How To Prevent Parvo In An Apartment Complex? The 128 Correct Answer

You are planning to have your dog vaccinated against parvovirus, but you may be wondering how effective the vaccination really is. Can dogs still get infected with the parvo vaccine?

The Dodo spoke to Dr. Linda Simon, a veterinarian and veterinary consultant for Five Barks, and Dr. Michelle Burch, a veterinarian at Safe Hounds Pet Insurance, to find out how a vaccinated dog could still get parvo.

What is Parve?

Parvo is a life-threatening disease that affects your dog’s intestines.

“Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious virus that can be fatal to all unvaccinated dogs but typically affects puppies,” said Dr. Burch opposite The Dodo.

For this reason, the parvovirus vaccine is one that every dog ​​needs (aka the core vaccine).

Can a vaccinated dog still get parvo?

While the parvovirus vaccine is incredibly effective, there are some instances where a vaccinated dog can still get parvo.

“Unfortunately, even those who are already vaccinated against parvovirus could potentially become infected,” said Dr. Simon opposite The Dodo.

One of the ways this happens is if your dog is exposed to the parvovirus before he has received all the necessary doses of the vaccine.

“A lot of owners don’t realize that vaccination protocol for puppies up to 16 weeks of age calls for booster shots every three to four weeks,” said Dr. Burch. “If booster shots are not continued by 16 weeks of age, your dog may not have developed an adequate immune response.”

But sometimes even dogs that have completed the required rounds of vaccinations can get parvo.

“It’s technically possible for those who are fully vaccinated to become infected,” said Dr. Simon. “But that’s rare.”

This can happen if your dog is sick when he receives his Parvo vaccines, as his compromised immune system would not have been able to make all the antibodies he needs to protect himself from the disease.

“Even though they have been vaccinated against parvovirus, dogs with a breakthrough infection may not have responded adequately to the vaccine because of their individual immune systems,” said Dr. Burch. “The body may not have produced the appropriate antibodies needed to protect against infection.”

Sometimes your dog’s parvo vaccine may be less effective if it was not stored properly before receiving it.

“Vaccine vial handling can also result in a vaccinated dog becoming infected with parvovirus,” said Dr. Burch. “Vaccine vials must be shipped and stored at appropriate temperatures. The parvovirus vaccine must remain between 36 and 46 degrees Fahrenheit to maintain its effectiveness.”

How Do Dogs Get Parvo?

Dogs often get parvo when they come into contact with feces from an infected dog.

The problem is that even if you pick up the poop, the virus itself is quite strong, can survive even in extreme temperatures, and is resistant to many household cleaners. So, for example, if an infected pup has an accident at your dog’s daycare, your pup is in danger — even if the mess is cleaned up.

“The parvovirus is highly contagious and can cause dogs to become extremely unwell,” said Dr. Simon.

Because of this, the best way to protect your dog from parvo is to get them vaccinated – and make sure they get every dose.

Symptoms of parvo in dogs

Parvovirus symptoms can be quite serious and even life-threatening.

Signs of parvo in dogs can include:

Diarrhea

Vomit

Decreased energy

Loss of appetite (or even anorexia)

Fever

stomach pain

“Fortunately, vaccinated dogs do not tend to develop symptoms as severe as unvaccinated ones,” said Dr. Simon.

If you notice any of these symptoms, even if they are mild, take your dog to the vet immediately as parvo can be fatal.

Why the Parvo vaccination is important

The Parvo vaccine is extremely important as it helps your dog produce antibodies that will protect him from the widespread, life-threatening disease.

“Vaccines work by safely triggering the immune response and allowing the dog to produce antibodies,” said Dr. Simon. “That means if they’re exposed to parvovirus, they should be able to fight it off without feeling uncomfortable.”

The Parvo vaccine is often designed to produce these antibodies.

“Canine parvovirus vaccines are predominantly modified live vaccines (MLV),” said Dr. Burch. “When the MLV vaccine is given to a dog, the body recognizes the parvoviral antigen and the immune system begins to produce plasma cells and memory B cells. These cells then produce IgG antibodies as the immune response matures.”

Remember that a vaccinated adult dog will need annual booster shots for parvo. Making sure your dog is up to date on their vaccinations will keep them protected long after their first vaccinations.

“Because the antibodies wane over time, your dog will need regular booster shots,” said Dr. Simon.

“Dogs that have three to five encounters with the vaccine typically develop the highest level of antibodies to protect against infection,” said Dr. Burch.

And while some fully vaccinated dogs can still get parvo – remember this is rare – the vaccine will usually keep your pup perfectly safe.

“However, for the vast majority, vaccination prevents them from ever getting sick,” said Dr. Simon.

As scary as it sounds, vaccinated dogs can still get parvo, although it’s highly unlikely. You should still get your dog vaccinated as parvovirus is a serious, scary and life-threatening disease and the vaccine is usually incredibly effective.

Dogs adapt to apartment life

Living in apartments is becoming increasingly popular, especially in large cities. It is predicted that the number of people living in housing units in Australia’s major cities will halve in the next few years.

So what does this mean for our furry family members?

Adjusting to a grassless environment can be a little confusing for dogs at first, especially if they are used to having a backyard. If you have a pup, the good news is that once they’ve finally gone to the bathroom, they’ll become superstars when it comes to going about their business on a schedule. The bad news, of course, is that potty training puppies in an apartment is a lot harder – mostly because they have small blisters and need to go out more often. Don’t fret. Dogs are very adaptable and learn very quickly. Here are some ways to teach them:

Take them outside as often as possible.

Take your dog to a grassy patch near your home at least twice a day to do his business. This also gives them a chance to get out of the apartment, snoop around and get some fresh air.

Feed and take them out at the same time each day.

For adult dogs:

If you feed your dog morning and night, getting him out early in the morning and late in the afternoon should be enough. Also, when you’re at home, you might want to take them out in the middle of the day, just in case.

For puppies:

According to the Humane Society, puppies can only hold their bladders for a maximum of two hours. This is even less true for newborn puppies under eight weeks old. If you have a puppy, take him out as often as possible to minimize mistakes inside and the big cleanup that entails.

Always put them in the same place.

Find a patch of grass near your home and go there every time you take your dog outside to use the bathroom. This helps them develop a sense of routine and comfort. Be sure to reinforce positive behavior by giving them a treat when they go there and not somewhere else. You will soon see it as your own toilet.

What if I’m not at home?

Life is busy. People work and have things to do. Of course, we can’t always be there to get them out when we want to. Luckily, there are a few ways to keep your dog from making a mess in your house while you’re away:

Buy a pet potty.

Yes, there are! A pet pot is a raised box with a layer of artificial grass on top. When your dog goes about its business, all liquids go into a waste container that is easy to remove and clean. Some even come with a scented spray that does the potty training and an attractive toilet stain. You can keep it on your balcony while you are out or at night. Prices range from around $150 to $350.

Pet potties usually work best for adult dogs who are already used to walking on grass, but a puppy can be trained to use one as well. Make sure you clean it at least once a week to avoid bacteria build-up and unpleasant odors.

Keep them in a specific area of ​​the home while you’re away.

You can cordon off certain areas with a childproof fence. By keeping your dog in a place where he’s comfortable, like the laundry or the kitchen, you can reduce the amount of clutter on the carpet and other areas of the home. Not only does this make it easier to spot and clean up accidents, but according to PetMD, dogs are also much less likely to go to the bathroom in a place where they eat or sleep.

With that said, keep any dog ​​in one spot long enough and after a certain number of hours he will become unable to hold it. If possible, try not to leave her alone for too long if you can avoid it.

Never scold them for an accident.

Dogs respond much better to positive reinforcement. If they yell, hit their nose, or rub their nose at their accident, they will only feel anxious and confused. Rather give them a reward when they do the right thing.

You’ll be bringing your new pup home pretty soon. But while you’re over the moon, you’ve also never owned a puppy while living in an apartment, so not sure what to expect. Don’t worry – even in a small space or in a rented apartment, you can raise a happy and healthy puppy.

By taking preventive measures and spending time training your new puppy, you can ensure your home isn’t destroyed and your dog stays safe.

Here are some tips from Daniel Goltzer, a dog trainer and owner of Daniel’s Dog Adventures in Los Angeles, to prepare your spot for a puppy.

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Before your pup comes home

Move fragile and valuables

The first step is to puppy-proof your home. “That would mean clearing away breakables and valuables from the lower seats and throwing them in lockable and lockable containers,” says Goltzer. “Puppies like to chew because they are teething. If you have glasses, shoes, or anything else outside, keep them in a trash can or somewhere the puppy can’t get to.

create boundaries

Although puppies have lots of energy, that doesn’t mean they need a lot of space. In fact, according to Goltzer, being in more than one room can overwhelm her. Stick to one space “until your dog is more familiar with you and has mastered a few basic commands,” he says. Use dog guards to separate rooms and areas.

Avoid bringing your pup into a room with carpeting or furniture until he is trained. If your dog pees on the floor or chews on the walls or doors, you could have trouble getting your pet deposit back.

Get a crate

Goltzer recommends crate training your new pup right away to avoid problems. The right size crate will allow your dog to stand up, lie down, and stretch out, but it shouldn’t be so big that your dog starts peeing in it. Some crates have dividers in the middle that make them smaller, and you can remove them when your dog is bigger.

Remove all toxic foods

New dog owners may not be familiar with all foods that are toxic to dogs. Goltzer says it’s important to research these foods since your dog will likely eat anything off the floor. Make sure all of your toxic foods — like coffee and chocolate — are locked away in a safe place and your floor is clean before you bring your pup home.

Lock away medication

Keep all prescription and non-prescription medications locked away in a medicine cabinet. The use of medication (e.g. ibuprofen) is one of the main reasons for veterinary emergency department visits. as this is one of the top reasons for presentation to emergency veterinary clinics.

Watch out for rodenticides

If you are a renter, ask your landlord if they use rodenticides and if so where those products are placed. It’s also good to know the names of the products in case your dog gets inside and you need to tell the vet.

cover electrics

Keep electrical cords out of dog’s reach. Your pup will chew on anything in sight and this can be a source of electrocution. Don’t forget your computer gear and chargers.

Buy puppy toys

Whether you are at home or not, your pup needs toys to play with. Goltzer says buying some chew toys and puzzles is a great idea to keep your dog stimulated. Give your pup a place to eat, drink, lie down, and play with toys.”

Once your pup is home

Address barking and whining

When someone is walking up the stairs or the delivery person is delivering a package to your home, it is normal for your pup to bark at them. But loud barking and whining could get you in trouble with your neighbors — as well as your landlord. If your dog is barking and whimpering excessively, the problem could be separation anxiety. To counteract anxiety, Goltzer suggests that you never make a big deal about going in and out of your home.

“Usually when you hug your dog and say ‘goodbye,’ that’s a stressor and an onset of anxiety,” he says. “Also, don’t put your dog in the crate and run for the door. Put your dog in the crate, give him a chew toy, and then sit on your phone and read an email. This will prevent the dog from becoming anxious. When you get home, spend a few minutes doing something else, and then say hello to your dog.”

If your pup barks excessively, Goltzer recommends not responding. “No reward, no attention, no shouting. You can even leave the room. Once your dog has calmed down, go inside and reward him with treats to show him that he doesn’t have to bark to get attention.”

Walk your dog and socialize it

Since you live in an apartment, you may not have a backyard or space to let your dog use the bathroom. Goltzer says you should make sure to walk your dog for at least 15 to 30 minutes, two or three times a day. If you have a yard, you should still take your pup for a walk for socialization and exercise.

If you work outside the home all day, get a dog walker, send your pup on a group hike with other dogs, or enroll him in a dog daycare.

Use positive reinforcement training

Your pup will have accidents – it’s just a fact of life. But the way you react to these accidents will either slow down or speed up your training. Goltzer says positive reinforcement training is the best method because not only does it cement a good relationship between you and your pup, but it’s far more effective than scolding your dog when he makes a mistake.

“If you catch your dog in the act, say ‘stop’ or ‘no’ and clap your hands,” he says. “Then take your dog outside and reward him as soon as he goes to the bathroom.”

Cut your dog’s claws

If you live on an upper floor, you need to be concerned about the noise your new pup will be making and whether or not he will disturb your downstairs neighbors. Your dog’s long claws might make a loud clicking noise, so clip your pup’s claws as soon as you notice it. It’s also a good idea to invest in carpet if you have hard floors.

“I live on the second floor and have a big dog, so we have a big rug in our living room,” says Goltzer. “Her nails are filed and she doesn’t run around inside so she’s pretty calm.”

Consider hiring a trainer

If you are overwhelmed or just need support, you can always hire a professional trainer to help after your dog is fully vaccinated.

“It’s always good to bring in a trainer for at least a few sessions to answer basic questions and make sure you’re not doing things that will end up harming your dog,” says Goltzer. “Your coach can nip problems in the bud. It is much easier to avoid the problem in the first place than to fix it once it occurs.”

Crying is probably more common at night than during the day. Before bedtime, play with your pup until he gets tired. Take him for a potty break just before bedtime. Consider putting his bed or crate in your bedroom for the first few nights. Take him to the potty once or twice overnight. Don’t play with him when you want him to sleep so he can learn that the night is rest.

If your little friend cries during the day, keep him in a room where he can see you. Leave the room for a moment. If he’s crying, wait for the crying to stop before coming back.

Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious virus that can affect all dogs, but unvaccinated dogs and puppies younger than four months are most at risk. Dogs that contract canine parvovirus infection are often referred to as “parvo.” The virus affects the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and is transmitted through direct dog-to-dog contact and through contact with contaminated feces (stool), environments, or people. The virus can also contaminate kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes, and the hands and clothing of people who handle infected dogs. Resistant to heat, cold, moisture and dehydration, it can survive in the environment for a long time. Even trace amounts of feces from an infected dog can harbor the virus and infect other dogs that come into the infected environment. The virus is easily transmitted from place to place via dogs’ hair or feet, or via contaminated cages, shoes, or other objects.

Tank, a parvovirus survivor.

Signs of parvovirus

Some of the signs of parvovirus are lethargy; loss of appetite; abdominal pain and bloating; fever or low body temperature (hypothermia); Vomit; and severe, often bloody, diarrhea. Persistent vomiting and diarrhea can cause rapid dehydration, and damage to the gut and immune system can cause septic shock.

If your puppy or dog shows any of these signs, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

Most parvovirus deaths occur within 48 to 72 hours of the onset of clinical symptoms. If your puppy or dog shows any of these signs, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

diagnosis and treatment

Parvovirus infection is often suspected based on the dog’s history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Fecal testing can confirm the diagnosis.

There is no specific drug available that kills the virus in infected dogs, and treatment is designed to support the dog’s body systems until the dog’s immune system can fight off the viral infection. Treatment should be started immediately and consists primarily of intensive care efforts to control dehydration by replacing electrolyte, protein, and fluid losses, to control vomiting and diarrhea, and to prevent secondary infections. Sick dogs should be kept warm and well cared for. If a dog develops parvo, treatment can be very expensive and the dog can die despite aggressive treatment. Early detection and aggressive treatment are very important for successful outcomes. With proper treatment, survival rates can reach 90%.

Because parvovirus is highly contagious, isolation of infected dogs is necessary to minimize the spread of infection. Proper cleaning and disinfection of contaminated kennels and other areas where infected dogs are (or have been) housed is essential to contain the spread of parvovirus. The virus is not easy to kill, so ask your veterinarian for specific instructions on cleaning and disinfecting products.

prevent parvovirus

Vaccinations and good hygiene are important components of prevention.

Young puppies are very susceptible to infection, particularly because the natural immunity of mother’s milk can drop before the puppies’ own immune systems are mature enough to fight off infection. If a puppy is exposed to canine parvovirus during this gap in protection, it can become ill. An additional concern is that the immunity provided by breast milk may interfere with an effective response to vaccination. This means that even vaccinated puppies can occasionally become infected with the parvovirus and develop disease. To close protection gaps and provide the best protection against parvovirus in the first few months of life, a series of puppy vaccinations are given. Puppies should receive a dose of canine parvovirus vaccine between 14 and 16 weeks of age, regardless of how many doses they have previously received, in order to develop adequate protection.

To protect their adult dogs, pet owners should ensure their dog’s parvovirus vaccination is up to date. Titers are available that measure the dog’s level of antibodies to canine parvovirus, but the level of antibodies may not directly confer protection if the dog is exposed to the virus. Ask your veterinarian for a recommended prevention program for your dog.

Until a puppy has had its full vaccination series, pet owners should exercise caution when bringing their pet to places where young puppies will be (e.g., reputable facilities and training programs reduce the risk of exposure by promoting immunizations, health screening, good hygiene, and isolation of sick puppies and dogs Contact with known infected dogs and their premises should be avoided at all times.

Despite proper vaccination, a small percentage of dogs fail to develop protective immunity and remain susceptible to infection.

Finally, do not let your puppy or adult dog come into contact with other dogs’ feces when walking or playing outdoors. Prompt and proper disposal of waste material is always advisable to limit the spread of canine parvovirus infection as well as other diseases that can infect humans and animals.

Dogs with vomiting or diarrhea, or other dogs that have been exposed to sick dogs, should not be brought into kennels, showgrounds, dog parks, or other areas where they will come into contact with other dogs. Likewise, unvaccinated dogs should not be brought into contact with sick dogs or dogs with unknown vaccination history. People who have contact with sick or exposed dogs should avoid handling other dogs or at least wash their hands and change their clothes beforehand.

Related resource

Canine Parvovirus Type 2c FAQ

The content of this page is an abridged version of our Canine Parvovirus brochure, which is available in English and Spanish.

The Puppy Killer You Must Know: Parvo

Like small people, puppies are susceptible to a number of contagious diseases and viruses because their immune systems are not yet fully developed. If you have a new puppy or even an older dog from a shelter or friend, you need to protect your new pet from the potentially deadly canine parvovirus.

What is parvo?

The deadly canine parvovirus is commonly referred to as parvo or “CPV-2” by veterinarians. Once infected, Parvo is a very contagious virus that can affect all dogs. Unvaccinated dogs and puppies younger than four months are most at risk from parvo. The virus most commonly affects the lymph nodes, bloodstream, and small intestine of dogs. Some also see an affected heart. It can be fatal if not noticed or treated quickly.

How Does a Dog Get Parvo?

The virus enters the body through the mouth when a puppy or dog is cleaning itself or eating food off the floor or on the ground. A tiny amount of infected feces (stool) is enough.

Parvo is usually transmitted directly from dog to dog, but contact with contaminated stool, the environment, or people can also transmit the disease. Once infected, a dog with Parvo can contaminate food, water bowls, collars and leashes, and a dog’s bedding or crate. Once a dog or puppy is infected, there is an incubation period of three to seven days before the first symptoms appear.

Pet owners can get parvo infections through their hands, clothing, and shoes when they touch infected dogs and their feces. The parvovirus is resistant to heat, cold, moisture and dehydration and can survive in the environment for a long time.

Signs your dog might have parvo

Dogs that develop parvo will show symptoms three to ten days after exposure. Symptoms include: vomiting, lethargy, diarrhea (usually bloody), and fever. The gastrointestinal tract is where the most severe damage occurs.

Parvoviral infections are characterized by a decrease in the number of white blood cells due to bone marrow infection. Dog diarrhea can become bloody and bacteria can enter the body and cause widespread infection as the virus destroys the bone marrow’s ability to make infection-fighting white blood cells.

“Early recognition of the signs of parvo by pet owners, followed by prompt diagnosis and an aggressive treatment plan at the veterinarian can increase survival rates to 90%,” said Dr. Audrey Wystrach.

If your puppy or dog is showing signs of parvo, see your vet immediately.

Parvovirus infection is diagnosed based on a dog’s history, physical exam, and laboratory tests. Common laboratory tests include ELISA, PCR and a full blood count. Each test provides slightly different information, and sometimes your vet may be able to administer more than one type of test.

What Types of Dogs Are Prone to Parvo?

Parvo is most common in puppies between the ages of six and 20 weeks, but older dogs are sometimes affected if they have not been vaccinated. (A rare variant of the disease that can occur in very young (newborn) puppies is myocarditis (an inflammation of the heart muscle).

Parvo first appeared among dogs in Europe around 1976. By 1978, the virus had spread unchecked, causing a worldwide epidemic of myocarditis and inflammation in the gut.

We now know that the virus is not limited to companion dogs but is capable of causing infection in wild dogs such as coyotes and wolves.

How do I prevent parvo in my dog?

Until a puppy has had its full vaccination course, pet owners should exercise caution when bringing their pet to places where young puppies will be (eg.

Vaccination against CPV-2 and good hygiene are the best ways to prevent the disease. Young puppies (like human babies) are the most susceptible to infection, particularly because mother’s milk’s natural immunity can weaken before the puppy’s own immune system is mature enough to fight off infection. If a puppy is exposed to canine parvovirus during this gap in protection, it can become ill.

To provide the best protection against parvovirus in the first few months of life, a range of puppy vaccinations will be given by your veterinarian:

Vets usually give the parvo shot as part of a combination vaccine that often includes distemper, canine adenovirus, and parainfluenza vaccines. These vaccines are given every three to four weeks from six weeks of age until at least 16 weeks of age.

If you do not have an early vaccination record for your pet, bring your pup to receive a dose of canine parvovirus vaccine between 14 and 16 weeks of age to develop adequate viral protection.

Booster shots are recommended one year later and then again every three years for the life of your dog.

To protect all adult dogs, pet owners should ensure their dog’s parvovirus vaccination is up to date.

What is the treatment for parvo?

Intensive care is administered by a veterinarian to combat dehydration by replacing electrolyte, protein, and fluid losses, controlling vomiting and diarrhea, and preventing secondary infections. Sick dogs are kept warm and cared for at the vet clinic or veterinary clinic. Because parvovirus is highly contagious, any infected dog is isolated to minimize the spread of infection.

Proper cleaning and disinfection of contaminated bedding, cages, kennels, and other areas where infected dogs are housed is essential to control the spread of parvo. Your veterinarian will give you specific advice on cleaning and disinfecting products for your home.

Do you have a new puppy or a dog that is new to you? Now is a perfect time to get checked out and vaccinated, including against canine parvovirus. Call, text or request an appointment online and let us help keep your dog healthy and happy!

Although proper vaccination has significantly reduced the incidence of canine parvovirus (CPV), it is still one of the leading causes of death in puppies and young dogs. Being able to recognize the signs of parvo is important in order to take the necessary steps to help your pup.

What is parvo (parvovirus)?

There are two types of canine parvovirus, with the intestinal variant being the most common. This form of the disease severely limits the animal’s ability to absorb nutrients and water through the intestinal wall, often leaving the dog’s body in a state of extreme malnutrition and dehydration. There is also a cardiac variant of the parvovirus that attacks the dog’s heart muscle, often resulting in sudden death.

Young puppies have underdeveloped immune systems, making them more susceptible to contracting both strains and also meaning they have a harder time fighting off the disease. Young dogs and puppies who develop parvo often go into shock and die suddenly.

We cannot stress enough the seriousness of this condition and the importance of seeking immediate medical attention if you suspect your dog has contracted the virus. If your dog is showing signs of parvo, don’t hesitate to take him to your vet. It can mean the difference between life and death.

What are the signs of parvo?

Dogs infected with intestinal parvo typically suffer from:

Vomit

lethargy

bloody diarrhea

loss of appetite

weight loss

Cardiac parvovirus is far less common and puppies can die suddenly without warning or after a short period of trouble breathing.

parvo diagnosis

Parvo is diagnosed by physical examination and the animal’s medical history and any combination of the following:

biochemical tests

blood test

Parvo antigen test

Typically, a blood profile and complete blood count and complete blood count are used to determine infection. A dog’s bloody diarrhea typically indicates CPV infection with a low white blood cell count consistent with viral infection. Urinalysis and biochemical tests usually show electrolyte imbalances and elevated liver enzymes.

In addition, ultrasound can show enlarged lymph nodes and fluid-filled sections of the bowel, while an X-ray can show a bowel obstruction.

It is important that you provide the veterinarian with an accurate medical history, including your pet’s activities, health and symptoms. A stool or vomit sample offers them an additional opportunity to microscopically detect the virus.

How is canine parvovirus transmitted?

One of the best ways to help your dog avoid contracting parvo is to understand how the virus is transmitted. The most common way for a dog to become infected with parvo is through contact with an infected dog or its feces. In the latter scenario, the dog typically inhales the virus after sniffing the feces of an infected animal. This can occur even in very old feces, as evidence suggests the virus can live in the soil for several years.

How to prevent Canine Parvovirus

It’s important to understand how to avoid exposure and prevent contraction of parvo in your pup.

vaccination

The best way to help your dog stay free of parvo is to vaccinate it early and regularly. Puppies should be vaccinated against parvo at 6, 9, 12, 16 and 20 weeks of age. There is a vaccination schedule that puppies should adhere to. For more information on vaccinations, see Dog vaccinations: everything you need to know.

It should be noted that when your pup visits the vet, you should carry them and always hold them in your arms or lap to prevent exposure to parvo and other harmful germs that may be on the floor. (More information on the CCSPCA’s low cost vaccinations can be found here.)

Limit puppies outdoors

Puppies don’t have the immune systems of older dogs and tend to pick up Parvo more easily. Avoid dog parks and other high dog traffic areas until your puppy is 5 months old or at least 2 weeks after their last puppy parvo vaccination at 20 weeks. If your breed is at a higher risk of parvo (Rottweiler, Doberman Pinscher, Pitbull, Labrador Retriever, German Shepherd, English Springer Spaniel, and Alaskan Husky), you may want to wait even longer to expose your dog to these environments.

Avoid cross contamination

Parvo is often transferred to the bottom of shoes after stepping into a contaminated environment. If you suspect you have been exposed to the virus, wash the affected area with household bleach.

parvo treatment

The canine parvovirus acts quickly and extremely weakens the dog’s natural defense systems. Treatment must begin early in the infection process and immediately after symptoms appear.

Unfortunately, there is no cure for canine parvovirus. Your vet will work to manage the symptoms and prevent secondary bacterial infections. They will usually treat your dog in the hospital with a focus on helping the systems that have been attacked by the virus. You’ll receive intravenous fluid and nutritional therapy to keep proteins, electrolytes, and other important factors closer to normal levels. This allows the dog’s body to fight the virus itself more effectively and has more time to do so.

Antibiotic medications are used to help the dog’s body fight off secondary infections. Other medications can be used to counteract nausea and vomiting and any parasites they may have contracted.

About 70 percent of dogs survive a parvo infection. Those who die are usually victims of severe dehydration, a secondary bacterial infection, or even an intestinal hemorrhage. The survival rate of young puppies is lower, again due to their underdeveloped immune systems and the shock the virus inflicts on their bodies.

Post parvo infection and management

CPV will have taken its toll on any dog ​​and recovery can be a lengthy process. Their immune systems remain weakened, making them more susceptible to other diseases. Discuss ways to boost your dog’s immune system with your vet to help him recover as quickly as possible.

They are also at risk of infecting other dogs for 2 months or more after they recover. You should prevent them from socializing with other dogs and talk to neighbors and other nearby dog ​​owners about the importance of getting vaccinated against Parvo. Wash all items your dog comes into contact with with a non-toxic detergent (such as a 1:10 dilution of bleach) as well.

Bedding, stuffed animals and blankets should be cleaned in a washing machine with soap and bleach, using a hot dryer to complete the process and remove any residual virus. You should also bathe your dog thoroughly after recovery to remove any remaining virus that may be on his coat. After making a full recovery, your dog will have developed a strong immunity to CPV, but there is no guarantee that he will not contract the virus in the future.

Parvo is one of the most serious diseases to know about in your dog. This is especially true if you have a new puppy. As always, be vigilant and if you notice any signs of parvo, don’t hesitate to see your veterinarian.

Parvovirus is a scary disease that typically affects unvaccinated puppies. It’s highly contagious. So if your dog is diagnosed with this virus, you should thoroughly disinfect your home before he returns.

What is parvovirus?

Canine Parvovirus is a viral infection that causes severe gastrointestinal symptoms in dogs. It most commonly infects young puppies since they are not yet fully vaccinated, but it can also infect unvaccinated adult dogs that are exposed to it. It is passed orally between dogs, so a dog must ingest the microscopic virus to become infected. After ingestion, the virus enters the cells of the intestine, lymph nodes and even the bone marrow.

Parvovirus can also be referred to as “parvo” and causes vomiting, bloody diarrhea, decreased activity and loss of appetite.

Treatments vary depending on the severity of symptoms and recommendations from the veterinarian examining the dog with parvo. IV fluids to prevent dehydration are most commonly used in addition to antibiotics to treat the secondary infection caused by the virus. Probiotics, prebiotics, assisted feeding, vitamins, anti-nausea medications, dextrose, electrolytes, and other therapies may also be recommended by your veterinarian.

Dogs with parvo are often hospitalized for treatment, so fighting this disease can be expensive. Survival rates range from 70 to 90 percent with prompt and proper treatment, but this infection is often fatal without treatment.

How can you prevent parvovirus?

Following your vet’s recommendations to vaccinate your dog against parvovirus is the best thing you can do to prevent parvovirus. This usually consists of multiple vaccinations several weeks apart.

If your puppy or adult dog has not received all vaccinations, keep him away from other dogs and dog-common environments until he is fully vaccinated. This includes places like dog parks, pet shops, and dog groomers. If you had a dog with parvovirus before having a new puppy, be sure to follow recommended disinfection protocols in your home to prevent your puppy from becoming infected.

What Cleaners Kill Parvovirus?

Luckily, there are cleaners that will kill parvoviruses in your home. Without proper disinfection, the virus can live in the environment for up to three months, so you’ll want to make sure you clean your dog’s food and water bowls, bed, toys, and other items he may lick or put in his mouth , clean properly .

The best thing you can use to kill parvovirus is a bleach solution. Mix 1 part bleach with 30 parts water and allow the item to be in contact with this solution for 10-15 minutes before rinsing thoroughly with water. Dishes and toys can be soaked in this solution, and beds, stuffed animals, blankets, and other washable items can be machine washed with hot water and bleach.

Other cleaning products have also been shown to be effective in killing parvoviruses, but are not as inexpensive or readily available to pet owners as bleach. Wysiwash®, Bruclean®, Rescue® and Trifectant® are just a few of these products.

Outdoor areas should be thoroughly cleaned of all feces and hosed down. The yard should then dry out before another dog uses it. Sunlight and air drying help limit the survival time of the virus. If you can get a product like Rescue®, you can also spray it on the areas where the dog with parvovirus was common.

Tips for disinfecting your home after parvovirus

If you can’t clean an item with a cleaner that’s known to kill parvovirus, it’s better to dispose of it than risk it infecting another dog. This is especially true for items that are likely to contain fecal residue.

For large items like sofas, rugs, or carpets, steam cleaners are a good option, although a parvovirus-killing cleaner cannot be used. Just make sure you clean and dry everything as thoroughly as possible before another dog uses it.

If you’re still concerned that you might not have disinfected your home well enough to welcome an unvaccinated dog into it, wait a year for the virus to die off naturally.

Has your dog recently been diagnosed with parvo? You may also notice that your dog is vomiting and has diarrhea. These are both common signs that your dog might have parvo.

If your puppy has parvo, it’s best to see your veterinarian for medication. Severe cases may need to remain at the veterinary clinic for treatment.

Although this can be a life-threatening condition, many survive with the appropriate treatment and care.

How Parvo Virus Affects Puppies

Parvo is a gastrointestinal virus found in unvaccinated puppies. This is commonly seen in dogs that come from an animal shelter. The parvovirus attacks your pup’s intestinal lining, causing the intestines to die and detach.

The signs of parvo in puppies are varied. Most puppies that have parvo will have the following signs:

Vomit

bloody diarrhea

lethargy

loss of appetite

dehydration

If you notice any of these signs in your pup, it’s best for your dog to see your veterinarian right away. The sooner you start treating a dog for parvo, the better the outcome.

What Does Parvo Poop Look Like?

Many dogs with parvo have bloody diarrhea. The exact appearance of the feces will vary between each dog and the severity of parvo in your dog.

In the early stages, your puppy may not have any blood in their stool, just yellowish-brown stools.

As parvo progresses, your puppy’s stools may be a dark red or light red in color. The dark red color is digested blood and means the blood is coming from higher in the gut, while the light red blood is undigested blood and is coming from deeper in the intestinal tract, such as the colon.

What does parvo poop smell like?

Parvo poop has a very strong, distinctive odor. This feces contains the dead intestinal lining mixed with blood, which is why a puppy with parvo will have very bad smelling feces.

Because the parvovirus damages the gut, your pup is also unable to properly absorb nutrients from their food. This food also passes out half-digested and contributes to the very horrible smelling feces.

Many people think that parvo poop smells like raw rotting meat. This is due to the blood and dead intestinal lining that passes out in your pup’s feces. This is an odor that is very easy to spot once you smell it.

Diagnosing parvo in puppies

Parvo can be diagnosed quickly and easily in puppies with a simple test from your veterinarian. They take a small swab from your dog’s rectum and do a test to see if your dog has parvo.

Your vet will usually get the results within 10 minutes, sometimes sooner if they are very ill. In many cases, your vet can give you a good guess as to whether or not they think your dog has parvo based on examining and smelling their diarrhea.

Treatment of parvo in puppies

Depending on when you notice the first signs and how severe your dog’s symptoms are, he may need to be hospitalized with IV fluids and injectable medications.

Your vet will keep them in the hospital and provide supportive care until they are able to eat on their own and stop throwing up. It may take a few days for them to get better.

Once they are able to go home, they may still need to take medication and receive supportive care until they are back to normal. Mild cases of parvo can often recover at home with supportive care.

Treatment at home for parvo

If your dog has parvo, there are a few things you can do at home to help. Giving them food and water will keep them hydrated.

Splashing your dog’s water and food when he’s not eating is best. If they’re still vomiting and have diarrhea, your vet can give you medication to help with both their vomiting and diarrhea.

Your vet may also give you antibiotics to prevent possible secondary infection.

The prognosis of parvo in dogs

Usually, with early and aggressive treatment, many dogs survive this disease. Some dogs are not so lucky and can die from parvovirus.

Parvovirus is a highly contagious disease that occurs in unvaccinated puppies. With the proper precautions and vaccinations, your puppy should not be able to get parvovirus from other animals.

Final Thoughts

When your dog has parvo, your dog’s feces will have a distinct appearance and smell. Parvokot is usually very bloody and has a very strong rotting meat odor that is very distinguishable.

A young, unvaccinated dog who is vomiting and has strong, fetid, bloody diarrhea is suspected of having parvo. Your veterinarian can test your dog for this disease quickly and easily.

The sooner you start treating your puppy and the more aggressive you are in treating this condition, the better the outcome.

Canine parvovirus (commonly referred to as parvo) is a highly contagious viral disease that can cause life-threatening illness in puppies and dogs. It can be transmitted by any person, animal, or object that comes in contact with an infected dog’s feces.

Puppies, juvenile dogs, and adult dogs that are not vaccinated are at risk of contracting the virus. Protecting your puppy or dog from parvovirus could save their life.

Keep your dog healthy and parvo-free with these 8 tips:

1. Make sure your dog is properly vaccinated.

Puppies should have their first vaccinations at 6-8 weeks of age; Booster shots should be given at 3 week intervals until the puppy is 16 weeks old and then again at one year of age. Adult dogs that have already been vaccinated will need booster shots every year. Visit The Animal Foundation’s Low-Cost Vet Clinic For Affordable Dog Vaccines Administered Seven Days A Week – No Appointment Needed!

2. Limit your puppy or unvaccinated dog’s contact with other dogs.

Wait until your dog has had his first two vaccinations unless you are sure the other dogs are fully vaccinated.

3. Avoid places where your puppy or unvaccinated dog could be exposed to unvaccinated dog parvovirus.

Dog parks, pet stores, playgroups, and other public areas should be avoided until your dog or puppy is fully vaccinated.

4. When in doubt, play it safe.

Parvo can live in the ground, in the grass, on bushes – pretty much anywhere (although it’s not an airborne virus). Preventing disease is always less costly (and risky) than treating a disease your pet has developed. Treatments for parvovirus can often cost $1,000 or more, while the DA2PPV canine vaccine, which includes protection against parvovirus, is only $25 at our low-cost veterinary clinic.

4. When visiting your vet for wellness checks and vaccinations, carry your pup outside in your arms and leave him on your lap while you wait in the lobby.

Walking where other dogs have walked and gone to the bathroom increases your pup’s risk of contracting diseases.

5. Parvovirus is very difficult to kill and can survive in the environment for over a year.

If you suspect your home or yard is infected, clean with a 1:32 dilution of bleach (1/2 cup of bleach to a gallon of water). Regular soaps and sanitizers will NOT kill parvovirus. Areas that cannot be cleaned with bleach may remain contaminated. Keep in mind that the virus can survive on a variety of items, including food bowls, shoes, clothing, carpets, and floors.

6. If you work or spend time in places where you will be in contact with dogs, change your clothes and shoes before returning home to your dog or puppy.

Be sure to wash your hands and other exposed skin.

7. If your dog or puppy is vomiting, has diarrhea, is not eating, or is lethargic, you should take them to the vet as soon as possible.

These are all symptoms of parvovirus. Remember that infected dogs can only show one symptom!

8. Don’t forget to vaccinate your dog regularly!

Adult dogs can also contract the disease if they are not vaccinated. A dog whose immune system is weakened (due to another medical condition) is also at risk for parvo.

For more information on canine parvovirus, see the American Veterinary Medical Association.

The Animal Foundation’s Low-Cost Vet Clinic offers inexpensive puppy and dog vaccines, including the parvovirus vaccines.

The year was 1980 and I was working as a veterinary assistant for my local vet. Suddenly we saw a large number of puppies coming to the hospital appallingly ill with symptoms such as vomiting, severe lethargy and bloody diarrhea. Canine Parvovirus (CPV-2) had reached our small rural town.

It was incredibly scary. Dozens of our furry friends died before our eyes and there seemed little we could do. Most puppies under five months old and about two to three percent of older dogs died from CPV-2 when it first emerged. The feces of dogs infected with the disease have a distinct odor and that memory is ingrained in my olfactory system. I also remember that bleach seemed to have become my personal scent, and I had a closet in the garage so I could change before heading into my own house after a day at the vet clinic.

What is parvovirus?

The canine parvovirus – CPV-2, better known as “parvo” – is an extremely virulent pathogen of domestic and wild canids that first appeared in Europe around 1976. It is a tiny (parvo means “small” in Latin), round, non-enveloped, single-stranded DNA virus that was determined by phylogenetic analysis to descend from a single ancestor sometime in the mid-1970s. It is thought to have evolved as a mutant variant of the long-known feline panleukopenia virus (FPV) that infects cats, mink and raccoons (but not canines or cultured canine cells) and spread via non-native carnivores such as mink and foxes. CPV-2 and all of its known variants (CPV-2a, CPV-2b, and CPV-2c) are highly infectious and cause acute hemorrhagic gastroenteritis (bloody diarrhea). They can also cause myocarditis (inflammation of the myocardium, the middle layer of the heart wall).

Parvo quickly spread worldwide; The virus is extremely robust and easily transmissible, and dogs were not immune to the new disease, causing a pandemic in the late 1970s and early 1980s. Within a few years, however, intense collaborative research led to the development of effective vaccines (allowing for prevention) and treatments that resulted in survival and culminated in disease control. Today, parvo is almost unknown in areas where most dogs are vaccinated, but remains a scourge in areas with low vaccination compliance.

Dog Breeds Susceptible to Parvovirus

CPV-2 infection occurs worldwide in domestic dogs and other members of the canine family (fox, wolf, coyote), but there is no evidence that it is zoonotic (transmissible to humans).

All dogs are susceptible, but some breeds, particularly Rottweilers, Labrador Retrievers, English Springer Spaniels, American Staffordshire Terriers, Doberman Pinschers, Alaskan Sled Dogs and German Shepherds have been described as being at an increased risk of contracting the virus . The Koret Shelter Medicine Program at the University of California, Davis suggests that “these breed propensities are likely to evolve and change over time as a result of natural selection against susceptible lines, and no breed should be considered more or less susceptible than another.” be accepted.”

However, according to one of the world’s leading canine vaccine researchers, Ronald D. Schultz, PhD, professor and chair of the Department of Pathobiological Sciences at the University of Wisconsin-Madison, there are breeds (notably Rottweilers and Doberman Pinschers) that respond less reliably to vaccinations and in particular the CPV-2 vaccine. This underscores the importance and value of confirming that your dog has been successfully immunized by performing a vaccine titer test after the last of their puppy vaccines have been administered. (More on that below.)

The virus can affect dogs of all ages, but it is most common and severe in puppies between the ages of six weeks and six months. If a puppy receives CPV-2 antibodies from its mother via colostrum intake, it should be protected from infection for the first few weeks of life; susceptibility increases as these maternal antibodies wane. All unvaccinated dogs and incompletely immunized dogs are also very susceptible. Adult dogs that develop the disease generally respond better to treatment than puppies, but if a dog is on steroids, immunosuppressive medications, or is in any way immunocompromised, they may be at a higher risk of dying from the disease.

The incidence of CPV-2 infection (as well as other infectious diseases) is higher in areas where there are large numbers of dogs, such as B. Animal shelters, dog shows, pet shops, kennels and boarding houses/training facilities.

How is parvovirus spread?

Canine Parvovirus is highly contagious. The virus is present in concentrated form in the dog’s feces. Infected dogs can shed the virus in their stool within four to five days of exposure (which may be before clinical signs of the disease appear). Her stools will also be laden with the virus throughout the duration of her illness and for about 10 to 14 days after clinical recovery. Once exposed, unprotected dogs generally show signs of infection within three to 14 days, with an average of five to seven days.

Parvovirus infection causes severe diarrhea — and so anything that comes in contact with that stool can spread the virus. An unvaccinated dog sniffing infected stool, the hindquarters of an infected dog (the virus will be all over the dog’s hindquarters), or even a shoe that stepped on part of the infected stool can become infected. The virus can “ride” on anything that might be exposed to an infected dog’s feces, including clothing, shoes or boots, dog toys, and kennel equipment (such as bedding, resting platforms, hoses, bowls, buckets, mops, etc.). wheelbarrows, etc.) can spread the disease.

Unprotected dogs can contract parvo year-round, but infection naturally seems to increase during the spring and summer months. It is more common in areas where vaccination of animals is not widespread.

Parvovirus symptoms and pathogenesis

CPV-2 infects and preferentially destroys the rapidly dividing cells of the gastrointestinal system, lymphoid tissue, and bone marrow. The virus enters a dog’s body through the mouth and begins attacking the tonsils, or lymph nodes, of the throat. The virus replicates in significant quantities in the lymph nodes and enters the bloodstream after a few days. Because CPV-2 requires rapidly dividing cells to successfully cause disease, it migrates to sites that contain these cells, primarily those in the bone marrow and gut system. When the virus infects the bone marrow, it destroys the new immune system cells (white blood cells), effectively shutting down the body’s best defense mechanism and making it harder to fight the infection.

It also appears to make it easier for the virus to enter the gastrointestinal tract, where the virus does severe damage. In the small intestine, the virus attacks the glands in the epithelial layer, where new cells are made to make up the villi, which are responsible for absorbing fluid and nutrients. The formation of new cells is prevented and the system becomes unable to absorb nutrients, leading to diarrhea and nausea. The gut lining can become so damaged that it breaks down, allowing the digestive bacteria normally confined to the gut to pass through the gut walls and into the bloodstream, causing dehydration and widespread infections.

At this point in an infection, it is difficult for the body to fight the infection because the virus has already damaged the immune system. Canine parvovirus is not always fatal, but death can result from either the septic conditions caused by the gut bacteria in the bloodstream or from dehydration and shock.

Clinical signs of CPV-2 infection generally include a rapid onset of anorexia, vomiting, extreme lethargy, depression, diarrhea (often severe and bloody), and dehydration. In addition, the abdomen may be tender or painful and may appear bloated, the heart may be beating rapidly, the gums and the whites of the eyes may become noticeably red. When CPV-2 first appears, the temperature rises slightly but gradually falls below normal as the disease progresses, and the affected dog often develops hypothermia.

Dogs quickly become weak and dehydrated due to damage to the intestinal tract and inability to absorb nutrients and fluids. Severely affected dogs may be in a collapsed state with prolonged capillary refill time, poor pulse quality, and/or tachycardia. Laboratory tests may show evidence of leukopenia and neutropenia (low white blood cell counts). Most deaths from CPV-2 occur within 48 to 72 hours after the onset of clinical symptoms; early treatment is crucial.

Parvo Diagnosis in Dogs

In most cases, the diagnosis of CPV-2 is fairly straightforward; A tentative diagnosis can often be made based on the dog’s history, clinical signs, physical examination, and laboratory tests (eg, white blood cell count). Sudden vomiting and bloody diarrhea is highly suspect in susceptible dogs.

Fecal tests confirm the diagnosis. The most common tests used in the hospital to detect viral antigens, such as B. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). These tests use the same type of technology as home pregnancy tests and are said to be fairly accurate and sensitive to recent strains of the virus and can be completed with results in under 15 minutes. However, there are some limitations to the test. Results may be skewed by recent vaccination with a live vaccine, with a positive reading being indicated by detection of live virus from the vaccine rather than CPV-2 infection.

The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) test is another fecal-based test that can be used to detect the virus; It is very accurate but requires a sample to be sent to a lab, which can take valuable time. Sometimes more than one type of test may be needed to get an optimal diagnosis.

parvovirus treatment

Treatment options depend on the patient’s medical condition and also on the owner’s ability to pay. Optimal care can be expensive and is most effectively performed at a veterinary clinic that offers 24-hour care. Aggressive treatment protocols involve supportive care and treating symptoms until the dog’s immune system recovers, usually for two to seven days. There are no drugs available that can kill the CPV-2 virus, but prompt supportive care is crucial to save the dog’s life.

The basic treatment protocol includes prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics, steroids, and antiemetic drugs (to stop vomiting), and restoration of fluid, electrolyte, and metabolic abnormalities primarily through intravenous therapy. Patients also need to be kept warm, clean, and comfortable.

Patients should also be monitored for the development of hypokalemia (dangerously low levels of potassium) and hypoglycemia (low blood sugar). In severe cases, blood transfusions may be warranted to increase low blood cell counts due to bone marrow infection. Recent evidence suggests that early patient enteral feeding (tube feeding) is associated with faster clinical improvement, weight gain, and improved gut barrier function. When vomiting has stopped for 12 to 24 hours, it is recommended to gradually reintroduce water and a bland, easily digested, low-fat diet.

CPV-2 can be fatal even with aggressive treatment. The disease is most severe in younger puppies, especially those under 12 weeks of age, and most puppies usually die without veterinary intervention. Successful outcomes require early diagnosis and treatment. If a dog survives the first three to four days, it will usually recover quickly (usually within a week) and become immune to the virus for life.

Read Canine Parvovirus Vaccine Symptoms and Treatment for a more detailed look at how parvo is treated.

Home Treatment for Parvo

The gold standard of treating dogs or puppies infected with parvovirus can be expensive, and all too often, owners who are given the worst-case cost estimate for this treatment choose to have their canine companion euthanized because they are the Funds are lacking to pay these estimated costs. In theory, the treatment that parvo sufferers need to recover is not expensive in and of itself; The biggest contributor to the expense is the amount of time and attention required to nurse the animal through the disease.

To try to save lives by preventing “economic euthanasia,” researchers at Colorado State University’s College of Veterinary Medicine and Biomedical Sciences Veterinary Teaching Hospital developed a protocol that could be made available to highly motivated owners who wanted a second option: a chance to care for the patient at home.

Their protocol is intended to be conducted under the supervision of a veterinarian and requires constant communication with and supervision by a willing veterinarian. The owner must administer subcutaneous fluids and other injections, monitor the patient’s body temperature and keep them extra warm, provide necessary nutrition by syringe-feeding a high-calorie canned food, and be alert for changes in the patient’s condition, which may require a return to the vet for lab tests and additional medication.

In a study comparing the protocol’s effectiveness to conventional gold-standard treatment, CSU researchers found that 80 percent of patients treated with the home care protocol recovered, compared to 90 percent of conventionally treated patients.

For more information, see New Home Treatment for Parvo May Prevent ‘Economic Euthanasia’, WDJ November 2013. Here is a link to the State of Colorado’s home treatment protocol.

Controlling a parvo-free environment

The CPV-2 virus is extraordinarily robust; It can remain viable outside of its canine host for months, maybe even years. The virus survives winter, freezing temperatures and is resistant to most household cleaning products. An infected dog can shed 35 million virus particles in one ounce of feces; A typical infectious dose for an unvaccinated dog is as little as 1,000 virus particles. This makes it very difficult to disinfect an area after it has been exposed.

Dogs with confirmed or suspected canine parvovirus should be isolated to prevent transmission of the disease to other susceptible dogs and to limit environmental exposure. Only fully vaccinated older puppies and adult dogs should be exposed to the home environment of a dog recently diagnosed with CPV-2. Puppies, in particular, should not come into contact with other dogs’ feces, as this is a major vector for transmission of CPV-2.

Contaminated environments must be disinfected through repeated cleaning to remove all organic debris and dirt along with the virus, followed by the use of disinfectants with proven efficacy. An effective choice is household bleach (5 percent sodium hypochlorite) with 1/2 cup per gallon of water (1:32 dilution). Like all disinfectants, bleach needs to be stored and used properly to be effective. Bleach is an acceptable method for cleaning all interior areas, surfaces, and appliances (including bowls and beds). Avoid using mops for cleaning.

Wash clothes, bedding, towels, etc. in hot water with detergent and bleach. Avoid overloading the washing machine and use a tumble dryer instead of hanging the laundry to dry. Make sure all items that have come into contact with an infected dog have been disposed of or disinfected.

Parvovirus Prevention

Because CPV-2 can be found anywhere infected dogs have been, the cornerstone of protecting your dog from the disease is vaccination. Since the vaccine was developed, the incidence of infection has fallen sharply. A single modified live vaccine can provide protection within three to five days. Although parvoviruses are evolving, vaccination appears to provide reliable protection against all known strains.

As with other canine infectious diseases, puppies from immunized mothers are protected by maternal antibodies acquired through the colostrum. However, this natural protection can pose a problem in prevention, as puppies can become susceptible between the time maternal antibodies wane and the time the vaccine is administered. A high rate of infection has been reported in puppies older than six weeks, around the time maternal protection begins to wear off in most puppies.

Most cases of CPV-2 infection occur in unvaccinated or partially vaccinated puppies. Because of this, until puppies are fully immunized, they should be given very limited exposure to public places and not be taken to areas where large numbers of dogs congregate or are exercised. Until their immunizations are complete, puppies should never be taken to dog parks or pet supply stores.

The age at which puppies receive their first vaccination (and subsequent vaccinations) varies widely depending on their environment. Shelters typically vaccinate all puppies for four weeks upon admission to the shelter and at least every three weeks thereafter until the puppies are older than 16 to 18 weeks. An experienced breeder with superior control over their dogs’ surroundings and visitors may wait until a puppy is eight weeks or older and only vaccinate twice, with the last vaccination given after the puppy is 18 weeks old. The aim is to give the vaccine as soon as possible after the pup’s maternal antibodies have subsided and as it is impossible to predict exactly when this might happen, the vaccinations are repeated until the latest possible time when the maternal Antibodies could potentially interfere with immunization.

Adult dogs over one year usually only need one vaccination. A vaccine titer test done at least three weeks after the dog or puppy was last vaccinated can confirm if the dog has developed protective antibodies.

Dogs that have been infected with CPV-2 and have survived tend to be antigenically stable (immune to further infection).

See “Puppy Vaccines: Why Your Puppy Needs So Many Vaccinations” in the October 2016 issue for more information on the number and timing of vaccinations needed to protect puppies from Parvo and other diseases.

parvo prognosis

Today, survival rates for quickly diagnosed and appropriately treated dogs after CPV-2 infection range from 75 to 90 percent. In untreated dogs, the mortality rate often exceeds 90 percent. Note that these are averages and individual morbidity and mortality rates will vary depending on the dog’s age, severity of infection, co-existing health conditions and the speed with which the disease was diagnosed and treated.

Local animal shelters and veterinarians can give you information about parvovirus outbreaks and the prevalence of the disease in your community. Oftentimes, shelter workers know specific neighborhoods where parvo is particularly endemic.

Pixel: A Tiny Parvo Success Story

Two years ago I was helping my sister nurture and care for a young puppy who recovered from Parvo and came from the shelter where she worked as a Registered Veterinary Technician. This puppy came to the shelter with a female and two other puppies. All puppies appeared to be littermates, approximately five weeks old. Based on clinical signs, they were suspected to be infected with parvovirus; a SNAP test confirmed that two of the puppies were positive.

The pups with parvo were isolated, treated, and survived, but the smallest female, all 2.2 pounds of her (up from 3.5 pounds on admission), suffered from complications of maldigestion, malabsorption, anemia, and hypoglycemia. The disease had wreaked havoc on her tiny digestive tract and was a problem for days. The little pup could barely stand and when she did he was in a hunched over position. Also, her body couldn’t maintain a normal temperature, so when she wasn’t curled up with my Border Collie, she had a special heating disc to keep her warm.

When she finally developed an interest in food, finding something she would eat more than once was a challenge—and when she did, the food often looked like it came in. My sister took care of her constantly and love, and happily she recovered.

At that point, this patch of a pup got her name—pixel—and her permanent home (with my sister, of course). Today she eats hungrily as if to make up for lost time and has no side effects from her serious illness.

Barbara Dobbins, a former dog trainer, writes about dogs and studies dog ethology. She lives in the San Francisco Bay Area with her new puppy, Tico.

What Every Pet Parent Needs to Know to Prevent Parvo

Canine Parvovirus (CPV) is most commonly referred to as parvo. It is a highly contagious and aggressive virus that causes infectious gastrointestinal (GI) disease and, in some cases, can cause lifelong damage to the heart muscle. The most common form of CPV is intestinal and causes many uncomfortable and even dangerous symptoms, often requiring hospitalization and 24-hour monitoring. Parvovirus can also be deadly for your pet.

Where does parvo in dogs come from and how to catch it

Parvovirus is transmitted from dog to dog through direct or indirect contact with feces. This means your dog can get parvo from eating an infected dog’s feces or simply sniffing the hindquarters of an infected dog! Keeping pets away from poop and always picking up and disposing of their poop is good manners and helps prevent the spread of potential diseases. Make sure your pets are up to date on all shots before exposing them to other dogs.

How to prevent parvo in puppies

Puppies, growing dogs, and dogs that are unvaccinated are most susceptible to the virus. Parvo can be particularly tough on puppies who have not yet been vaccinated, as their immune systems are not yet fully developed. Make sure your pup is up to date on all of their shots before exposing them to other dogs. Puppies will need to undergo a series of vaccinations and booster shots during their first year of life. Puppy shots usually start between 6 and 8 weeks of age to encourage the development of their immune system. Additional vaccinations and booster shots are required every 3-4 weeks until the puppy is 16-20 weeks old. The vaccination schedule is not the same for every puppy, so consult your veterinarian.

What is the first symptom of parvo?

Lethargy is a common baseline symptom, but it can indicate any number of health issues, so you need to be on the lookout for other symptoms. Dogs infected with parvovirus often experience profuse vomiting, loss of appetite, and foul-smelling or bloody diarrhea. If you notice these or other symptoms, seek immediate veterinary care for your pet.

What do dog vaccinations prevent?

Vaccinations are vital to the health of pets. According to ASPCA:

“Vaccines help prevent many diseases that affect pets. Vaccinating your pet has long been recognized as one of the easiest ways to help them live a long, healthy life.”

The core vaccines recommended for dogs include:

DHPP Vaccine – This vaccine is used to protect your pet from 4 potentially fatal but preventable diseases (distemper, hepatitis, parainfluenza and parvo).

Bordetella vaccine – Bordetella is one of the most common causes of kennel cough/dog cough (infectious tracheobronchitis). The vaccine is also required by most snow groomers and boarding facilities.

Rabies Vaccine – A vaccine that is required by law because of the risk to humans. Although rabies is rare, it can be fatal, so get your dog vaccinated.

Want to learn more about core vaccinations and other vaccines that may be recommended for your dog? Visit our blog to learn more.

Now that you understand the importance of preventing parvovirus, here’s what we can help you with. Each of the AZPetVet locations offer affordable puppy vaccination packages. Do you have an adult dog? Be sure to ask about our Free Vaccines for Life program, designed specifically for adult animals. After a one-time registration fee, your pet’s core vaccines are free for the rest of their life. All you have to do to maintain the benefits is take them to their annual checkup! Visit Free Vaccines for Life for more information on our program.

[DISCLAIMER] Not intended as a substitute for professional veterinary advice, diagnosis or treatment. Always consult your veterinarian if you have any questions about your pet’s health. If you think your pet is having a medical emergency, call or visit your veterinarian or your local emergency veterinary hospital immediately.

Canine parvovirus is a highly contagious virus that can affect all dogs, but unvaccinated dogs and puppies younger than four months are most at risk. Dogs that contract canine parvovirus infection are often referred to as “parvo.” The virus affects the gastrointestinal tract of dogs and is transmitted through direct dog-to-dog contact and through contact with contaminated feces (stool), environments, or people. The virus can also contaminate kennel surfaces, food and water bowls, collars and leashes, and the hands and clothing of people who handle infected dogs. Resistant to heat, cold, moisture and dehydration, it can survive in the environment for a long time. Even trace amounts of feces from an infected dog can harbor the virus and infect other dogs that come into the infected environment. The virus is easily transmitted from place to place via dogs’ hair or feet, or via contaminated cages, shoes, or other objects.

Tank, a parvovirus survivor.

Signs of parvovirus

Some of the signs of parvovirus are lethargy; loss of appetite; abdominal pain and bloating; fever or low body temperature (hypothermia); Vomit; and severe, often bloody, diarrhea. Persistent vomiting and diarrhea can cause rapid dehydration, and damage to the gut and immune system can cause septic shock.

If your puppy or dog shows any of these signs, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

Most parvovirus deaths occur within 48 to 72 hours of the onset of clinical symptoms. If your puppy or dog shows any of these signs, you should contact your veterinarian immediately.

diagnosis and treatment

Parvovirus infection is often suspected based on the dog’s history, physical examination, and laboratory tests. Fecal testing can confirm the diagnosis.

There is no specific drug available that kills the virus in infected dogs, and treatment is designed to support the dog’s body systems until the dog’s immune system can fight off the viral infection. Treatment should be started immediately and consists primarily of intensive care efforts to control dehydration by replacing electrolyte, protein, and fluid losses, to control vomiting and diarrhea, and to prevent secondary infections. Sick dogs should be kept warm and well cared for. If a dog develops parvo, treatment can be very expensive and the dog can die despite aggressive treatment. Early detection and aggressive treatment are very important for successful outcomes. With proper treatment, survival rates can reach 90%.

Because parvovirus is highly contagious, isolation of infected dogs is necessary to minimize the spread of infection. Proper cleaning and disinfection of contaminated kennels and other areas where infected dogs are (or have been) housed is essential to contain the spread of parvovirus. The virus is not easy to kill, so ask your veterinarian for specific instructions on cleaning and disinfecting products.

prevent parvovirus

Vaccinations and good hygiene are important components of prevention.

Young puppies are very susceptible to infection, particularly because the natural immunity of mother’s milk can drop before the puppies’ own immune systems are mature enough to fight off infection. If a puppy is exposed to canine parvovirus during this gap in protection, it can become ill. An additional concern is that the immunity provided by breast milk may interfere with an effective response to vaccination. This means that even vaccinated puppies can occasionally become infected with the parvovirus and develop disease. To close protection gaps and provide the best protection against parvovirus in the first few months of life, a series of puppy vaccinations are given. Puppies should receive a dose of canine parvovirus vaccine between 14 and 16 weeks of age, regardless of how many doses they have previously received, in order to develop adequate protection.

To protect their adult dogs, pet owners should ensure their dog’s parvovirus vaccination is up to date. Titers are available that measure the dog’s level of antibodies to canine parvovirus, but the level of antibodies may not directly confer protection if the dog is exposed to the virus. Ask your veterinarian for a recommended prevention program for your dog.

Until a puppy has had its full vaccination series, pet owners should exercise caution when bringing their pet to places where young puppies will be (e.g., reputable facilities and training programs reduce the risk of exposure by promoting immunizations, health screening, good hygiene, and isolation of sick puppies and dogs Contact with known infected dogs and their premises should be avoided at all times.

Despite proper vaccination, a small percentage of dogs fail to develop protective immunity and remain susceptible to infection.

Finally, do not let your puppy or adult dog come into contact with other dogs’ feces when walking or playing outdoors. Prompt and proper disposal of waste material is always advisable to limit the spread of canine parvovirus infection as well as other diseases that can infect humans and animals.

Dogs with vomiting or diarrhea, or other dogs that have been exposed to sick dogs, should not be brought into kennels, showgrounds, dog parks, or other areas where they will come into contact with other dogs. Likewise, unvaccinated dogs should not be brought into contact with sick dogs or dogs with unknown vaccination history. People who have contact with sick or exposed dogs should avoid handling other dogs or at least wash their hands and change their clothes beforehand.

Related resource

Canine Parvovirus Type 2c FAQ

The content of this page is an abridged version of our Canine Parvovirus brochure, which is available in English and Spanish.

If you’ve had a puppy before, or are considering getting one in the future, chances are you’ve heard of Parvo and been warned about it. Parvo gets a lot of talk about it and while you may have heard about it you may be wondering what the symptoms of parvo in dogs are and how you can treat it.

Canine Parvovirus, often referred to as parvo, is a highly contagious virus that commonly affects puppies. However, the disease can also pose a risk to unvaccinated adult dogs.

While parvo can be a life-threatening condition, knowing the prevention strategies, signs, and symptoms is key to ensuring your pup stays healthy and safe. Common symptoms and signs that your dog may have parvovirus can include diarrhea, lethargy, anorexia, fever, vomiting, depression, dehydration and, if left untreated, can lead to septic shock and death.

If you’re looking to ease the worries you have around your pup, you’ve come to the right place.

What is parvovirus?

Canine parvovirus is highly contagious and most commonly affects young puppies under four months of age and unvaccinated dogs.

Canine parvovirus is a relatively new virus in dogs, with some of the first cases and discussions of the disease dating back to the 1970s. The virus can be found in essentially any environment and lives in the soil for up to a year, but before you panic, a number of other causes can lead to a puppy actually contracting the virus, such as: B. your pet’s immune system.

When a dog gets parvovirus, they can be contagious within 4-5 days of the virus entering their system, often before the incubation period is complete and your dog begins to show signs and symptoms. Your puppy will remain contagious throughout the illness and for about 10 days after treatment.

Dogs can become infected with the virus by coming into oral or nasal contact with infected feces, or by coming into contact with Parvo-contaminated objects or an environment. The virus can remain viable in a contaminated environment for over 6 months and can be transmitted to many animals.1

8 signs of parvo in dogs

Signs that your dog has been infected with canine parvovirus usually show up about 5-7 days after your dog’s exposure to the disease, after the disease’s incubation period. Parvo can also show up within a broader range of 2-14 days.1

Parvo treatment is most effective when caught early. Here are some of the symptoms of parvo in dogs to look out for.

1. Diarrhea

One of the most common symptoms of parvo in dogs is diarrhea. Loose or abnormal bowel movements can be the result of many factors such as dietary changes or allergies, but it can be of particular concern in puppies. Diarrhea in unvaccinated puppies or adult dogs can be an indicator that they have contracted parvo. If you’re concerned your pup may be suffering from digestive issues and diarrhea, use the Purina Fecal Score to determine symptoms and better describe them to your veterinarian. After the exam, your veterinarian can determine if the symptom is due to parvo.

2. Lethargy

Parvovirus can also cause a drop in energy in your dog and lethargy can be a resultant symptom. If you’ve had an otherwise playful and active puppy that suddenly seemed less interested than usual, it may be a sign of an underlying health condition.

While it’s normal for your dog to take a nice long nap after an intense playtime, it’s always a good idea to describe the behavioral changes to your veterinarian if your dog shows signs of a significant drop in energy. Remember, lethargy doesn’t mean laziness! Lethargy in dogs looks more like a slower response to stimuli, atypical behavior, less interest in activities they otherwise enjoy (like walking), and lightheadedness.

3. Anorexia

It’s always concerning when you notice your pup’s diet declining or he doesn’t seem interested in eating at all. Dogs need a lot of nutrients, especially growing puppies, and a puppy that doesn’t eat can result in significant weight loss or anorexia.

Parvovirus affects your puppy’s gastrointestinal system, making it difficult for him to eat and keep food down, but there are many factors that can contribute to your puppy not eating so it’s important to that you consult your veterinarian if you are concerned.

4. Fever

Fever is another common symptom associated with parvo. As with many diseases, the body reacts by increasing its internal temperature. Dogs naturally have a higher body temperature than humans, with the average being between 99.5 and 102.5 F, so anything above that range is likely a fever.

If your dog has a fever, visual signs such as red eyes, loss of energy, dry nose, warm ears, coughing and tremors may be similar to humans.2

If your dog is showing any of the signs listed and you are concerned that he might have a fever, you can always use a pet thermometer to check his temperature at home. When your puppy gets a fever, their immune system tries to fight off the virus by raising their body temperature to make it harder for the virus to survive. So once you’ve determined your puppy has a fever, it’s always best to take them to the vet to have them checked for diseases and viruses like parvovirus.

5. Vomiting

Similar to diarrhea, vomiting can be a secondary symptom of parvo in dogs. Some dogs have particularly sensitive stomachs, but vomiting combined with a few other signs may indicate a parvo infection.

There can be many reasons your dog is vomiting, but it’s always best to play it safe and rule out illness or the possibility that your dog has eaten something toxic or contracted a virus. If you have a young puppy that has thrown up always take this advice very seriously and handle it with care as it could be suffering from parvovirus or other viruses to which it has not had a chance to build up immunity.

6. Depression

It can be difficult to determine if your dog is suffering from depression as unfortunately he cannot speak and tell you about his problems! Knowing the signs of depression in dogs is the next best thing to them telling you themselves. One of the symptoms of parvo in a dog can be depression due to nausea.

Paying close attention to body language, lethargy, loss of appetite, or major behavioral changes that deviate from their normal pattern could potentially be a sign that your pup has the blues. If you’re concerned that your pup may be suffering from depression, it’s always good to consult a veterinarian so they can rule out any medical issues. Constantly feeling sick and not being able to enjoy things as they would normally tear any pup down and Parvo can make your canine friend’s life miserable so make sure you rule out this possibility.

7. Dehydration

Water is vital to a dog’s survival and we all know the sound of a dog slurping at their water bowl. Dehydration occurs when the body doesn’t get enough water at dangerous levels and loses more than it replenishes.

Since our canine friends can’t talk and tell us when they’re thirsty, there are some tests you can do at home to check. First, you can check your puppy’s skin elasticity by gently tugging at the skin on his back in the area between his shoulders. When things get back to normal, your pup is likely getting enough fluids. If the skin is having trouble returning to its normal position, your dog may be dehydrated.

The second test is to check your dog’s gums. Your puppy’s gums should be moist and if you gently press on the gums the color should briefly turn white and then return to normal. If not, this could be a sign that they are dehydrated.

When Parvo infects a dog, the virus travels to its intestines and causes inflammation. The inflammation and intestinal bleeding caused by the virus makes it very difficult to ingest anything as it usually causes vomiting. This can lead to puppies becoming dehydrated which should be treated as an emergency as without proper treatment your dog could go into septic shock and die.

8. Septic shock

If left untreated, parvo can develop quickly and symptoms can worsen. One of the most alarming symptoms of parvo in dogs is septic shock.

Septic shock occurs when there is an overwhelming infection in the body. If parvo enters your pup’s digestive system, it can cause inflammation and bleeding in the intestinal tract. This damage to the intestines can allow the infection to enter the bloodstream and thus infect the entire body.

When septic shock occurs, it can be extremely difficult to treat, which is why it’s so urgent to see your vet as soon as you suspect he’s contracted parvo. Signs of septic shock include hypothermia, tachycardia, and a poor or weak pulse.1

When to see a vet

Now that you’ve answered your What are the symptoms of parvo in dogs questions, your next thought might be when to take your pup to the vet if you’re concerned he may have contracted it.

If you are concerned that your puppy may have parvo, either because he is showing any of the signs above or because he may have been exposed to another dog who has parvo, take him to the vet as soon as possible . They can give you a little reassurance and advice on how to protect your pup if results come back negative for the virus. If your puppy has contracted parvovirus, getting him to him as early as possible can help save his life and get him the right medical care.

If you suspect or have confirmed that your dog has parvo, it is important to strictly quarantine your puppy immediately and to let others know if you have had recent puppy play dates.

Canine Parvovirus Prevention

When it comes to parvo, knowledge and prevention are key. The best thing you can do to ensure your pup is safe is to take preventive measures and know the signs and symptoms just in case. Some Parvo precautions include:

Follow strict isolation procedures if you suspect or have confirmed your dog has parvo.

Clean and disinfect all areas and surfaces that the infected dog may have come into contact with.

Follow CPV vaccination guidelines at 6-8 weeks, 10-12 weeks, and 14-16 weeks of age, with a booster shot one year thereafter and another every three years thereafter.

Limit your dog’s contact with other unvaccinated dogs.

Deworm your puppy if necessary.

Restrict public areas where you take your pre-vaccination dog.

Canine Parvo Symptoms: Frequently Asked Questions

What are the first signs of parvo in a dog?

Fever, lethargy, loss of appetite and anorexia are the first signs that your dog may have parvo. These early signs can progress and lead to vomiting and diarrhea within two days of the onset of the first symptoms.

What Does a Dog With Parvo Look Like?

The visual cues of a dog suffering from parvo can be any of the signs listed above. Knowing the symptoms of canine parvo can give you a visual clue as to whether your dog may be suffering from a disease or virus. If you notice that your dog has lost a significant amount of weight, is eating less, and looks exhausted, you should have him checked out by a veterinarian as soon as possible.

Does Parvo arrive suddenly?

Parvo doesn’t necessarily come on suddenly, but the signs and symptoms seem to develop quickly and get worse if left untreated. Dogs infected with parvo begin to show signs of disease after the disease incubation period, around 5-7 days after contracting the virus.

Are some breeds at higher risk of parvo?

Young puppies from 6 weeks to 6 months of age (the period before they can receive the CPV vaccine) and unvaccinated dogs are most at risk of contracting parvovirus. Some breeds are at an increased risk of developing parvo, including1:

rottweiler

Doberman Pinscher

American pit bull terrier

English springer spaniels

German shepherds

Closing remarks

Getting a new puppy means lots of fun and games, but it also means doing everything you can to keep your new best friend safe and healthy. Taking preventive measures and knowing the signs and symptoms of canine parvovirus can help ensure you and your pup have a lot more fun in the future!