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Table of Contents
What is the minimum tank size for a otocinclus?
Otocinclus are social fish, living in shoals of thousands in the wild. Because of this, you’ll need to keep at least 6 in your tank – 10-15 would be better. Preferably in a 20-gallon tank, however, if you only want to own 6 Otos a 10-gallon tank will be okay.
Can you have just one otocinclus?
However, it is possible to keep a single otocinclus in a 10-gallon tank, but it’s not recommended. Make sure your tank has a sandy substrate as well as lots of live plants and driftwood. There also needs to be a good water flow. Otocinclus catfish are peaceful and won’t attack your betta.
Can Ottos be kept alone?
Although they are often purchased solely for algae control, Otos are social and should not be kept in groups of less than three.
What is the smallest otocinclus?
The adult otocinclus catfish grow to only about 2 inches long. The largest species can be about 2.2 inches, and the smallest ones are only an inch long.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
The otocinclus, also known as the otocinclus catfish of the family Loricariidae, is a species of freshwater catfish native to South America. They are also known as Otto fish or Ottos fish or with the spelling variant Oto fish. They also have an unofficial name called “dwarf suckers”. This has to do with their sucker-shaped mouth, which is designed for feeding on algae.
Because they are algae eaters, they are often added to a freshwater aquarium to help clean the aquarium. Another amazing thing about the otocinclus is that it is a relatively low maintenance fish. Easy to care for usually means easy to care for and a suitable species for novice aquarists. Otocinclus catfish like to be at the bottom of the tank, so they are easy-to-hide creatures. Thanks to their markings, they can also be easily blended with the substrate.
Information Chart Otocinclus Catfish Care Level: Simple Temperament: Peaceful Color: Various colors Lifespan: 3-5 years Size: 1-2 inch Family Loricariidae Diet: Herbivore Minimum Tank Size: 10 gallons Temperature: 75-82°F, 24-28°C water conditions : Warmer, slow-moving water with a neutral pH around 7. Tankmate Compatibility Other peaceful fish
care level
As said, the Otocinclus catfish is relatively easy to care for. They don’t require too much thought and effort and are great for those who just want to dabble in aquarium keeping. For fish that require less maintenance than many other species, they actually reduce tank maintenance when added to an aquarium.
Photo by AJC1
Because they are algae eaters, they end up caring for other fish more than they need to care for themselves. For them to really thrive, it is recommended to place them in stable tank environments where they can easily establish themselves.
temperament and behavior
The Otocinclus catfish stays closer to the aquarium floor and avoids other aquarium mates. The Otocinclus catfish is considered a very peaceful little fish. Because they are small, they often become prey to the larger fish kept in the tank. This also contributes to them being a little shyer than other fish.
Because of this, they are excellent runners (or swimmers) and can be very difficult to catch. They are algae eaters or tank cleaners and spend most of their time on the ground. Once they clear that part of the tank of algae, they will migrate to other areas.
These little creatures can also attach themselves to the side of the tank where algae can also collect. Sticking them to the side of the tank is a great way to see their unique markings. Otocinclus catfish also tend to congregate in groups and feed in the same areas.
Otocinclus appearance
The Otocinclus catfish have small sucking mouths with which they eat algae. They come in different colors and patterns across species. The most common colors are muted green, brown, and gray with a darker horizontal line on the flanks. They are also mistaken for sharks due to their streamlined body shape.
They have a cylindrical body with narrow heads and backs. The armor over their bodies protects them from rough terrain.
Otocinclus varieties
The otocinclus catfish or otocinclus catfish come from the pleco family and are native to South America. They are usually found in freshwater and do well in a freshwater aquarium.
There are many species of Otocinclus catfish, some of which have only recently been discovered. Since they often fall prey to other fish, the otocinclus wears armor over its body.
When we look at the different species, the Otocinclus catfish varies in patterns and markings. We give you a breakdown of each and their common marks.
Common and dwarf otocinclus
These two are visually similar. They have a mottled brown body with a white underside. Both also have a dark stripe running the length of their bodies, with the pygmy otocinclus’ caudal fin being shaped slightly differently.
Golden Otocinclus
Because of their name, the golden otocinclus has more golden hues. If not looked closely, they can easily be mistaken for a common otocinclus due to the same speckled markings.
Zebra Otocinclus
The zebra otocinclus also takes its name and its namesake – the zebra. You can see black and white stripes running the length of its body, and the shape and direction of the stripes can also resemble tiger stripes. This also earns them the name Tiger Otos.
Otocinclus lifespan
These smaller creatures will not keep you company for as long as you would like and they typically inhabit the aquarium for 3-5 years. How long they live in captivity is directly related to how they are cared for. If you can provide them with the ideal environment, these algae eaters can live as long as possible.
Otocinclus size
We keep mentioning that they’re small creatures, and now we’re going to give you an idea of just how small they are. How big do otocinclus get? The adult otocinclus catfish only grows to about 2 inches long. The largest species can be about 2.2 inches tall, and the smallest are only an inch long. They don’t breathe well, making them less suited to swimming long distances.
Natural habitat and origin of Otocinclus
Otocinclus catfish are native to South America and the small streams of North America and Venezuela. However, they are absent in the lowlands of the Amazon and Orinoco.
Streams and small rivers have slow-moving water with lots of oxygen. The water usually has soft sand and a muddy bottom with small pebbles.
Otocinclus care and tank construction
As said, the Otocinclus catfish is relatively easy to care for. They don’t require too much thought and effort and are great for those who just want to dabble in aquarium keeping. A fish that requires less maintenance than many other species, they actually reduce the maintenance of your tank when added to an aquarium.
Tank size and specification
These cute little catfish are great for smaller aquariums. We’re talking about 10 gallons small, which is decent for most homes. It doesn’t take up too much space and with these little algae eaters being peaceful and low maintenance, they make a great addition to almost any decor.
Optimum tank size for Otocinclus
The minimum tank size for an otocinclus catfish would be around 10 gallons. These fish must be kept in groups; Otherwise, they may suffer from emotional stress. Groups of three or more fish will reduce their loneliness and develop their playful nature. For them to really thrive, it is recommended to place them in stable tank environments where they can easily establish themselves.
Since these are small creatures, a small tank will do. These fish like to stay bottomed and are not great swimmers, so a 10 gallon tank size is ideal for a group of 4-6.
Tank shape for otocinclus
A rectangular tank shape is best for Otocinclus fish as it increases the water surface area. Proper gas exchange between air and water ensures better fish health and improves the water quality in the tank. They can also thrive in round or vertical tanks.
filter type
Filtering is very important to keep the water in the tank clean and healthy. Otocinclus require purified water for their survival. Water from any RO system is best to avoid risk as these are delicate freshwater fish. Use a canister filter with a GPH rating four times the tank volume.
These algae-eating fish really know how to keep their tanks clean. Water changes should be done every one to two weeks to eliminate nitrates and ammonia in the tank.
substrate
Because Otocinclus catfish spend most of their time on the tank floor, fine-grained sand makes a great substrate to line your tank with. Coarser substrates can injure the otocinclus. Rocks and plants are important because algae grow in abundance there.
Otocinclus is known as the bottom-dwelling fish. They swim in the lower levels of the tank and feed on the algae. Rough surfaces such as gravel and pebbles can injure their stomachs when eating and cause infections.
How many Otocinclus can you put in a gallon tank?
Should Otocinclus be kept in groups? It is noted that in nature they tend to group together and feed on algae and perhaps algae wafers at specific sites and there is no reason why they should not be given this opportunity in captivity.
Otocinclus do not survive well as a solitary fish. They can suffer from loneliness and stress, resulting in a fatality. A 10 gallon tank can easily hold 4-6 fish. Remember, the more fish you have, the more gallons you’ll need. Remember to increase the tank size by a few gallons with every fish you add.
Water parameters for Otocinclus
water temperature
Water temperatures are best between 75 and 82 degrees Fahrenheit, which is about 24 to 28 degrees Celsius. Sudden temperature changes can cause infectious diseases in fish. You should always keep them at the water temperatures that are usual in nature. In the aquarium, it is easier to maintain ideal tank conditions.
water flow rate
Otocinclus are freshwater fish that survive in the slow-moving waters of streams and rivers. The water flow in the tank should resemble its natural habitat. Filters with less water flow are best for Otocinclus aquariums as they keep water flow moderately low.
ph level
Warmer, slow-moving water with a neutral pH of around 7 is best for the otocinclus catfish. It needs to be well oxygenated, so check that out.
Because they are algae eaters, they care more about other fish than they do about themselves.
water hardness
Otocinclus do not do well in hard water. Soft water around 15dH is best.
Otocinclus Catfish Tank Landscape
Best plants for otocinclus plants
The otocinclus catfish does not eat the plants in the aquarium. They only want to eat the algae that grows on the plants. More plants create more space for algae growth.
They’re not called “suckers” for nothing. They are usually found in slow-flowing freshwater streams and rivers and in a household tank. They adapt by attaching themselves to rocks and substrates. Because of this, it’s a good idea to make sure your aquarium is populated with appropriate plants and other natural inanimate objects.
Some of the slow growing plants suitable for Otocinclus are:
Java fern
anubias
Echinodorus
Worst Plants for Otocinclus
Plants that grow very quickly are detrimental to an Otocinclus aquarium. They use up the carbon dioxide and other nutrients present in the water prior to algae growth.
Decorations for Otocinclus Tank
The aquarium needs to be properly decorated with plenty of hiding places. Hides can act as shelters when they get tired or stressed. Use large rocks to create cave-like structures for your fish to rest in. Softened twigs, bog wood, and small round stones can provide surfaces for your fish to graze on.
Avoid sharp rocks and objects as the Ottos may injure themselves. An injured fish can contaminate the water in the tank.
Lighting for the Otocinclus system
There should be plenty of warm light to mimic the fish’s natural living conditions. Also make sure the tank is placed so that there is plenty of sunlight coming through the window.
Feeding otocinclus catfish
Best Diet for Otocinclus
The Otocinclus catfish are freshwater fish that are considered herbivores. Because of this, you need to make sure the food you feed the catfish otocinclus reflects this. They are also algae eaters in the wild and can still be found in captivity. You can look at seaweed waffles, which are good nutritional supplements, as well as fresh vegetables you have laying around the house.
Lettuce bits and spinach are great substitutes for otocinclus catfish, but make sure you remove any leftover bits from the soil and water conditions. Blanched vegetables such as Brussels sprouts and zucchini are suitable additions to a diet for otocinclus. Wash them thoroughly to remove the insecticides and pesticides on them.
How Often Should You Feed Your Otocinclus?
It is healthy to feed Otos once a day. Removing uneaten food from the tank is critical to maintaining proper water quality. Keep an eye on algae growth in the tank to understand how much extra food to give.
Otocinclus Temperament and Behavior
The Otocinclus catfish stays closer to the aquarium floor and avoids other aquarium mates. The Otocinclus catfish is considered a very peaceful little fish. Being small, they often prey on the larger fish kept in the tank. This contributes to them being a little shyer than other fish.
Because of this, they are excellent runners (or swimmers) and can be very difficult to catch. They are algae eaters or tank cleaners and spend most of their time on the ground. Once they clear that part of the tank of algae, they will migrate to other areas.
These little creatures can also attach themselves to the side of the tank where algae can also collect. Sticking them to the side of the tank is a great way to see their unique markings. Otocinclus catfish also congregate in groups and feed in the same areas.
Ottos can sometimes rise to the surface to breathe some air. They can take in oxygen through their gills when they swim to the surface and avoid pumping their oral cavities at the bottom. If this happens frequently, make sure that your aquarium water lacks sufficient oxygen.
Are otocinclus naturally solitary or social?
Otocinclus don’t like to be left alone. They may suffer from loneliness and psychological stress. Keeping them in small groups of three or more is the ideal representation of their natural living conditions.
Otocinclus catfish tankmates
With the Otocinclus catfish alone, an aquarium can look quite sparse and empty. They are usually supplementary fish in a tank with many others. How Many Otocinclus Catfish Should You Keep Together? We recommend at least 4-6. Just make sure your tank is big enough. Aside from other Otocinclus catfish, what other fish make good friends?
Ideal tankmates for Otocinclus
Because they are small and prey to other fish, you should not include aggressive or predatory species. Fish that do not fight for food and survive in similar water conditions are the best option. However, the Otocinclus catfish can get along quite well with other fish. Because of this, there are a variety of opportunities for fellow residents such as tetras, borage macaws, pygmy gouramis, danios, barbs, mollies, other catfish, and even other algae eaters like shrimp and snails.
The worst tank mates
Lively and aggressive fish should be avoided as aquarium mates for Otocinclus. Largemouth fish can easily eat them for food. Some of the worst tankmates are cichlids, Oscars, Jack Dempsey, and goldfish.
Breeding of otocinclus catfish
Otocinclus catfish are not easy to breed in captivity due to their unique needs. Conditions like water temperature and things like lighting will also affect your chances. The water should be kept at warmer temperatures anyway (though it should be on the warmer side for breeding) so water quality is the least of your worries. Try raising the temperature of the tank by at least 10 degrees, around 78℉, so they can breed easily.
You know breeding is imminent when the males chase the females in the aquarium. Separate this breeding pair and place them in another tank with ideal breeding conditions. After that, they will need at least two weeks to prepare for the mating ritual. The female Otocinclus catfish lay eggs in small clusters on the surface of the tank and the males go over to fertilize them. The incubation period of the otocinclus catfish lasts only a few days. After this time you will have many juvenile fish swimming around and increasing the population of your tank.
Make sure the aquarium is perfectly prepared to house these tiny babies. Change 50% of the water every week, from mating to breeding to raising fry. The rearing tank must have 75-80 liters of water to create suitable living conditions for the new fry.
The babies also need healthy food, and algae and bacteria are the main food sources. Brood care requirements are minimal, and they will soon begin foraging and eating the same food as the adults.
Otocinclus breeding level
Difficult
Sexual dimorphism of Otocinclus
Otocinclus shows a very pronounced sexual dimorphism. Upon reaching reproductive age, females become much larger and broader than males. Their sex organs are also distinctly different. Females have larger and livelier sex organs.
Males have a genital papilla with multiple rows of denticles (modified denticles). These organs are visible on the side of the caudal system. This organ helps the male Otocinclus fish to orient themselves during the breeding process.
Maintenance and Care
Why do my otocinclus keep dying? Many people ask this question to these hardy fish. You need to make sure you take care of them as best you can. The healthier the aquarium, the happier your fish will be. They are quite sturdy, but at the same time they can be fragile.
Adjusting to a new environment is the most difficult part of caring for the Otocinclus catfish, which is why they need to be introduced carefully. The food you feed them must match their natural diet (consisting primarily of algae and plants) and the aquarium conditions must be ideal.
Since algae are their main food source, be careful not to completely wipe them out when cleaning your tank. The otocinclus catfish is a freshwater fish and like most other freshwater fish, they are susceptible to sudden water changes. Due to their small size, these fish cannot tolerate too much exercise in the water.
If you have sick fish, make sure you quarantine them quickly from the rest of the group to prevent the spread of the disease.
Otocinclus Catfish Diseases:
Luckily, the Otocinclus catfish is free from many diseases, but can develop fungi (no surprise for most freshwater fish in the aquarium). The two most important factors are a clean aquarium and healthy food. As soon as you start noticing loss of appetite, sores, color changes and reduced activity, you’ll know your fish isn’t doing so well.
Otocinclus are hosts to several harmful diseases. some of them are
cotton form
The fungus Saprolegnia is the cause of this parasitic infection. Small fluffy growths may appear on the fins and bodies of the fish. This infection can lead to an acute psychological imbalance in the infected fish.
The fungus can impair the fish’s mineral salt and water regulation and lead to death. Lethargy, unusual swimming patterns, and breathing problems are other symptoms.
Treat this disease with substances such as malachite green, copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide, and formalin.
white spot disease
This is the most common freshwater disease that also affects Otocinclus. White spots appear on the body and gills of the fish, reflecting the activities of protozoa.
Visible symptoms are irritation and inflammation in the infected fish. It may scratch itself on rough surfaces inside the tank. Difficulty breathing, starvation and withdrawal can also be symptoms of this disease.
To treat this disease you need to increase the water temperature and bring it above 30℃. Also try adding aquarium salt to the water to raise the temperature. Other suitable treatments would be the use of formalin and machete green.
gold dust disease
The parasite that causes the disease affects the gills and skin of the fish. Dusty yellow spots appear all over the body of the infected fish. This causes so much irritation that excessive scratching on hard surfaces can eventually erode the fish’s skin.
Lethargy, loss of appetite, shortness of breath, and rapid gill movements are other symptoms of the disease. Acriflavin, methylene blue, and copper sulfate may improve gold dust disease conditions.
roundworms
Roundworms can cause total organ failure in Otocinclus. Poor water conditions in the tank are major causes that contribute to the growth of roundworms in the tank. These worms protrude from the anus of the infected fish and there is considerable abdominal shrinkage.
Mix levamisole and parachlorometaxylenol in the aquarium water to treat the diseases.
Facts about Otocinclus
Otocinclus are excellent algae eaters. They help keep the aquarium clean. They help other fish by improving the water conditions in the tank.
Otocinclus are dwarf suckers due to their small size and narrow, pointed mouth.
They are native to the freshwater streams of North America and Venezuela.
The smallest available octacinclus is only about 2.5 cm long.
These fish cannot survive alone without their friends in the tank. They can suffer from loneliness and stress when kept alone. It is safe to keep them in groups of 5-6 in a 10 gallon tank.
They are peaceful fish that can stay with countless other tankmates.
Their average lifespan is around 3-5 years under the best living conditions in an aquarium.
They can sometimes stick to the sides of the tank. Then you can see their dark horizontal stripes on the flank and their sucking mouth.
Otocinclus do not eat live plants, instead feeding on the algae that grow on them.
They come in three varieties – Dwarf Otocinclus, Golden Otocinclus, and Zebra Otocinclus.
The female otocinclus looks distinctly different than the males. They look bigger and wider.
Growing Otocinclus is very difficult. The perfect temperature and lighting needed for breeding is quite difficult to achieve in an aquarium.
frequently asked Questions
How many otocinclus should be kept together?
Otocinclus needs to be kept in small 5-6 fish in a 10 gallon tank. You can always add more fish by increasing the capacity of your tank. These Pisces do not like to be left alone and suffer from loneliness. Don’t keep them without their companions.
Does Otocinclus produce a lot of waste?
Yes, Otocinclus produces a lot of waste as adults. They are algae-eating omnivores that can have large amounts of waste. They can destroy a planted tank in minutes.
Do I have to feed Otocinclus?
Yes, you can give Otocinclus some extra food. They eat algae present on the surface of plants and objects in the tank. Fresh vegetables like lettuce and zucchini are also good for them.
Does Otocinclus clean glass?
Yes, Otocinclus clean glass. However, they feed on algae present in the tank. Algae mainly accumulate on the plants and they love to clean the plants more than the glass.
Conclusion
Otocinclus catfish are handy little pets to keep close by. They are smaller compared to other catfish and tend to swell at the bottom of the tank. However, like most other catfish species, the Otocinclus catfish is peaceful and can get along well with other tankmates. Not to mention their practical role in keeping the aquarium clean. Because of the natural growth of algae in the tank, you can save yourself the trouble of feeding them regularly.
Do otocinclus produce lots of waste?
Yes, otocinclus produce a lot of waste. They constantly graze on algae around the tank, so even though otocinclus can help you control the tank’s algae growth, they are also constantly producing their own waste.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
To deal with the waste produced by your Otocinclus, you should perform weekly 25-30% water changes and monthly tank cleanings to keep the aquarium clean.
Despite this, Otocinclus produce far less waste than other algae-eating fish, such as e.g. B. Plecos.
Additionally, due to their herbivorous diet, Otocinclus’ waste products have very low levels of ammonia, so Otocinclus don’t contribute much to the bioload of the tank, although their waste does make the tank appear messy.
Are otocinclus hard to keep?
It is often said that Otocinclus Catfish care is relatively easy. But while care should be easy and straight foreword, keeping Oto Catfish can be tricky because they a delicate freshwater aquarium fish.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Otocinclus Catfish Care: Size, Food & Water
It is often said that caring for otocinclus catfish is relatively easy. But while care should be easy and straightforward, keeping oto catfish can be difficult as they are delicate freshwater aquarium fish. Otto cats often die shortly after being introduced to a tank, even though they appear healthy, active, and well-fed for the first few days. However, some can live for over a year and grow in size… given the right conditions and with some luck.
Otocinclus catfish keeping the tank clean
Otocinclus Catfish Picture Gallery
In terms of caring for Otocinclus catfish, Ottos should be placed in a well-established, mature, stable and clean aquarium to give them the best chance of survival. Otocinclus catfish like heavily planted aquariums with a good amount of established algae growth, especially of the soft filmy and soft green varieties.
An otocinclus feeds on soft algae that grows on hard surfaces of the tank. It is therefore important to ensure that the tank is clean, but not “too clean”. Otocinclus foods may also include nutritional supplements like seaweed waffles and even some fresh vegetables like green zucchini slices.
Some Otocinclus will eat green zucchini slices and others will not, so give it a try for a few days. If the Ottos don’t seem interested, remove the zucchini from the tank before it decomposes, crumbles, and causes water quality problems.
Otocinclus catfish size
An otocinclus catfish is a small fish. They can grow to around 1 1/2 – 2 inches when fully mature. Because Otocinclus Catfish are small, they are very fast fish that can jump from one end of the tank to the other at lightning speed.
Proven aquarium water is best
Water Parameters: Aquarium water for Otocinclus catfish should be in the following range for tropical freshwater fish:
Water Temperature: 72 – 79 degrees Fahrenheit
Aquarium pH: 6.8 – 7.5
Lighting: Standard lighting for community tanks will do
Make sure the water is well filtered and moving steadily, with ammonia and nitrites 0ppm and nitrates also very low. And make sure you do regular partial water changes to ensure the tank water retains its buffering capacity. Be wary of sudden changes in water temperature or parameters as they can really stress Otocinclus catfish and even cause them to die soon after.
Tankmates for Otocinclus Catfish: Peaceful
Since otocinclus catfish are not naturally aggressive, they have no means of protecting themselves. Therefore, it is important to choose tankmates wisely. Otocinclus catfish get along well with most other aquarium fish, especially armored catfish. Otocinclus can also do well in freshwater shrimp tanks and freshwater snail tanks. Snails include nerite snails, ramshorn snails, mystery snails, gold Inca snails, ivory snails, Malaysian trumpet snails, rabbit snails, Japanese trapdoor snails, and pond snails. Shrimp can include species such as bamboo shrimp, vampire shrimp, red cherry shrimp, ghost shrimp, amano shrimp, and whisker shrimp. It is not a good idea to keep otocinclus catfish in tanks with cichlids, goldfish or aquarium shrimp. Roughens like Oscars, Jack Dempsey, Texas Cichlids, and Striped Convicts can injure, kill, and eat Ottos very quickly. If you have any questions about compatibility, always contact the seller before purchasing.
Does otocinclus clean glass?
The Otocinclus Catfish will clean glass, but they absolutely love to clean plants. They are great at delicately cleaning your greenery and your Catfish with stay happy and healthy eating any particles off the leaves. These fish are also excellent for tanks that have babies or shrimp inside them.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
With their docile attitude, Otocinclus Catfish can make a great addition to your aquarium. These little catfish have no mean bones in their bodies and will not attack other animals in your tank. With the Otocinclus catfish you can safely add numbers to your aquarium without risking aggression.
Otocinclus catfish
Otocinclus catfish are peaceful fish that like to stay with their friends. They are the perfect fish, both in their calm demeanor and in their cleaning abilities. The otocinclus catfish cleans glass, but it absolutely loves cleaning plants. They are great at gently cleaning your greens and catfish while keeping you happy and healthy eating all the particles off the leaves. These fish are also great for tanks with babies or shrimp. The Otocinclus catfish has great qualities that can add value to any aquarium, but you should be careful when buying these fish from the store.
How to buy the otocinclus catfish
While you always want to be sure you’re buying healthy fish, it’s especially important to look at the health status of an Otocinclus catfish before making a purchase. These catfish can starve if not cared for properly.
Most Otocinclus catfish are caught wild and bought in bulk from wholesalers. As the catfish are transported from the source to the wholesaler, there is a risk that they will not be adequately fed. The same applies to arrival and accommodation at the wholesale location. Many wholesalers do not provide adequate food for the otocinclus catfish and it can become drastically thin or starve.
Life after the wholesaler often doesn’t get any better. Many pet stores overcrowd the tank and house too many catfish in one tank. Again, they will not provide an adequate amount of food or provide a decent source. Often a pellet of algae is dropped into the tank and a pellet of algae cannot feed 100 fish.
The otocinclus catfish does not like protein and only wants vegetables. Another mistake can be putting them in a clean tank that doesn’t provide enough algae for the fish to feed on. If there isn’t enough algae, you need to provide them with a source of algae to feed on, such as seaweed. B. Repashy Soilent Green gel food and canned green beans. This is often not offered in pet shops and also affects the health of the fish.
Due to the high risk of starvation, it’s best to seek out and purchase the fattest otocinclus catfish you can find. The ones with the full bellies are the healthy fish. A few other ways to ensure you’re buying healthy fish are where it’s sold and the list price.
The price range of Otocinclus catfish can be wide. Some stores sell them for $2 per fish and other stores sell them for up to $4 per fish. Most of the time, the cheaper list price indicates an unhealthy fish. At stores like Petsmart, otocinclus catfish are typically listed for around $2 a fish, but they’re skinny. The problem with a lean Otocinclus catfish is that if it doesn’t get enough food at all, it will stop eating. Once the catfish has starved, it cannot be brought back and will have no urge to eat. Often, buying the $2 Otocinclus catfish means you are buying a dead fish.
At other stores, the otocinclus catfish can be listed for $4 per fish. The price increase may be a disadvantage, but in fact it is extremely beneficial for you. The fish, which sell for up to $4 a fish, are usually fatter and healthier. These otocinclus catfish happily swim around with their round bellies feeding on the tank or provided seaweed. By investing the $4 in a fish, you ensure that it will have a happy life in your tank. A healthy otocinclus catfish can live 5-7 years.
You know you will succeed in finding a good food balance when your Otocinclus catfish has lived in your tank for more than a month or two. If your fish have survived this long, it means they are getting enough food to continue happily navigating their new home.
The Otocinclus catfish is the perfect little fish to add to your aquarium and with a little love and care they will thrive happily for years.
Can I keep OTOS with betta?
Unfortunately, otos do not make good tank mates for betta fish. Bettas are aggressive fish and need to be kept on their own when placed in smaller tanks; even females need to be carefully watched for aggressive behaviors.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
If you start seeing algae in your betta aquarium, you might consider a few other aquarium mates to help you clean up after your betta. It’s important to remember that Betta fish are aggressive fish and are often best kept individually. However, there are some fish that make good betta tankmates, like corydoras, but that doesn’t include otocinclus catfish.
Read on to find out why members of Otocinclus aren’t ideal aquarium mates for bettas, and some other fish alternatives that work better!
About Otocinclus Catfish
Otocinclus is a genus of freshwater catfish that contains 19 different species. These fish live in the oxygen-rich and moderately flowing waters of the Andes Mountains in South America. They can be found in shoals in the thousands, eating leaves and rocks that have algae growing on them. These fish are most often spotted in the upper water column
Interestingly, these fish have adapted the ability to breathe air. When oxygen levels in the water are low, otos swim to the surface and take in atmospheric air to breathe.
In the community tank setting
In the aquarium, otos require a little more care and consideration than most other community fish. Although they only grow to around 1.5 to 2 inches, otos are active feeders and need a lot of space to graze in a school. It is recommended to keep Otocinclus in a well planted and mature tank of at least 20 gallons (75.7L) to ensure there is enough natural nutrition in the system.
One of the biggest challenges with keeping Otocinclus is that they depend heavily on the algae already present in your tank; If your system is relatively new, these fish are not for you! They are otherwise relatively picky eaters and must regularly offer seaweed waffles and blanched vegetables. It is also important to remember that these fish are very shy and only thrive in a community aquarium with other peaceful fish such as danios and tetras.
Can Otocinclus be kept with Betta fish?
Maybe you’re looking for something to add some movement to the bottom of your tank, and an Otocinclus species is high on your list. Unfortunately, otos do not make good aquarium mates for bettas.
Betta are aggressive fish and need to be kept alone when placed in smaller tanks; Even females need to be carefully monitored for aggressive behavior. Otocinclus catfish are very shy and are easily pecked and attacked by a more aggressive Betta.
Additionally, otos must be kept in schools and cannot be kept in a 10 gallon (37.9 l) betta aquarium due to space limitations. Keep in mind that in the wild, oto catfish tend to prefer the upper water column, just like your betta, and the two will not be able to peacefully coexist in the same region of the tank.
tank conditions
Otos also require moderate water flow to replicate their natural environment. Bettas are easily pushed around the aquarium by higher water currents and will not tolerate the conditions required to keep otos happy.
Finally, it is well known that most Betta fish pluck most of the plants in the aquarium. Because plants grow algae, which is the source of most of the food for otos, your otocinclus could potentially starve and become stressed due to a lack of natural hiding places.
Is Otocinclus a Good Algae Eater?
Otherwise, Otos are amazing algae eaters that will prevent most algae outbreaks. Some hobbyists even need to increase their photoperiod and/or light intensity to encourage algae growth to ensure their otos are getting enough food.
Due to their large need for algae, Otocinclus should never be placed in an unplanted or newly established aquarium.
For a full list of algae eaters to keep betta fish, check out our guide here!
Which fish can be paired with a fighting fish?
Some hobbyists have actually had success keeping Otocinclus with Betta fish, although there are definitely better pairings with higher success rates.
snails and shrimp
While not fish, snails and shrimp are some of betta’s best aquarium mates. Not only will they keep your tank clean and provide more movement in the tank, but they are also less likely to be disturbed by your betta. Some colorful and peaceful shrimp you could get are cherry shrimp and ghost shrimp and they require little to no extra care or maintenance.
Cory Catfish
If you really want to try keeping a different species of fish with your betta, one of the most popular options is corydoras, also known as cory or cory catfish. However, these fish need to be kept in schools and water temperature monitored as members of this genus thrive better in cooler temperatures.
We recommend a tank size of at least 20 gallons (75.7 L) to accommodate a school of six of the Betta-compatible Corydoras species, Corydoras (Corydoras pygmaeus); other species are significantly larger and will most likely require a longer and/or larger tank to house with a Betta.
For more ideas on stocking your betta fish tank, check out our guide to the best aquarium mates for betta fish here!
What fish can live with bettas in a 5 gallon aquarium?
none. 18.9 liters (5 gallons) is barely enough room to hold a betta let alone another fish. The best thing you can add to a 5 gallon betta aquarium is a snail; Shrimp might work, but such a small space makes it easier for your betta to mistake them for food.
Conclusion
While some hobbyists have had success keeping Otocinclus with Betta fish, we believe they will do much better in a community tank with other peaceful species. Otocinclus are shy and need special attention due to their diet; Tank conditions and aquascaping opportunities are also largely incompatible between the two species.
If you want a fish to keep with your betta, consider corydoras members or add some snails or shrimp to the aquarium.
If you have any questions about Otocinclus, other betta aquarium buddies, or have had experience keeping bettas with other species, don’t hesitate to leave a comment below!
Sharing is caring!
How often should you feed otocinclus?
You should feed an otocinclus two to four times a week. Despite its reputation as an algae eater, an otocinclus cannot live on algae alone. Sometimes, a stable and well-cycled tank may not be able to produce enough soft algae to sustain an otocinclus.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Sometimes a stable and well trafficked tank may not be able to produce enough soft algae to sustain an otocinclus. It’s highly recommended to supplement your Otocinclus’ diet with seaweed waffles, fresh vegetables, mosquito larvae, or sinking fish pellets every few days.
However, you don’t need to feed your otocinclus every day as it prefers eating algae over other foods. Try feeding it twice a week. If it still seems hungry, increase the feeding frequency to three or four times a week.
Do I need to feed otocinclus?
Otocinclus are herbivores and they need to be constantly grazing on green matter in order to survive. Most tanks do not have enough algae to sustain a group of otocinclus so it is up to the fish keeper to provide supplemental food on a consistent basis.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
introduction
As mentioned on the introductory page… a fat oto is a happy oto. An otocinclus should never be gaunt or have a skinny belly. If it looks thin, then something is wrong. Otocinclus are herbivores and must constantly graze on green matter to survive. Most aquariums do not have enough algae to support a group of Otocinclus, so it is up to the fish keeper to provide supplemental food on a regular basis.
Soft green seaweed
The main food of Otocinclus is algae. They eat the soft green algae that grows on the surfaces of the tank and its contents. These surfaces include the inside of the tank walls, gravel, decorations, and plants. This soft algae is not to be confused with green spot algae, which you can hardly get off with a razor blade. It is evident that the grating power of the Otocinclus mouth is not strong enough to remove this type of algae.
They also eat brown diatomaceous algae, which is common in newly established aquariums. Some have reported actually going to town with this algae and will rid a tank of it in days. My soft water doesn’t seem to be producing much of the brown algae, so unfortunately I haven’t witnessed this firsthand.
So how can we grow these beneficial algae that like Otocinclus? Well, we also need an environment conducive to plant life. Light and nutrients are important first steps. (More on that in the Happy Oto Tank article…coming soon.)
Algae appear to be the preferred diet of Otocinclus catfish. If they ignore all other types of food you offer in the tank, chances are they’ll get fed up with the algae themselves. It’s a good idea to give them a while first to notice what you left in the tank as food, don’t remove it right away. But, as always, let their tummies guide you!
ready meals
There are products that people have tried with some success. One of the most common types is seaweed wafers, which are sold in most stores. Hobbyists have often reported their Otos resorting to it regularly. This can be good food to use while acclimating the otocinclus to your tanks. The most important thing to keep in mind when feeding sinking food is that there can’t be much competition for these algae tablets. Perhaps some gentle armored catfish aren’t much of a problem, but plecos or adult siamalgae eaters may prove too aggressive for these shy little fish to feel safe on the bottom.
You can also buy dried seaweed leaves. It’s just like the material used to roll sushi! Attach it to a clip or weigh it down with something first as it has a strong tendency to float. It bothered me that this food was intended for saltwater fish (all pictured on the label) and the question of salty botanicals struck me as a potential problem. Would the Otocinclus have problems with the amount of salt in the algae sheets? I contacted the company that sells one of these products and asked them about using it on freshwater fish. Here is her answer: “…our seaweed is 100% natural, dried seaweed and contains salt, but is safe for freshwater fish.” Well, there you have it!
Green vegetables!
We can supplement an oto’s diet with vegetables from the supermarket. Every fish is different, and some will flock to one type of vegetable and avoid another. With all vegetables, it’s important to wash them thoroughly and make sure they’re pesticide-free. Some of the most common vegetables to feed:
zucchini (zucchini)
Cauliflower
romaine lettuce
spinach
Preparing the vegetables is a matter of taste and experience as to what works best for your fish. What I have experienced is that the otocinclus will ignore a fresh vegetable in the tank, but once it has been in there for 12 hours or more it will register as food. My current theory is that the plant matter degrades over time to the point where it becomes a little mushy and more palatable to the rasping mouth of an otocinclus. One way to speed this up is to blanch/precook the veggies. Usually 30 seconds in the microwave while sitting in a small bowl of water is enough to soften the vegetables. Boiling will also make it sink faster and much easier.
Vegetable delivery instructions are pretty universal. We need to weigh down the veggies so they can stay in one spot long enough for the otocinclus to reach. Floating vegetables tend to go unnoticed unless you have very little surface current to move the food with, and even then my Otocinclus rarely climb to the top of the aquarium walls. You can use “veggie clips” available at most fish stores to attach veggies to the side of the tank with a suction cup. You can also use a rubber band and attach it to a small rock, which is then placed on the ground. Another method is to use leftover plant weights (the silvery streaks that come with stem plants) and stick them in the veg to make it sink. I prefer the weights and stick them in the veggies, this gives the otocinclus more surface area to suck and hold on to, but that’s just personal preference.
So how long should we leave these vegetables in the tank? Well, a good rule of thumb is not to leave it in the tank for more than 3 days. You definitely don’t want it to be there if parts of it are crumbling and separating from the main part; They can be lost, not eaten, and pollute the water.
protein
I once saw an otocinclus eat a rainbowfish egg. Yes, an egg! It hung partially from its mouth by a thread. Then, with one quick movement, he slurped the egg and ate it. Delicious! This can mean that Otocinclus can digest protein and even seek it out in certain circumstances.
This may also explain why there are sparse reports of Otocinclus attaching to larger, flat-bodied fish (like discus). There is still debate as to whether this is intentional aggressive behavior or just the fact that they may be starving. The “mucous membrane” of most fish contains microorganisms that are actually palatable to other fish and this could attract the oto to it. Otocinclus also seems to waste a lot of time cleaning a side of the tank that doesn’t have green algae…well, it could still eat something there, like the microorganisms that inhabit the bacterial film that inhabits all surfaces of the tank.
Some spawning reports spoke of feeding brine shrimp and bloodworms to Otocinclus before they lay eggs. I’ll most likely try this out myself and see if they go for the worms or shrimp. Perhaps this is a trigger for the fish to start spawning… by consuming high protein foods.
(May 5, 2004 update regarding protein) Through correspondence with Dr. Scott Schaefer, I learned that the stomachs of wild-caught Otocinclus contained only algae and plant debris. There was no evidence of other foods found in the system. This would lead me to believe that a protein diet is not necessary (and possibly unnatural) for the otocinclus to spawn.
Back to the topic
Is otocinclus a school fish?
When it comes to tank size, Otocinclus catfish are pretty simple – as dwarf catfish, they can be kept in aquariums as small as 10 to 20 gallons. While aquarists sometimes keep them alone they are schooling fish that prefer being kept in small groups of at least 6 individuals.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Otocinclus catfish are more popular than ever and are among the best algae eaters for small aquariums.
While they’re not super colorful, they more than make up for it with appetite and temperament! Let’s discuss everything you need to know about caring for otocinclus catfish!
What are Otocinclus?
Otocinclus catfish are a genus of tropical fish in the Loricariidae family.
Loricariids are better known as sucker catfish and include familiar faces like the common pleco as well as the more exotic sailfin, zebra and bristle catfish.
In strong currents, sucker catfish attach themselves to rocks with their adhesive lips and eat algae and biofilms that grow on hard surfaces. While some are more carnivores, most are vegetarians and detritivores.
Like many other sucker catfish, Otocinclus catfish are known to be facultative air breathers.
This means that while they get most of their oxygen needs on gills, they can supplement them with atmospheric air.
Occasionally you will see your pygmy otos dash to the surface and make a brief splash before dashing back to the aquarium floor.
In the wild, otocinclus catfish are usually caught in the off-season.
Their natural streams begin to flow sluggishly and have reduced oxygen levels. Schools of hundreds of Otocinclus Catfish will continuously breathe at the surface, creating a boiling fish mass that’s easy to pick up with a single lift of the net!
There are actually several species of otocinclus catfish sold commercially as oto catfish, pygmy otos, etc.
Otocinclus vittatus is the fish you will see most often in pet stores or online aquarium stores. It is one of the larger members of the group and has a solid dark stripe with a brown back and white belly.
Other species occasionally appear either mixed with O. vittatus or sold as specialty fish for experienced aquarists interested in rare fish.
The Zebra Oto (Otocinclus cocama) is a strikingly patterned Peruvian species that is slowly becoming more common commercially as Asian fish farms learn how to farm them.
Common Names: Otocinclus, Otocinclus Catfish, Dwarf Oto, Dwarf Algae Eater, Oto Cat
Scientific Name: Otocinclus macrospilus & related species
Origin: South America – Amazon and Orinoco basin
Size: 1 to 1½ inches
Temperament: Peaceful; training
Aquarium size: 10 gallons
Difficulty: Easy
Otocinclus versus Plecostomus
As the smallest sucker catfish on the market, otocinclus catfish have a lot to offer the common pleco. You should consider a group or school of pygmy otoes if:
Your aquarium or fish community is small: Plecos are sold small but will reach 18-24 inches when fully grown! On the other hand, dwarf otos are fully grown at 1 to 1½ inches in length.
Common Plecos are sold small but reach 18-24 inches when fully grown! On the other hand, dwarf otos are fully grown at 1 to 1½ inches in length. They have low to moderate levels of algae: Common Plecos can deplete algae growth and require supplemental feeding. Otocinclus catfish should also be fed, but need less food if the algae growth is healthy.
Plecos can deplete algae growth and need extra feeding. Otocinclus catfish should also be fed, but need less food if the algae growth is healthy. They Keep Live Plants: Plecos become increasingly harsh on plants as they mature. They usually leave broad-leaved plants like Amazon Swords and hardy plants like java fern and anubias alone. However, they may completely ignore algae on filamentous plants such as java moss or tomentosum and will eat soft plants such as elodea. Otocinclus catfish will harmlessly feed on algae from these plants.
Common plecos are progressively rougher on plants as they mature. They usually leave broad-leaved plants like Amazon Swords and hardy plants like java fern and anubias alone. However, they may completely ignore algae on filamentous plants such as java moss or tomentosum and will eat soft plants such as elodea. Otocinclus catfish will harmlessly feed on algae from these plants. You want to breed your fish: Plecos are bred in large quantities for trade; Otocinclus are popular but are all wild caught.
Common Plecos are bred in large numbers for trade; Otocinclus are popular but are all wild caught. Having more captive bred individuals will help take the pressure off wild populations.
Otocinclus catfish care
In this section we will discuss everything related to the care of otocinclus catfish:
Buy your first Otocinclus
I do not recommend buying dwarf otoes as soon as they arrive at a pet store. Being wild caught, they are only at the end of an immensely stressful shipping process and some of them will die within the first week.
It’s likely that the pet store’s water will also be drastically different from their home stream, adding another layer of shock that can result in dead otos once they settle in your aquarium.
Always ask how long a group of Otocinclus has been in business. If it’s been more than a week, the worst is over and they’re much more likely to thrive in your tank.
tank size
As far as tank size goes, Otocinclus catfish are pretty basic – as dwarf catfish, they can be kept in 10- to 20-gallon aquariums.
While aquarists sometimes keep them alone, they are schooling fish that prefer to be kept in small groups of at least 6 individuals.
And more is always better for these sociable catfish!
Larger aquariums can of course hold more, but remember that unless you either purchase large numbers of Otocinclus or keep them with other algae-eating aquarium mates, algae will be more difficult to control.
water parameters
As a tropical South American fish, otocinclus should be kept in conditions close to their home waters.
Since all Otos in the trade are wild-caught, we have to offer water with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). They can tolerate slightly alkaline conditions (7.5) but do much better with a lower pH.
Water temperatures in the region are consistently warm (75-82F) – lower temperatures dampen immune responses, slow feeding, and make Otocinclus more likely to contract diseases such as Ich or fin rot.
One day we will likely have captive bred Otocinclus that thrive in a wider range of water parameters. Until then, we should strive to keep ammonia, nitrite and nitrates as close to 0 ppm as possible.
While not particularly delicate, they are wild-caught fish and have been raised in much cleaner water than some aquariums contain.
plants and driftwood
Unlike Plecostomus and some other algae eaters, Otocinclus are perfectly plant safe. They are particularly good at removing algae from the tender leaves of plants such as Madagascar top plants and java moss. Larger algae eaters tend to ignore these plants entirely in favor of wide grazing areas.
Additional hard surfaces such as rocks, driftwood and of course aquarium glass are perfect for promoting algae and biofilm in an Otocinclus tank.
Unlike some other plecos, otocinclus don’t actually eat soggy driftwood, instead spending a lot of time there as their cryptic coloration matches the wood grain perfectly.
Driftwood is also an organic decaying surface that slowly releases nutrients and is perfect for biofilm accumulation.
Feeding otocinclus catfish
Algae are the main component of the diet of wild Otocinclus catfish, along with bacteria and other microorganisms that form the biofilms that accumulate on surfaces in nature.
If your aquarium is large and productive enough, you may only add a little extra food.
However, pygmy otoes are so stubborn about grazing that once they’ve brushed away most of your algae, you’ll likely need to offer additional food.
It’s important to make sure your dwarf otoes are getting enough plant matter.
While eating fallen flakes and pellets, these products are usually based on fish or shrimp meal formulas with corn and other grains as the filler, and therefore contain more protein and carbohydrates than they need.
Instead, they should feed on algae and biofilm with occasional offerings of blanched vegetables like spinach, cauliflower, and cucumber.
If you want to have ready meals on hand, choose a spirulina-based vegetarian flake or sinking waffle formula like Hikari Seaweed Waffles.
Hikari Mini Algae Wafers – 0.77 oz Age Group Description: All stages of life
Hikari’s Mini Algae Wafers are a scientific diet…
Hikari Mini Seaweed Waffles 0.77 oz
They can and should occasionally supplement their diet with regular flake food for a protein boost (they will also feed on small invertebrates and worms when grazing in the wild). Otocinclus will also prey on brine shrimp, bloodworms and tubifex that reach the bottom.
Otocinclus tankmates
Dwarf Otos are exemplary aquarium inhabitants. As peaceful, schooling vegetarians, they only threaten algae and other biofilms that grow in most aquariums.
They also don’t have the bad habits of their larger Plecostomus cousins, like rasping slime off the sides of broad-bodied fish or knocking over decorations.
Otocinclus catfish are the best algae eaters to pair with peaceful blackwater fish like discus, cardinal tetras and borage macaws.
Also, as long as you accommodate their preferences for a neutral to slightly soft pH, they can be kept with any aquarium fish or invertebrate that isn’t trying to eat the tiny catfish.
Good tankmates for Otocinclus
Small schools of fish (danios, tetras, barbs, etc.)
Gourami and Bettas
dwarf cichlids
Small bottom dwellers (Corydoras, Rubber Plecos, Kuhli Loaches, etc)
Safe for invertebrates (shrimp, dwarf crabs, snails, freshwater mussels, etc.)
Dwarf Otos are guaranteed to have no problem with the other fish in your aquarium. However, you need to make sure you choose species that won’t harass or eat them…
Poor tankmates for Otocinclus
Medium to large cichlids
blowfish
Big catfish
crayfish
Fish that require alkaline water conditions
Breeding of otocinclus catfish
Breeding dwarf otoes isn’t as easy as breeding guppies, but it’s not particularly difficult either. The key is getting the numbers and terms right, and I’ll lay out the details below!
Choice between male and female otocinclus
Otocinclus catfish are among the most difficult to sex fish as they have identical color patterns and almost the same size. However, there are a few ways to ensure you have both males and females in your party.
Once mostly mature, females are slightly larger but noticeably heavier than males. And when they start to swell with eggs, they look like little tadpoles. Males are slimmer and slightly smaller.
Healthy males will also compete to be around large females, pushing each other aside and chasing them around the aquarium when conditions are right.
aquarium conditions
The key to successfully breeding dwarf otoes is providing them with an ideal habitat. Until now, they have only been bred in planted aquascapes, with warm temperatures, soft to neutral water, and plenty of algae for grazing.
The pH should fall below the ideal range (6.0-7.0) and the temperatures need to be high (78-84F). Offering a variety of supplemental foods like those listed above will also prepare them for breeding.
Because they live in schools of hundreds of individuals in the wild, numbers are the final key to breeding. A party of 3 is unlikely to spawn. 6 Otocinclus catfish have a better chance but 12 is even better.
Make sure your male to female ratio is at least 1:1 with no fewer than 3 females in the aquarium. More males are perfectly fine as they are competitive but not aggressive fish.
Simulation of the rainy season
In the wild, otocinclus catfish typically spawn at the start of the rainy season. A massive 50-75% water change can encourage spawning in happy, well-conditioned dwarf otoes.
However, make sure the water you add is accurate for the current conditions in terms of pH, hardness and temperature to avoid shocking your fish to death!
Successful spawning of Otocinclus catfish
When you have created ideal conditions, nature takes its course. Female Otocinclus catfish begin to fatten eggs and the males become increasingly active as they try to stay close to her until she signals her readiness.
Unlike many fish, otocinclus catfish breed at all times of the day, relying on their cryptic coloration and sheer numbers to protect them.
They lay their eggs directly on the leaves of small and broad-leaved plants, rather than scattering them in herbaceous tangles or in burrows like other loricariids.
Dwarf otoes also do not guard the eggs until hatching.
Breeding is a wrestling match and a race for these catfish! A group of males will chase the female as soon as their hormonal signals let them know it’s time to push each other aside and try to get to the eggs first.
Finally, she chooses a leaf that is as invisible as possible and lays 3 to 5 eggs there. The next male will immediately wrap himself around her body while fertilizing her. A female can lay between 20 and 60 eggs over the course of a breeding event.
Otocinclus catfish that are particularly happy with their conditions are allowed to spawn once a month! Luckily there is a very good market for captive bred dwarf otos so you shouldn’t have any trouble auctioning them off or selling them back to your local fish shop.
Rearing Otocinclus Fry
The most difficult thing was to create conditions suitable for spawning. Raising young dwarf otos is relatively easy. Like their parents, they already feed on biofilms as newborns. They can also supplement their diet with infusoria and other microorganisms.
However, any aquarium that has enough algae and biofilm to breed Otocinclus catfish should have enough food for the fry. Baby Otos, like their parents, dine on blanched vegetables and declining convenience foods.
Adult Otocinclus catfish will not bother or fry their eggs and can be kept together in the same aquarium. The young grow quite quickly and are almost fully grown within 3 to 4 months!
Frequently Asked Questions about Dwarf Otocinclus
What do Otocinclus eat? Dwarf Otocinclus are purely vegetarian. They feed on decaying plants, algae and the bacterial biofilm that grows on aquarium decorations, rocks and gravel. So, you should feed them a plant-based diet. If there isn’t a lot of seaweed to eat, you can feed Otocinclus seaweed waffles and small pieces of cooked vegetables like zucchini slices and lettuce leaves! How do you breed otocinclus catfish? Provided they are well fed, kept warm and of the right age, dwarf otocinclus are very easy to breed! They rely on seasonal environmental cues to trigger egg development and breeding behavior. You can simulate these conditions with a massive change in water and temperature, which can cause the female to start producing eggs! Otocinclus are also much more likely to spawn in heavily planted aquariums! How are algae grown for Otocinclus? Algae need two things to grow: light and nutrients. If you leave your aquarium lights on longer, more algae will grow. And if you do water changes too frequently, nitrogenous waste products like ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate may not be there. Low nitrate levels are harmless to fish while providing a good fertilizer for algae growth! Many aquarium fertilizers also provide nitrate for aquatic plant growth, but also feed algae. How many otocinclus should be kept together? Dwarf Otocinclus are very social! In the wild they form flocks of hundreds of individuals. So the more the merrier! 3 is not a very good number as the trio feels exposed and vulnerable, but 6 is comfortable for them and a good minimum. 12 Otos together is even better! The more you have, the more likely they are to multiply too!
How long do Otto fish live for?
Adult Size & Lifespan
The average lifespan of the oto catfish in captivity is 3–5 years, as long as the fish is cared for properly.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Otocincluses are peaceful, shy fish popular with aquarists for their algae-eating behavior. Although these fish are peaceful, they are not compatible with large, aggressive, or predatory tankmates.
Otocinclus Catfish Facts & Overview
Scientific name: Otocinclus sp. Common Names: Otocinclus, Otocinclus catfish, Miniature sucker, Miniature armored catfish, Oto, Oto cat, Otto Distribution: South America Size: 1-2 inches Life expectancy: 3-5 years Color: Various colors, usually with a horizontal brown stripe Diet: Herbivorous temperament : Peaceful Minimum Tank Size: 10 gallons Temperature: 22-26°C (72-79°F) pH: 6.8-7.5 Hardness: 7-15 dGH Care Level: Easy Breeding: Ovilayer
origin
Otocinclus catfish are commonly found in slow-flowing shallow rivers and streams in South America.
In their wild habitat, the fish attach themselves to rocks, driftwood, and other stable surfaces to feed on algae. The waters in this habitat are moderately vegetated, with good access to sunlight and a soft, sandy riverbed.
adult size and lifespan
The otocinclus is a small fish that grows up to 2 inches long. Females are taller and broader than males when viewed from above.
The average lifespan of the oto catfish in captivity is 3–5 years as long as the fish is properly cared for.
Availability
Otocincluses are a popular species of catfish and are widely available at pet stores and online. Most stores sell at least regular otos, and some sell other variations of otocincluses. The average cost of a common oto catfish is $3, and otos with unique patterns and markings range from $13 to $18.
Reputable online stores that sell Otocinclus catfish are:
Live Aquariums (Common Otocincluses)
Imperial Tropicals (common, zebra, giant otocincluses)
Aquaticarts (Common Orange Zebra, Alligator, Giant Otocincluses)
Appearance & Behavior
The otocinclus is a peaceful, nervous fish with a small, cylindrical body and a strong mouth that clings to surfaces to feed.
Colors, patterns, fins and gender differences
Otocinclus catfish are small fish with narrow bodies, short fins and powerful sucking mouths intended for grazing on algae in running waters in the wild.
These fish are distinguished from other catfish species by the rows of armor plates across their bodies that protect them from other fish and rough surfaces. Oto catfish have a cavity between their esophagus and stomach that gives them a limited ability to breathe air above the water’s surface.
Different species of Oto catfish have different colors and patterns. Some of the most popular otocincluses are:
Common Otocinclus: The most common oto catfish, with almost transparent fins and a white underbody separated from the mottled brown upper body by a horizontal brown stripe
The most common oto catfish, with almost translucent fins and a white underbody separated from the mottled brown upper body by a horizontal brown stripe
Externally similar to the common otocinclus, but with a coloration more akin to gold. Zebra Otocinclus: An oto catfish that features vertical black and white zebra-like stripes from head to caudal fin. Appears in several color variations including orange zebra
An oto catfish with vertical black and white zebra-like stripes from head to tail fin. Appears in several color variations including Orange Zebra Giant Otocinclus: Extra large oto catfish species that grows to 4 inches long with mottled brown or gray coloring
Extra-large species of Oto catfish, growing to 4 inches in length, with mottled brown or gray coloring. Silver Otocinclus: An Oto species that has the same side stripe as most other Oto catfish species, but with brown coloration instead of silver
An oto type that has the same side stripe as most other oto catfish species but with brown coloring instead of silver reaching the caudal fin
Externally similar to the common otocinclus, but with a large patch on the tail and a lateral stripe that fades before reaching the caudal fin. Alligator Otocinclus: Rare species of Oto catfish with spotted black, brown, and gray coloring
Regardless of the coloration or patterning of the otocinclus, the fish will become duller than usual when stressed or housed in poor water conditions. Farmed fish are bolder and brighter than usual to attract mates.
Typical behavior
Otocincluses are shy, reclusive fish with interesting feeding habits. The fish swim fast and dart across the tank to take cover when they sense danger – they are passive by nature and avoid conflict as much as possible.
Oto catfish are primarily nocturnal fish, hanging by their mouths on surfaces at the bottom of the tank most of the time, grazing on algae in groups. They get along well with other peaceful Pisces and are at their most confident when surrounded by other Otos.
Otocinclus catfish occasionally swim to the surface to breathe air, especially when there is a lack of oxygen in the water.
Oto Catfish Care & Tank Requirements
Caring for oto catfish is easy as long as you closely mimic the fish’s wild habitat in captivity. Set up a warm freshwater tank with slow-flowing water and make sure the fish have adequate access to algae.
Habitat and tank requirements
The otocinclus’ natural habitat is shallow, slow-flowing freshwater rivers and streams with algal-covered surfaces and good access to sunlight. Recreate this habitat in the aquarium with a suitable substrate, decoration and planting.
Choose a soft, fine-grain sandy bottom for the bottom of the tank. Oto catfish are bottom dwellers that are known to dig in the substrate, so avoid rough substrates that could injure the fish’s body.
Decorations such as rocks, caves, driftwood, and plants such as Staurogyne Repens can be used to encourage algae growth and provide shelter and hiding places.
Standard aquarium lighting is fine, but to speed up algae growth and provide a greater food source for Otocinclus, place the aquarium in a spot that has access to direct sunlight during part of the day.
tank conditions
Ideal tank conditions for Otocinclus catfish are:
Water Type: Slow-moving, soft, well-oxygenated fresh water Tank Size: 10 gallons minimum, or 20 gallons for groups of more than 10 fish Water Temperature: 72-79°F (22-26°C) Substrate: Soft sand tank Composition: Plants, rocks , Driftwood Acid: 6.8-7.5 pH Water Hardness: 7.0-15.0 dGH Filter: Yes. Oto catfish are sensitive to poor water quality and a good filter is required to minimize nitrite and ammonia levels Lighting: Standard aquarium lighting Water heater: Yes, to keep the water warm Carbonator: Yes, but not essential. Can be used to oxygenate the water
Otocincluses are hardy fish, but they cannot tolerate fluctuating water parameters, so keep water conditions clean and stable to ensure fish are healthy and stress-free.
illness
There are no specific diseases unique to Otocinclus catfish, but the fish are susceptible to some common freshwater diseases.
Me or white spot disease is the most common external parasite affecting oto catfish. This disease causes itchy, salty speckles on the fish’s body and fins. Fish with ego appear lethargic, rubbing their bodies against surfaces in the tank and may lose their appetite.
Treat me by quarantining the affected fish and adding commercial treatments or aquarium salts to the aquarium, following package directions.
tankmates
Otocinclus catfish are small, peaceful fish that are easy targets for large predators like oscars and cichlids. Do not house oto catfish with aggressive fish or fish large enough to eat this small species of catfish.
Ideal aquarium mates for Otocinclus catfish are similarly sized, peaceful fish, including:
Good partners outside of aquaria for Otocinclus catfish are:
nutrition and feeding
In the wild, oto catfish are herbivorous, feeding primarily on algae, bacteria, and plant matter. Providing an ample source of algae in the tank is the best way to replicate the diet of the fish in captivity.
Large groups of Otocincluses can eat algae off surfaces faster than the plant can grow. Complete the natural range of seaweed with commercially available seaweed waffles and blanched vegetables such as courgettes, lettuce and spinach. Put small pieces of these foods in the tank once a day, and then remove uneaten pieces of food after 24 hours.
Otocinclus catfish are grazers, so they are less likely to overfeed than other fish. The Otocinclus supplemental food intake and tank algae levels should continue to be monitored to ensure the fish’s diet is consistent.
breed
Otocinclus catfish reach sexual maturity at six to nine months of age. Breeding the fish in captivity is difficult and is only recommended for professional breeders.
There is little information about the exact steps involved in breeding oto catfish. It is well known that to encourage breeding, the aquarium water must be perfectly clean and the fish should be fed a nutritious, protein-rich diet. Raising the water above 24°C also encourages mating behavior.
When the fish are ready to breed, the males chase the females through the tank before fertilizing the females’ eggs. The females lay their eggs on plants and bog wood, and the eggs hatch a few days later. Oto catfish feed on bacteria and algae in the tank.
Should You Get an Otocinclus for Your Aquarium?
Otocinclus catfish are interesting, undemanding, peaceful fish that come in a range of unique colors and patterns.
You should get oto catfish if you have enough space in the aquarium and suitable water conditions for at least 6 (and preferably 10 or more) bottom-dwelling algae eaters.
Do not start catfish if your tank contains large or predatory fish that may eat the catfish or if you cannot maintain clean water conditions. Otocincluses are sociable, hard-working fish that will keep your aquarium clean and provide hours of entertainment.
Do Oto catfish eat hair algae?
They specialize in eating soft green algae; often this algae is hard to see without looking closely for it. The otocinclus will eat it before it grows too long and gets out of control.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
The most common nuisance in a typical aquarium is the ever-abundant devil known as algae. It can grow on your plants, blocking light and stifling growth. It grows on your glass, obscuring the view through the window into a world you worked so hard to create. In short, find a surface and it will grow! Aside from regularly scrubbing every inch of your tank or not letting a single glimmer of light into your tank, what can be done to ward off this pest? Meet your best friend and water lawn mower: the Otocinclus.
The otocinclus is a dwarf suckermouth catfish that grows to only about 2 inches long. This little fellow loves nothing more than eating the algae off your plants, glass and other aquarium decor and has not been known to eat your aquatic plants. They specialize in eating soft green algae; These algae are often difficult to spot without looking closely. The otocinclus will eat it before it gets too long and out of control. Best of all, they’re usually pretty cheap for everything they do: anywhere from $1.99 to $5.99 apiece.
Peaceful tanks should find room for this little gem. Otocinclus have no common bone in their body and can be housed with juvenile fish and even dwarf shrimp. They are at their best when they can go to school with others of their own kind. When stressed, they travel in a pack in search of food. Most of the time you will only see this behavior when you first introduce them to your tank. Once settled, they should not feel threatened and should attend school less often.
Experienced aquarists will tell you that Otocinclus is a very hardy fish. They don’t often contract common diseases that plague other fish. Their main weakness is that they don’t get enough food while handling them.
Unfortunately, Otocinclus are not spawned very often in aquariums. That means most specimens you buy from a pet store are wild caught. As with other wild-caught suckermouth catfish, this makes for a perfect storm. Otocinclus are collected by the hundreds and transported to a warehouse where they are fasted for a few days before being shipped. They arrive at a wholesaler where a few hundred of them are placed in a bare bottom aquarium with no decoration and poor lighting. As a result, practically no algae grow in the tank. Seaweed wafers are provided, but the sheer numbers of Otocinclus are too many to feed properly. About a week later they should be on their way to your local pet store. The pet store will put them in a nice tank and will try to feed them. Feeding is difficult, however, as most stores stock a few dozen more Otocinclus in a tank. This is odd because they wouldn’t keep nearly as many Plecostomus in the same tank.
Don’t worry – even with all the stress, Otocinclus can thrive in your aquarium. Here are a few simple tips that will greatly increase your new pet’s survivability:
First, make sure you have algae in the tank so they can piss off when you bring them home. After a few weeks of poor nutrition, they are very hungry! The best way to accomplish this is to have a quarantine tank and just leave the lights on for about a week until algae start to grow all over.
Next, buy these fish the day after they arrive at your pet store. This contradicts the popular belief that you want to buy a fish that has been at the pet store longer to prove its longevity and lessen the shock of being transported too soon after arrival. Given that Otocinclus are usually grouped together in such large numbers – and often placed in tanks that can’t produce algae as fast as they consume it – you’ll want the stronger fish separated from the others as soon as possible will. It’s sometimes difficult to know which ones have been there the longest. Therefore, you should take your Otocinclus group home and acclimatize them in your quarantine tank, where algae has been grown in anticipation of their arrival. This will reduce the time they spend starving since you already have a buffet waiting for them at home.
Otocinclus are best suited to peaceful community setups. Because of their size and timid nature, they are easily beaten for food. Make sure you have algae to munch on before adding them to your aquarium and you will be amazed at the algae control one small fish can offer. Try this dwarf catfish and it will surely convince you. I know I couldn’t live without her!
Do Otocinclus lay eggs?
Yes, otocinclus lay eggs. On average, female otocinclus can lay approximately 50 eggs in a spawning session. They usually lay their eggs in small clusters of 3-6 eggs. These egg clusters are typically found on rocks and plant surfaces around the tank.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Keep in mind that Otocinclus do not mate and reproduce easily. Otocinclus eggs will be a rare sight for most aquarists. Here’s what you can do to make your otocinclus more likely to spawn:
Is Otocinclus a school fish?
When it comes to tank size, Otocinclus catfish are pretty simple – as dwarf catfish, they can be kept in aquariums as small as 10 to 20 gallons. While aquarists sometimes keep them alone they are schooling fish that prefer being kept in small groups of at least 6 individuals.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Otocinclus catfish are more popular than ever and are among the best algae eaters for small aquariums.
While they’re not super colorful, they more than make up for it with appetite and temperament! Let’s discuss everything you need to know about caring for otocinclus catfish!
What are Otocinclus?
Otocinclus catfish are a genus of tropical fish in the Loricariidae family.
Loricariids are better known as sucker catfish and include familiar faces like the common pleco as well as the more exotic sailfin, zebra and bristle catfish.
In strong currents, sucker catfish attach themselves to rocks with their adhesive lips and eat algae and biofilms that grow on hard surfaces. While some are more carnivores, most are vegetarians and detritivores.
Like many other sucker catfish, Otocinclus catfish are known to be facultative air breathers.
This means that while they get most of their oxygen needs on gills, they can supplement them with atmospheric air.
Occasionally you will see your pygmy otos dash to the surface and make a brief splash before dashing back to the aquarium floor.
In the wild, otocinclus catfish are usually caught in the off-season.
Their natural streams begin to flow sluggishly and have reduced oxygen levels. Schools of hundreds of Otocinclus Catfish will continuously breathe at the surface, creating a boiling fish mass that’s easy to pick up with a single lift of the net!
There are actually several species of otocinclus catfish sold commercially as oto catfish, pygmy otos, etc.
Otocinclus vittatus is the fish you will see most often in pet stores or online aquarium stores. It is one of the larger members of the group and has a solid dark stripe with a brown back and white belly.
Other species occasionally appear either mixed with O. vittatus or sold as specialty fish for experienced aquarists interested in rare fish.
The Zebra Oto (Otocinclus cocama) is a strikingly patterned Peruvian species that is slowly becoming more common commercially as Asian fish farms learn how to farm them.
Common Names: Otocinclus, Otocinclus Catfish, Dwarf Oto, Dwarf Algae Eater, Oto Cat
Scientific Name: Otocinclus macrospilus & related species
Origin: South America – Amazon and Orinoco basin
Size: 1 to 1½ inches
Temperament: Peaceful; training
Aquarium size: 10 gallons
Difficulty: Easy
Otocinclus versus Plecostomus
As the smallest sucker catfish on the market, otocinclus catfish have a lot to offer the common pleco. You should consider a group or school of pygmy otoes if:
Your aquarium or fish community is small: Plecos are sold small but will reach 18-24 inches when fully grown! On the other hand, dwarf otos are fully grown at 1 to 1½ inches in length.
Common Plecos are sold small but reach 18-24 inches when fully grown! On the other hand, dwarf otos are fully grown at 1 to 1½ inches in length. They have low to moderate levels of algae: Common Plecos can deplete algae growth and require supplemental feeding. Otocinclus catfish should also be fed, but need less food if the algae growth is healthy.
Plecos can deplete algae growth and need extra feeding. Otocinclus catfish should also be fed, but need less food if the algae growth is healthy. They Keep Live Plants: Plecos become increasingly harsh on plants as they mature. They usually leave broad-leaved plants like Amazon Swords and hardy plants like java fern and anubias alone. However, they may completely ignore algae on filamentous plants such as java moss or tomentosum and will eat soft plants such as elodea. Otocinclus catfish will harmlessly feed on algae from these plants.
Common plecos are progressively rougher on plants as they mature. They usually leave broad-leaved plants like Amazon Swords and hardy plants like java fern and anubias alone. However, they may completely ignore algae on filamentous plants such as java moss or tomentosum and will eat soft plants such as elodea. Otocinclus catfish will harmlessly feed on algae from these plants. You want to breed your fish: Plecos are bred in large quantities for trade; Otocinclus are popular but are all wild caught.
Common Plecos are bred in large numbers for trade; Otocinclus are popular but are all wild caught. Having more captive bred individuals will help take the pressure off wild populations.
Otocinclus catfish care
In this section we will discuss everything related to the care of otocinclus catfish:
Buy your first Otocinclus
I do not recommend buying dwarf otoes as soon as they arrive at a pet store. Being wild caught, they are only at the end of an immensely stressful shipping process and some of them will die within the first week.
It’s likely that the pet store’s water will also be drastically different from their home stream, adding another layer of shock that can result in dead otos once they settle in your aquarium.
Always ask how long a group of Otocinclus has been in business. If it’s been more than a week, the worst is over and they’re much more likely to thrive in your tank.
tank size
As far as tank size goes, Otocinclus catfish are pretty basic – as dwarf catfish, they can be kept in 10- to 20-gallon aquariums.
While aquarists sometimes keep them alone, they are schooling fish that prefer to be kept in small groups of at least 6 individuals.
And more is always better for these sociable catfish!
Larger aquariums can of course hold more, but remember that unless you either purchase large numbers of Otocinclus or keep them with other algae-eating aquarium mates, algae will be more difficult to control.
water parameters
As a tropical South American fish, otocinclus should be kept in conditions close to their home waters.
Since all Otos in the trade are wild-caught, we have to offer water with a slightly acidic to neutral pH (6.0-7.0). They can tolerate slightly alkaline conditions (7.5) but do much better with a lower pH.
Water temperatures in the region are consistently warm (75-82F) – lower temperatures dampen immune responses, slow feeding, and make Otocinclus more likely to contract diseases such as Ich or fin rot.
One day we will likely have captive bred Otocinclus that thrive in a wider range of water parameters. Until then, we should strive to keep ammonia, nitrite and nitrates as close to 0 ppm as possible.
While not particularly delicate, they are wild-caught fish and have been raised in much cleaner water than some aquariums contain.
plants and driftwood
Unlike Plecostomus and some other algae eaters, Otocinclus are perfectly plant safe. They are particularly good at removing algae from the tender leaves of plants such as Madagascar top plants and java moss. Larger algae eaters tend to ignore these plants entirely in favor of wide grazing areas.
Additional hard surfaces such as rocks, driftwood and of course aquarium glass are perfect for promoting algae and biofilm in an Otocinclus tank.
Unlike some other plecos, otocinclus don’t actually eat soggy driftwood, instead spending a lot of time there as their cryptic coloration matches the wood grain perfectly.
Driftwood is also an organic decaying surface that slowly releases nutrients and is perfect for biofilm accumulation.
Feeding otocinclus catfish
Algae are the main component of the diet of wild Otocinclus catfish, along with bacteria and other microorganisms that form the biofilms that accumulate on surfaces in nature.
If your aquarium is large and productive enough, you may only add a little extra food.
However, pygmy otoes are so stubborn about grazing that once they’ve brushed away most of your algae, you’ll likely need to offer additional food.
It’s important to make sure your dwarf otoes are getting enough plant matter.
While eating fallen flakes and pellets, these products are usually based on fish or shrimp meal formulas with corn and other grains as the filler, and therefore contain more protein and carbohydrates than they need.
Instead, they should feed on algae and biofilm with occasional offerings of blanched vegetables like spinach, cauliflower, and cucumber.
If you want to have ready meals on hand, choose a spirulina-based vegetarian flake or sinking waffle formula like Hikari Seaweed Waffles.
Hikari Mini Algae Wafers – 0.77 oz Age Group Description: All stages of life
Hikari’s Mini Algae Wafers are a scientific diet…
Hikari Mini Seaweed Waffles 0.77 oz
They can and should occasionally supplement their diet with regular flake food for a protein boost (they will also feed on small invertebrates and worms when grazing in the wild). Otocinclus will also prey on brine shrimp, bloodworms and tubifex that reach the bottom.
Otocinclus tankmates
Dwarf Otos are exemplary aquarium inhabitants. As peaceful, schooling vegetarians, they only threaten algae and other biofilms that grow in most aquariums.
They also don’t have the bad habits of their larger Plecostomus cousins, like rasping slime off the sides of broad-bodied fish or knocking over decorations.
Otocinclus catfish are the best algae eaters to pair with peaceful blackwater fish like discus, cardinal tetras and borage macaws.
Also, as long as you accommodate their preferences for a neutral to slightly soft pH, they can be kept with any aquarium fish or invertebrate that isn’t trying to eat the tiny catfish.
Good tankmates for Otocinclus
Small schools of fish (danios, tetras, barbs, etc.)
Gourami and Bettas
dwarf cichlids
Small bottom dwellers (Corydoras, Rubber Plecos, Kuhli Loaches, etc)
Safe for invertebrates (shrimp, dwarf crabs, snails, freshwater mussels, etc.)
Dwarf Otos are guaranteed to have no problem with the other fish in your aquarium. However, you need to make sure you choose species that won’t harass or eat them…
Poor tankmates for Otocinclus
Medium to large cichlids
blowfish
Big catfish
crayfish
Fish that require alkaline water conditions
Breeding of otocinclus catfish
Breeding dwarf otoes isn’t as easy as breeding guppies, but it’s not particularly difficult either. The key is getting the numbers and terms right, and I’ll lay out the details below!
Choice between male and female otocinclus
Otocinclus catfish are among the most difficult to sex fish as they have identical color patterns and almost the same size. However, there are a few ways to ensure you have both males and females in your party.
Once mostly mature, females are slightly larger but noticeably heavier than males. And when they start to swell with eggs, they look like little tadpoles. Males are slimmer and slightly smaller.
Healthy males will also compete to be around large females, pushing each other aside and chasing them around the aquarium when conditions are right.
aquarium conditions
The key to successfully breeding dwarf otoes is providing them with an ideal habitat. Until now, they have only been bred in planted aquascapes, with warm temperatures, soft to neutral water, and plenty of algae for grazing.
The pH should fall below the ideal range (6.0-7.0) and the temperatures need to be high (78-84F). Offering a variety of supplemental foods like those listed above will also prepare them for breeding.
Because they live in schools of hundreds of individuals in the wild, numbers are the final key to breeding. A party of 3 is unlikely to spawn. 6 Otocinclus catfish have a better chance but 12 is even better.
Make sure your male to female ratio is at least 1:1 with no fewer than 3 females in the aquarium. More males are perfectly fine as they are competitive but not aggressive fish.
Simulation of the rainy season
In the wild, otocinclus catfish typically spawn at the start of the rainy season. A massive 50-75% water change can encourage spawning in happy, well-conditioned dwarf otoes.
However, make sure the water you add is accurate for the current conditions in terms of pH, hardness and temperature to avoid shocking your fish to death!
Successful spawning of Otocinclus catfish
When you have created ideal conditions, nature takes its course. Female Otocinclus catfish begin to fatten eggs and the males become increasingly active as they try to stay close to her until she signals her readiness.
Unlike many fish, otocinclus catfish breed at all times of the day, relying on their cryptic coloration and sheer numbers to protect them.
They lay their eggs directly on the leaves of small and broad-leaved plants, rather than scattering them in herbaceous tangles or in burrows like other loricariids.
Dwarf otoes also do not guard the eggs until hatching.
Breeding is a wrestling match and a race for these catfish! A group of males will chase the female as soon as their hormonal signals let them know it’s time to push each other aside and try to get to the eggs first.
Finally, she chooses a leaf that is as invisible as possible and lays 3 to 5 eggs there. The next male will immediately wrap himself around her body while fertilizing her. A female can lay between 20 and 60 eggs over the course of a breeding event.
Otocinclus catfish that are particularly happy with their conditions are allowed to spawn once a month! Luckily there is a very good market for captive bred dwarf otos so you shouldn’t have any trouble auctioning them off or selling them back to your local fish shop.
Rearing Otocinclus Fry
The most difficult thing was to create conditions suitable for spawning. Raising young dwarf otos is relatively easy. Like their parents, they already feed on biofilms as newborns. They can also supplement their diet with infusoria and other microorganisms.
However, any aquarium that has enough algae and biofilm to breed Otocinclus catfish should have enough food for the fry. Baby Otos, like their parents, dine on blanched vegetables and declining convenience foods.
Adult Otocinclus catfish will not bother or fry their eggs and can be kept together in the same aquarium. The young grow quite quickly and are almost fully grown within 3 to 4 months!
Frequently Asked Questions about Dwarf Otocinclus
What do Otocinclus eat? Dwarf Otocinclus are purely vegetarian. They feed on decaying plants, algae and the bacterial biofilm that grows on aquarium decorations, rocks and gravel. So, you should feed them a plant-based diet. If there isn’t a lot of seaweed to eat, you can feed Otocinclus seaweed waffles and small pieces of cooked vegetables like zucchini slices and lettuce leaves! How do you breed otocinclus catfish? Provided they are well fed, kept warm and of the right age, dwarf otocinclus are very easy to breed! They rely on seasonal environmental cues to trigger egg development and breeding behavior. You can simulate these conditions with a massive change in water and temperature, which can cause the female to start producing eggs! Otocinclus are also much more likely to spawn in heavily planted aquariums! How are algae grown for Otocinclus? Algae need two things to grow: light and nutrients. If you leave your aquarium lights on longer, more algae will grow. And if you do water changes too frequently, nitrogenous waste products like ammonia, nitrite, and nitrate may not be there. Low nitrate levels are harmless to fish while providing a good fertilizer for algae growth! Many aquarium fertilizers also provide nitrate for aquatic plant growth, but also feed algae. How many otocinclus should be kept together? Dwarf Otocinclus are very social! In the wild they form flocks of hundreds of individuals. So the more the merrier! 3 is not a very good number as the trio feels exposed and vulnerable, but 6 is comfortable for them and a good minimum. 12 Otos together is even better! The more you have, the more likely they are to multiply too!
Do catfish get lonely?
Otos. Otocinclus catfish are far smaller than Plecostomus, ranging from two to five inches with most staying around the 3-inch mark, and they are a social fish. Unlike most other freshwater aquarium catfish, Otos will get lonely if they are not kept in schools of at least three (preferably six or more).
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Freshwater catfish can come in striking colors, like this gold nugget Plecostomus.
Choose a freshwater catfish for your aquarium
As you begin to populate your freshwater aquarium it will most likely be necessary to include some bottom feeders, scavengers and algae eaters. With nine classes and hundreds of individual varieties, freshwater catfish can meet all of these needs. To help you understand which catfish are right for your aquarium, consult the guide below.
Armored catfish Armored sucker catfish (Plecos and Otos) Air breathers (wandering catfish) Banjo catfish Talking catfish (Rafael) Upside-down catfish (Synodontis) Catfish (glass or ghost catfish) Long-bearded catfish (Pictus catfish)
Adlofos Cory 1/7
1. Armored catfish
Among the most common freshwater catfish are corydoras (Greek for “helmet skin”), a small armored species that comes in several varieties. Corydoras, or Corys as they are often called, range in length from 1 to 4 inches and spend their time scurrying around the bottom of the tank, removing excess flake food and various other debris. They have scaly armor that protects them from predatory fish, allowing them to be kept with most semi-aggressive fish and highly aggressive fish not much larger than two inches (e.g. bumblebee puffers).
behavior
Mailed catfish are extremely peaceful and get along with almost all other community fish. They can be kept in schools or individually, and mixing varieties in the same aquarium is perfectly acceptable as there will be no territorial aggression with similar species. This is one of the reasons they are perfect bottom dwellers for a beginner’s aquarium.
feeding
Cory cats feed by foraging for loose vegetation, algae, insect larvae, and worms. Although they will not attack or eat live or sickly fish, they will prey on carcasses. They forage using their sensory barbs on the bottom of the tank, often burying themselves up to their eyeballs. For this reason, they should have a sandy surface to rule out any risk of injury.
when they are active
Armored catfish are not nocturnal like most other catfish. This makes them a great addition to an aquarium that is primarily viewed during the day. They are active and peaceful, but somewhat shy at the same time. Make sure you provide these little guys with several hiding spots so they don’t get stressed.
Bristlebone Pleco 1 / 6
2. Armored sucker catfish
Armored suckermouth catfish are divided into two general subclasses: Plecostomus (Plecos) and Otocinclus (Otos).
Plecos
Plecos are usually sold in pet stores very early in their lives when they are between three and five inches long. An adult Pleco can grow up to two feet tall (but can live up to 20 years). They are semi-aggressive omnivores that feed on the ground. Because Plecos tend to grow to a large size and because they are aggressive towards their own kind, it is recommended to keep no more than one per 50 gallons.
feeding
They prefer to eat plants and algae and do this mostly at night. When there isn’t enough food for the Pleco, between food plants and excess fish food, they can begin to attack weak fish and suck out their mucous membrane. The plecos don’t want to kill the fish; They are simply trying to get at the algae that have attached themselves to the mucous membrane. This is a bad situation and if you see it in your tank, add some extra algae pellets right away.
behavior
Plecostomus will carve out a territorial spot in the tank and use it as its “home”. This home will be a place where the fish will feel safe and will spend most of the daylight hours there. If other fish try to claim that area, the Pleco will very aggressively reclaim it. Plecos tend to like the undersides of rocks or the insides of caves. If neither is available, the Pleco claims a corner of the tank for itself.
types
There are hundreds of Plecostomus breeds, with some of the fancier breeds having stripes (zebra pleco) or exotic patches of color (gold nugget pleco), some varieties even having a spiny growth over their nose (bristle-nosed pleco). All of these breeds have heavy scales and armored heads that allow them to live with aggressive fish, including cichlids.
Otos
Otocinclus catfish are much smaller than Plecostomus, ranging from two to five inches with most staying around the 3 inch mark, and they are a social fish. Unlike most other freshwater aquarium catfish, otos become solitary unless kept in schools of at least three (preferably six or more).
types
There are two types of oto: the golden oto, which is predominantly golden with a large horizontal black stripe running from the tip of the nose to the base of the tail; and the zebra Oto, which is black with multiple vertical white bands encircling the body.
feeding
Otos are voracious eaters, and a team of three can keep a 29-gallon tank clean; In fact, they may need additional algae wafers to supplement their diet after cleaning a dirty tank.
Walking Catfish
3. Air Breather
The stepping catfish is the only known air-breathing aquarium catfish in fresh water. It is available in both a standard black and an albino variant. They are also scaleless and covered in a slimy coating, so a fine substrate is recommended.
behavior
These catfish are extremely smart and will soon begin to recognize and even approach their owners. They thrive in tanks that utilize both water-based and land-based habitats. These fish reach almost a foot in length and are very aggressive (read “they will eat anything they can get in their mouth”) so it’s best to only keep them with larger fish.
Banjo Catfish
4. Banjo Catfish
Banjo catfish get their name directly from the shape of their bodies. They have flat heads and bodies that form an almost circular shape from above, tapering towards the back to a rigid tail – they look like guitars or banjos. They are multicolored, often referred to as cryptic color, ranging from brown to rusty red in varying patterns. You also have a bumpy head. This combination of head and color makes them extremely difficult to see in the river bed. They are excellent at camouflage themselves; In fact, you’ve probably missed more than a few in your shopping days.
They are nocturnal and spend the day burrowing under the sandy bottom of the aquarium. They’re an easy fish and can be very interesting when you figure out how to observe them (putting on red night lights sometimes helps, as does using a bright white substrate).
size
In terms of size, the banjo catfish can range from 2 inches to 2 feet. Most varieties available at local pet stores grow to around 6 inches, but be sure to check with staff to be sure.
behavior
Banjo cats are schooling fish and do best in groups of up to five in a 55-gallon tank. They are not aggressive and leave almost all fish (except juveniles) alone.
feeding
They are omnivores and like to feed on flake food and artemia or krill. They don’t eat during the day, so it’s important to feed the aquarium just before turning off the lights for the night.
Striped Raphael 1/2
5. Talking catfish
Talking catfish are so named because they make a barking or grunting noise when you take them out of the water. There are two types, the striped Rafael and the spotted Rafael. Each of these can grow to about a foot in length, although in smaller tanks (55 gallons or less) they tend to top out in the 5 to 6 inch range. These freshwater aquarium catfish are among the most docile and unique in the entire hobby.
behavior
Rafaels are nocturnal and rarely move unless it is time for them to eat. They are not recommended for beginners as they tend to hide away most of the time and don’t know when to stop eating, so they can easily become overfed. When they swim, they are graceful swimmers, gliding nonchalantly through the water like sharks.
feeding
They are not picky eaters and will eat anything that fits in their mouths, including very small fish such as tetras or juveniles. Aside from eating smaller tankmates, the Rafael makes a great community fish. They have been known to devour entire tanks of snails in under a week.
Dealing with the spikes
The striped Rafael has a series of herringbone-like spikes along its body in addition to its armor. If you tried to pick one up with your hand, you would probably get peppered. Catching with a net will not work either, as the spikes often get hopelessly caught in the mesh, creating a dangerous situation for the fish. It is best to catch them in a plastic container.
Upside Down Catfish
6. Upside Down Catfish
Upside-down catfish belong to the synodontis catfish family. These freshwater aquarium catfish are best known for their habit of squeaking at each other as a form of communication. Most varieties are black with white or brown spots, while there are some with the exact opposite coloring. Many of the Synodontis catfish hail from the same lakes as African cichlids and are the preferred tank cleaners for these specialty aquariums (Cuckoo and Spotted Squeaker to name just two).
behavior
The most popular synodont is the upside-down catfish. This aquarium oddity is valued for its tendency to swim and feed in an inverted position. The fish’s small size of 4 inches allows it to be kept in schools that only reinforce its odd behavior.
feeding
They eat flake food, pelleted food, Tubiflex worms and various parts of plants.
when they are active
Because these fish are predominantly nocturnal, they spend most of the daylight hours hiding in vegetation or in burrows. When there is scant cover in the tank, the upside down catfish will swarm together and find a vacant corner of the tank to claim.
glass catfish
7. Catfish
Waller is the classification of what is commonly referred to as glass catfish. Glass cats, also known as ghost catfish, are a beautiful and unique breed that has very little in common with most other catfish breeds. Glass cats like a heavily planted tank where they have multiple hiding spots and do quite well in a single-species aquarium. They will stand out with their transparent bodies, allowing a view of the bone structure and internal organs.
behavior
These catfish will not comb the bottom of your tank, nor will they remove the algae from your tank walls or plants. These fish are ultra-passive schooling fish with a distinct appearance.
feeding
They will not fight for food, instead starving to death before competing with more aggressive community fish. Feed them flake food and be sure to watch them to ensure they get enough to eat.
care requirements
The glass catfish is an amazing fish, but one that needs to be handled with care. Not nearly as hardy as other catfish, he easily succumbs to several common tank diseases, including me. Definitely not for the beginner, this catfish is best left to the experienced aquarist.
Pictus Catfish
8. Long-bearded catfish
Even though there are several types of long-haired catfish, only one is really suitable for use in freshwater aquariums, the pictus catfish. The redtail and tiger shoveler catfish reach nearly 4 feet in size making them unsuitable for all, but the largest aquariums and ponds and tank mates are hard to come by for these large aggressive fish. The Pictus Catfish, on the other hand, only grows to 11 to 12 inches in length and will work in a 55 gallon home aquarium.
behavior
Still semi-aggressive, this fish will go after smaller species like tetras and tetras. The Pictus feels comfortable either as a solitary fish or in a school.
feeding
They prefer to eat flake food or mosquito larvae and occasionally graze on plants.
when they are active
The Pictus cat is nocturnal but swims around during the day.
Looks
The large whiskers are the main attraction of this fish and extend all the way back to the caudal fin. The silvery body is covered in medium-sized black spots and their dorsal and pectoral fins have sharp barbs that make handling and especially shipping quite a task. These spines are poisonous and will sting quite a bit if they get caught in your skin.
First, consider your tank’s unique needs
With the almost unlimited choice of catfish for freshwater aquariums, it is important to determine your needs before making a purchase. Just because it looks good in the show tank doesn’t mean it will look and perform well in your tank. Be careful in your selection as each variety is compatible with very different ecosystems.
© 2014 Jennifer Hill
Anne on 08/23/2020:
Brilliant! Through this article we finally found out what kind of catfish we have – a running catfish. Your description was absolutely correct!
FREDD on January 18, 2020:
very informative. Thanks
Geneva on March 04, 2018:
That’s very informative if that’s what you want and most of these went well with my Black Diamond Singray which came just as I unboxed it!!!!
Bananaman4365 on January 11, 2017:
I loved this article and all the others
Poetryman6969 on June 22, 2014:
love the colorful pictures!
Are Otocinclus good algae eaters?
The Otocinclus Catfish, or the Oto Cat is another peaceful fish that’s known for their algae-eating habits. They’re quite small, reaching only 2 inches in length, and do well in small community tanks. These little guys are talented at removing brown algae and new algae growths from tanks.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
This is where the algae eaters come in! These critters are experts at removing algae from tanks, and with their unique habits, they can make a great addition to your aquarium. With that in mind, here are 5 of the best algae eaters for your aquarium:
1. Siamese Algae Eater
Peaceful and small, the Siamese Algae Eater is considered to be one of the best algae-eating fish out there. Why? Well, this little fish isn’t picky when it comes to algae. These types eat a wide range of algae that other algae eaters avoid, including red and black beard algae. In addition to algae, they also need to be fed a plant-based and protein-based diet to stay healthy. The Siamese Algae Eater is great for community aquariums and can be kept close to live plants (they love to eat algae from the leaves!).
2. Otocinclus Catfish
The otocinclus catfish or oto cat is another peaceful fish known for its algae-eating habits. They are fairly small, only reaching 2 inches in length, and are well suited to small community aquariums. These little guys are talented at removing brown algae and new algae growth from tanks. You may also find their eating habits entertaining as they quickly munch from plant to plant. Like the Siamese algae eater, it can live among living plants and is not known to damage reefs. Because of their small size and calm nature, the Oto cat is not suited to large cichlids.
3. Cherry shrimp
It is easy to spot the cherry shrimp in an aquarium. Their bright red color will add a lively spark to the average tank. And as a bonus, they’re incredible algae eaters too – a fact that makes them popular with aquarists. Keep your aquarium’s temperature and chemical levels stable and the cherry shrimp will reward you with their algae-eating ability. They are particularly good at finding algae in tricky spots that other algae eaters can’t find. These critters also love to eat leftover fish food. The cherry shrimp gets along best with non-aggressive fish like the oto cat and neon tetra.
4. Amano shrimp
The Amano shrimp is another great algae-eating shrimp option for aquarists. Their larger size makes them more hardy than the cherry shrimp and able to defend themselves. This species loves to eat soft algae, rotting plants and leftover fish food on gravel. They love being in a community, often thriving in small groups, but need to be kept away from aggressive fish like cichlids and goldfish.
5. Mysterious Snail
The Mystery Snail or Common Apple Snail is a little detritivor that loves to do some of the cleaning of your tank. They enjoy eating various types of algae, decaying plants and leftover fish food. Although larger than most aquatic snails, these types only grow up to 2 inches long, making them great for large or small community tanks. Mysterious snails, like other snail species, rarely interact with their tankmates unless attacked. Therefore, they must be kept with non-aggressive fish such as tetras or guppies. They also thrive with most species of shrimp.
The best type of algae eater for your aquarium depends on the size of your aquarium and the species of fish. A peaceful community aquarium allows you to expand your options against the algae eaters. If you have a large peaceful aquarium family, you may even be able to keep enough algae eaters to clean your entire tank. While it won’t completely eliminate algae growth, it will help keep your tank in tip-top shape!
Is it time to clean your aquarium? Check out our How to Clean Your Home Aquarium blog for our helpful tips!
Can Otocinclus live with shrimp?
Shrimp. Otocinclus is the only fish in a community tank that is absolutely safe to keep with shrimp. They do not have any interest in eating shrimp, they will never attack or harass even baby shrimp.
Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
Although Otocinclus seems to be a perfect member of the algae eater team and the cleaning crew, there’s something more to its care. These little catfish require quite specific care, especially for a new tank.
It’s quite understandable that these cute little fish can charm anyone. However, I would not recommend Otocinclus fish for beginners as keeping them alive can also be a challenge.
In this guide, I’ll share some handy tips and walk you through everything you need to know, how to care for them, and whether you should choose Otocinclus as your fish.
Quick Notes on the Otocinclus
Common Name Otocinclus Catfish Other names otos, ottos, dwarf suckers, oto cat, dwarf suckersmouth, dwarf suckers catfish, and dwarf suckersfish Scientific name Otocinclus sp. Tank size (minimum) 10 gallons (~40 liters) Housing Medium Breeding difficult Size 4-5 cm (~1.5-2 inches) Optimum temperature 23-27 °C (73-80 °F) Optimum pH 6.5 – 7.5 (6.0 – 7.5) Optimal GH 4 – 12 Optimal KH 3 – 10 Residents Mid and low Nitrates Less than 20 Diet Algae/Herbivore Temperament Peaceful Lifespan up to 7 years Color Form Olive brown, black and white
Natural habitat of the Otocinclus
All Otocinclus species are found throughout South America, from northern Venezuela to northern Argentina.
They usually inhabit small streams or shallow rivers and are often associated with densely vegetated bodies of water. As such, they thrive far better in a heavily planted tank than any other type.
Description of the otocinclus
This is a very small fish. They can grow to between 4 and 5 centimeters in length and have an oblong shape, rounded on the back and flattened ventrally.
The head is slightly flattened, with the eyes on either side, allowing Otocinclus lateral vision.
One of the most original morphological features is the presence of a sucker in the mouth, which they use both for feeding and for fixing on stones or plants. This is very useful in their natural habitat of rivers with currents.
They typically live 3 to 7 years with proper care. These fish are considered moderate because of the added risks in the first few weeks and potential problems with feeding.
Otocinclus species
Currently, the genus Otocinclus includes 19 species of freshwater catfish. Although they have many different small morphological features (useful for scientists), the easiest for us to look at are colors and patterns.
The most popular species in aquaristics are, for example:
Common otocinclus (Otocinclus vittatus) has very distinct black to brown lines running the full length of its body into the caudal fin. The upper part is almost completely brown and the lower part is white.
Otocinclus macrospilus looks very similar to Otocinclus vittatus. The main difference is that its lateral lines do not reach the caudal fin. In addition, some otos of this species have a yellowish body and are therefore often referred to as golden otos.
Zebra otocinclus (Otocinclus cocama) is difficult to confuse. The name speaks for itself. This species has vertical black and white stripes.
Some species are extremely rare in aquaristics. So if you’re not sure which type you have, check out more pictures here.
Behavior of the otocinclus
Otocinclus is a social fish. In nature, Otocinclus are generally found in large schools. In some cases schools can have hundreds or even thousands of fish. Don’t underestimate the importance of this factor as it is one of the reasons why otocinclus tend to fail in smaller numbers.
Otocinclus are often very shy fish. Even without the predators in the tanks, Otocinclus don’t feel safe when in small numbers. For them, a reduced number is a sure sign of danger, so they hide. As a result, they don’t get enough nutrition and eventually become stressed.
In their own large company, they are very outgoing and very active at all times. Otocinclus constantly graze on algae on all surfaces. In large groups they are constantly visible and much easier to feed.
It’s a very interesting fact, but in natural habitats Otocinclus are often found alongside Corydoras and they mimic Corydoras to avoid predators as Corydoras have sharp and typically venomous spines.
They are also diurnal and like to swim quickly around the pool. However, if they feel intimidated during the day, they may become more active at night.
Features:
Social: Very
Active: Yes
Peaceful: Yes
Feeding of Otocinclus
Otocinclus are herbivores. In the wild, they primarily eat algae and slime (biofilm) that forms on rocks and plants. Therefore, it is important to keep live plants in your aquarium to encourage algae growth and foliage for biofilm growth. Slow growing plants such as Anubias, Cryptocorynes and Java Ferns are all ideal plants for growing in your aquarium.
Unless you have a huge tank, algae build-up in a stable aquarium is usually not enough to fully maintain 6 or more Otocinclus. Therefore, you should definitely feed them algae waffles or catfish pellets. It is important that they eat frequently, so food must be available almost all the time.
Some supplements that you can give your Otocinclus may include blanched zucchini, spinach, peas, and cucumbers. All vegetables added to a tank should be verified as pesticide-free, as otocinclus have no protection from chemicals.
Tip: You may well have to try different types of vegetables before you find what you like. If you give them peas, they must be salt-free. Microwave them for 8 – 10 seconds and then place them in ice water to help them sink. Next, remove the shell and feed it to your otocinclus.
Also, you have to keep in mind that the nutritional content of vegetables is not the same as that of seaweed. Of course, they can live on biofilm or vegetables for a while, but it can’t last forever.
You should feed Otocinclus daily. Any frozen food or vegetables left over after feeding should be removed from the tank within 6 to 8 hours to avoid ammonia surges. You don’t want such things to rot unless eaten.
These little guys should have nice round tummies, but not too big that it looks like they’re about to burst.
Features:
Diet Type: Herbivore
Favorite Food: Algae
Feeding Frequency: Daily
Read more “How to properly blanch cucumbers and zucchini for shrimp, snails and fish”.
Otocinclus and feeding problems
Consider yourself very lucky if you can eat Otocinclus anything other than seaweed! The problem is that they often don’t learn to eat anything but fresh seaweed. Therefore, feeding them seaweed waffles or even blanched vegetables is no guarantee that they will be well fed.
So what can we do in this case? Well obviously we need to grow algae and the easiest way to do that is using rocks in a separate container.
You need a transparent container (large bottle, spare tank, etc.). Fill it with water. Use the water that comes from the water change. Put a lot of small rocks like marble chips and ceramic filter media (the rocks should be clean and aquarium safe, of course). Leave it under the strongest lighting you can find. Ideally – around the clock. Use any fertilizer to grow plants in a tank. Using an air vent also encourages algae growth. Once you see the rocks turn green, place them in the tank to feed them. Put the stones back in the container when they are clean.
At the same time, do not give up and keep training your Otos to eat seaweed waffles and vegetables. Give them time to learn that this can be a source of food for them. For example, break a waffle into several pieces and leave them in their favorite spot overnight.
There are some reports that Otocinclus really likes Repashy Soilent Green (check price on Amazon).
What Algae Do Otocinclus Eat?
They are great against: Green Algae, Green Dust Algae, and Diatom/Brown Algae. So-so against hair algae. Otocinclus will not eat staghorn algae, red or black beard algae even if they are starving.
You can read more about algae and Otocinclus in my article “Types of Algae. Best Algae Eating Team”.
Are Otocinclus Plants Safe?
Yes, they are absolutely safe to keep in planted aquariums. Otocinclus species have very small teeth, meaning they are physically unable to damage the vast majority of plants. So they really have no interest in eating plants, they just graze on the surface.
Keeping and housing of Otocinclus
I have to start by saying that Otos are sensitive and a poor choice for first time residents. They are also very prone to changing tanks and need special attention in the first few weeks.
Before introducing your otoes, your tank should be cycled and fully established and showing algae growth for feeding. The cycle of your tank lasts between 4 weeks and 2 months.
At the beginning of your cycle, add fish flakes to your aquarium about every 12 hours. These flakes break down and ammonia is formed. Ammonia levels should be maintained at at least 3 ppm for a week. Nitrosomas that eat ammonia will start growing in the tank and produce nitrites. You should test for nitrites at this point and continue adding ammonia through your diet.
Eventually, nitrite levels begin to drop. Test nitrite and ammonia for a couple of weeks. Then start with the nitrate test. When the ammonia and nitrite levels drop to 0, your cycle is complete. The nitrate level should be below 40 and water changes can be done to lower nitrate levels.
You can also read my article, Step-by-Step Cycling your Shrimp Aquarium Fishless.
tank size:
As I mentioned before, Otocinclus are schooling fish and need to be kept in groups of their own kind. Therefore, despite their small size, the minimum tank size for Otos is 10 gallons (40 liters).
The general rule of thumb is at least 6 otos, but the more the better. In this case, however, you will need a larger tank. Remember that there is a fine line:
If the tank is too big for them, they can get scared and hide. They need to see their friends everywhere to feel safe.
If the tank is too small for them, they eat algae very quickly and can starve.
Note: Since the fish prefer to be in the middle and at the bottom of the tank, the tank should be long and shallow.
Water parameters:
Temperature: Otocinclus thrives in warm water that is consistently between 23-27°C (73-80°F).
pH: Although they tolerate a wide pH range (from 6.0 to 7.5), they still prefer a slightly lower pH of between 6.5 and 7.0.
Hardness: Neutral to soft water, ideal for her.
Underground:
The best substrate for the aquarium is soil, sand and smooth gravel. Sharp gravel should be avoided as it can injure the fish.
Ventilation:
Preferably the water should be slow moving and have a high oxygen content. You can use soft air stones to increase oxygen levels.
plants and decorations
They thrive in planted tanks with good water quality. Barely decorated aquariums without live plants will be very stressful and uncomfortable for Otocinclus. Therefore, successful keeping in such tanks is less likely.
The ideal habitat will also have rounded rocks, driftwood, and/or caves for hiding.
Note: Don’t forget that plants also lower the nitrite levels in your aquarium.
In any case, you need appropriate LED lighting for the growth of plants and algae. Read my article “Advanced Guide to Planted Tank Lighting” for more information.
filtration
Regardless of the tank size, adequate filtration is very important. Although some people prefer to use a canister filter for the best filtration. Personally, I would recommend a mat filter (or sponge filter). The point is that these filters have a very large surface area for Otocinclus to feed on.
Your nitrate levels should be between 0 and 20 parts per million (ppm) with no measurable ammonia or nitrite.
You can read my article to know more about “The Best Filtration System for Shrimp Farming”.
copper
Otocinclus are very sensitive to copper. Do not use or avoid medications or plant fertilizers that contain copper in any form. Be careful, as many commercial fish foods, medicines, and plant fertilizers contain copper, or more commonly, copper sulfate.
According to the experiment, most of the Otocinclus population died within 48 hours at a copper sulfate concentration of 0.575 mg/L.
If you need copper-free or safe plant fertilizers, I highly recommend reading my Shrimp-Safe Plant Fertilizers article. Dwarf shrimp are even more sensitive to copper than fish.
acclimatization and quarantine
Every fish should be quarantined first, although many fish keepers don’t bother or simply forget. Don’t be like them, this mistake can have a very high price.
You need to isolate the Otos to prevent the potential spread of disease in your tank. This isolation was to last for a few weeks. The fish should then be transferred to the main aquarium using the droplet acclimatization method (read more about this here).
Unfortunately, the problem with Otocinclus species is that they don’t do very well in a small and bare quarantine tank. Therefore, add at least some mosses there. More importantly, the quarantine tank should also have plenty of algae. You can use the trick of growing algae on rocks that I described earlier.
Be careful with chemicals like copper (read more). Fish, crabs, shrimp and crabs do not tolerate copper-based drugs.
Sex determination of Otocinclus
As for differences between males and females (sexual dimorphism), you can tell the sex differences between a male and female otocinclus by their difference in shape and color. Females tend to be more vibrant in color and grow larger and more rounded than males.
According to the studies, males also have a flap of skin on the dorsal surface of the unbranched pelvic fin ray, which is absent in females. Finally, males have a small contact organ formed near the base of their fins.
Mating Otocinclus
If you are breeding, you should choose a pair that has traits and markings that you want to pass on to the offspring. Separate the male and female from the other fish. Otocinclus don’t usually mate easily, but a high-protein diet can encourage your fish to mate. Daphnia, seaweed waffles, and brine shrimp are all excellent food options if you’re looking to breed your otocinclus.
Your mating tank should be at least 20 gallons (80 liters) to accommodate any soon-to-be born young. Otocinclus lays eggs on plants around the tank. If you want to breed, you should have aquarium plants in your breeding tank.
Water parameters are also crucial for successful breeding. The temperature in the breeding tank should be warm. The tank should be 78.8 degrees Fahrenheit or 26 degrees Celsius, which encourages your fish to breed. The pH and hardness of the water should also be at the right level to breed successfully.
Once your mating tank is ready for the mating pair, you should place the fish alone in separate tanks or tank compartments for 1 to 2 weeks. After at least 1 week has passed, you can introduce your pair to the mating pool and hope for the mating ritual to begin.
During the mating ritual, the female runs around the tank in front of the male. The male will chase after the female. Eventually the male catches up with the female and the mating process begins. The couple takes a T-shaped position. The female lays her eggs in the tank and the male fertilizes them.
Breeding of Otocinclus
According to the studies, otocinclus mature at 25 mm (1 inch) in length. In some cases, however, first sexual maturity can occur at a size of 18.7 mm in females and 20.1 mm in males. Each female can have 16 to 202 eggs, mainly depending on female size.
Tip: If you shine a light on it in the dark, you should be able to see it when it has eggs.
Otocinclus do not care for their eggs. Once they lay her, they leave her.
There is some controversy as to whether the fish will eat their own eggs. In fact, some aquarists say it may be best to remove the mating pair from the tank after the eggs have been laid and fertilized. The eggs should hatch and begin their brood life after a few days. The young fish eat algae and microbes.
Possible problems related to Otocinclus
Most of Oto’s problems stem from a dirty tank and poor diet. If your fish are sick, you can tell by a change in appetite, inactivity, or increased breathing. The fish can also change color and produce spots.
The first step is to check the water parameters and see if there are any problems. Fixing the problems can bring your fish back to normal. If your fish are experiencing a change in appetite, changing their diet may also help.
Huge Belly: Either a swim bladder problem or an internal parasite. You must put the fish in a quarantine tank.
Otocinclus and suitable tankmates
Otocinclus are super friendly little fish. They have a gentle temperament and make a good choice for a peaceful community aquarium. Otocinclus should not be placed with fish larger than them as there is a risk of your Oto being eaten. Also, Oto should not share a tank with tankmates who share an aggressive temperament, as you might find your Oto wounded.
They tend to completely ignore other fish unless they are large enough to startle them, in which case they will hide.
fishes
All aquarium mates should have a gentle temperament and enjoy the same water standards as the Otocinclus.
Some compatible tankmates include Pygmy Cory, Boraras, Panda Garra, Dwarf Gouramis, Albino Bristlenose Pleco, Royal Farlowella, Neon Tetras, Harlequin Rasboras, Ruby Tetras, Dwarf Ember Barbs, Guppies, Endlers, Danios, and Rasbora.
Be very careful with bettas, paradise fish, Siamese algae eaters and angelfish. They are like any species; some are more aggressive than others.
Some tankmates to avoid are cichlids, goldfish, Jack Dempsey, and Oscars. They should never be placed in a tank with Otocinclus.
shrimp
Otocinclus is the only fish in a community tank that is absolutely safe to keep with shrimp. They have no interest in eating shrimp, they will never attack or molest baby shrimp.
The only problem is that they compete with shrimp for algae, which can affect the survival rate of baby shrimp. If you are serious about breeding shrimp, you must not allow any fish in the tank! Even if it’s an amazing otocinclus.
In addition, if there is not enough algae in the tank, it can be difficult to keep Otocinclus and Amano shrimp. They are absolutely brilliant as algae eaters, but Amano shrimp are voracious algae eaters and can starve out Otocinclus over time.
snails
Otocinclus are compatible with any freshwater snail. Just remember that snails will also eat algae in the tank, especially nerite snails.
Nerite snails have absolutely the same diet as Otocinclus and will starve to death even without algae.
crabs and crabs
Absolutely not! Keep them away from all kinds of crayfish and crabs. They can and will try to catch Otocinclus whenever possible.
Buy Otocinclus
If you buy Otos from a pet store, chances are they will die instantly. The way to the pet store is hard for fish. Not to mention the pet store may not have fed the Oto the right food.
Sad Fact: Did you know that almost all Otocinclus are wild caught? To catch them, tranquilizers (poisons or cyanide) are often used, which stun the fish and make it easier to catch.
To avoid picking Otocinclus that are close to death, monitor fish activity and ask your pet store appropriate questions.
Asking how long the otos have been at the pet store can be a good indicator of whether or not the otos will live. If they just got the Oto, they will likely be stressed and possibly starved from the transit. If they have been there for a few weeks and seem to have settled in well, chances are they are in good health and more likely to survive the transition process to their new home aquarium. Another good question to ask your pet store is what they fed their oto. If they say flakes then they have fed the Oto the wrong food and they are likely to get sick or die. If the store can’t respond, that’s also a bad sign. Ideally, you need to monitor their behavior while feeding. They should lock algae wafers/tabs with their small suction mouths. Check their general activity. Do not buy Otocinclus if they don’t move much and are sitting still on the floor. This is a very bad sign in a fish that is usually quite active. To judge an oto’s health, look at their bellies. If their bellies are bulging, that’s a good sign. However, if their tummies look unnaturally bloated, it may be a sign of a bacterial infection. Look at their mouths. You shouldn’t get hurt. Color can also be a good sign of a healthy oto. You should look for otos that are olive, black, and white.
The best place to get an oto is from a reputable breeder in your area so you know how your otos have been treated, although this is not always possible. You can also buy Oto online, even on Amazon.
Finally
The Otocinclus have a medium care requirement. The biggest problems with this fish are people keeping them in tanks that are too small, in too few numbers, and with poor water quality.
They prefer soft, slightly acidic water without ammonia and nitrites and with as few nitrates as possible, with some water movement, high oxygenation and some algae constantly present on plants, driftwood, glass and decorations. These are keys to success.
The first few weeks of Otocinclus care are critical. After the first few weeks, the Oto begins to get used to the tank. However, they are still susceptible to parameter changes, so tank levels should be closely monitored. Oto can be difficult to raise for new aquarists, but experienced aquarists should be fine.
References:
Beginners Mistake Common Otocinclus
See some more details on the topic how many otocinclus in 5 gallon tank here:
How many Otos in 5 gallons | Otocinclus Forum – FishLore.com
Imo, a 5 gallon is too small for Otocinclus. They need to be in groups of at least six or more, and seeing that you having a 5 gallon, there’s …
Source: www.fishlore.com
Date Published: 2/5/2021
View: 6498
Otos in a 5 gallon? – AquariaCentral.com
Otos need a much bigger tank that will allow for more stable water conditions.They also need a tank that has been established for awhile and …
Source: www.aquariacentral.com
Date Published: 5/20/2021
View: 9420
Otto in 5 gallon? | The Planted Tank Forum
That being sa, I don’t think Otocinclus are a viable long term option for a 5 gallon tank. They are very social and like to have space to swim …
Source: www.plantedtank.net
Date Published: 2/29/2021
View: 270
Is it reasonable to have one otocinclus in a 5 gallon or … – Reddit
Just thinking of more eas for my spare tiny tank. … There really aren’t many other fish suitable for a 5G. The other fish that are small …
Source: www.reddit.com
Date Published: 7/28/2021
View: 6041
Oto catfish? | Betta Fish Forum
Of course you could put 6 otocinclus into a 5 gallon tank, but really what is the point of that? We as fish keepers should be looking at …
Source: www.bettafish.com
Date Published: 12/3/2022
View: 7432
Otocinclus in a 5.5 gallon – British Columbia Aquarium Forums
Yes they will be fine with 3 in a 5.5 gallon, They do prefer to be in bigger group then 3 so a group of 5-6 might be a better option if you …
Source: www.bcaquaria.com
Date Published: 10/29/2021
View: 7062
Can I Get An Oto Catfish Or Two In A 5.5 Gallon With My Betta …
I’ve heard about people keeping Otos in a 5 gallon and the minimum tank space … Ok, I’m a little confused on why I get so much algae because I limit light …
Source: www.myaquariumclub.com
Date Published: 10/21/2021
View: 9258
5 gallon stocking – Tropical Fish Keeping
2 otocinclus catfish 3 male guppies 5 cherry shrimp 1 brig apple snail. Is this too much? Would the shrimp and otos fight over space on the …
Source: www.tropicalfishkeeping.com
Date Published: 4/24/2021
View: 8025
How many Otos in 5 gallons
You know otos are one of those fish that have such varied recommendations. I don’t even know where I fall for the right tank/school size. Many people say they are good nano fish and others say they need 20+ gallons. Cory from Aquarium Co op says you can keep them in smaller tanks in a group of 3, while Rachel o Leary says they need big tanks and big shoals. Both are very competent. Since you mentioned Cory, I’d say at least follow his recommendation of a group of 3. My rule of thumb is if you’re trying something borderline, be ready to upgrade. If you have other tanks or are willing to set up a new tank for them when needed, it shouldn’t hurt to start with 3 of these in a 5 gallon bottle and see how it goes. Make sure they have enough seaweed. Watch their behavior, coloration, and belly size and observe the parameters. At least we know that the 1-type shouldn’t be alone anyway, so he’s going to need some friends.
Otocinclus Care Sheet: Expert Guide to Healthy & Happy Otos
Hardworking little algae eaters, Otocinclus are peaceful and would make a great addition to your planted aquarium.
They’re easy to care for, provide plenty of entertainment, and keep algae from overgrowing your aquarium—as long as you keep them in the right conditions.
And that’s exactly what you’ll find out in this Otocinclus care guide.
You will learn how to avoid the most common mistakes that cause many hobbyists to lose their otos in the first month.
And what you need to do to ensure your friends live long, happy, and healthy lives.
Common names for Otoclinclus
Otto
Oto cat
pygmy catfish
Little sucker
Scientific classification
Kingdom: Animalia
Animalia tribe: Chordata
Chordata class: Actinopterygii
Actinopterygii order: Siluriformes
Siluriform family: Loricariidae
Loricariidae Phylum: Hypoptopomatini
Hypoptopomatini Genus: Otocinclus
Otocinclus type species: Otocinclus vestitus
Natural habitat
Otocinclus, a genus of catfish in the family Loricariidae, is native to South America and is found east of the Andes throughout the lowlands from northern Venezuela to northern Argentina.
Most active during the day, Otos swim in large shoals (or schools) and inhabit well-oxygenated, moderately to slow-flowing streams and small rivers.
They spend their time in shallow water and near the surface, clinging to substrates using their mouth as a sucker, and feeding on algae or growths attached to roots, rocks, macrophytes, and broadleaf grasses.
behavior in the tank
Super peaceful, if you house Otos properly they will show heaps of activity and personality during the day.
Industrial workers spend most of their time vacuuming on rocks, leaves, or anything else that has algae growing on it.
My favorite is when they are hanging from the aquarium glass and you can see their sucking mouth in full motion.
You may see your Oto rise to the surface for air because they can breathe the same air as you and I (could be a sign your aquarium water is lacking in oxygen).
This study showed that they released air through their gills before surfacing, and when they returned to the bottom they didn’t have to pump their oral cavities. This suggests that they take in oxygen from the air as they surface.
Otocinclus tankmates
What you are looking for is something that does not compete directly or aggressively for food, is peaceful, and will thrive in the same water parameters.
Large and/or aggressive fish will scare your Otos – they might even eat them.
Some recommendations
Common fish to avoid
cichlids
goldfish
Jack Dempsey
oscars
Setting up the Otocinclus Aquarium
It doesn’t matter what type of Otocinclus you own, they all require the same water conditions – low stocking densities and pure water – depending on your water source you may want to use an RO system.
You need a sophisticated filter that can circulate your aquarium water at least four times per hour (GPH rating).
Maintain nitrate levels between 0-20 ppm (parts per million) and have no measurable ammonia or nitrite.
Otos prefer a stable pH that is neutral to slightly acidic (6-7.5) and a water temperature between 22-28°C (72-82°F).
Stock your tank with plants (see more info below) and perform weekly water changes of 25-30% to keep your water as clean as possible.
Overview of the water quality
Filter with a GPH rating that is 4 times the volume of your tank
Nitrates between 0-20ppm
No measurable ammonia or nitrite
Water temperature: 22-28°C (72-82°F)
pH: 6-7.5
Water hardness: 6° to 15° dH
tank size
Otocinclus are social fish that live in schools of thousands in the wild. Because of this, you need to keep at least 6 in your tank – 10-15 would be better.
Preferably in a 20 gallon tank but if you only plan to own 6 otos a 10 gallon tank is fine.
Pro tip: the larger your tank, the easier it will be for you to maintain a healthy ecosystem.
gear
We both know that water quality is critical, so I recommend using a canister filter with a GPH rating of 4 times the volume of your aquarium.
They also need good ventilation and adequate water circulation, so try a water and/or air pump.
You need suitable LED lighting for your plants – you can find more information here.
As well as a CO2 injector and test kits to keep track of ammonia, nitrite and nitrate levels in your aquarium.
Tank Hardscape
Pre-soaked twigs or bog wood and rounded rocks provide surfaces for your Otos to graze.
Be careful and avoid objects with sharp surfaces.
Your otos (and other fish in your tank) can harm themselves and create the ideal environment for disease to colonize.
aquarium plants
Your Otos will graze algae off your plants, so I recommend using slow-growing plants.
Fast-growing plants often use up the carbon dioxide and dissolved nutrients before the algae have a chance to feed and grow.
Here are some slow-growing plant species you can use:
anubius
Cabomba (mimicking the natural environment of Otos)
cryptocorynes
Echinodorus
Java fern
Java moss
Feed Otos: “A fat Oto is a happy Oto”
Otos love to constantly munch on soft green algae that grows on your substrate, decorations, aquarium glass and plants.
You should not confuse soft green algae with green spot algae. GSA is extremely difficult to remove and Otos will not eat it.
Hobbyists have also reported that otos will eat brown algae (diatoms), which are often found in new aquariums that have not yet matured.
– If you want to learn more about different types of algae, you can check out a detailed guide here.
Well, this is important, and this is something to keep in mind: most aquariums with a stable ecosystem do not produce enough algae to sustain 6+ Otos.
Because of this, you need to provide some extra food. You can do this by feeding them seaweed waffles or catfish pellets.
Recommended Sell: Hikari Tropical Seaweed Waffles Feeding your Otos Seaweed Waffles ensures they are getting enough nutrition to stay happy and healthy
Last update on 08/01/2022 / Commissions Earned / Images from Amazon Product Advertising API
You can also supplement your diet with blanched vegetables:
Cauliflower
romaine lettuce
spinach
zucchini (zucchini)
When you feed your blanched otos vegetables, you need to weigh them down so they stay in one spot long enough for them to reach.
To do this, use a veggie clip, weigh down plant debris or attach it to a small rock with a rubber band.
As a rule, do not leave the vegetables in your aquarium for more than 3 days.
Pro tip: Wash the veggies thoroughly – make sure they’re pesticide-free before adding them to your tank.
Sexing and Breeding of Otos
It can be difficult to sex otos because there is no obvious difference. But if you look closely, the females are slightly taller and wider than the males.
And when it comes to aquarium breeding, it’s rare – but not impossible. When it happens, aquarium enthusiasts usually don’t notice until they are greeted by their new friend in the aquarium.
If you’re one of the lucky ones who manage to witness the mating process, you’ll see the female swimming up and down plants, rocks, or the sides of your tank while the males pursue them (pun intended).
A lucky male will then go into a “T” position with the female – resulting in her releasing her eggs and holding them with her pelvic fins.
After the female finds a suitable surface to lay the eggs, the male fertilizes them. The process is then repeated until the female is finished.
You can read about a successful breeding story here.
Fact: Unlike other plecos, Otocinclus males do not guard their eggs.
Buy Otocinclus – Be Warned!
A big problem with storing Otos is the first month of ownership. It is common for hobbyists to report high losses in the first few weeks – even in ideal aquarium conditions.
So what’s up? Well, there are a few theories…
Chemical poisoning?
Many hobbyists in the community believe that problems begin during their capture.
Fishermen are believed to use chemicals like cyanide to slow down or temporarily paralyze the Otos. You are then easily able to collect large amounts of fish.
However, cyanide fishing is more common in reefs. And I would like to point out that I can’t seem to find any official reports online of fishermen using cyanide or other chemicals to catch Otos – if you know of any please share.
Shipping and hungry?
The stress fish face during transportation can be handled by strong and healthy fish.
However, Otocinclus species are known to face some terrible shipping conditions.
Temperature fluctuations, oxygen changes, erratic light cycles, dramatic movement and vibration can all cause a variety of diseases to infect the poor fish.
Starvation is a big problem because they excrete the nitrogen in their food through their skin and gills as ammonia/ammonium – toxic to fish.
It’s not uncommon for them to starve for 24 to 48 hours before being finally packaged for shipment.
After acclimating to an environment with lots of algae and plants, they are then starved and left in a bare tank – it’s no surprise that there are often many DOA’s (Dead on Arrival).
The fish then arrive at the fish camp, where they are usually kept in crowded tanks with little algae to feed on.
Unless the pet store supplies them with seaweed waffles or veggies, they won’t last long.
It’s not that Otos are a fragile fish, it’s the fact that they are generally kept in harsh conditions before being bought.
But it’s not all doom and gloom – you can use the following tips to buy healthy otoes.
How to Buy Healthy Otos?
To avoid the disappointment of losing your beautiful otos in the first few months, it is important that you select the healthiest otos from your fish store.
The tips below are not the ultimate answer but more of a guide to give you and the Otos the best chance of success.
Talk to the workers at your pet shop
Ask them the following questions:
How long have you had the stock?
It’s common for otoes to die shortly after arriving at a pet store, so having them for a few weeks is a good sign.
what are you feeding them
If they say “flake food” – say no and leave. If they have trouble giving you an answer – no, this store is not for you.
Take a close look at her appearance
Check to see if they have nice fat tummies, but if it looks bloated (like they swallowed a marble) they may have a bacterial infection.
Look for a good color: olive brown, black and white. Avoid any with off-white or bloody spots.
What do their fins look like? In an ideal world, they have two sharp edges at the edges. However, they are often rounded off by stress or damage. Don’t worry unless the damage is severe.
Buy tank bred Otos
Easier said than done. Tank bred Otos would be a better option, but it is extremely difficult to source. If you know someone – join me.
How to introduce your new Otos
After you’ve selected the best Otos available, it’s time to introduce them to your cycling aquarium (no measurable ammonia or nitrites and nitrates below 20ppm).
You’ll also want some algae growth in your tank when they arrive.
BUT before you get them anywhere near your tank, you’ll need to quarantine them for a couple of weeks.
This will help confirm that your otos are healthy and you will not be introducing any nasty diseases into your aquarium.
Once you’re sure they’re in good condition, you can start introducing them to their new home.
I recommend using an acclimatization kit and the drip method. If you are not familiar with the dripping method. You can read this article here.
Keep a close eye on them during the first month; Make sure you keep track of your 25-30% water changes.
If they survive, there’s a good chance they’ll be around for a long time – as long as you take proper care of them.
– Do you have your own Oto stories? Let us know in the comments.
Infographic: Otocinclus Care Guide
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Can An Otocinclus And Betta Live Together?
If you’re wondering if an Otocinclus and Betta can live together, the short answer is yes. However, that doesn’t mean you should go out and buy an otocinclus to introduce to your betta. Otocinclus are not the easiest fish to keep (at first) and if the right parameters are not met their chances of survival decrease.
So read on to find out everything you need to know about keeping otocinclus and bettas together!
Can an Otocinclus and Betta live together?
If you’re interested in keeping the two fish together, it’s important to know as much as you can about both fish. If you are reading this article, it means you already know a lot about bettas. So the focus today is on information about Otocinclus!
Ideal habitat for an Otocinclus and Betta
When housing several fish together, you need to create an environment that is suitable for all! That’s why it’s important to know what type of tank your fish like.
The natural habitat of Otocinclus
Otocinclus catfish are found in South America. And they can often be caught in the Amazon! Because of this, they are used to being in rivers and streams with strong currents. (Don’t worry, there is a solution for you to house your Betta in a tank with a stronger current.)
Not only do they like a strong current, but they usually live in sandy substrate covered with tree roots. So you need to mimic that as well as you can.
While they are most commonly seen in streams and rivers, finding them in more open spaces is not impossible. In this case, however, they are usually in a flock rather than on their own.
What is the ideal tank?
Some people say you can keep otocinclus catfish in a tank as small as 10 gallons. And if you only have one, then that may be possible. But I wouldn’t recommend it. Instead, you should aim for a larger tank that holds at least 29 gallons. This gives you enough space to buy a shoal of Otocinclus and gives them more room to swim.
And once again make sure that the aquarium itself has a sandy bottom. Your otocinclus can spend time searching the ground, so the last thing you want to do is hurt it. A gravel substrate can often be sharp and rough, which could scratch or cut an otocinclus.
And of course you want to fill your tank with lots of decorations. Most notably live plants and driftwood (Check out this complete guide to driftwood). This will help your tank resemble the environment of an otocinclus.
Some great plants to add to your aquarium are Anubias, Java Fern, Hornwort and Anacharis.
Finally, you should make sure there is a good flow going through your tank. If you’re worried about your Betta, read on to find out how to adjust the tank for both breeds of fish!
Knowing the different behaviors, tank requirements, and diets of multiple fish is a difficult task. In fact, there are fish that can live with your Betta that you haven’t even thought of! If you want to know which fish can live with your Betta then click here.
Otocinclus temperament
In addition to knowing what type of tank is best for your otocinclus, knowing its temperament is also necessary. We already know that bettas aren’t the friendliest of fish, so it’s important to make sure you find tankmates to avoid them.
First off, Otocinclus catfish are bottom dwellers. Because of this, they are more likely to get along with your Betta. Or to be more precise, your Betta will ignore them. Betta fish tend to have a territory that is near the top of the tank. This is because they need to breathe from the surface and because they have upturned mouths.
So if your betta stays up top in your tank and your otocinclus stays down, they will naturally avoid each other.
One thing you really should know about Otocinclus is the fact that they like to hide. If you give them enough hiding spots, you might not see them for a few days. Just so they pop up somewhere brand new later!
behavior
There are two things your otocinclus will most likely do. The first is that you will find them frequenting the bottom of your tank as well as any decorations with algae. They’re HUGE algae-eating machines, so this will be awesome if your tank is covered in the stuff.
And secondly, you will notice that they attach to things with their powerful mouths. They can cling to the underside of leaves and plants by sucking really hard. Just be careful, if otocinclus are starved for too long they can start to become attached to other fish.
Should You Keep an Otocinclus in a Shoal?
To see the true nature of otocinclus catfish it is best to keep them together rather than alone. Otocinclus catfish are schooling fish. If you keep them in groups of 6 or more you will find that they become much more confident. They become more active and each of them shows you their own individual personality.
In fact, it’s better not to keep an otocinclus alone. While it’s possible, they definitely won’t be as lucky, and you’ll miss out on so much interesting behavior.
Otocinclus Diet
If you’re keeping an otocinclus and a betta together, you also need to make sure each fish is getting the right diet. Otocinclus are primarily herbivores and bettas are primarily carnivores. However, bettas are also opportunistic eaters, so you need to make sure your betta is not eating its food. (That should not be a problem).
The main reason this won’t be a problem is that an Otocinclus’ main food source will be algae. If there is a lot of algae in your aquarium, your Otocinclus will be very happy. While you should aim to maintain a high level of algae growth in your tank, it doesn’t matter if you don’t. There are other ways you can complement it.
The most common way to supplement seaweed in your otocinclus’ diet is to feed them seaweed waffles. You can buy them on Amazon, and to make sure your betta doesn’t eat them, your best bet is to buy the sinking waffles.
As well as seaweed waffles, you can feed them a variety of vegetables like cucumber or zucchini, just make sure they’re blanched first.
Just be careful when trying to artificially create the conditions needed for algae. Most algae growth occurs in water that is high in nitrates, and as Otocinclus Catfish and Bettas are sensitive to this, they can get sick or even kill them.
So when feeding your otocinclus and betta, make sure you are giving your betta the right food it needs (quality food pellets, water fleas and mosquito larvae). And that you also ensure that your otocinclus receives sufficient algae or the necessary nutritional supplements. If you do this, both of your fish will live happily ever after.
How often do they need to be fed?
In case you don’t already know, bettas should be fed twice a day. However, an otocinclus is a little different. If you plan to feed them vegetables, you should never leave the vegetables in the tank for more than 24 hours.
A good relationship is 4 seaweed waffles spread over the week and a small piece of vegetable of your choice. The more Otocinclus you have, the more you should feed them.
water conditions
Luckily, an otocinclus and a betta need similar water conditions to survive. Of course, as with all fish, you should keep ammonia and nitrite levels at 0 ppm. Normally, however, nitrate levels can be as high as 20 ppm in most fish. But even with Otocinclus you should try to keep the nitrate level as low as possible.
Otociniclus’ also do well at temperatures between 22-26 °C, likewise bettas can live at temperatures between 26-25 °C. Ideally you should try to keep the temperature of your tank at 22°C.
In terms of pH, both fish prefer a neutral or slightly acidic pH. So make sure the pH never falls below 6.5 or rises above 7.2.
You should also ensure that your aquarium has a strong current for your otocinclus, but also an area that is free of current for your betta.
If you are interested in meeting about 30 other tank mates that can live with your betta then check out this HUGE list of betta tank mates!
Keep otocinclus catfish and bettas together
When keeping Otocinclus and Bettas together there are a few things to keep in mind.
The water flow
One of the biggest problems you will have when keeping an Otocinclus and a Betta together is water flow. Otocinclus catfish like a constant flow of water, while bettas should be very gentle. One of the best ways to get around this is with the way you decorate your tank. In a 20 gallon tank or larger, you have enough room to slow the flow until it is suitable for your betta at one end.
(If you’re interested in buying a larger tank or fancy a change, check out some of the best 20 gallon tanks to buy for your betta.)
To do this, you should place plants and decorations in front of the watercourse. Sparse at first and then more concentrated where you want a gentle flow. It may take some rearranging to get it just right, but once complete your betta will be able to swim peacefully in a nice section of the tank.
aggression
Otocinclus catfish are extremely peaceful and will not attack your betta unless it is starving. However, the same cannot be said for your Betta. Even if they don’t have any of the triggers that bettas attack, that doesn’t mean he won’t try. No fish is safe in a tank of bettas, and before adding a tank mate, it’s important to know your betta’s temperament. If he’s aggressive, it’s best to avoid placing him with other fish and create a new community tank instead.
However, if your Betta is relatively peaceful (which is often the case) then Otocinclus make great aquarium mates and they will help you get rid of algae build-up. But they are not the only ones! Check out the 17 best algae eaters for betta aquariums.
quarantine
You should quarantine any fish introduced into your main tank, but this is especially true for otocinclus catfish. They are notorious for carrying diseases due to the long periods of time they spend on the move and the lack of food they can get from pet stores. Before adding an Otocinclus to your Bettas aquarium, you should first quarantine it for a few weeks. If you’re not sure how to set up a quarantine tank, here’s everything you need to know.
What to look for when choosing an otocinclus
Once settled, otocinclus catfish are very easy to keep. However, the first few weeks are the hardest. It is not uncommon for fish keepers to purchase a shoal of Otocinclus and end up with only one surviving.
This is because most of the time they are not bred in captivity but are shipped around the world. This of course massively increases the stress they feel and causes them to have a weak immune system by the time they reach your tank.
If you’re looking for a healthy otocinclus, you should choose one that looks active and is happily swimming with the rest of its shoal. Also, you should choose one with a nice bulging belly. While this is an unhealthy sign in a betta, it is a good sign in an otocinclus.
If you notice that your stomach has collapsed, you should definitely refrain from buying it. Just make sure her stomach looks full and not bloated. Bloating could be the sign of a serious bacterial infection that you do not want to introduce into your aquarium.
Also, you should pay attention to their color. It should look healthy in various shades of olive, brown, black and white. You should avoid an otocinclus that is gray in color and DEFINITELY if it looks bloody.
And make sure their fins don’t look too damaged. While they usually get some damage in transit, if they look noticeably bad you should select a different fish.
And of course, if there are dead fish in the tank, you shouldn’t take anything out of that tank.
recap
This article has a lot of information to take in, so here’s a quick summary of the key points.
Ideally, Otocinclus catfish are kept in a school of 6 or more animals. To do this effectively you should have a tank that is 29 gallons or larger. However, it is possible to keep a single otocinclus in a 10 gallon tank, but it is not recommended.
Make sure your tank has a sandy substrate and plenty of live plants and driftwood. There must also be good water flow.
Otocinclus catfish are peaceful and will not attack your betta. They prefer to be in shoals and spend most of their time foraging for algae.
Don’t worry if your otocinclus is missing for a few days. They like to hide and usually show up later.
Make sure otocinclus catfish get enough food. Ideally you want a tank covered in seaweed, but if not you can use good quality seaweed wafers. You can also use blanched vegetables like zucchini and cucumbers.
An Otocinclus and Betta will thrive in the same temperature and pH, however you should keep nitrates in your aquarium as low as possible rather than the recommended 20ppm.
To prevent your betta from being affected by a stronger water current, consider using live plants and decorations to slow the current.
Be sure to quarantine your otocinclus before adding it to your betta tank.
Otocinclus that look colourful, active and plump are healthy. Avoid any with sunken bellies, torn and frayed fins, and gray or red coloring.
If you want to learn more about tank mates that can live with bettas, you need to check out the Ultimate Betta Tank Mate Guide. You’ll learn about 68 different tankmates that can live with your betta, as well as fish to avoid. You’ll also learn how to create the perfect environment for buddies, how to introduce tankmates, and more! So check it out!
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