Top 28 How Many Miles Do Soldiers March In A Day Best 279 Answer

You are looking for information, articles, knowledge about the topic nail salons open on sunday near me how many miles do soldiers march in a day on Google, you do not find the information you need! Here are the best content compiled and compiled by the Chewathai27.com team, along with other related topics such as: how many miles do soldiers march in a day how far can an army march in a day, how many miles do soldiers run, how far would a napoleonic army march in a day, how fast do soldiers march, when did the army start issuing dog tags, how much do marines run a day, longest military marches in history, Marching speed

The average for a march was between 8 and 13 miles per day, with 20 or more miles being more exhausting and less frequent. Also, the armies usually walked less after a battle, unless in retreat or in pursuit.A Roman soldier was a well-trained fighting machine. He could march 20 miles a day, wearing all his armour and equipment.The Army requires soldiers to run two miles, while the Air Force and Navy tests are only 1.5 miles. If you’re worried about passing a running test, practice in conjunction with the other fitness skills. The Army’s test requires you to do your pushups, then your sit-ups, then run.

How far could Roman soldiers march in a day?

A Roman soldier was a well-trained fighting machine. He could march 20 miles a day, wearing all his armour and equipment.

How many miles does a soldier run a day?

The Army requires soldiers to run two miles, while the Air Force and Navy tests are only 1.5 miles. If you’re worried about passing a running test, practice in conjunction with the other fitness skills. The Army’s test requires you to do your pushups, then your sit-ups, then run.

How far did Roman soldiers march?

An ordinary day’s march for the Roman army consisted of 15-18 miles done in 7 of our hours (or 5 of the Roman summer hours). The order of march followed is likely to have been some variation of that reported for legions in by Polybius (100-118 BCE), by Josephus (37-94 CE), and by Vegetius (4th century CE):

How far did Napoleon’s army march in a day?

HORWARD: And these men would march something like 30 miles in a day. They’d march for four hours, and stop and then march another three or four hours and then stop again. Napoleon understood the hardships his soldiers faced.

How far did ancient soldiers march?

The average for a march was between 8 and 13 miles per day, with 20 or more miles being more exhausting and less frequent. Also, the armies usually walked less after a battle, unless in retreat or in pursuit.

What is the army standard for a 12 mile ruck march?

Action: Conduct a 12 mile Foot March, mass start release. rucksack containing the appropriate seasonal packing list weighing a minimum 35 lbs (without water), on a 12 mile measured course. Standards: Each Ranger must complete the established distance of the foot march at no slower than a 15-minute per mile pace.

How far do Marines run a day?

Males must complete the three-mile run in 28 minutes or less. Females must complete the three-mile run in 31 minutes or less.

Why do Marines run 3 miles?

They need to have the endurance and leg strength before working on speed so they can maintain that speed and prevent injury.” However, once a Marine has that endurance they will need speed work, especially if they want to break 18 minutes on the three-mile, Hubbard added.

How fast do Marines run a mile?

Recommended Standards

Men have to complete a 1.5-mile run in 13 minutes, 30 seconds; women have 15 minutes. Both men and women must do 44 crunches in two minutes.

How fast is marching pace?

The US military uses a 30-inch step. Normal marching cadence is 120 steps per minute. That equals 3.4 miles per hour or a 17.64-minute mile.

How long is a marching step?

All steps in marching are variations of 30 inch or 15 inch steps. You must learn these well before you can proceed to unit drill. All marching movements executed from the halt begin from the position of attention. All marching movements, except for route step, march, and at ease, can be executed from the halt.

How tall was average Roman soldier?

Most scholars agree that the height of a soldier would range from about 165cm to about 175cm making the average height at around 170 cm or 5’7″. Romans were similar in height to people now. The average height of a Roman Soldier was 5′7 whereas the average American in 2016 is 5′9.

How fast did a Roman legion march?

A Full Pace march for a Roman Legionary in basic training required a march in daylight hours of 22 miles. Clearly it is entirely possible a Roman Legion could march 20-30 miles per day if needed.

How fast is the average soldier?

The average soldier should be able to walk at a speed of 6.5kph for 20km carrying 32kg (LBE, pack & rifle) with a heart rate below his lactate threshold. The special operations soldier should be able to complete the same task at a speed of 7kph.

How far do you ruck in basic training?

Loaded marches in the United States Army are known as ruck marches and are part of basic recruit training. In order to gain the Expert Infantryman Badge (a further qualification for existing infantry personnel) candidates must complete a ruck march of 19 kilometers (12 mi) within three hours, carrying a rifle and load.

How long did it take Romans to march in a day?

A Full Pace march for a Roman Legionary in basic training required a march in daylight hours of 22 miles. Clearly it is entirely possible a Roman Legion could march 20-30 miles per day if needed.

How long did it take to march across Europe?

These various contingents departed Europe in (roughly) August 1096, and arrived at Constantinople between November 1096 and April 1097. So, to get from one end of Europe to the other in the 11th century, it could take up to 9 months before you could stand on the edge of Asia.

How long did it take the Romans to march to Gaul?

Inheritance of Rome by Chris Wickham states on page 26 that in the late Empire, “to travel from Rome to northern Gaul took a minimum of three weeks, an army would take much longer”.

How much weight did Roman soldiers carry?

Soldiers have long carried heavy burdens into war, but today’s soldiers carry an unprecedented amount of weight. For the last 3,000 years, dismounted soldiers carried 55 to 60 pounds on average. This has almost doubled in the last 200 years. Roman legionnaires carried almost 60 pounds.


Female Captain Refuses to Give Up During Grueling 12 Mile March
Female Captain Refuses to Give Up During Grueling 12 Mile March


Soldiers On the Go – National Museum of Civil War Medicine

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What was life like in the Roman army? – BBC Bitesize

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How Fast Should You Run a Mile for Basic Training? | Healthy Living

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Walk-to-Run Program

How Fast Should You Run a Mile for Basic Training? | Healthy Living
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PBS – Napoleon: Napoleon at War

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Loaded march – Wikipedia

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JSTOR: Page Loading Error

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How Many Miles Did A Roman Soldier Walk In A Day? – History Answers

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Quick Answer: How Far Would A Napoleonic Army March In A Day? – pay for online class

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Soldiers On the Go

Soldiers On the Go

A Civil War army on a march must have been a sight to see: soldiers stretched out for miles, with horses and mules pulling large cannons, and followed by wagon trains. Beloved music and songs, especially after a victory, were heard coming from the troops. But what about the things they brought from home and carried with them on the march? Also, what of the injuries and other medical problems that soldiers acquired from marching? We know what bullets and disease did to the human body, but what about the strenuous and exhausting marching?

This page is a collection of additional information, pictures, quotes, and sources to accompany the “On the Go” Exhibit at the National Museum of Civil War Medicine.

Marching

The average for a march was between 8 and 13 miles per day, with 20 or more miles being more exhausting and less frequent. Also, the armies usually walked less after a battle, unless in retreat or in pursuit. “The 5th Regiment of Infantry (Maryland) traveled the following distances during the Civil War: By boat, nine hundred and twenty-three miles; by rail, six hundred and seventy, three miles; on foot, five hundred and sixty-seven miles; or a total of two thousand one hundred and sixty-three miles.” –(Archives of Maryland, Volume 0367, Page 0180. History and Roster of Maryland Volunteers, War of 1861-6, Volume 1.) Soldiers marched between dawn and dusk, and rarely at night because of the risk of accidents and injury. They would make breakfast before sunrise, pack up camp, set out on the march at daylight and marched through the day, then make camp before sundown, and usually fix and eat dinner after it was dark. The armies marched in any kind of weather: heat, cold, rain, snow. Soldiers hated marching long distances in the heat while wearing a heavy wool uniform, and through the dust that accompanied the heat. Marching did not always occur on nice roads as troops had to march through mud, snow, water, on uneven roads, and over mountains. Joel Cook was a Special Correspondent of the Philadelphia Press who was with Union General George McClellan and the Army of the Potomac during the Peninsular Campaign and wrote down his observances and opinion in his book, The Siege of Richmond, in 1862. Cook wrote about marching, “No hardships were harder than those of the march, if we are to trust the voluminous testimony of the foot soldiers. The roads were dusty in the summer, muddy in the winter; the soldier was dressed in heavy woolens, loaded down with fifty or sixty pounds of equipment, often without food for long stretches of the day. It is no wonder that straggling was almost universal, or that literally thousands of men fell out of line and got lost. It is difficult to know whether the Confederate or the Federal soldiers suffered most from marching. More Confederates than Federals were country bred, and therefore more accustomed to cross-country hiking; on the other hand the Confederacy was low on shoes, and there are any number of stories of Southern soldiers marching barefoot, even in the winter months.” (Joel Cook, The Siege of Richmond, 1862. ) Both armies trained in camp for battles and marching. Soldiers learned how to dress and what to carry, how to march correctly, and what to do when different marching orders were given to the troops. The order of “heavy marching” was given a couple hours before the march, and soldiers carried all they had with them. While the order of “light marching” was given with short notice where soldiers only carried their musket, ammunition, canteen, and haversack. Marching was usually four abreast in a neat order. Though after the first half-mile on heavy marches, soldiers would become lax and walk out of order and all over the road. A march into battle (light marching) was of course stricter than the longer heaving marching. Soldiers would follow the band and drum corps, along with the colonel in the lead. The surgeons and chaplains would bring up the rear of the march with the wagon trains. There would be halts during the long marches, lasting around an hour and a half, to allow men to rest, take off their heavy knapsacks, and search for water. Scarcity of water became a problem during the hot summer marches, making the marches even more exasperating and sunstroke imminent.

Equipment

A soldiers’ uniform was usually made of wool, which made soldiers hot in the summer and created a more exhausting marching as well. A uniform consisted of a shirt, pants, coat, stockings, kepi, belt, boots or shoes, and sometimes a poncho or a “gum blanket” used as a poncho. For the Union soldiers, the uniform was consisted and was described in full with extensive details in “Regulations and Notes for the Uniform of the Army of the United States, 1861,” a manual for Union soldiers. The manual described badges, sashes, epaulettes, shoulder straps, and swords distinguished rank and job in the Union army. Also the manual described that, “The hair should be short; the beard to be worn at the pleasure of the individual; but when worn, to be kept short and neatly trimmed.” Confederate soldiers were known to wear out their shoes on marches and sometimes could not receive another pair for a while and marched barefoot. Soldiers carried extra clothes in their knapsack and occasionally tossed out their extra clothes on marches because of weight, but they would later sometimes regret that because of colder weather in the winter. On marches, soldiers had to carry 30-50 lbs. of equipment, which included: Knapsack Held the blanket, tent, extra clothes, personal items Some soldiers hated it, while some tolerated it, and it is often referred to as “dead weight,” especially during rain.

Haversack More well liked than the knapsack, in constant use and was a necessity for the foot soldier Hung lose from the shoulder on the soldier’s hip Held food and table furniture A tin cup was usually tied onto the haversack

Canteen- The canteen was probably the most essential piece of equipment that the soldiers carried on marches because soldiers needed water to drink on the long marches. Canteens usually held 2.5 or 3 pints of water, and refilling during a march was a necessity.

Weapons 60 rounds of ammunition: 40 in the cartridge box, 20 usually in the knapsack Muskets, including the Enfield M1853 rifle and the Springfield M1863 rifle Pistols and a sword if an officer Bayonet Cartridge box, bullet Case, gun powder flask Gun tools-cleaning jag, ball screw

Food Hardtack Smoked Meat Coffee

Eating Utensils

Pocketknife

“Jack-knives”-a folding knife

Bowie Knife

Cups, Plate

Blanket

Oil cloth, “gum blanket”

“Dog Tent”

The Handy-book for the U.S. Soldier: On Coming Into Service Surgeons that marched with the army carried several different items, including: Traveling surgical kit

Traveling apothecary kit With vials of Chloroform, morphine, and quinine

Bandages and tourniquets

Whiskey

Matches

Soap

Sponges

Scissors

Needles, thimble, and cotton

Tape On long marches, soldiers carried all that they brought with them from home and what they were given by the army. If you would like to learn more about what soldiers carried with them and to see the artifacts that we have in the marching exhibit, click the button below for an interactive educational experience! Learn More

Personal Items

Civil War soldiers also carried personal items from home to remind them of loved ones, family, and friends. Soldiers carried pictures of loved ones from home on their body. Union soldiers were also known to carry a picture of President Abraham Lincoln as well. When the soldiers reached their camp, they would write a letter home or write in their diaries about their marches, camp life, and battles during the war. Their letters and diaries are important for historians to learn more about the everyday life of a soldier during the Civil War. Other personal items of soldiers included: Bible/prayer books

Rosary

Letters-paper and envelopes, stamps

Diary

Money: coins, paper currency

Watch

Pencil

Glasses

Hairbrush

Handkerchief

Compass

Instruments Brass horns, drums, fifes, harmonica Guitar, banjo

Song books

Rings

Shaving Kit Mug and Brush, Razor

Soap and Soap box

Housewife-Sewing Kit

Games Bone Dice, Cards, Dominoes, Checkers

Clay or wooden smoking pipe, chewing tobacco

Toothbrush

Comb, lice comb

Personal Medicine Kit

Candles, Brass Candle Holder, Matches

Pictures Family, Hometown

Identification disk, with chain

Whiskey Flask

Tobacco

Corkscrew

Fishing pole

Injuries and other Medical Problems

Soldiers obtained injuries from marching nearly countless miles over up to four years of service. Thousands of miles of marching with heavy equipment caused wear and tear on soldiers’ bodies. Knee problems were probably the most common “wear and tear” injuries from marching during the Civil War. Also marching through new regions with new diseases not yet immune to, and marching in the cold and rain or in the heat led to soldiers contracting diseases. Surgeons took care of sick and injured soldiers in camp. A soldier carrying around 30-40 lbs. of equipment for thousands of miles for four years of marching could acquire multiple injuries, diseases, and other health problems including: Back pain

Blown-out knees

Chronic coughs

Headaches

Joint pain, including arthritis and osteoarthritis, in knees, hips, ankles, and the spine

Rheumatism

Torn or loss of cartilage in knees and hips

Nerve damage

Bruises, cut, and scrapes

Muscle soreness and tear

Bone degeneration and bone spurs

Leaking fluid sacks in knees

Blisters

Dehydration

Malaria

Pneumonia

Sun stroke

Malnutrition

Common cold

Influenza

Typhoid fever

Cholera

Hyperthermia

Infection from blisters and cuts Some of these injuries including rheumatism and knee problems continued to be a problem for soldiers after the war, causing complications with physical labor resulting in missing work and trouble finding a job. The war caused Asher Chase’s, of the Seventh Massachusetts Light Artillery, health to gradually deteriorate. During the war Chase, who joined at the age of twenty, had Typhoid Fever, believed rheumatism, and “pain and dizziness of (the) head.” Rheumatism left Chase almost paralyzed in his right leg, as the pain was so bad because of what Chase’s wife Jane wrote, “seemed to be a heaviness in the right leg.” Asher Chase had a bad limp, which caused him to miss work ‘one or two weeks at a time.” He took “Kennedy’s Rheumatic Liniment” for his Rheumatism, which helped his leg. But Chase died in January of 1875 at the age of 33 of “slow paralysis and softening of the brain.” (Source: John W. Chase, Yours for the Union: The Civil War Letters of John W. Chase, First Massachusetts Light Artillery, ed. John S. Collier and Bonnie B. Collier (New York: Fordham University Press) 2004. Pgs. 433-451)

Quotes

Personal diaries and letters are extremely important and helpful sources in understanding how difficult, tiresome, and potentially harmful marches were during the Civil War. Here are some of the quotes from diaries and letters that were influential for the exhibit on Civil War marching at the National Museum of Civil War Medicine: Lieutenant Charles Denoon of the 41st Virginia in a letter of advice for his brother who was going to enlist said, “…all he needs is one pair pants, one coat, tow shirts, tow pair drawers and two pair socks…, haversack, canteen, tin cup, one blanket (small), oil cloth or piece of Yankee tent… You may put your shirt and drawers in your blanket and roll them up in a round roll, tying the two ends together and place it on your shoulder as you would a game bag or horn with strings around it to keep it from unrolling…” (Source: Gregory A. Coco, The Civil War Infantryman: In Camp, on the March, and in Battle (Gettysburg, PA, Thomas Publications) 1996, pg. 49) W.A. Keesey described a march in the Shenandoah Valley on July 8, 1862 as, “The heat was so intense that the dust burned us. Many of the men were falling out by the way-side, overcome by heat. The officers put leaves, dipped in water when it could be had, into their hats as a precaution against sun-stroke. The very atmosphere was aglare with the blazing sun and it was sad to see so many men collapsing under the blasting heat; many strong men with the look of despair upon their faces, with ‘death by sun-stroke,’ soon to be written after their names upon the roll…The scene on this terrible, hot march was as appalling as battle itself.” (Source: Gregory A. Coco, The Civil War Infantryman: In Camp, on the March, and in Battle (Gettysburg, PA, Thomas Publications) 1996, pg. 86) “The knapsack…is an unwieldy burden with its rough, coarse contents of flannel and sole leather and sometimes twenty round of ammunition extras mixed in with these regulation essentials, like beatitudes, are photographs, cards, huswife (housewife), Testament, pens, ink, paper, and oftentimes stolen truck enough to load a mule. All this is crowned with a double wool blanket and half a shelter tent rolled in a rubber blanket.” –Abner Small, Officer of the 16th Maine. Gregory Coco, The Civil War Infantry Man, pg. 51. “If a man wants to know what it is to have every bone in his body to ach with fatigue, every muscle sore and exhausted, and his whole body ready to sink to the ground, let him…shoulder his knapsack, haversack, gun and equipments, and make one of our forced marches, and I will warrant him to be satisfied that the duties of war are stern and severe… (especially) when every spark of energy seems about to be extinguished and the last remnant of strength gone (and he is), tired, hungry, sick and sore…” – Private Wilbur Fisk, 2nd Vermont. (Source: Gregory Coco, The Civil War Infantry Man, pg. 86) “Since I wrote…you will perceive we have been on the march again. We came…to this place yesterday, six miles the way we came but only making us four miles nearer Richmond…The reason we do not march farther in a day is because of our supply trains not being able to move farther than that in a day. It is truly said that large bodies move slowly. Some people think we might be able to march 20 or 25 miles a day instead of what we do. If the whole country was one gravel road, it might be accomplished but without something of this kind is impossible.” —James Graham of the 62nd Pennsylvania in a letter to his aunt Ellen Lee on May 20, 1862 about his march to Richmond. (Source: Gregory Coco, The Civil War Infantry Man, pg. 84) Sergeant Marion Fitzpatrick described the damage that marching could do to a soldier’s body, “it wore the ends of my toenails down to the quick, blistered my feet, and (made) them sore generally.” And Private Wilbur Fisk also wrote about the damage from marching on another soldier writing, “ one boot in one hand, and the other stuck on his gun, while his stockings were nearly worn off his feet by the dirt and hard travelling. His feet were swelled and he had several large blisters on them. He was a new recruit, and one of the veterans asked him how much of his town bounty he had paid for that day.” (Source: Gregory Coco, The Civil War Infantry Man, pg. 89) “It took all night to march about seven miles, the roads so clogged with teams and other things to hinder. Marching by rods is like dying by inches, and it gets an impatient man into a hell of a misery. Scolding and swearing is dispensed at an awful rate when a regiment is compelled to halt and wait every few rods, if the road is good and the journey long….The road was continually blocked up by some obstructions ahead, so that we had to halt three minutes where we could travel one. It was vexing beyond all control to stand there and hold our arching knapsacks, with (a) gigantic, never-ending hill looming in front of us, and the long hard journey in prospect. We rarely halted long enough to sit down, but if we did the column would invariably start just as we were fairly seated.” —Private Wilbur Fisk, 2nd Vermont on a march from Winchester, VA to Gettysburg, PA. (Source: Gregory Coco, The Civil War Infantry Man, pg. 85)

Pictures and Sketches

Click here to see pictures taken during the Civil War and sketches drawn during the war: http://bit.ly/2aORgMT

Sources and Further Research

How Fast Should You Run a Mile for Basic Training?

All branches of the military expect you to run, but require different times and distances. You’ll be tested on a timed run initially, then tested at the end of basic training. Fitness testing is a part of military life that doesn’t go away. Later, your performance on fitness tests will affect your chances of promotion. The fitter you are to start with, the easier time you’ll have in basic training and throughout your military career.

Understanding the Tests To figure out how fast you need to run when you enter the military, it helps to know what you’ll be tested on. Most branches of the military require passing a test that consists of pushups, running and sit-ups. If you don’t pass all three areas, you get a failing score. Marines, known for their toughness, run three miles for their test. The Army requires soldiers to run two miles, while the Air Force and Navy tests are only 1.5 miles. If you’re worried about passing a running test, practice in conjunction with the other fitness skills. The Army’s test requires you to do your pushups, then your sit-ups, then run. If you don’t practice the tests in that order, you might not be prepared for the fatigue of running after all those pushups and sit-ups.

Gender and Running Times How fast you need to run depends on your age and gender. Women and older soldiers aren’t expected to run as fast as young men. When you enter Army basic training, you’ll be divided into different groups based on your running test scores. Male runners in the top group will complete a mile in seven minutes or less. The second tier run the mile in less than 7:45, and the third group takes up to 8:30. For women, the top group runs a mile in nine minutes or less, the second highest completes the mile within 9:45, and the third tier finishes by 10:30. Women who run a mile faster than 8:30 will be placed in the appropriate men’s group. Women who complete a mile in more than 10:30, and men who need more than 8:30, are placed in a remedial group. If you’re joining the Marines, men 17 to 26 must run three miles in less than 28 minutes. Women of the same age must complete three miles in 31 minutes or less.

Training for Boot Camp Start training at least a couple of months before boot camp. Stew Smith, a former Navy SEAL, recommends training three times a week if you want to make an average score. If you’re aiming higher, he says to run five or six days per week. He also recommends that future Marines and soldiers train in boots once or twice a week. Practicing climbing and jumping will also give you an edge if you have to run obstacle courses during boot camp.

Napoleon: Napoleon at War

Most of the men in Napoleon’s Grand Armée were conscripts drawn from the poorer classes. Every able-bodied man of age in France was expected to willingly join the ranks to defend the Republic – or risk losing citizenship. In theory soldiers were eligible for discharge after five years, but after 1804, most discharges were only for medical reasons. Most new soldiers received little training, and had to learn their trade on the battlefield. Supplies were usually scarce, since Napoleon’s armies traveled with small logistical trains to improve mobility. Uniforms were often ill-fitting and uncomfortable. Boots rarely lasted more than a few weeks. Soldiers learned by experience that marauding was often a more reliable source of food, horses and other provisions than the army’s supply system. Often hungry and eager to fight for the glory of France and their emperor, Napoleon’s soldiers were the most feared force in Europe. ELTING: Imagine yourself carrying between 40 and 60 pounds of rations and musket and cartridges Most of ’em were farmers’ boys, grown up used to misery and walking and working from day to night He’s got a bunch of the toughest, hammered down, ironed—out roughnecks you ever saw, from generals down to buck privates. And he just said, “Sic ’em, boys.” HORWARD: And these men would march something like 30 miles in a day. They’d march for four hours, and stop and then march another three or four hours and then stop again. Napoleon understood the hardships his soldiers faced. But he often forbade looting, and did not hesitate to order summary executions for disobeying his orders. But, for the most part, discipline was loose. Unlike most of his enemies’ armies, corporal punishment had been abandoned after the Revolution. The Republican ethos of liberty, equality and brotherhood was deeply rooted in the ranks. Before the Revolution, over ninety percent of the officers in the French army were aristocrats or nobility. By the time Napoleon came into command, only three percent remained. Men rose through ranks to fill the vacancies, as Napoleon did, on the basis of merit. Napoleon also promoted soldiers for bravery in combat, which spurred morale and invited a cult-like following by his men. HORWARD: Once, [Napoleon] said “who is the bravest man in this unit?” The officer said, “this man.” He took the Legion of Honor off his own coat and stuck it on the soldier’s uniform. Can you imagine how that would spread in the army? But the ceaseless bloodshed eroded manpower and morale. Medical services remained inadequate. Four men died of sickness for every soldier who was killed in battle. Desertion and draft-dodging became rampant. Napoleon began to rely more heavily on troops drawn from conquered or allied states to provide units for his army. By the Spring of 1812, Napoleon had assembled an army of 600,000 men from every corner of his empire – including Italy, Poland, Germany and France. Ignoring advice from his advisors, he invaded Russia and drove his army deep into enemy territory. More than five thousand soldiers fell out from exhaustion, sickness, and desertion each day. Retreating back to France that winter, Napoleon watched the largest army ever before seen disappear in the snow before his eyes. Hacked down by murderous Cossacks, or frozen or starved to death, the Grand Armée had ceased to exist. Jakob Walter, a German conscript, caught a glimpse of Napoleon as he watched the long retreat. “What he may have felt in his heart is impossible to surmise. His outward appearance seemed indifferent and unconcerned over the wretchedness of his soldiers; only ambition and lost honor may have made themselves felt in his heart. And, although the French and Allies shouted into his ears many oaths and curses about his own guilty person, he was still able to listen to them unmoved.” Many of his soldiers would recall Napoleon’s former glory upon his return from exile in 1815 and join him again on the battlefield at Waterloo. Four days before the fateful battle, he spoke to them in a voice that made all of Europe tremble: “Soldiers, we have forced marches to make, battles to fight, dangers to encounter, but with constancy the victory will be ours; the rights, the honor, of our country will be reconquered. For every Frenchmen who has courage the moment has come to conquer or die!”

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