Travel Bandages For Horses? All Answers

trailer 101

It seems a lot of horses these days should have their own frequent flyer cards considering how much they travel. We take them to classes, competitions, trail rides and sometimes even on vacation. However, all that trailer towing can take its toll on them. So how do we keep our equine companions happy and healthy during our travels?

There is a wealth of research documenting the effects of long-distance travel on the horse’s immune, respiratory and musculoskeletal systems.

Immune system:

Trailering causes stress that has an impact on a physiological level. Cortisol, a stress hormone, increases from the start of trailering throughout the journey. It then takes 11-36 hours of rest before it returns to baseline levels. Cortisol decreases immune function and affects glucose metabolism. The number of white blood cells increases in neutrophils, decreases in lymphocytes, which leads to an increase in the ratio of neutrophils to lymphocytes. This suppression of the immune system can leave horses vulnerable to viruses common in commingling populations such as influenza and rhinopheumonitis. Horses that have recovered from Equine Protozoal Myelitis (EPM) are more likely to have a recurrence of the disease after long-distance followers due to this suppression of the immune system.

Respiratory diseases and trailering in horses:

Binding a horse’s head in a trailer has been shown to increase the risk of respiratory disease. Think of all those particles in the air flying around the trailer at 75 miles per hour as you cruise down the roads. Your horse breathes in all of this. Horses remove dirt and bacteria from their windpipe in two ways. One is simple gravity. Your horse lowers its head to graze and gravity pulls the debris from the windpipe through the nostrils. The other method is mucociliary transport. Thousands of tiny, finger-like projections transport bacteria and debris from deep within the trachea and out of the respiratory system. Both methods will be compromised if your horse’s head is tied at chest level.

In fact, it only takes 6-8 hours for a significant number of bacteria to accumulate in the lungs when the head is tied up. This, combined with compromised immune function, can lead to bacterial pneumonia (infection of the lungs and lung cavity), also known as shipping fever. Symptoms of shipping fever include: loss of appetite; fever (usually higher than 102°F); increased respiratory rate; shallow breathing (due to pain in the chest cavity); cough (which they may be trying to suppress because of pain); and sometimes nasal discharge. Shipping fever is a very serious condition and can be fatal or lead to serious or fatal complications such as colic and laminitis.

Musculoskeletal and trailering:

As we sit comfortably in our truck and tow our horses, what is their comfort level? Being on a trailer is actually the equivalent of walking for a horse. They constantly shift their weight and move their feet to maintain balance. Just remember that an 8-hour trailer ride is like an 8-hour walk for your horse. Blood tests after trailer towing show elevated muscle enzymes similar to those found in exercising horses. When running a very long distance, it is advisable to take a one-hour break every six to eight hours to allow your horse to rest. If this is not possible, allow a reasonable rest period, usually twenty-four hours, upon arrival.

Dehydration and Weight Loss:

Studies have shown that horses do not eat or drink as well when traveling and sometimes become up to 4% dehydrated. It takes a while for this level of dehydration to be corrected by voluntary water consumption. Horses that don’t eat well can lose weight and certainly not perform at their peak. Resist the urge to overdo the electrolytes while traveling. Too much can make dehydration worse if your horse isn’t drinking enough water (remember to eat a bag of potato chips without anything to drink!). And while we want our horses to be fed and entertained while we drive, think twice about the hay you put before them too. There are billions of dust, mold and bacteria in this hay, not to mention larger particles that can be inhaled or get in your eyes. The best way to feed and water your horse on long rides is to stop every four hours. Have your horse untie so it can lower its head, and then feed and water your horse off the ground. This allows him to clear his windpipe and eat in a more normal position.

How to travel safely:

We need to be able to travel with our horses, but we also need to do it in a way that keeps them as comfortable and healthy as possible.

Before you go:

Measure your horse’s vital signs before you start so you know what’s normal for him. Do not exercise excessively the day before the trip. We know that maximum training can impair immune function, so it’s best not to start out already depressed and tired. Give your horse plenty of hay the night before and reduce his grain meal if he gets any. Encourage him to drink plenty of water. Use water flavoring like some of the horse teas, Gatorade or anything that encourages your horse to drink. Make sure your trailer is well ventilated. That doesn’t mean your horse sticks its head out of the window like a dog (which I’ve seen!), but that you have proper ventilation and window screens to let in the fresh air and keep out street grime. If you don’t have window screens, consider letting your horse wear a fly mask when traveling to protect his eyes. If you drive in hot weather, try driving at night when temperatures are not as high. Also, two mats on the floor prevent your horse from getting that close to the heat of the floor. A safety thermometer in the trailer shows you the temperature your horse is struggling with in the trailer. High temperatures won’t necessarily make you scrap your travel plans, but you will know whether or not to take more water breaks. And finally, make sure your truck and trailer are in good shape before you even hit the road!

When you arrive:

Once you have reached your goal, make sure your horse gets plenty of rest, fresh water, and hay. He can also have his normal grain meal. Check his temperature twice a day for the first three days at your destination to make sure he hasn’t developed shipping fever. Try to arrive at least twenty-four hours before your competition so he can fully recover from the stress of travel. If you have concerns about your horse’s health upon arrival, consult a veterinarian.

Registered 2011 by Equestrian Collections

Author: Sallie S Hyman, VMD, DACVIM, CVA

The information in this article is for educational purposes only and is not a substitute for evaluation by a horse professional. In particular, all horse owners should seek medical advice and treatment for their horses from a licensed veterinarian such as TEVA.

At Trails West Trailers we know that our customers have a passion for equestrian sport. We are experienced riders with decades of experience in various disciplines. We publish helpful articles that answer your most common questions about transporting horses for competition and leisure.

Welcome to the fifth article in our blog dedicated to healthy transportation – the Low-Down on Leg Wraps. We answer your most common questions about wraps and wrapping for transport and competition. If you’re wondering whether you need to wrap your horse’s legs to transport them or what leg wraps to use for trailering, read on!

“Do I need to wrap my horse’s legs before hanging?”

Almost always, yes. Whether you’re heading to a rodeo, a dressage test, or a distant trail ride, you should carefully wrap every leg that gets on this horse trailer. But like everything else in the horse world, there are exceptions to the rules.

Transport boots protect your horse’s sensitive legs from bumps and scratches.

Modern versions are almost foolproof to use. Just make sure you can get a finger between your leg and boot with some effort.

If you’re going to use the old-school quilted pads and polo wrap method, have a knowledgeable horseman show you the technique. It takes practice!

Keep in mind that there are times when you should skip the leg wraps:

When your horse has emergency colic and you are taking him to an animal hospital, speed is more important. Just go!

Use common sense. If you’re loading an untreated horse or a panicked horse, don’t bother with leg wraps.

Also think about your horse’s shoes. Shoes with long poles and egg poles could get caught on leg wraps. Your horse would be better off putting a layer of polo wraps over the pasterns or no wraps at all.

Finally, skip the leg wraps if it’s too hot. While you sit comfortably in the rig, your horse experiences a sporting event in the horse trailer. It’s exhausting balancing 1,000 pounds of horseflesh on four delicate legs at 60 miles per hour, uphill and downhill and cornering. Your legs get warm. And overheated legs put you at risk for ruptured ligaments and bent tendons.

Leg bandages and weather: how hot is too hot?

For both horses and humans, extreme temperatures are relative. Ninety degrees might feel stifling for a Buffalo, NY horse, but it’s a mild day for Scottsdale, AZ horses.

The breed, build and fitness level of your horse also play a role in trailer comfort and the need for leg wraps.

A lightly built Arabian capable of 100-mile endurance rides will handle a long, hot trailer ride better than a chubby Warmblood that’s been out in the fields for a year.

Horse ownership is like parenthood. You make decisions as they arise. As your competition approaches, keep an eye on local weather reports for excessive heat warnings. When you sweat, so does your horse. Skip the leg wraps and drag your horse in the cooler hours of the day when you’re questioning the temperature.

Trails West Trailers: the right choice for serious riders

At Trails West Trailers we know that horse racing is more than just a hobby.

Whether you love sorting, roping and corralling on your American Quarter Horse, or tackling 100-mile trail rides with your Arabian, competitive horseback riding is a lifestyle! We offer the highest quality horse trailers and caravans for competitive riders. Check out the other blogs in our Healthy Transport series and contact us to learn more about great horse trailers for competitive riders.

There are many reasons you might want to wrap your horse’s leg. And there are different techniques for applying wraps and reasons for wrapping. Here are the most common types of wraps or bandages you should know about.

Stable wraps or standing bandages

In the stall, standing or stall wraps help to prevent “stocking up”. Filling up is when fluids build up in the legs because the horse is standing on a hard surface and not moving to flush the fluid from the tissues. You often need to apply a bandage or compress when your horse is injured. You may want to avoid possible stall injuries if your horse is particularly restless at stall. If you are heading to a show boxing bandages can help keep your horse’s legs clean and if there is a wound bandages can help keep them clean and protected. Horses can be brought out in swaddles. This is to protect the horse from grazing injuries and protect existing injuries.

Bandages or bandages when riding protect a horse from chafing against obstacles such as jumps or gymkhana props, and assist in high-performance activities such as jumping, barrel racing, or other sports that place heavy stress on the horse’s legs. Polo wraps or exercise bandages can also be used to protect and support the legs when lunging, as the small circle the horse rides in can put a lot of strain on the legs.

Polos are also used for decoration. My daughter’s drill team made red wraps for her pony’s and horse’s legs to keep the team looking coordinated. You can also see wraps on parade horses. Because polos come in many fun colors (and are easy to make), there are many decorative options.

Choice of wrap or bandage type and length

The wraps for transport (trailering), stable and outer shells are longer than polo wraps. Stand or mailer packs are also fitted over “cotton” or thick quilted pads. Polo wraps are used alone. The exact length you need to purchase depends on the size of your horse. The lengths of the slings are usually specified in pony, horse or large horse sizes, to the nearest inch or centimetre, or small, medium, long and extra long. Stable bandages are usually about 15 cm wide.

Polos are narrower and shorter than stable or standing wraps. This is because polos are not applied over padding. Most horses require medium or horse-sized wraps. A pony or small, fine-boned horse may require pony-sized bandages, and if you have a very large-boned or draft horse, you will need the longest bandages. The good thing about long wraps is that they can usually be easily trimmed with scissors if they get too long.

Older wraps may have lace-like ties that have been tied into a bow. Newer wraps have Velcro strips. When deciding on a set of leg wraps, get wraps with wider closures if you have a choice. Narrow laces and buckles don’t distribute pressure as evenly as wide buckles. This is important as tight wraps and pressure points can be very damaging to a horse’s legs.

shipping packaging

When traveling, wraps or bandages will help support and protect your horse’s legs. When balancing in a truck or trailer, horses can easily step on their own or others’ feet, or scratch the side or partition of the box. Wraps also help keep legs clean when traveling to a show. Transport boots are easier to put on and take off, but most horse owners agree that bandages actually offer more support than boots.

use of cotton

Stable or standing wraps should be fitted over padding or “cotton”. Cotton are thick rectangles of quilted fabric. They help distribute the pressure of the wrap. As a wound dressing, a material like Animal Lintex or Gamgee that you keep in your first aid kit can be used under or in place of the cotton. Again, cotton comes in different sizes and you need to match the cotton to your horse’s size.

Most cotton slings and slings are made of synthetic materials or are a cotton blend. To clean them, you can just throw them in the washing machine. An additional rinse ensures that no detergent residue irritates a horse’s legs. Hang wraps to dry and roll up again for next use. Only put them in the dryer if you enjoy untangling big knots!

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If you watch horse races, you’ve seen some horses race with their legs wrapped and others run without them. Have you ever wondered what horse leg wraps are used for?

Horse leg wraps support tendons and ligaments and protect against abrasions and interference injuries. They are also used to cover wounds, keep flies off horses’ legs and sometimes placed on a horse because they add a little flair.

Horses wear bandages for a variety of reasons that are not apparent to most viewers. There are many considerations that go into deciding whether or not to use leg wraps on a horse.

Use of horse leg bandages

Leg wraps come in a variety of styles and uses. Some bandages are designed to be worn during training or during transport, others are designed to be worn when the animal is injured or is in a stall or small paddock.

Before using bandages for the first time, you must have an experienced person show you how to properly wrap a horse’s leg. Wrapping a horse’s legs incorrectly can seriously harm your horse.

Leg bandages are used to protect against injuries.

Leg wraps are optional at a horse race. Sport horses walk with bandages on their front legs, hind legs, all legs, and sometimes not at all. Does that say anything about the condition of the horse? No, it’s usually a decision that the coach makes based on experience.

I know some trainers who run every horse under their care in hind bandages. And I see other trainers who don’t like having anything on their horse’s legs unless it’s necessary.

Leg wraps at back

Bandages on the hind legs of horses are commonly used by racehorse trainers and are referred to as “beat-down bandages”. Rundown bandages are used to prevent friction abrasions and interference injuries.

Rundown abrasions occur during a race when horses fall onto the back of their pastern area, hitting the ground and creating friction. Horses running in deep tracks and horses with long pasterns are prone to graze.

To prevent abrasions, special felt pads are used to cover the rear ankle area. Pads are held in place with Vet Wrap, a stretchy, self-adhesive bandage.

Hind legs also protect against rapid cutting and scalping. Fast Slashes are a special type of interference injury. (Interference violations are explained in more detail below.)

Fast cutting and scalping,

“Speedy cuts” occur when the foot of the front leg meets the back leg, typically near the knee or ankle rather than the ankle area. Quick cuts happen when horses run hard and are often serious because the horse’s shoe toe acts like a knife against the soft tissue of the affected leg.

Rapid cuts can cause severe lacerations and tendon damage. Scalping is often used interchangeably with quick cuts; however, it should be limited to contact of the forefoot with the coronary ligament of the hind legs.

front leg wraps

A racehorse’s front legs are typically wrapped to protect them from interference injuries and to provide tendon support. Interference injuries occur when one of a horse’s limbs touches another while running.

Horse legs get hit for a variety of reasons such as: B. conformation, poor fitness, improper shoeing or the gait mechanism of the horse. A perfectly healthy horse could make a misstep during a race and kick its legs together, which could result in injury.

interference violations

The severity of an interference injury can range from a hair being rubbed to a deep cut. Interference injuries can cause bruising, pain, and swelling, particularly around the fetlock area.

to brush

Brushing is an interference injury that occurs when opposite limbs touch. In the front limbs, contact is usually from the horse’s knee to the hoof. For the hind legs, the strike is typically in the pastern area.

The interference tends to increase with the horse’s sway rate, although some horses’ contact decreases at higher speeds. So there doesn’t seem to be a direct correlation between higher speeds and high impacts.

Exaggerated

Hyperextension occurs when the toe of a horse’s hind foot strikes the lower back of the front leg. A blow to this area can result in serious injury and downtime for the racehorse.

Often an assault injury tears the ball of the heel or catches the back of the forefoot shoe. Bruises and scrapes are common on the lower limbs and can be minor or serious.

Forge

Smithing injuries cannot be protected by bandages, but it’s a type of interference injury, so I’ve included it for reference. Forging occurs when the rear toe strikes the sole of the horse’s front hoof, usually right after the front hoof has left the ground.

Leg wraps are used to support tendons.

Some trainers believe that bandages support the tendons in the horse’s legs when walking. However, no research has confirmed this as a fact. But they do help support weak or injured tendons.

It is important to know that leg wraps increase the temperature of a horse’s legs. That can be good and bad. Sometimes a vet can advise that heat helps with tendon injuries, but heat is often more harmful than beneficial.

How long can you leave standing bandages on a horse?

It would be best not to leave the bandages on your horse’s legs for too long without removing and re-wrapping them. I usually don’t leave it on for more than about 12 hours. But I know some people who change theirs every 24 hours without having any problems.

Leg wraps are often used to cover wounds.

Horses get hurt no matter how careful we are. If they cut their lower legs, it’s often best to dress the wound, cover it with gauze, and wrap your leg.

Horse leg bandages are used when trailering?

It would be best if you wrapped your horses’ legs when transporting the animal for a number of reasons. Horses need to move or their legs will swell. The pressure of the horse leg wraps increases blood flow and reduces swelling.

It is advisable to wrap a horse’s legs during transport to protect it from acute injury. The trailer will move and bump into the animal, and it will likely take a wrong step that could cause injury. Wrapping the legs protects against this.

Shipping packages should be long enough to cover from the top of the ankle to the coronary band. You can buy transport boots that protect against acute injuries better than most bandages.

Horse leg wraps are used to keep vermin away from a horse’s legs.

The fight against flying insects around a horse stable is endless. These pests aggravate horses’ entire bodies, including their legs. Some horses slam their feet to ward off horseflies.

Beating the ground to keep pests off their legs might seem like a good idea, but constantly stomping their feet can injure a horse’s legs. To prevent these pests from irritating your horse, you can wrap his legs.

There are special gaiters and bandages specifically designed to protect against horseflies. But wrapping the legs with standard standing wraps works well.

Leg wraps improve a horse’s appearance.

Horse competitions are usually all about winning, but there’s no reason not to look good. Some trainers go out of their way to make their horses look special. They use stylish braiding and colorful wraps to enhance their horse’s appearance.

For many trainers, the use of unnecessary equipment is a risk that is not worth it. Wrapped legs aggravate some horses and can become untied during a race if not properly wrapped.

Types of leg wraps for horses

There are two main types of horse leg wraps and each has a specific use.

Polo Bandages: These bandages are typically worn for support during competitions and practices.

These bandages are typically worn for support during competitions and exercises. Standing Wraps/Stable Wraps: These wraps are used to treat swelling, support tendons, treat wounds, and apply pressure. Standing bandages have two layers, an inner layer of padding made of thick quilted fabric that helps distribute pressure and an outer bandage to keep the inner layer in place.

Below is a YouTube instructional video on how to use horse standing wraps.

FAQ

When should you bandage a horse’s leg wound? You should wrap almost all open cuts as soon as you clean them and apply an antiseptic cream or gel to prevent infection.

Once your horse’s wound is bandaged, check it daily for infection. If you notice any complications or signs of infection, call your veterinarian. How long does it take for a horse wound to heal? Horses generally heal from superficial cuts relatively quickly, a week or two. Stitching a laceration helps it heal more efficiently because less new tissue and skin is needed to close the wound.

However, remember that horses are individuals and every wound is unique, so healing times will vary. If you are concerned about the time it will take for your horse’s wound to heal, consult a veterinarian.

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Traveling with your horse can be stressful at the best of times, so a trip to the vet can add extra stress. We share a few tips from our grooming team to make traveling with your horse or pony as stress-free as possible.

Work out! Some horses may go to shows every week, so traveling is routine for them. However, many young horses and older horses may not have been in a horse box or trailer for some time. So practice loading your horse or pony at least every month to encourage your horse to remain confident when loading and traveling.

Your horse transport should undergo regular security checks to ensure it is safe for its purpose. Particular attention should be paid to the flooring and tire pressure.

Allow enough time for your trip so your horse can have a smooth ride.

Transport your horse in suitable blankets (if necessary). In winter or on colder days, a breathable blanket (e.g. fleece or cool box) may be required. Turnout blankets should not be used. Covering a horse for travel can be stressful.

Travel with your horse in what is used to travel, this can be a full set of travel boots, grooming boots or nothing at all. It is important that any safety equipment is practiced at home first so any equipment that causes stress can be spotted before the trip.

Horses should be transported in a well-fitting halter (ideally leather). Pressure halter and bridle should be removed once on the trailer.

Horses should be tied to a thin rope or release clip with a quick release knot.

Make sure you have enough hay and water on board to accommodate unforeseen circumstances such as traffic jams.

Also, keep emergency numbers visible on your mode of transport so you can be contacted immediately if your horse is left unattended and an incident occurs.

Many of us have a preference when it comes to travel boots and bandages and will stick with most of our horses or ponies. Some of us might even use other types of leg armor for certain particularly tricky travelers who can easily get upset, but the vast majority of us use travel boots or bandages to ensure a safe journey!

Here I look at both travel boots and bandages to find the good and bad points of both.

travel boots

There is a wide range of travel boots on the market today with different features and protective properties. Travel boots are typically large, padded boots that hit higher on the leg than regular training or turnout boots and typically cover the ankle or knee to the crown band. Click on the link to take a look at some of the travel boots available.

The positive aspects of using travel boots:

¤ Easy to put on, they usually have three or more straps, often with Velcro to secure them in place.

¤ Significantly faster application compared to bandages

¤ Cover a larger area and end higher up the leg.

¤ Certain models have additional padding or reinforced areas to provide additional protection against impacts, particularly around the ankles and ankles.

¤ Many models have a soft and comfortable lining

¤ Often match travel blankets to create a coordinated travel look.

Travel boots are easy to use, eliminating the need to apply even pressure like bandages, and offer a high level of protection. Provided the boots are fastened correctly and securely enough to prevent them from moving during use, travel boots are practical all-round boots for all lengths of travel.

bandages

Bandages are great all round leg protection that goes beyond travel. They have been used to protect horses’ legs for many years and predated travel boots.

The positive aspects of using bandages:

¤ Versatile for other purposes such as securing bandages for injuries and stables

¤ Apply even pressure for extra support

¤ Easier to keep clean and wash – fits in a domestic washing machine

¤ Stay securely in place, very unlikely to move or slip unless properly secured

¤ Provide more support, which can be particularly beneficial for those who have just competed or who have a strain or injury that requires extra protection

¤ Less bulky compared to bandages, so a horse or pony is unlikely to be disturbed or unsettled by wearing it

Bandages offer the necessary protection in a traditional but effective way and also support people with tired legs or even with an injury. They remain a popular choice today and are often ideal for longer journeys where extra support is needed or for horses that easily get upset about odd bulky boots.

There are a few disadvantages to both travel boots and bandages, such as:

Bandages must be applied correctly and with even pressure to prevent pressure points or even tendon injuries. If the bandage is lost it can also come loose and pose a risk of being pinched or startling the horse – ultimately negating any benefit while riding.

Travel boots also need to be properly adjusted to avoid a potential hazard. Too loose and the boots will slip and move, potentially unnerving the horse. This also affects his abilities and protection perks.

Applying bandages can take time unless you are very skilled at it and do it regularly.

Travel boots also do not provide the same level of support as bandages, they generally fit more loosely and do not wrap around the horse’s legs like bandages which offer much less support.

Bandages cover less surface area than travel boots and therefore offer certain areas of the leg, such as B. the ankle, no protection.

Finally, travel boots can sometimes annoy inexperienced travelers or those who don’t want to travel due to the bulk and general feel of such large boots. It is often best for these horses to have a bandage applied to prevent further upset.

A time for travel boots and a time for bandages

Deciding whether to use travel boots or bandages will depend heavily on the horse or pony you are traveling with, perhaps the distance you are traveling and how much protection you feel you need.

If your horse or pony is a poor traveler and doesn’t like to travel, perhaps moving around and risking injury in the process, then travel boots may be better for the extra protection they offer as they cover more of the horse’s leg and are often very durable in design are. It is recommended to try on a pair in the stable yard first to ensure that wearing travel boots does not upset your horse even more.

If your horse is easily annoyed by new and unfamiliar things, travel boots may not be the way to go. Bandages would be a less intrusive option as they fit with less bulk and do not impede the horse’s movement. The tight fit of bandages can also provide extra comfort to soothe your horse compared to the looser travel gaiters.

If you don’t travel far it may be more convenient to quickly put on some travel gaiters instead of bandages, but either can be suitable for longer distances, again depending on your horse and the right fit.

If you know your horse is prone to injury, you should use the highest level of protection. Travel boots cover a larger area of ​​your horse’s leg and therefore provide more protection, but remember, if using travel boots might upset your horse, then they will hinder more than they will help. In this case, bandages are more suitable.

The verdict on travel boots versus bandages

Overall, travel boots and bandages provide the necessary protection for your horse’s sensitive legs and each has many positive points. It is up to us as owners and riders to provide our horses with the appropriate protection. There will be a number of different factors that will ultimately influence our choice and much depends on the individual horse and the journey that is to be undertaken. As long as our horses are as calm and comfortable as we allow them to be, all that remains is a good and safe journey and enjoy the journey!

Do you have experience with travel boots, bandages or both? Or maybe you found another effective product for leg protection while traveling? Leave us a comment and share your experience with us.

Thanks for reading and safe travels!

Keywords: bandages, horses, leg protection, travel boots, travel

Since no two horses are alike on the planet, there is no one-size-fits-all answer as to how far a horse can travel in a day. First of all, you should know that a horse moves its legs in three different ways, from the slowest gait, the faster trot and the fastest canter.

Second, many different factors affect how much a horse can cross during the day, including the horse’s breed and age. However, its speed also depends on the load being carried, the terrain and weather conditions. Let’s take a closer look.

Horses of today vs. horses of the past

Always remember that people use horses differently today than they did hundreds of years ago. There is no need to rely on these animals for the long daily journeys, so they have adapted to the new circumstances.

Unlike horses that were historically trained for everyday travel, modern horses are, with rare exceptions, less able to do the same. While horses back then walked about 35 miles a day, most of them can only walk 25 miles a day today.

How far can a horse travel in a day

There are a few crucial factors that will affect your long journey ahead. The most important things to take care of are your fitness and ability and that of your horse.

They both need to be rested, well fed and hydrated. You should also check your equipment, terrain and weather conditions. Let’s take a look.

gait

The mileage a horse can cover in a day is highly dependent on the horse’s type of movement. The gait depends on your horse.

Some have efficient movements by nature, allowing them to travel faster and farther with less energy burned. In addition, they are more convenient for the driver. You can recognize two gaits, including:

Natural gait

It includes walking, trotting and running.

Natural Gait – A simple natural gait means a four-stroke gait and covers up to 6.5 km/h.

– A simple natural gear means a four-stroke and covers up to 6.5 km/h. Trot – At the trot, a horse can perform a two-beat gait at a speed of about 13.9 km/h.

Strolling walk

It’s a combination of natural and learned movements, like cantering and cantering.

Canter (lop) – It is a 3-beat gait that allows a horse to cover 10 to 17 mph (4.5 – 7.5 km/h).

– It is a 3-beat gait that allows a horse to cover 10-17 mph (4.5-7.5 km/h). Canter – It can be both a natural gait and a strolling gait, and means a horse travels approximately 30 mph (48.5 km/h).

horse pace

Horses can walk or gallop at a specific pace and average speed per mile. It may vary depending on horse type, rider skill, terrain and weather conditions.

As I mentioned earlier, a typical horse may walk at around 6.5 km/h, trot at around 8 and 12 mph (13.9 – 19.5 km/h), while at least 25 and Can reach 30 mph (40 – 48 km/h) at a gallop.

Horse speed Gait Average speed Walk 6.9 km/h Trot 12.9 – 19.3 km/h Canter 16 – 27.3 km/h Gallop 40.2 – 48.3 km/h)

Never believe the famous scenes from movies. Most average horses can only cover 3 km (2 miles) at a canter pace without tiring and about 32 km (20 miles) at a trot pace. You can ride your horse 25 and 35 miles (40-56.5 km) non-stop if he is walking smoothly.

The average trail horse in reasonable shape can complete a journey of 80.5 km (50 miles) in one day, while a fit endurance athlete can travel as much as 161 km (100 miles) in one day. On the other hand, most of them can’t stand a few consecutive days of riding without a day or two off.

A fitter animal can cover more distance by trotting and cantering part of the way. Note that there aren’t many riders who can keep up this pace. On the other hand, some horses cannot ride eight hours in a day.

Equine health and fitness

Regular exercise and training keep the horse healthy and fit. However, it is recommended that you take your pet to the vet for a thorough check-up prior to travel. There are a number of factors that affect the overall fitness of the horse.

For example, older horses often have health issues like arthritis and can’t go for hours and keep up with the pace. The same applies to newly injured animals.

Remember that horses tend to follow their team regardless of fatigue and pain. Therefore, you should be careful to avoid overloading. Tired animals are prone to tripping and injury, so use caution and responsibility.

The best option is to maintain a reasonable pace, stop frequently, and provide proper riding gear and adequate food and water during the ride. Otherwise there is a risk of irreparable damage.

Keep in mind that there are some techniques to improve a horse’s fitness, but it’s a long process. It will be easier with a young, energetic and healthy animal, but you should be less demanding with an older and less robust horse.

Note that a horse cannot maintain the same gait rhythm throughout the ride and this often depends on the riding conditions. Each horse will slow down in unfamiliar and uncomfortable terrain, increasing the total ride time.

As you can imagine, it’s not the same whether you travel across the plains or the steep hills. The up and down movements put more strain on the horse’s cardiovascular system and limbs, preventing it from going as fast as it can on flat terrain.

In addition, the hard, rocky, sandy, muddy and bumpy ground negatively affects the horse’s joints and hooves. Therefore, it will slow down the pace to avoid injury. The best option for long-distance travel is grass fields.

weather conditions

Always check the weather conditions in advance and avoid a trip if the day is too hot or too cold. Believe it or not, the weather can significantly affect horseback riding trips, especially if you’re planning a full-day excursion.

Most horses do best in the optimum temperatures of 70 and 90 F (21 – 32 C). Rainy days will slow down your pet, mainly because of the slippery ground. Also, no horse will not enjoy getting wet. Expect your horse to seek shelter after 2-7 miles (3-11 km) in the rain.

In most cases, an average horse can cover about 10-20 miles (16-32 km) when it’s snowing and temperatures are low. After that, they will seek warmth.

In addition, extreme weather can lead to serious injury and illness in horses. For example, dehydration on hot days leads to low electrolyte levels, which always have serious health consequences.

Remember that hot, windy weather with low humidity can cause sweat to evaporate quickly. You will not notice any sweating in such a situation as it dries quickly, but be aware that the horse can still lose electrolytes.

On the other hand, traveling on windy and frosty days without proper protective gear is likely to cause muscles to stiffen, while frozen ground can injure your horse’s joints and hooves.

Feed, water and rest the horse

Fed and rested horses that have had enough water will get through a long ride quickly and recover afterwards. Always make sure you can find adequately spaced and accessible water sources along the trail, offer your overheated horse water regularly, and allow it to cool down and rest as much as it needs.

gear

The right bridle is one of the most important things to look out for when riding a horse, especially if you are going on long journeys. The same applies to saddle and bridle.

Improperly fitting equipment will greatly affect your journey, shortening the distance you can cover in a day and leaving you dissatisfied and disappointed.

An additional problem is the loss of a shoe while riding over the rocky terrain, making it impossible to continue.

Driver skills and fitness

Finally, you need to be sure you are physically fit and able to complete the long distance in one day. For example, if you’re not skilled enough to lead your horse over rocky terrain or puddles, you can get stuck in the middle of nowhere.

Always test your endurance by riding a few shorter trails before a long trip. As you already know, riding for hours is tiring and can be quite painful. Even the most experienced riders will struggle to cope with such an effort.

summary

You can ride an average, healthy and energetic horse 25 and 35 miles (40-56.5 km) in a day in ideal conditions. However, most of them will only successfully manage 15 and 20 miles (24 – 32 km) a day with adequate water, food and rest. Remember that the distance traveled also depends on you, the weather conditions, the terrain and the equipment you use.

Veterinary News

When you start putting bandages on and off nine horses every day, you quickly realize that Velcro boots have a lot to offer. I have now set out to find out which ones are better for the horse. Is it really necessary to cover the horse’s legs and if so what offers better protection, gaiters or bandages?

Scientific research on boots and bandages?!

Belgian veterinarian and European specialist in equine surgery, Dr. Maarten Oosterlinck, points out that a variety of gaiters and bandages have been developed over the years and so far there is no consensus on their effectiveness. “Some are chosen purely for aesthetic reasons, as they can ‘look great’ on horses’ limbs,” Maarten said.

Bandages and gaiters are sold primarily as “protective gear”, meaning that they are intended to support the lower leg (limit pastern extension) and/or protect the limb from trauma (as well as from the surface on which the horse is treading (e.g. western and endurance riding. Horses) than external objects such as poles (jumping horses) and the impairment of another limb.

“However, the scientific information is very limited. Both boots and bandages have their own pros and cons,” explained Oosterlinck.

Bandages, taping, or soft gaiters are not effective in reducing ankle extension, although one study has shown a significant reduction in ankle extension of about 1° from support gaiters, which equates to a theoretical reduction of about 200-300 Newtons at the walk and trot (Kicker et al., 2004).

“Whether this represents a significant reduction in injury prevention is not known. Limb forces are around 4000-6000 Newtons at the walk and trot, which means the reported reduction is around 5% of maximum vertical force,” added Maarten.

Oosterlinck found that only a splint and a specific type of “tendon support boot” (having a semi-rigid shell and a hinge joint that pivots at the level of the fetlock) have been shown to provide fetlock support, which can be useful during treatment of tendons -/ligament injuries and during rehabilitation (Smith et al. 2002).

Maarten believes that optimal conditioning and preventing fatigue can be a more efficient means of limiting self-injury and ankle strain than bandages and boots. With inconclusive evidence on what’s best, Maarten adds that boots may offer a little more protection from trauma and are said to be easier to put on, while improper application (overtightening!) of bandages can quickly lead to chafing.

“However, proper boot fit and adjustment is essential and dirt can collect between the boot and the skin, which can cause skin irritation,” he explained. “Bandages are meant to provide a little more support, although this hasn’t been scientifically proven in studies. Both boots and bandages increase limb temperature after exercise (Westermann et al., 2014), with a higher increase when using bandages than when using boots. Although unproven, this has been linked to the development of tendinopathy.”

Command or legroom can also pose risks, and Maarten suggests that depending on the discipline, trauma from limb interventions or from the environment may be highly likely and therefore limb protection may be warranted.

“It also depends on the physique, character etc. of the individual horse. On the other hand, some horses with no particular risk factors can be trained easily without spats or bandages…”

bandages, a hook 22?

dr Lesley Hawson studied equestrian science and is also well researched in the field of horse injuries and prevention. She explained that horses’ lower limbs are very susceptible to injury and that many practitioners recommend covering horses’ lower limbs for protection and support purposes.

“There is no doubt that covering the lower limbs will prevent penetrating injuries, but the jury is divided on whether many of the products on the market offer protection from concussion or impact injuries,” said Lesley.

So if we understand that we have concussions/strains, ie. H. internal injuries, what is the best way to protect ourselves from injuries that we can prevent?

“Bandages or wraps have traditionally been used to cover wounds, to prevent a horse from ‘stocking up’ when a horse is confined in a confined space for a period of time, and to protect the horse from hitting itself” , explained Lesley. “They are typically made of a soft, slightly stretchy, and absorbent material that wraps around the leg, with or without padding. There are also specialized veterinary bandages that are used to temporarily stabilize joints or fractures and are made of many layers of different materials.”

Such great bandages are hip, aren’t they? Not exactly! While bandages protect a horse from shock itself, Lesley adds that due to the high insulating qualities provided by layers of soft material, bandages are NOT recommended for use on horses engaged in long periods of work.

“Although studies have shown that bandaged legs absorb more energy than unbandaged legs, it is probably impossible to apply a traditional wrap bandage tightly enough to reduce ankle hyperflexion without compromising blood supply to the surface of the limb or possibly causing a bandage kink the flexor tendons. Bandages prevent minor abrasions and bruises, but they can be difficult to apply properly.”

Bandages are therefore excellent for protection in the stable or for wound care, but not so good for training sessions. So let’s look at boots

“Boots can be made from a variety of materials, from leather to neoprene and Kevlar. They can be lined or unlined. They are designed to fit on top of the cannon bones and sometimes over the fetlocks down to the fetlock and are often attached with straps or velcro,” explained Lesley, adding that boots can be useful to protect the lower limbs from impact, protect against scratches and punctures.

“They minimize damage to horses that compromise their own legs due to conformational or biomechanical errors. Splints or boots are good for protecting the horse’s legs when the horse is doing quick work or work that may cause it to hit itself, e.g. B. when learning to do lateral work.

Choosing the right leg protection

How do we choose boots for dressage horses?

“Gaiters used on dressage horses should cover the inside and back of the leg, but may be open over the front of the gun to facilitate heat dissipation,” Hawson added.

Lesley admits that the ideal leg cover for the training horse would be light weight, resistant to penetration by sharp objects and able to protect the leg from concussion forces. It would promote effective heat transfer away from the soft tissue structures in the distal limb and prevent overstretching beyond the normal range of motion of the ankle.

“It would be easy to put on and take off (like boots) but flexible enough to conform to the horse’s legs (like bandages). That ideal product doesn’t exist yet,” she admitted.

So while there are good reasons for using leg protection on our horses, there are also disadvantages. Despite the many claims made by manufacturers, there is little evidence that sports medicine or performance boots reduce sprains and stress injuries.

“The biomechanics of the horse are such that adding weight to the lower limbs has a profound effect on the performance of the horse’s legs. The horse must do extra work to pull the limb off the ground in the swing phase of the walk and again control the weighted leg during flight. The ankle area also appears to be particularly sensitive to tactile stimuli, so the mere presence of a bandage or boot creates increased flexion in the swing phase. This sounds like the horse’s movement would feel more active, but Clayton (2011) suggests that overall flexion does not increase and therefore does not improve limb movement in relation to the demands of dressage,” explained Hawson .

According to Hawson, it’s also possible that the extra weight on the limbs increases the “exercise” for the muscles involved in the movements, but it’s unclear what impact this might have on the vital tendons and ligaments of the lower leg, since that’s not the Fall is a response to movement in the adult horse. Bandages or deep-lined boots are heavier than unlined boots. Moisture also makes leg coverings heavier if they are made of absorbent materials.

“The large tendons that run down the back of the horse’s legs get very hot during exercise. The horse is very efficient at dissipating heat during exercise, but this system is disrupted when it wears covers on its legs that prevent heat loss during and after strenuous exercise. The cells that make up the tendons appear to withstand high temperatures for short periods of time (Birch et al., 1997), such as during a gallop, but it is possible that they are more susceptible to injury, including overexertion, if they do not cool down quickly. Bandages and heavier boots also store more heat than lighter boots. Many modern boots now have vents or mesh to encourage heat loss.”

In summary, horses have lived and worked without leg coverings for eons. Whilst horses working without leg protection are at an increased risk of bumps and knocks, there is also ample evidence that some types of leg coverings can actually contribute to damage to the limbs they are trying to protect.

by Sarah Warne for Eurodressage

Photos © Astrid Appels – Barbara Schnell – Silke Rottermann

similar links

Taping for talent

Keeping horses barefoot: a fundamentally healthy horse

Uniforms and bandages will be discussed at the 2005 FEI Freestyle Forum

Are boots or bandages better for leg protection? Professor Roger Smith FRCVS and Professor Michael Schramme weigh the pros and cons at this week’s Vet Clinic

Most horses are routinely ramped up or bandaged for exercise. While some form of protection is widely considered essential, there are benefits and risks to covering or accidentally confining the lower limbs.

A common misconception is that bandages “support” the limb by preventing overstretching of the ankle. A well applied multi-layered clinical bandage can provide some support in a foal or very small pony, but studies have shown that this is not the case in an adult horse.

To achieve this, more rigid materials such as a splint or fiberglass cast or orthopedic boots (e.g. EqueStride or FastTrack) must be used. These newer boots can be used while the horse is out in the fields or even being ridden, but they are not negligible and are intended for injury recovery rather than routine use.

A simple cloth bandage in the cannon area – a so-called “gymnastics bandage” – obviously does not support the fetlock joint because it does not cover it. It’s sometimes claimed that exercise wraps help the flexor tendons, but it’s hard to imagine how. The superficial digital flexor tendon is subjected to peak loads of more than a ton during exercise, so wrapping it in a bandage has no effect.

However, a training bandage or boot can protect against external trauma that typically occurs due to overreach — when a hind foot hits the back of a front leg. This blunt trauma can be massive and cause significant tendon damage. A cloth bandage probably won’t offer much protection except from the lightest of blows, but rigid boots can be life-saving.

Limb covers can also help with a horse’s proprioception. This is the part of the nervous system that keeps track of where the limbs are at a given point during movement to effectively coordinate locomotion. It is believed that bandages could provide sensory “cues” to improve coordination, which can be helpful – especially when the horse is tired.

Swelling of the legs is common, particularly in the hind legs, due to the physics associated with leg length, the effects of gravity, and the slow backflow of blood through the limbs. Bandaging the legs for work does not help as the limbs tend to swell when the horse is not moving, but applying bandages in the stable can be effective to reduce or prevent swelling.

pressure and temperature

While some pressure is required to keep an exercise bandage in place, it is important that this pressure is not excessive. The bandage must be applied evenly and with the correct tension, with each turn of the bandage overlapping between one-third and one-half of its width. Adding adequate padding underneath can reduce the risk of over tightening.

Otherwise bandage wounds (affecting the skin) or bandage arches (affecting the underlying tendon) can very quickly occur. This is a real risk for a training horse due to the extra movement in the limbs.

A bandage or boot can increase the temperature in the flexor tendons and suspension ligament. In particular, the superficial digital flexor tendon generates heat during exercise due to repeated cycles of stretching and relaxing during normal locomotion. You can appreciate this effect if you quickly stretch and release a thick rubber band before holding it to your forehead.

The temperature in the tendon can exceed 45 °C during intense exercise. This rise in temperature is counteracted by blood flow through the tendon and the cooling effect as the limb moves through air. However, a bandage limits the cooling effect and, if too tight, can even reduce blood flow through the tendon.

The effects of an increase in temperature are not fully understood, but research at the Royal Veterinary College’s Laboratory of Tendon Biology has shown that brief periods of hyperthermia (elevated temperature) induce apoptosis – programmed cell death – and therefore could have a deleterious effect on the tendon.

Interestingly, brief periods of hypothermia (cooling) after hyperthermia have been shown to protect against this cell death. This observation provides scientific support for the already established methods of cooling horses’ limbs after periods of intense exercise.

It is also useful to use boots with ventilation to allow air to circulate around the tendons, or to remove bandages immediately after exercise to apply cold water or cooling products to the limbs if needed.

The complete removal of stress from a tendon, such as that achieved by cast immobilization after an injury, leads to weakening of bones and tendons and can result in tendon relaxation and some pastern sagging after the cast is removed, particularly in young, growing animals. However, due to the inability of exercise bandages or boots to ‘unload’ a tendon, the benefits of normal loading – required for tendon health – are unlikely to be diminished by their use.

Assess the risks

The choice of boot or bandage should be made depending on the likely risks posed by the specific type of exercise the horse is engaged in. Any activity that increases the potential for external trauma, such as B. eventing or show jumping, requires a robust cover.

Boots can support more weight than bandages, but offer more protection as they are usually made of thicker material. Since physical protection would be a key feature, they should be tough but also light – to minimize the energy costs of locomotion – and adequately pliable to avoid direct injury to the skin and underlying structures by the boot itself.

Recent innovations in boot construction have sought to maximize protection and comfort while minimizing weight and water absorption using materials such as Kevlar, carbon fiber and neoprene.

Although the elasticity of a material can be considered important for flexibility, increasing the stretch during use can increase the risk of a boot strap or bandage becoming too tight.

It remains important to think carefully about why you are using leg protection so that a benefit/risk assessment can be made. Putting on gaiters and bandages is an established and routine part of equestrian sport, but there is still a lot to be learned about their effect.

Further research will continue to provide scientific information and help us make the right decisions.

Chic boots

In a world of increasing miniaturization and advancing digital technology, tack and accessories have the potential to play a proactive role in equine health.

Boots can be instrumented to provide data that may prove useful in diagnosing, monitoring, and preventing injuries. An example is the Ekico boot, which measures gait asymmetry via pressure sensors to compare pastern function at key points of the horse’s stride: the attack phase, momentum and push-off. The boots also record the surface temperature of the limb, which may be relevant to hyperthermia.

Because early detection of movement problems tends to improve outcomes, products like these “smart boots” could be helpful in detecting lameness before it’s visible to the eye. This type of wearable technology is currently in its infancy, but could eventually become part of a horse’s everyday wardrobe.

H&H August 13, 2020

About the authors

Professor Roger Smith FRCVS, Professor of Equine Orthopedics at the Royal Veterinary College (RVC), is a surgeon at the College’s Referral Hospital and also leads research into tendon disorders in horses. rvc.ac.uk/equine-vet; rvc.uk.com/equine-stem-cells; 01707 666272.

Professor Michael Schramme worked at the RVC for many years and now works at the University of Lyon, where he specializes in equine surgery and lameness. The advantages of standing surgery

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How to protect your horse’s legs

Explore multiple options to protect your horse’s leg during exercise.

Most riders have one thing in common: a constant concern for the health and safety of their horse. Leg injuries are one of the most common injuries in horses. Many of these injuries can be prevented by using proper leg protection while exercising.

Polo wraps

The first type of leg armor we will be discussing is the polo wrap. These are usually fleece and have a slight stretch. Polo Wraps are the only leg wraps that offer tendon support and leg protection at the same time, making them popular with young horses that are not yet in full control of their bodies.

Polo wraps must be properly applied to the horse or you may increase the risk of a tendon developing during exercise. Watch this horse leg wrapping video from the Michigan State University Extension for a detailed description of how to apply a polo wrap. Make sure your bandages only put pressure on the front of the cannon bone and only light pressure on the delicate tendons behind the leg.

rail boots

Photo 2. Splint boot on horse’s right leg (green boot) and sports medicine boot on horse’s left leg (red boot).

Our next form of leg armor is the rail boot. In Photo 2, it is the green boot on the horse’s right leg. The splint boot, aptly named for the intended protection of the splint bone, is one of the simplest forms of leg armor. These boots only have three Velcro straps to attach.

Simply place the boot on the horse’s leg, slide it down slightly to smooth out the hair underneath and fasten the Velcro through the metal loops. You want them to be snug, but not so tight that they cause discomfort or restrict blood flow. Make sure the Velcro straps are facing the ponytail. Again, all the pressure is on the cannon leg, not the tendons.

Sports medicine boots

The right boot on the horse’s left leg in Photo 2 is a sports medicine boot. These boots offer all-round robust protection for the leg. These are made of thick neoprene and a Velcro layer. These are intended for strenuous, hard work such as speed events or endurance. These boots are also very easy to use.

Simply place the boot on the leg so that it encloses the pastern and bring the top three Velcro straps back around to secure, making sure the tails are pointing toward the horse’s tail. The bottom Velcro comes up and over the cuffs, providing support and protection for the cuffs during work.

Boots open toe

Photo 3. Open front boots.

Open gaiters are more common on horses used for fence activities. Those with Velcro are typically used for home training and those with buckles are more commonly used in competitions.

Each type of open front serves the same purpose: to protect the leg and tendons from cutting off the back feet, while still leaving the bulk of a boot in the front to avoid accidentally hitting a rail.

fetlock boots

Photo 4. Fetlock boots.

Fetlock boots are used on the hind legs to prevent the pasterns from catching each other, most commonly on horses used over fences. The scratch marks on photo 4 clearly show that these gaiters have already served their purpose on the horse.

These boots pair with the open buckle fronts discussed earlier to form a complete set. These boots are also available in a velcro kit that attaches similarly to the rail boots.

bell boots

Photo 5. Bell boots.

Our last type of leg protection that we will discuss here is the bell boot. Photo 5 shows two different types of bell boots, both of which serve a similar purpose of protecting the heel pad of the foreleg from being struck by an overhanging hindfoot. The striped green boot pictured is made of a comfortable, soft material that is strong enough to protect but gentle enough not to chafe the horse’s ankles. When a horse is moving in a strong gait, there is always a chance that a back hoof will strike a heel or hoof and possibly cause damage. By protecting the area while we work, we hope to avoid injury or expensive vet or farrier bills.

The black boot in the picture is more commonly used for everyday use and is made of rubber. These can also be used for work but are not as strong in high speed impact. Bell boots should always be in contact with the ground. The entire heel cup and shoe should be covered by the boot for proper protection.

While we can never completely eliminate all risks, we can work to prevent or reduce the risk of injury and keep both our horses and our wallets healthier.

Dressings vary widely in style and size, so it is important to choose the right dressing for use on a specific wound. A sterile dressing that has passed its expiration date should NOT be used.

A bandage is used in combination with a bandage when a wound is present. A roll bandage is used to hold a bandage in place. A triangular bandage serves as an arm sling or as a base to stop bleeding. It can also be used to support or immobilize an injury to a bone or joint, or as an impromptu padding over a painful injury. A tubular gauze bandage is used to hold a bandage on a finger or toe.

dressings

Sterile dressings

Wound dressings are contained in a sterile package that should be opened carefully by a person with clean or gloved hands. To avoid contamination of the sterile dressing, it is then not removed from the opened package until the wound is ready for dressing.

Dressings used to control bleeding must be bulky to ensure adequate pressure is applied to the injured area. The most common dressing consists of a combination of wool or cellulose covered with a light cotton fabric and these are commonly known as ‘combination dressings’.

Some important dressings are labeled BPC or BP (because they are listed in the British Pharmacopoeia) and consist of a sterile composite dressing with an attached bandage. They are ideal for filling crater wounds or controlling heavy bleeding.

Sterile gauze wipes are primarily used to clean a wound. Cotton should NOT be used as loose cotton fibers may stick to the wound as it heals.

Sterile non-adherent dressings

Very light dressings are used on a small wound to aid healing and most have a non-stick surface. A non-adherent dressing is often covered on one or both sides with a plastic film containing many perforations. If only one side has plastic liner, this is the side that will be applied to the wound. This allows liquids to penetrate an absorbent layer to keep the wound dry.

Other types of non-adherent dressings have a special synthetic coating on one or both sides to prevent sticking to the wound surface. The non-adhesive layer is always applied to the wound. To avoid confusion and misuse, some manufacturers make both sides liable.

Non-adherent dressings are used for extensive surface wounds such as abrasions or burns.

Improvised dressings

In an emergency, a bandage can be improvised from various materials. To control bleeding, a bulky pad can be made from a bundle of several facial tissues or any clean, non-fluffy material.

For a minor burn or scald, a piece of clean plastic kitchen wrap can be used first. However, for severe burns, it is important to use only sterile drapes to avoid the risk of infection. Cooling should be continued until a sterile dressing is available.

bandages

roll bandages

Roll bandages are very different depending on the purpose.

A roll bandage is used for:

• Keep a bandage on a wound

• Maintain pressure over a bulky pad to control bleeding

• Support an injured limb or joint

• Apply pressure to a limb

Depending on the pressure to be achieved, roll bandages are made of light cotton, crepe or elastic crepe. A lightweight cotton bandage is used to hold a bandage in place, while a crepe or elastic crepe bandage is used to provide support or firm pressure to a soft tissue injury.

Applying roll bandages

A roll bandage must be chosen carefully to ensure it is the correct width for the affected body part. As a general guide, the following widths are recommended:

• Forearm, elbow, hand and foot – 75mm.

• Upper arm, knee and lower leg – 100mm.

• Large leg or torso – 150mm.

It is best to use a bandage with some stretch in the fabric. This makes the bandage easier to use and more likely to stay in place for many hours. However, proper application technique is essential to provide comfort and adequate support to the affected part.

Basic steps for the successful use of a roll bandage:

Connect the part in the position that is most comfortable for the patient. Support the part adequately before beginning to apply the bandage.

Holding the tightly rolled bandage with the “head” of the bandage up, wrap the “tail” around the body part without unrolling more than a few inches at a time.

Begin with a locking twist to hold the beginning of the bandage securely under each subsequent twist.

Work outwards from the center of the body or extremities.

Work from the narrowest point below the bandage and work your way up.

Make sure each turn covers two-thirds of the previous turn.

Completely cover any bandages and pads used.

Finish with a straight twist at the end of the bandage.

Secure the bandage with a safety pin or tape. Avoid using metal clips as they are less secure and may fall out during activity.

Applying a roll bandage to the forearm or leg:

Place a bandage or padding on the affected area.

Begin with a diagonal, locking twist under the bandage or padding to secure the bandage.

Drive up the branch, covering two-thirds of each previous turn.

Finish with a straight twist to secure the bandage and secure with a pin or tape.

Applying a roll bandage to the elbow or knee:

Place a bandage or padding on the affected area.

Start with a full turn over the top of the elbow or knee to lock the bandage in place.

Make a second twist just below the first, with a third of the first twist over the top of your elbow or knee.

Do a third twist just above the first, again exposing a third of the first twist over the top of the elbow or knee.

Continue with one or two more turns, alternating from bottom to top over the affected joint until the bandage or padding is completely covered.

Avoid additional twists that put pressure on the inner surface of the joint.

Finish with a full twist above the elbow or knee and secure the bandage with a safety pin or tape.

Applying a roll bandage to the hand or foot:

Place a bandage or padding on the affected area.

Begin with a diagonal, pinching twist around the wrist or foot.

Apply the bandage across the back of your hand or foot to the base of your pinky or pinky toe, then make a full revolution around your fingers or toes.

Do another twist across the back of your hand or foot from your fingers/toes to your wrist/ankle.

Repeat these twists with each upward twist until the bandage or padding is covered.

Finish with a circular twist around the wrist knuckle and secure the bandage with a safety pin or tape.

Triangular bandages

Triangular bandages are usually made from cotton or calico that is cut in half diagonally. The bandage can be used in many ways as a sling or to immobilize broken bones and soft tissue injuries.

loop

In open form as a sling to support an upper body injury.

wide fold bandage

As a wide-fold bandage with the crown folded twice down to immobilize a lower body injury.

Narrow bandage

As a narrow-pleated bandage with a half-folded wide-pleated bandage to stop heavy bleeding or to immobilize a lower extremity.

As a collar sling for an upper body injury.

Pads

As a folded bandage, after bringing the ends of the narrow-fold bandage to the center three times, and for use on a large wound or as a padding.

Tying a reef knot with a triangular bandage

When using a triangle bandage, it’s important to use a hoop knot to secure it in place. A reef knot is a flat knot that will not unravel and is comfortable for the patient when placed correctly on the body.

Wrap the left end of the bandage over and then under the right end to begin the knot. Wrap the right end over and then under the left end to complete the knot. Pull the knot tightly from both sides to make sure it lies flat.

It is easy to untie a reef knot without shaking or injuring the patient. Just choose two paired ends as they will come out of the knot on one side. Then pull the ends apart evenly until two loops form and can be pulled off one end.

sling

This sling is used to support a forearm or hand

injury and for rib or collarbone fractures.

Encourage the patient to keep the affected arm in the most comfortable position in front of the body.

First, hold the bandage so that the base goes down the center of your body and the tip goes to the elbow on the affected side. Gently slip the top tip under the supported arm and wrap it around the back of the neck until it rests on the shoulder of the affected side.

Lift the bottom point and bring it up to the top point on the side of the neck on the affected side.

Tie the ends with a reef knot (see above) just above the collarbone to avoid pressure on the neck.

Adjust the sling so the fingertips are clearly visible, then bring the tip forward and secure it to the sling with a safety pin.

Finally, check the blood flow in the fingers and compare the tissue color with the fingertips on the unaffected arm. If there are signs of a circulatory disorder, loosen or remove the sling and any dressings underneath.

lifting sling

This sling is used for arm or finger injuries where the resident needs to keep the hand and arm in an elevated position.

Encourage the patient to raise the affected arm across the body with fingers pointing to the opposite shoulder tip.

First, hold the bandage so that the base goes down the center of your body and the tip goes to the elbow on the affected side. Gently place the bandage over the supported arm and wear the top end around the front of the neck until it rests on the unaffected shoulder.

Gently wrap the lower half of the bandage around the affected arm. Lead the free end of the bandage from the elbow over the back to the opposite shoulder point.

Gently twist the top tip around fingers, but avoid applying pressure to injuries. Tie the two ends together with a reef knot (see above) and place it just above the collarbone to avoid pressure on the neck.

At the point of the elbow, smooth the loose fabric under the sling forward along the arm. Secure the sling firmly to the elbow with a safety pin or tape.

collar sling

This sling is used to keep the forearm and hand in an elevated position when a full height sling is either not required, or to protect the patient in very hot weather. The sling consists of a narrow folded bandage used as a clove hitch.

Make a carnation clutch with two large loops of bandage. A loop is placed with the bandage end up and the other end down.

Fold the two loops in toward the center, making sure both ends are tucked between the loops.

Encourage the patient to raise the affected arm across the body with fingers pointing to the opposite shoulder tip. Then carefully slip the two loops over the hand and forearm with the ends hanging down.

Wear the two bandage ends on either side of the limb and around the patient’s neck. Adjust the bandage to allow tying

Reef knot (see above) just above collarbone on one side to avoid pressure on neck.

Reef knot (see above) just above collarbone on one side to avoid pressure on neck. The knot can be placed on either side of the neck depending on the location of the injury and the comfort of the patient.

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