have lost their cape and retain only the cowl and liripipe.[77] The colour and lining of hoods in academic dress represents the rank and/or faculty of the wearer.[78] In many Commonwealth universities bachelors wear hoods edged or lined with white rabbit fur, while masters wear hoods lined with coloured silk (originally ermine or other expensive fur). Doctors’ hoods are normally made of scarlet cloth and lined with coloured silk.[79] Faculty colours were introduced by the University of London and many universities followed suit.[80]

The academic cap or square, commonly known as the mortarboard, has come to be symbolic of academia. In some universities it can be worn by graduates and undergraduates alike. It is a flat square hat with a tassel suspended from a button in the top centre of the board. The mortarboard may also be referred to as a trencher cap (or simply trencher). The tassel is composed of a cluster of silk threads which are wrapped together with a cord which is attached to the button affixed to the centre of the headpiece. The loose strands are allowed to fall freely over the board edge, typically falling over the left front side of the cap. Often the strands are plaited together to form a cord with the end threads left untied. In many universities, holders of doctorates wear a soft-crowned, round-brimmed headpiece known as a Tudor bonnet or tam, rather than a trencher. Other types of hats used, especially in some universities in the UK, are the John Knox cap (mostly at Scottish universities), the Bishop Andrewes cap (a reinvention of the ancient form of the mortarboard, worn by Cambridge Doctors of Divinity DD’s) and the pileus (at Sussex). In some universities, such as Oxford, women may wear an Oxford ladies’ cap.[81]

Officers of the universities generally wear distinctive and more elaborate dress. The Chancellor and the Vice-Chancellor may wear a black damask lay type gown (sometimes with a long train) trimmed with gold or silver lace and frogs. They wear a velvet mortarboard, similarly trimmed with gold braid and tassel. Other than this gown, they may have other distinct forms of dress, such as the scarlet cappa clausa or cope worn in certain circumstances by the Vice-Chancellor of Cambridge or his/her deputy and by higher doctors presenting candidates for degrees, which was once worn by Doctors of Divinity.[82] In the past, Chancellors may also wear full court dress with breeches and court shoes like that of the Lord Chancellor of Great Britain.

At degree ceremonies, graduands often dress in the academic dress of the degree they are about to be admitted to prior to the actual graduation ceremony. This is not the case at several of the older universities in the UK, most notably, Oxford, Cambridge and St Andrews which have their own distinct traditions.

In addition to universities and colleges, a number of British professional bodies, such as the Institute of Biology and the Institute of Physics grant academic dress to their members.[83]

United States [ edit ]

A Columbia Doctor of Education in doctoral regalia. The rules of academic dress in the United States were first standardized at Columbia, before spreading to Harvard and Yale.

The Harvard doctoral gown and hood, which do not entirely follow the American Council on Education system.

American academic dress is typically closed at the front and properly worn with the prescribed cap, as well as the hood. On the baccalaureate dress shown other items such as scarves, stoles or cords may be seen.

Academic regalia in the United States has been influenced by the academic dress traditions of Europe. There is an Inter-Collegiate code which sets out a detailed uniform scheme of academic regalia followed by most, though some institutions do not adhere to it entirely, and fewer still ignore it.

The practice of wearing academic regalia in the United States dates to the Colonial Colleges period, and was heavily influenced by European practices and styles.[84] Students of most colonial colleges were required to wear the “college habit” at most times – a practice that lasted until the eve of the American Civil War in many institutions of higher learning.[85] In some rare instances the practice has persisted, such as at Sewanee, where members of the student honor society, along with most professors, continue to wear the gown to class.[86] After the Civil War, academic regalia was generally only worn at ceremonies or when representing the institution.[85] There was not, however, any standardization among the meanings behind the various costumes. In 1893, an Intercollegiate Commission made up of representatives from leading institutions and chaired by President of Columbia Seth Low was created, to establish an acceptable system of academic dress. The commission met at Columbia University in 1895 and adopted a code of academic regalia, which prescribed the cut and style and materials of the gowns, as well as determined the colors which were to represent the different fields of learning.[87] These rules were soon adopted by Columbia’s peer institutions, including Harvard, Yale, and Princeton.[88] In 1932 the American Council on Education (ACE) authorized the appointment of a committee to determine whether revision and completion of the academic code adopted by the conference of the colleges and universities in 1895 is desirable at this time, and, if so, to draft a revised code and present a plan for submitting the code to the consideration of the institutional members of the council.

The committee reviewed the situation and approved a code for academic costumes that has been in effect since that year. A Committee on Academic Costumes and Ceremonies, appointed by the American Council on Education in 1959, again reviewed the academic dress code and made several changes.[84]

Although academic dress is now rarely worn outside commencement ceremonies or other academic rituals such as encaenia in the U.S. graduation ceremonies have gained popularity and have expanded from high school graduations to middle school, elementary school and kindergarten graduation ceremonies.[89]

Bachelors’ and master’s gowns in the United States are similar to their counterparts in the United Kingdom, though bachelor’s gowns are now designed to be worn closed, and all are at least mid-calf length to ankle-length.[90] The masters’ gown sleeve is oblong and, though the base of the sleeve hangs down in the typical manner, it is square cut at the rear part of the oblong shape. The front part has an arc cut away, and there is a slit for the wrist opening, but the rest of the arc is closed. The shape is evocative of the square-cut liripipe incorporated into many academic hoods (see, below). The master’s gown is designed to be worn open or closed.[90]

Doctoral robes are typically black, although some schools use robes in the school’s colours.[90] The Code calls for the outside shell of the hood (see, below) to remain black in that case, however. In general, doctoral gowns are similar to the gowns worn by bachelor’s graduates, with the addition of three velvet bands on the sleeves and velvet facing running down the front of the gown. The Code calls for the gown trim to be either black or the colour designated for the field of study in which the doctorate was earned (see Inter-Collegiate colors). However, in the case of the degree of Doctor of Philosophy (PhD), although it is awarded for study in any number of fields, the dark blue velvet of philosophy is always used regardless of the particular field studied. For example, if not choosing black trim, a PhD in theology would wear velvet gown trim in dark blue, while a Doctor of Theology (Th.D.) would wear scarlet trim, if not choosing black. The robes have full sleeves, instead of the bell sleeves of the bachelor’s gown. Some gowns expose a necktie or cravat when closed, while others take an almost cape-like form. It is designed to be worn open or closed in the front.[90]

The Code calls for the shell material of the hood to match the robe, and for the colour to be black regardless of the colour of the robe being worn.[91] The interior lining – generally silk – displays the colours of the institution from which the wearer received the degree, in a pattern prescribed by it (usually, if more than one colour is used, chevrons or equal divisions).[92] The opening of the hood is trimmed in velvet or velveteen.[93] In most American colleges and universities, the colour of the velvet hood trimming is distinctive of the academic field – or as closely related as possible – to which the degree earned pertains (see Inter-Collegiate colors).[94] Many institutions, particularly larger ones, have dispensed with the bachelor’s hood at commencement ceremonies altogether, though a graduate is still entitled to wear one once the degree is conferred.[95]

Headwear is an important component of cap-and-gown, and the academic costume is not complete without it. The headwear will vary with the level of academic achievement and, to some extent, on the individual academic institution’s specifications. For caps, the mortarboard is recommended in the Code, and the material required to match the gown.[96] The exception—velvet—is reserved for the doctor’s degree only, seen in the form of a multiple-sided (4, 6, or 8) tam, but the four-sided mortarboard-shaped tam in velvet is what the Code seems to recommend here.[96] The only colour called for is black, in all cases.[96] The tassel worn on the mortarboard or a tam seems to provide, by tradition, the greatest opportunity for latitude in American academic dress. It has been black, or represented the university’s colours, or the colours of the specific college, or the discipline. The tassel has also been used to indicate membership in national honour societies or other awards. There is at some colleges and universities a practice of moving the tassel from one side to the other on graduating, but this is a modern innovation that would be impractical out of doors due to the vagaries of the wind. For doctoral and masters students, the tassel commonly begins and remains on the left.[97]

The colours allocated to the various fields of learning have been largely standardized in the United States by the Intercollegiate Bureau of Academic Costume, and accepted by the American Council on Education in its Academic Costume Code.[92] Some of the more common colours seen are that liberal arts is represented by white, science by golden yellow, medicine by green, law by purple, theology by scarlet, and philosophy (including all PhD degrees) by dark blue. A distinction is made in the code, which calls for a graduate to display the colour of the subject of the degree obtained, not the degree itself.[93] For example, if a graduate is awarded a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree specifically in business the trimming should be drab, representing commerce/accountancy/business, rather than white, representing the broader arts/letters/humanities; the same method is true of master’s degrees and doctorates. However, in 1986, the American Council on Education updated the Code and added the following sentence clarifying the use of the colour dark blue for the Doctor of Philosophy degree, which is awarded in any number of fields: “In the case of the Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, the dark blue colour is used to represent the mastery of the discipline of learning and scholarship in any field that is attested to by the awarding of the degree, and it is not intended to represent the field of philosophy.”[93]

A number of other items such as cords, stoles, aiguillettes, etc. representing various academic achievements or other honours are also worn at the discretion of some degree-granting institutions. Technically, however, the ACE code does not allow their use on or over academic regalia.

Pontifical universities [ edit ]

Academic dress for pontifical universities tends to vary by the host country. Traditionally, for doctors of a pontifical university or faculty “the principal mark of a Doctor’s dignity is the four horned biretta.”[98] Under the old Code of Canon Law, in commencement ceremonies and other academic settings, doctors from pontifical faculties and universities had a canonical right to wear the doctoral biretta, as stated in can. 1378, and explained in commentary 262 of the Commentarium Codicis Iuris Canonici as follows:

262. Doctoratus ac Scentiae effectus canonici sic recensentur can. 1378…doctoribus seu gradum academicum in una ex quatuor supradictis facultatibus <> supremum obtinentibus, rite creatis, seu promotis regulariter post examen, iuxta « statuta a Sede Apostolica probata » (can. 1376, § 2) saltem quoad usum validum « facultatis ab eadem Aplca. Sede concessae » (can. 1377, § 1), deferendi, extra sacras functiones, (quarum nomine ad hunc eflectum non-venit ex usu sacra praedicatio), nisi aliunde amplietur eis hoc ius quoad a) annulum etiam cum gemma « ipsis a iure huius canonis concessum » (can. 136, § 2), b) et biretum doctorale, (idest: cum quatuor apicibus) utpote insigne huius gradus ac diverso colore ornatum pro Facultate.:[99][clarification needed] 262. The canonical effects of the doctorate and of the science are listed in can. 1378…doctors or an academic diegree in one of the four above-mentioned faculties <> have the highest rank, duly created, or promoted regularly after the examination, according to “appointed statutes approved by the Apostolic See” (c. 1376 §2). Granted see” (c. 1377 §1), for deferring outside sacred functions (the name of which does not come from the use of sacred preaching for this effect), unless this right may be extended to them from other sources as far as: a) a ring with a jewel “to them by the right granted under this canon” (c. 136, § 2), b) and a doctoral hat (that is, with four tips) as a badge of this degree and adorned in different colors for the Faculty.

There is no equivalent canon in the current Code of Canon Law promulgated in 1983, but the tradition remains.

The Sartoria Gammerelli as of August 2013 offers, in line with the updated stipulations of the Pontifical Gregorian University, birettas lined with the following assorted piping and tufts depending on which faculty one is graduated from: Green for Canon Law, Red for Sacred Theology, Blue for Philosophy, and Orange for Social Sciences. Three-horned birettas are to be used by Licentiates, four-horned for Doctors.

Academic dress for the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum graduates consists of a black toga or academic gown with trim to follow the color of the faculty, and an academic ring. For the doctoral degree a four corned biretta is to be worn, and for the Licentiate degree a three corned biretta is to be worn. See:Academic regalia of the Pontifical University of St. Thomas Aquinas. The ‘traditional’ biretta at the Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas, Angelicum, is white, to correspond to the white Dominican habit.[100] Also, the academic senate of the Angelicum in its May 2011 meeting indicated that the black biretta may be used with trim and pom in the color of the particular faculty.[101]

A three-peaked black biretta with appropriately colored piping may be similarly used by those receiving the licentiate degree (S.T.L., Ph.L.).

See also[edit]

Academic dress details for the following universities are available via these links:

Canada

United Kingdom and Ireland

Andere

Bibliography[edit]

Books

Journals

Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2004), The Burgon Society Annual 2003 .

. Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2005), The Burgon Society Annual 2004 . ISBN 0-9544110-6-4

. ISBN 0-9544110-6-4 Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2006), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 5 . ISBN 0-9544110-7-2

. ISBN 0-9544110-7-2 Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2008), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 6 . ISBN 0-9544110-8-0

. ISBN 0-9544110-8-0 Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2008), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 7 . ISBN 978-0-9544110-5-3

. ISBN 978-0-9544110-5-3 Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2009), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 8 . ISBN 978-0-9561272-1-1

. ISBN 978-0-9561272-1-1 Kerr, Alex (ed.) et al. (2012), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 10 . ISBN 978-0-9561272-6-6

. ISBN 978-0-9561272-6-6 Powell, Michael (ed.) et al. (2002), The Burgon Society Annual 2001 .

. Powell, Michael (ed.) et al. (2003), The Burgon Society Annual 2002 .

. Wolgast, Stephen L., Kerr, Alex (eds) et al. (2011), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 9 – Special North American issue . ISBN 978-0-9561272-4-2

. ISBN 978-0-9561272-4-2 Wolgast, Stephen L. (ed.) et al. (2012), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 11 .

. Wolgast, Stephen L. (ed.) et al. (2013), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 12 .

. Wolgast, Stephen L. (ed.) et al. (2014), Transactions of the Burgon Society: Volume 13.

Electronics

Sullivan, Eugene (ed.) An Academic Costume Code and An Academic Ceremony Guide , American Council on Education. Reprinted with permission from American Universities and Colleges , 15th Edition (1997). Walter de Gruyter, Inc.

, American Council on Education. Reprinted with permission from , 15th Edition (1997). Walter de Gruyter, Inc. Smagorinsky, Margaret. The REGALIA of Princeton University: Pomp, Circumstance, and Accountrements of Academia. The Trustees of Princeton University (Printed by Office of Printing and Mailing), 1994. Accessed 26 September 2008.

Further reading[edit]

American Council on Education staff (1997). American Universities and Colleges , 15th Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Inc. ISBN 0-275-98745-0

, 15th Edition. Walter de Gruyter, Inc. ISBN 0-275-98745-0 Belting, Natalia Maree (1956), The History of Caps and Gowns , New York : Collegiate Cap & Gown Co. via Internet Archive

, New York : Collegiate Cap & Gown Co. via Internet Archive Franklyn, C.A.H. (1970), Academical Dress from the Middle Ages to the Present Day Including Lambeth Degrees . Lewes: WE Baxter.

. Lewes: WE Baxter. Haycraft, F.W. (1948), 4th ed. rev. Stringer, E.W Scobie, The Degrees and Hoods of the World’s Universities and Colleges . Cheshunt Press.

. Cheshunt Press. Rashdall, H. (1895, 1936), The Universities of Europe in the Middle Ages . Oxford: Claredon Press.

. Oxford: Claredon Press. Rogers, F.R.S., Franklyn, C.A.H., Shaw, G.W., Boyd, H.A. (1972), The Degrees and Hoods of the World’s Universities and Colleges . Lewes: WE Baxter.

. Lewes: WE Baxter. Smith, H.H., Sheard, K. (1970), Academic Dress and Insignia of the World . Cape Town: A.A. Balkema.

. Cape Town: A.A. Balkema. Wood, T.W. (1882), The Degrees, Gowns and Hoods of the British, Colonial, Indian and American Universities and Colleges. London: Thomas Pratt & Sons.

References[ edit ]

White Graduation Collar

White graduation collar

A very important aspect of wearing academic gowns to a graduation ceremony is that all students look uniform. This gives the graduates and the school a very formal academic look following tradition. Graduation collars help students look identical as sometimes their attire can be seen on top of the dress. This is usually more necessary for female students who wear blouses or dresses, while male students may wear a shirt with a collar and buttons. Getting collars for all students gives both male and female students the freedom to wear whatever they want under their clothes. Rather than requiring students to all purchase the same collar shirt, they can simply purchase Graduation Source collars with their gowns.

Once you have your collar and dress, you may be wondering how to put it on and stay in place. Let’s talk about how to properly wear a graduation collar:

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