Top 10 Typeerror Write Argument Must Be Str Not Bytes 13736 People Liked This Answer

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python – builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes – Stack Overflow

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Summary of article content: Articles about python – builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes – Stack Overflow The outfile should be in binary mode. outFile = open(‘output.xml’, ‘wb’). …
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python – builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes – Stack Overflow

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Summary of article content: Articles about TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python) | bobbyhadz The Python “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” occurs when we try to write bytes to a file without opening the file in wb … …
Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python) | bobbyhadz The Python “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” occurs when we try to write bytes to a file without opening the file in wb … The Python TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes occurs when we try to write bytes to a file without opening the file in `wb` mode. To solve the error, open the file in `wb` mode to write bytes or decode the bytes object into a string.
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TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python) | bobbyhadz

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Summary of article content: Articles about TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes – Bad Coder, No Cookie! In Python, “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” is caused by attempting to write a bytes to a file that was not opened with the mode “wb”. If a … …
Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes – Bad Coder, No Cookie! In Python, “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” is caused by attempting to write a bytes to a file that was not opened with the mode “wb”. If a … When writing to files in Python, “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” happens when you don’t open a file with the “wb” option.
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Preventing “TypeError write() argument must be str not bytes”

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TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes - Bad Coder, No Cookie! — TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes – Bad Coder, No Cookie!

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Summary of article content: Articles about Typeerror: write() argument must be STR, not bytes and the method of writing binary file in Python 3 | ProgrammerAH Typeerror: write() argument must be STR, not bytes and the method of writing binary file in Python 3 … The reason is: Python 3 adds a new … …
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Typeerror: write() argument must be STR, not bytes and the method of writing binary file in Python 3 | ProgrammerAH

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Summary of article content: Articles about Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki Problem. When trying to write out a GRIB or BUFR message to a file using codes_write, an error is generated. …
Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki Problem. When trying to write out a GRIB or BUFR message to a file using codes_write, an error is generated.
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Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki

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Summary of article content: Articles about Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki The solution to this error when saving a downloaded page to file:. “Python Error: TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” is … …
Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki The solution to this error when saving a downloaded page to file:. “Python Error: TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” is …
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Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki

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Summary of article content: Articles about 1597687 – [mozprocess] “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” with Python 3 Please note that the second half of the first comment is not related to this bug. This is the TypeError: unorderable types: NoneType() > int() part. Please edit … …
Most searched keywords: Whether you are looking for 1597687 – [mozprocess] “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” with Python 3 Please note that the second half of the first comment is not related to this bug. This is the TypeError: unorderable types: NoneType() > int() part. Please edit …
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builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes

I’ve converted my scripts from Python 2.7 to 3.2, and I have a bug.

# -*- coding: utf-8 -*- import time from datetime import date from lxml import etree from collections import OrderedDict # Create the root element page = etree.Element(‘results’) # Make a new document tree doc = etree.ElementTree(page) # Add the subelements pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, ‘Country’,Tim = ‘Now’, name=’Germany’, AnotherParameter = ‘Bye’, Code=’DE’, Storage=’Basic’) pageElement = etree.SubElement(page, ‘City’, name=’Germany’, Code=’PZ’, Storage=’Basic’,AnotherParameter = ‘Hello’) # For multiple multiple attributes, use as shown above # Save to XML file outFile = open(‘output.xml’, ‘w’) doc.write(outFile)

On the last line, I got this error:

builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes File “C:\PythonExamples\XmlReportGeneratorExample.py”, line 29, in doc.write(outFile) File “c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd”, line 1853, in lxml.etree._ElementTree.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:44355) File “c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd”, line 478, in lxml.etree._tofilelike (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:90649) File “c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd”, line 282, in lxml.etree._ExceptionContext._raise_if_stored (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:7972) File “c:\Python32\Lib\site-packages\lxml\etree.pyd”, line 378, in lxml.etree._FilelikeWriter.write (src/lxml/lxml.etree.c:89527)

I’ve installed Python 3.2, and I’ve installed lxml-2.3.win32-py3.2.exe.

On Python 2.7 it works.

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python)

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python)

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python) #

The Python “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” occurs when we try to write bytes to a file without opening the file in wb mode. To solve the error, open the file in wb mode to write bytes or decode the bytes object into a string.

Here is an example of how the error occurs.

main.py Copied! with open ( ‘example.txt’ , ‘w’ ) as my_file : my_file . write ( b’hello world’ )

We opened the file in w mode and tried writing bytes which caused the error.

If you need to write bytes to a file, open in it wb (binary) mode rather than w (text) mode.

main.py Copied! with open ( ‘example.txt’ , ‘wb’ ) as my_file : my_file . write ( b’hello world’ )

We opened the file in wb (binary) mode to write bytes to it.

Note that you shouldn’t specify the encoding keyword argument when you open a file in binary mode.

Alternatively, you can decode the bytes object into a string.

main.py Copied! with open ( ‘example.txt’ , ‘w’ , encoding = ‘utf-8′ ) as my_file : my_file . write ( b’hello world’ . decode ( ‘utf-8’ ) )

We opened the JSON file in w (text) mode.

When a file is opened in text mode, we read and write strings from and to the file.

Those strings are encoded using a specific encoding ( utf-8 in the example).

If you don’t explicitly set the encoding keyword argument, the default is platform-dependent.

If you want to both read from and write to the file, use the r+ mode when opening it.

If you append a b to the mode (like in the first code snippet), the file is opened in binary mode.

Note that you cannot specify encoding when opening a file in binary mode.

When a file is opened in binary mode, data is read and written as bytes objects.

The bytes.decode method returns a string decoded from the given bytes. The default encoding is utf-8 .

main.py Copied! with open ( ‘example.txt’ , ‘w’ , encoding = ‘utf-8′ ) as my_file : my_file . write ( b’hello world’ . decode ( ‘utf-8’ ) )

You can decode your bytes object to a string if you want to write strings to the file.

Conversely, the str.encode method returns an encoded version of the string as a bytes object. The default encoding is utf-8 .

main.py Copied! with open ( ‘example.txt’ , ‘wb’ ) as my_file : my_file . write ( ‘hello world’ . encode ( ‘utf-8’ ) )

The example shows how to encode a string to a bytes object and write the bytes to a file.

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes

When working with files in Python 3, the way you open a file determines what kind of data you can write to it. If you open it with just “w” as the mode parameter, you’ll get the error “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” when trying to write to it.

In Python, “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” is caused by attempting to write a bytes to a file that was not opened with the mode “wb”. If a file is opened with the “w” option only, write() can only accept a string.

The distinction between strings and bytes in Python 3 is the cause of a lot of headaches for newer programmers. Converting between the two is easy, such as with encode() or decode() . But, it’s important to know which one you’re dealing with first to prevent other TypeError s such as “str object has no attribute decode“.

Don’t worry, we’ll get to the bottom of this!

Preventing “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes”

Again, it’s important to know the difference between a bytes and strings in Python 3. Before diving into possible solutions for this error, let’s first attempt to reproduce it with a more trivial example. I highly recommend this method of debugging code, especially when you’re new to a language. I’ve learned more about Python through simple test scripts outside of whatever I am working on than I ever did just reading about the solution.

Reproducing “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes”

Let’s reproduce the error first. We’ll simply open up a file with the “wb” mode parameter and then try to write bytes to it. There’s lots of ways to create bytes-like objects in Python 3. The simplest way is to just prefix a string literal declaration with the letter “b”.

Below, we’re going to create a new file foo.txt for writing, then write our byte string b”foo bar baz” to it:

with open(“foo.txt”, “w”) as foofile: some_bytes = b”foo bar baz” foofile.write(some_bytes)

Looks legit, right? Nope. This is going to cause “TypeError: write() argument must be a str, not bytes”:

Traceback (most recent call last): File “/home/user/main.py”, line 4, in foofile.write(some_bytes) TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes

To fix this, we have a couple options:

open it with “wb”

convert the data to a string

Which one of these depends on the specific needs of your application.

Open the File With “wb”

If you’re really writing binary data to the file, such as an image or a video, you’ll want to just open the file with the “wb” option. Let’s take a look at how to do that below:

with open(“foo.txt”, “wb”) as foofile: some_bytes = b”foo bar baz” foofile.write(some_bytes) with open(“foo.txt”, “r”) as foofile: print(foofile.read()) # -> foo bar baz with open(“foo.txt”, “rb”) as foofile: print(foofile.read()) # -> b’foo bar baz’

That worked! I re-opened the file twice to verify the contents. One interesting thing about the mode parameter of open() is that you’ll get bytes or a string depending on the option. The options for open() are:

r – open the file for reading

– open the file for reading a – open the file for appending (put any new writes at the end, file must exist first)

– open the file for appending (put any new writes at the end, file must exist first) w – open the file for writing (create the file if it doesn’t exist, and overwrite anything in a file if it does exist)

– open the file for writing (create the file if it doesn’t exist, and overwrite anything in a file if it does exist) x – just create the file if it doesn’t exist

In addition to these options, you can also combine them with the type:

b – open the file in binary mode

– open the file in binary mode t – open the file in text (string) mode. This is default, so if you don’t specify it, it’ll expect strings and return strings when read() is called

Convert Your Data to a String

If you’re mostly just working with strings in your application, you can just convert the data to a string first. Don’t do this if you really want binary data instead!

Below we’ll open the file for writing the way we did in our original example. Then, instead of just writing the data as-is (as bytes), we’ll first call decode() on it. The decode method for bytes just says “turn this string of bytes into a string”. If you don’t provide an encoding to it, it’ll default to “utf-8”.

with open(“foo.txt”, “w”) as foofile: some_bytes = b”foo bar baz” foofile.write(some_bytes.decode()) with open(“foo.txt”, “r”) as foofile: print(foofile.read()) # -> foo bar baz with open(“foo.txt”, “rb”) as foofile: print(foofile.read()) # -> b’foo bar baz’

Perfect! We opened it and read the contents a second time with the “rb” mode just to see if it would still give us bytes back – it does. You don’t have to use the decode() function, however. You can also create a string object with the bytes as a parameter with foofile.write(str(some_bytes)) .

Conclusion

We looked at the cause of “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes”, which we determined to be opening the file with the wrong mode. We also looked at a couple different solutions to this:

Open the file with “wb” Convert the data to a string first

Both are fine, just make sure the one you pick makes sense for your application!

So you have finished reading the typeerror write argument must be str not bytes topic article, if you find this article useful, please share it. Thank you very much. See more: Typeerror write argument must be str not bytes numpy save, Write argument must be str not bytes pickle, Byte to string Python, String to byte Python, A bytes-like object is required, not ‘str, Write binary file python, TypeError must be str not bytes, Decode bytes Python

Top 10 Typeerror Write Argument Must Be Str Not Bytes 13736 People Liked This Answer

python – builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes – Stack Overflow

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python) | bobbyhadz

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes – Bad Coder, No Cookie!

Typeerror: write() argument must be STR, not bytes and the method of writing binary file in Python 3 | ProgrammerAH

Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki

Python3: codes_write error: ‘argument must be str, not bytes’ – ecCodes FAQ – User Documentation – ECMWF Confluence Wiki

1597687 – [mozprocess] “TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes” with Python 3

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes · Issue #636 · AcademySoftwareFoundation/OpenTimelineIO · GitHub

builtins.TypeError: must be str, not bytes

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes (Python)

TypeError: write() argument must be str, not bytes

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