Ai Pipettes For Dogs? The 205 Correct Answer

At its most recent meeting on January 30, 2019, our Standards Committee approved a number of amendments to the supporting Code of Professional Conduct guidance in areas such as equine pre-purchase screening (PSA), euthanasia, medical records and canine surgical artificial insemination.

Some of these changes were made to align our guidance with changes in the law, and some are based on feedback we received from our other committees and subcommittees.

A summary of the changes is listed below. New guidelines are in bold and removed guidelines are strikethrough. In each case, we also explained why we made these changes.

Chapter 7 – Pre-purchase examinations for horses

7.9 Ideally, due to the conflict of interest, veterinarians should not perform PPE where the seller is an existing customer and/or has a personal relationship with the veterinarian. However, when veterinarians do this for practical or other reasons, they should take extra precautions to ensure that the exam is not only fair, but is also perceived as fair by the customer requesting the PPE.

7.10 These additional safeguards are:

a) The vet makes the buyer aware that the seller is also a customer and/or has a personal relationship with the vet and the potential buyer has no objections. In the event of complaints, the seller’s veterinarian may not intervene;

b) Provider agrees to permit disclosure of relevant clinical/case records. If approval cannot be obtained, the seller’s veterinarian should not take action. If the records reveal a circumstance likely to affect the buyer’s intended use, the buyer should be notified prior to the investigation with the consent of the seller; and,

c) it is made clear to both parties that the veterinarian is acting on behalf of the buyer in this case.

explainer

The guidelines were amended by the Standards Committee after considering feedback received from the PIC/DC Liaison Committee. It was agreed that, for the sake of clarification and avoidance of doubt, there should be a specific requirement that a veterinarian conducting a pre-purchase examination on behalf of a prospective buyer discloses to the prospective buyer any personal relationship with the seller in addition to any customer relationship.

Chapter 8 – Euthanasia of Animals

8.2 Euthanasia is not legally a veterinary procedure and in most cases it can be performed by anyone provided it is performed humanely. No veterinarian is required to kill a healthy animal unless required to do so by lawful authority under their terms of employment. However, veterinarians have the privilege of being able to alleviate an animal’s suffering in this way in appropriate cases.

8.3 In England, animals held under a license issued under the Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (England) Regulations 2018 must be euthanized either by a veterinarian or by a person authorized to do so by a veterinarian. These animals may include animals sold as pets, retired cats and dogs, and animals trained for show. Horses held under a license granted by the Regulations may be euthanized by a competent person who is licensed or certified to do so. Veterinarians are expected to use their clinical judgment when authorizing a non-veterinarian to euthanize an animal, however the following factors may be considered:

a. the person’s experience

b. whether the method of euthanasia is humane and effective

explainer

In October 2018 the Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (England) Regulations 2018 were enacted. The purpose of this law is to promote animal welfare by permitting the following activities: selling animals as pets, providing or arranging housing for cats or dogs, renting horses, breeding dogs, and keeping or training show animals.

The legislation imposes several conditions on the license holder, including protection from pain, suffering, injury and disease, and therefore suggests that euthanasia may only be performed by a veterinarian or a person competently authorized by a veterinarian.

However, no guidance is given as to what ‘a person authorized as competent’ might mean and what qualifications might be required.

Therefore, veterinarians must use their clinical judgment to determine whether the non-veterinarian is competent in each individual case, taking into account the overall circumstances, including the individual’s experience, and whether the method of euthanasia is humane and effective.

Chapter 13 – Clinical and Client Records

13.2 When writing records or recording a client’s personal information, the utmost care must be taken to ensure that it is clear, legible, accurate and reasonably detailed. Clinical records and client records should be objective and factual, and veterinarians and veterinary assistants should avoid making personal observations or assumptions about a client’s motivation, financial condition, or other matters.

explainer

These guidelines were amended after the Standards Committee considered feedback received through the PIC/DC Liaison Committee on a case involving the clarity and legibility of clinical records. This change brings our supporting guidance in line with other foreign veterinary and public health authorities.

Chapter 14 – Customer Confidentiality

14.6 In circumstances where the client has not consented to the disclosure and the veterinarian or veterinarian believes that animal welfare or the public interest is at risk, the client’s confidentiality may be breached and such information may be reported to the relevant authorities. Some examples may include situations where:

a. An animal shows signs of abuse

b. A dangerous dog poses a security risk

c. Suspected child or domestic violence

i.e. if a breeder in England has presented litters without holding a breeding license or has breached the terms of the license (if applicable)

e. when the information is likely to help prevent, detect or prosecute a crime

f. there is another significant threat to public health or safety or to the health or safety of any person.

explainer

This change is also based on the Animal Welfare (Licensing of Activities Involving Animals) (England) Regulations 2018, which were enacted in part to tighten regulations around the sale of puppies and to combat “puppy farming”.

It is foreseeable that veterinarians and alternative animal health practitioners will be allowed to examine animals, especially puppies, that have been bred without approval, in excess of the approval conditions or under conditions contrary to approval.

Therefore, it is considered timely to amend the guidance to help veterinarians make decisions about disclosing such circumstances to the competent authorities. In this case, the competent authority is the municipality that issued the permit.

Veterinarians and alternative animal practitioners are not obliged to request proof of a breeder’s license. However, if there are animal welfare concerns on the part of a breeder customer, a veterinarian or veterinarian may request to see proof of license and/or, at their discretion, report the circumstances to the local authority. A veterinarian or veterinary assistant would either report a breeder customer for violating the terms of the license or report the breeder customer for not having a license.

Chapter 27 – Miscellaneous Procedures: Legal and Ethical Considerations

27.30 Surgical artificial insemination (AI) is prohibited by UK animal welfare legislation, which by law restricts mutilation to animals, d paragraph 27.2(a-d).

27.30 Surgical artificial insemination (AI) involves many disadvantages for the bitch and is unlikely to be performed in the best interest of any particular dog, but a veterinarian may perform surgical AI:

· in those rare cases where transcervical insemination (TCI) has not proven to be a practical option

AND

· the invasive nature of surgical artificial insemination is justified* and accompanied by an adequate regimen of postoperative pain relief.

* Veterinarians are advised that, based on the information available to the Advisory Committee, surgical insemination is only justified for exceptional reasons, e.g. when introducing new genetic traits into a line or breed when the bull is not readily available or unable to mate naturally for reasons other than hereditary diseases.

27.31 When performing surgical artificial insemination, a veterinarian should note in the bitch’s clinical notes why TCI is not a practical option and provide the justification for the invasive procedure.

explainer

Changes to this chapter of the supporting guidelines, particularly those related to surgical artificial insemination in dogs, were discussed in the Standards Committee.

The proposed changes to the guidelines should clarify that surgical artificial insemination (AI) in dogs is prohibited by animal welfare legislation – specifically the Animal Welfare Act 2006 which bans mutilation. Prohibited procedures are those that interfere with sensitive tissue or bone structures. Surgical AI in dogs is not one of the exceptions allowed under the Mutilation (Approved Procedures) (England) Regulations 2007.

This ban replaced outdated guidelines that only allowed surgical AI in dogs in extremely limited circumstances.

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Artificial insemination (AI) has opened up a new world of possibilities in terms of dog breeding. While natural breeding is nature’s best breeding method, AI is becoming the order of the day. It offers advantages that natural mating lacks. The biggest is the fact that breeding can take place anywhere in the world without having to transport dogs to mate. If you are a breeder wanting to go down this route, there is no reason not to. As long as you have the right information about what you’re getting yourself into, you’ll do well. To help you, we’ve put together a guide to how often to fertilize a dog.

What is artificial insemination?

AI has been used primarily on cattle for centuries. Dog breeders were initially shy about using the procedure, but the trend has now caught on in the canine world. This was fueled by increased demand for artificial insemination and advances in seed technology. Simply put, this is the process of breeding dogs without mating by inserting semen into the mother’s vagina when she ovulates to facilitate conception.

The AI ​​is all about choosing the right man to harvest seeds from. He should have the desired personality, intelligence and other qualities. Once he’s chosen, a female teaser will be brought near him. If no female is in heat, a cotton swab scented with a female in heat can be used to arouse the male. When he attempts to mount a female, his penis is then diverted into an artificial vagina from which the semen is extracted.

The seed can be used immediately, chilled in the refrigerator, or frozen. To use it, a syringe with the semen is inserted into the bitch’s cervix during ovulation. Fertilization can also be done surgically or through an extended transcervical endoscope.

Benefits of AI

AI is beneficial as it brings convenience to breeders looking to diversify their genetic pool. In the past, a female had to be transported across borders to mate with the desired male. Now male dog semen can be harvested, stored and transported from any part of the universe. Expanding the genetic pool is especially beneficial for dog breeds that are found in small numbers in certain geographic locations.

AI also allows breeders to improve kennel genetics. You have access to a plethora of options, even seeds from deceased dogs. The procedure also allows the sperm to be examined for abnormalities and fertility. It also prevents sexually transmitted diseases.

Success rate of artificial insemination in dogs

According to an article in BBC News, the success rate of AI is over 50%. This is an average success rate, but the actual number depends on the quality of the seed. Fresh semen is essentially the best. When a skilled and experienced breeder performs the procedure, the success rate is around 80%. This drops to 59% – 80% when the seed is refrigerated and 52% – 60% when it is frozen. Storing semen can affect sperm viability and ultimately the breeding outcome. Frozen semen is processed before being mixed with a preservative and then frozen with liquid nitrogen. This process can greatly affect its quality.

With AI, timing is everything. The fertile window period is rather narrow. You only have a few days to breed the dog. For fresh semen, AI is best performed 2 days after ovulation, while frozen semen is administered 3-4 days after ovulation. There are several ways to determine if the dog is ovulating or not. The most common is the progesterone test, which is done every other day to get accurate results.

There are different opinions on how often a dog should be inseminated. According to this study published on PubMed, you get better results with two inseminations than with one insemination. 36 bitches inseminated with frozen semen took part in the study. Some were inseminated once, others twice with an interval of 1-2 days. The average conception rate was 67% with a litter size of 6.4. Animals fertilized once had a conception rate of 64%, and 69% for those fertilized twice.

Revival Animal Health recommends inseminating a dam every other day until the heat season is over. The oestrus period starts four days before ovulation and lasts until three days after ovulation. That gives a total of 7 days of possible breeding. If you do AI every other day, watch 3-4 inseminations at a time.

warning

How often the dog has to be inseminated depends heavily on the type of insemination. If you are hand-inserting sperm into the dam, you can afford to do the procedure every other day. However, if you go the surgical route, you can only do it once at a time. The surgery involves sedation and cutting open the dog. If you care about the puppy’s well-being, you don’t want to have him undergo more than one invasive procedure. Transcervical insemination is best performed once and includes sedation.

AI is a remarkable breeding technique in the canine world. It can change your world as a grower in so many ways. As long as you stick to the rules, you will have an amazing experience with it.

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Artificial insemination in dogs

Reproduction in dogs can be either planned as part of a breeding program or accidental. In any case, most breeding is successful and results in the birth of healthy puppies. In some dogs, natural breeding is unsuccessful and artificial methods are required.

Artificial insemination (AI) is the process of collecting semen and placing it artificially in the vagina of the susceptible dog. AI is reserved for valuable purebred dogs that cannot conceive naturally due to various problems. In the bitch, an abnormal vulva or vaginal shape, such as B. a narrowing, exclude a coitus. Bitches can also be aggressive towards the intended father and not allow breeding for some reason. In males, a low sex drive, weakness or pain when mounting due to arthritis or prostate disease, or aggression towards the female may lead to the need for artificial insemination.

Another common reason for artificial insemination in breeding programs is the geographic separation of the mother and father. For champion stud dogs, the semen can be frozen and shipped across the country, especially if transporting the bitch to the dog’s territory is not possible.

Semen collection in dogs

For successful insemination, the semen must be collected and properly handled and introduced into the female. Sperm can be used fresh, chilled and used within 24 hours, or frozen. The more the semen is processed, the less likely it is to result in fertilization.

With fresh and chilled semen, the first thing to do is determine if the female is receptive and about to ovulate. After this determination, the semen can be collected by manual stimulation.

The most successful semen collection begins with the introduction of a teaser bitch—a bitch in heat that is not intended to be bred that day—or a bitch with topical pheromone. This increases the success of the stimulation and leads to a higher quality of semen. However, teasers are not required and the collection can be done without them.

If a teaser is used, the male is allowed to sniff around the back area and mount the female. The bitch should be muzzled and tied tightly. Once the bitch is mounted, the person collecting the semen grasps the penis firmly through the foreskin (vagina) and begins a quick massage. If a teaser is not used, the person collecting the semen begins the process by grasping the penis and beginning the massage.

The rest of the procedure is the same. The penis must not enter the teaser vagina. When the penis is erect, the foreskin is pushed back and a preformed rubber collection cone with attached collection tube is slipped over the penis. The penis and collecting cone are held firmly in place with the collector’s hands, stimulating the female’s contraction during normal breeding.

Ejaculation occurs in 3 parts. The first part is a small amount of clean liquid that does not contain sperm. The next part is the sperm-rich cloudy liquid. Typically, vigorous thrusting is associated with this part of ejaculation, resulting in 0.5 to 3 ml of semen. The final phase of ejaculation is the addition of clear prostatic fluid. If the ejaculate is to be used immediately, the prostatic fluid is allowed to mix with the remaining semen. If the semen is stored for a longer period of time, the collection cone is removed as soon as the prostate fluid begins to drain. The presence of prostatic fluid in stored semen leads to decreased sperm motility and reduced fertility.

The amount of semen required to have the best chance of successful fertilization depends on the size of the female.

Bitches under 5 kg require 1.5 to 3 ml of semen per insemination.

For bitches from 10 to 50 pounds (5 to 25 kg), 3 to 5 ml of semen is required.

For bitches over 25 kg, 5 to 8 ml of semen are required. After semen collection, a semen extender can be added to nourish the semen and achieve the required amount of semen. For samples to be used within 24 hours but not immediately, a stretching liquid is added to protect and nourish the sperm. This sample is then refrigerated and must be used within 24 hours. For samples destined for freezing, a different type of extension is added to protect the sperm from the effects of freezing. After the removal cone is carefully removed from the erect penis, ensure that the penis returns to its normal size and is reinserted into the foreskin. Before insemination, the semen must be examined for quality. Over 70 percent of the sperm must have normal forward motility, which equates to 150 to 200,000 normal-appearing sperm per sample.

Bitch preparing for artificial insemination

Knowing exactly when to inseminate the female can be quite tricky and if not done correctly, fertilization will not occur. In traditional natural mating breeding programs, the bitch is mated at least three times on days 9, 11, and 13 after the vulva begins to swell and bloody discharge is seen. On average, bitches tend to ovulate on the 12th day after the onset of vulvar swelling. Unfortunately, this is not always the case and some female dogs may require alternative methods of conceiving. The breeding goal is to inseminate the bitch four days before ovulation and then every two days until the final insemination two days after ovulation. Insemination two days after ovulation results in the maximum litter size.

Determining ovulation can be done in a number of ways. Traditionally, tissue cells of the vagina are examined under a microscope. The appearance of these cells can be used to estimate the time of ovulation. Unfortunately, this is not the most accurate way to determine ovulation.

Measuring progesterone levels is much more accurate, but time consuming and daily monitoring during the oestrus cycle is not always practical or affordable. The hormone progesterone can be measured in the blood. The most accurate measurements can effectively predict ovulation, but these tests are done in a lab. A hospital version of the progesterone level test is available which can give the user a rough idea of ​​when ovulation will occur.

A combination of the two methods has a pretty good success rate. About 4 to 5 days after the onset of vulva swelling and bloody discharge, the cells of the vagina should be examined daily. Once 80 percent of these cells have the typical keratinized appearance, indicating that ovulation is imminent, blood samples are taken every 2 to 3 days to measure progesterone levels. If the number of inseminations is not limited, then the first insemination is carried out at this time. If only one insemination is possible, this should take place 2 days after ovulation.

A further evaluation of the vaginal cells is no longer necessary. Blood samples should be checked for progesterone levels every 2 to 3 days and fertilization will take place. Once progesterone levels reach ovulation levels, a final insemination occurs 2 days later. The pregnancy can then be confirmed with an ultrasound about 25 days later.

Progesterone levels can be determined either by a laboratory or by an in-hospital test kit. The laboratory can provide specific values ​​for progesterone levels. The in-hospital test kit can show progesterone levels by color changes.

In laboratory tests, serum progesterone is typically below 1 ng/ml up to 2 days before ovulation. At this point, progesterone levels rise to 1 to 2 ng/ml. On the following day (one day before ovulation), the progesterone level is 2 to 4 ng/ml. On the day of ovulation, progesterone is 4 to 10 ng/ml. After ovulation, progesterone levels rise rapidly and can range from 15 to 90 ng/ml.

For the in-hospital test, there are sample color changes that can help give an approximate indication of where the dog is in the ovulation process.

Process of dog insemination

Insemination is similar for fresh and chilled semen, but slightly different for frozen semen. This is due to the lifespan of the seed once processed. Frozen semen can only be kept for a few hours after thawing and insemination. Chilled semen lives in the bitch for about 5 days and fresh semen for about 6 days. Because frozen sperm has such a short lifespan, there must be an ovum ready for fertilization at the time of fertilization for fertilization to occur.

After preparation, the semen can be deposited either in the vagina just in front of the cervix or directly in the uterus. Samples that are placed just in front of the cervix achieve the best results.

Delivering semen to the correct area of ​​the reproductive tract requires special equipment. Long pipettes are recommended. Commercially made canine insemination pipettes are available for small and medium-sized dogs. For large breed dogs, these pipettes are too short, so modified pipettes used on cattle are often used. Some people opt for balloon catheters, but the eyedropper is the most commonly used.

To start the fertilization process, the male should not be close to the female. Hold the bitch in a standing position. Draw the appropriate amount of semen into a sterile syringe and attach it to the appropriate pipette. The dropper is then inserted into the upper vagina through a gloved, lubricated finger inserted into the vaginal canal. After positioning, the seed is deposited. The syringe is then filled with air, which is used to inject any remaining semen left in the dropper after the syringe was squeezed the first time. The eyedropper is then removed, but the finger is not. The vaginal wall is stimulated for a few minutes with the inserted finger. This should cause the vagina to contract, which will help push the semen into the uterus. After stimulation, the finger is removed. At this point, the dog’s rear end is raised for 5 to 10 minutes. Don’t press on your stomach. Lift the dog by grabbing the bottom hind legs and lifting up. Don’t let the dog crouch. After being elevated for 5 to 10 minutes, she can walk around but not urinate or jump for 30 to 60 minutes. After an hour, she can return to her normal activity.

In selected cases, surgical insemination can also be performed. After the uterus is surgically exposed, the semen sample is inserted into the uterus using a needle and syringe. This is not the most effective method of insemination but may be necessary in very valuable dogs where puppies are in high demand.

Results of AI in dogs

With natural breeding (assuming 3 broods in a heat cycle), the pregnancy success rate is 80 to 95 percent.

When inseminated with fresh semen, 62 to 100 percent success rate

59 to 80 percent success rate for AI with chilled sperm

In artificial insemination using frozen sperm placed in the vagina, 52 to 60 percent success rate

For AI with frozen sperm placed in the uterus, success rate from 0 to 80 percent

In artificial insemination (AI), sperm is introduced into a woman’s uterus so that she can become pregnant without having intercourse. It can be performed with donor sperm or the intended father’s sperm. Here’s everything you need to know about two of the most popular AI methods: intrauterine insemination (IUI) and intracervical insemination (ICI).

Who gets artificial insemination?

Women can undergo artificial insemination if they are struggling with infertility or are unable to conceive despite regular unprotected sex. AI can combat male infertility due to insufficient sperm count, agility or manoeuvrability. It is also a solution to female infertility caused by thick cervical mucus, endometriosis, or abnormal reproductive organs. Single women and people in same-sex relationships can also opt for artificial insemination; In these cases, a donor sperm is often used.

When to plan artificial insemination

Doctors plan artificial insemination based on a woman’s menstrual cycle. AI has the best chance of success when correlated with ovulation, which occurs when the ovary releases a mature egg about 14 days before menstrual bleeding. A woman can tell when she is ovulating with home ovulation testing kits and blood and urine tests in the doctor’s office. A woman usually attempts artificial insemination once per cycle.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI)

Couples often turn to intrauterine insemination (IUI) for male infertility, although it is commonly used to combat unknown causes of infertility and endometriosis-induced infertility. Women with thick cervical mucus that prevents sperm from reaching an egg can also get IUI. The procedure must be performed in a doctor’s office.

At the beginning of the IUI process, the intended mother takes medication to increase fertility. Doctors prepare a sample of semen — either from the intended father or a donor — by separating the sperm from the semen, says Dr. Tanmoy Mukherjee, a board-certified gynecologist and reproductive endocrinologist who works as co-director of Reproductive Medicine Associates of New York. This is because semen can cause strong uterine contractions in women.

Next, the doctor mixes the semen with liquid, loads it onto a catheter, and inserts it into the vagina. When the catheter reaches the uterus, the doctor will release the sperm inside. dr Mukherjee says the process is similar to a Pap smear.

Since the sperm are inserted directly into the uterine cavity, they have to travel a shorter distance to reach the egg – and as a result, there is a higher chance of conception than with normal intercourse. Here are Dr. Mukherjee’s estimates of IUI success rates based on one cycle:

8-10% male infertility success rate

5% success rate for tubal infertility

18-20% success rate for unexplained infertility

Artificial insemination at home: Intracervical insemination (ICI)

A simpler method of artificial insemination, intracervical insemination (ICI), mimics natural intercourse. Unwashed, liquefied semen (either from a donor or from the intended father) is placed into a syringe specially designed for ICI. Then it is inserted into the vagina and slowly emptied near the cervix. A woman should lie on her back during the procedure and half an hour after it. If all goes well, the sperm will travel to the fallopian tubes and form a pregnancy.

ICI can be performed at home or at a medical center. The success rate ranges from about 5% to 30% per cycle – and it may be more efficient if the woman places a sponge cap over the cervix for several hours afterwards to keep the semen in place. Washing the semen can also increase effectiveness. Note that ICI is sometimes referred to as intravaginal insemination (IVI).

How much does artificial insemination cost?

Without insurance, intrauterine insemination costs about $300 to $1,000 per cycle. The price increases when using donor sperm, which costs around $700 to $1,000 per vial. Health insurance may cover part of the price, including additional costs such as blood tests, ultrasound scans and medication.

On the other hand, intracervical insemination costs around $200 to $350 per cycle. Unwashed semen contributes to the cheaper price – but you can also use washed semen at an additional cost. Donor sperm also increases the cost of ICI.

Given the relatively low success rates of IUI and ICI, couples are likely to need more than one cycle. After several failed attempts, they may attempt in vitro fertilization (IVF) to conceive a child. During IVF, sperm and eggs are mixed in a petri dish, then the embryo is placed directly into the uterus. This costs about $15,000 in total, but has a higher success rate than ICI and IUI (about 53.9% if the woman is under 35 and using her own fresh eggs).

Artificial insemination is a breeding method intended to help address infertility in both males and females, in which sperm is introduced directly into a woman’s fallopian tube, cervix or uterus, allowing it to travel before long, bypassing any likely obstacles and preferably allowing pregnancy there can, where possible, was not possible before. While pregnancy rates are higher with this method compared to other more advanced procedures, giving it some advantages, it is not without its disadvantages. Here are the pros and cons of artificial insemination:

List of advantages of artificial insemination

1. It makes breeding easy and inexpensive.

The modern technology used in this procedure could make it easier and much easier for us to carry out careful breeding as it allows for the hassle-free transfer of semen from a donor to remote locations. It is also inexpensive in that sperm cells are preserved, which can save money and resources to create a huge repository for them.

2. It enables genetic preservation.

Keep in mind that the lack of genetic diversity can lead to the extinction of certain species if not conserved. A good way to avoid this problem is to keep lots of preserved sperm from different animals to be able to keep a huge collection of genetic details.

3. It offers the ability to freeze sperm.

The ability of male semen to stay alive longer will allow us to preserve their sperm for a longer period of time by freezing using nitrogen. Therefore, we no longer have to worry whether it would take a certain amount of time to wait for someone who would need it.

4. It enables remote connection.

Artificial insemination allows for the transmission of semen over a distance, allowing organisms that live far away to mate without having to be transported at all. This means that this method can save you time and money as you don’t have to travel and carry a lot of things.

List of disadvantages of artificial insemination

1. It disturbs species and upsets their natural habits.

Collecting sperm from male animals usually requires a person to hold those animals, which means disturbing them. This will have negative effects, especially if affected animals live in their natural habitats. The preservation of sperm by freezing can also be used as an exception to destroy the natural way of fertilization of the animals.

2. It is not effective on other species.

Although many animals have successfully adapted to artificial insemination, not all will respond positively to this method. Even in humans it is not that often effective.

3. It requires the use of anesthetics.

In order to be able to calm the animals when undergoing this procedure, they must be stunned, which would affect their ability to respond to certain conditions, e.g. B. the semen collection to respond.

Overall, artificial insemination offers positive results for others, but it also may not produce desired results for others. Because of this, it is very important to weigh the pros and cons before opting for this procedure.

Disclaimer: This page is not intended as a substitute for medical advice. Before following the instructions on this page, you should discuss this procedure and possible risks with a board-certified healthcare professional.

What is home insemination?

Home insemination is a method of achieving pregnancy without intercourse. This involves applying semen directly to the cervix using a needleless syringe or cervical cap. It is a popular alternative to other artificial insemination methods because it avoids high medical bills and allows you to be in the comfort and safety of your own home.

It’s important to note that before deciding on any method of insemination — especially DIY insemination — you should consult a fertility expert or other healthcare professional to make sure it’s right for you.

Who Should Consider Home Insemination?

This fertilization process works for anyone trying to conceive, but is especially convenient for people who may not be able to achieve pregnancy through intercourse. It is popular with single women and lesbian couples who wish to conceive using donor sperm. It’s also popular among the growing community of co-parents looking to raise a child in a platonic arrangement.

Advantages and risks of home insemination

Knowing how to fertilize at home with fresh sperm can save you a lot of money, but it’s not a perfect process and so it’s important to understand the benefits and risks before you start. However, home fertilization can offer you an inexpensive and reliable option that has similar success rates to intercourse. Here are the benefits:

Avoid large medical bills

Since home insemination takes place without medical assistance, the massive costs for the healthcare system are avoided. Though you lose the medical advice you might otherwise have, this process is extremely simple and therefore doesn’t require much, if any, assistance.

freedom and comfort

Artificial insemination at home means you can move at your own pace. Unlike the hassle of planning with a fertility clinic, you can start whenever and wherever you want. This can make the process far less stressful.

privacy

It’s not uncommon to feel a bit nervous about such an unfamiliar process. Being in your own home and away from strangers can relieve some stress. Also, a proven method for home insemination is orgasm after the semen is inserted. This can be very difficult in an unfamiliar and uncomfortable place.

As with any medical procedure, home insemination is not without its risks, although it is far safer than most other procedures. Here are the risks:

infection

This is just something to worry about if you’re reusing devices. Make sure you clean all of your tools before and after use as this will likely take a few tries. For this reason, it may be best to order some home artificial insemination kits to minimize the risk of infection.

Safety of Sperm Donation

Not all sperm banks do the same medical screening, so it’s important to know that the sperm you use is safe and has been screened. Otherwise, you or your baby may be at risk. Using a reliable sperm donor locator can help you ensure that the sperm donation is safe.

How to perform insemination at home

Performing home insemination is a very simple process using simple OTC supplies. This can be done in two ways:

Intracervical insemination (ICI)

ICI, also known as The Turkey Baster Method, is the most commonly used home insemination method. It uses a needleless syringe to inject sperm near the cervix.

tools required

Needleless syringe or oral medical syringe

condom or collection cup

These tools are available over the counter at any major pharmacy, or you can get them from your doctor. Make sure you buy a syringe with a plunger, not a plunger end.

Knowing how to fertilize at home with fresh sperm can save you a lot of money, but it’s not a perfect process and so it’s important to understand the benefits and risks before you start. However, home fertilization can offer you an inexpensive and reliable option that has similar success rates to intercourse. In fact, a recent clinical study proved that the Mosie Home Insemination Kit is as effective as a doctor-directed IUI (Intrauterine Insemination).

Steps of intracervical insemination (ICI):

Step 1: Have the man ejaculate into the condom or collection cup.

Step 2: Insert the syringe into the withdrawal device and slowly pull back the plunger.

Step 3: Assume a position on your back with your hips elevated (use a pillow under your hips if needed). Make sure this is a position you can stay in for at least 30 minutes.

Step 4: Gently insert the syringe into the vagina until it is close to the cervix. Avoid actually touching the cervix as it can be painful.

Step 5: Slowly push the plunger down to eject the sperm.

Step 6: To increase the success rate, try to have an orgasm. This can help the cervix pull sperm up.

Step 7: Thoroughly clean all your supplies.

*If using frozen semen, allow the vial to sit for 30 minutes to thaw, then hold under your armpit or other warm place to allow it to reach room temperature.

Cervical Cap

This method is similar to the Turkey Baster method, but involves leaving a cervical cap in the vagina for several hours. The cervical cap method is comfortable in that you can move after it is inserted. However, they need to be customized for one, which may incur unnecessary expense.

tools required

Cervical cap or cup instead

Cervical Cap Steps

Step 1: Allow the male to ejaculate into the cervical cup or into the cup instead

Step 2: Fold the cap to hold the sperm

Step 3: Find a comfortable position and insert the cervical cap close to the cervix

Step 4: Try to have an orgasm. Especially with the cervical cap method, this works best with a vibrator.

Step 5: Leave the cap on for 2-4 hours

*If using frozen semen, allow the vial to sit for 30 minutes to thaw, then hold under your armpit or other warm place to allow it to reach room temperature.

How to make home insemination successful

Similar to intercourse, home insemination kit success rates are around 10-15% per menstrual cycle. This assumes you’re doing home insemination at the peak times of your cycle. The success rate of at-home artificial insemination depends on whether you perform it during your fertile window.

There are a number of tools to help you with this. Ovulation tests are one of the best ways to identify fertile periods. A good ovulation predictor will allow you to do home insemination only during the fertile window.

As I mentioned above, orgasming shortly after semen has been inserted can help increase the chances of a successful pregnancy. While the science behind this is unclear, it definitely won’t hurt to try.

Home insemination with a sperm donor

If you are thinking about insemination at home, it is quite likely that you plan to use a sperm donor. Luckily, home insemination with fresh sperm is pretty much the same whether you use a donor or not. Simply draw the sperm straight out of the tube with the syringe.

If you are using frozen semen, the process is very similar even after the semen has been thawed. Be sure to check with the sperm bank to make sure they know how to properly thaw the sperm.

September 25, 2018 by OVRS staff

The normal pup litter size usually varies between one and twelve. The world record according to Guinness is a whopping 24 puppies born to a Neapolitan Mastiff in the UK in 2004. Why does litter size vary so much and what determines litter size in puppies? OVRS examines the main factors affecting litter size.

Does breed determine a dog’s litter size?

Dog breed is the most important determinant of litter size. In general, large dogs have larger litters because they are biologically capable of carrying more puppies safely.

Here are some breeds and their estimated litter sizes:

Bullmastiff – 5-13

Labrador retrievers – 5-10

German Shepherd – 5-9

American Cocker Spaniel – 3-7

Yorkie and Chihuahua – 2-5

While the norm is for larger dogs to have larger litters, this is not always the case. For example, the Pekingese, which weighs only 7 to 14 pounds, can give birth to up to 10 puppies.

Large litters can be dangerous for the mother dog (mother) due to birthing problems, especially in smaller dogs. Some of the pups may be stillborn and the mother may be exhausted during birth.

Can humans affect a dog’s litter size?

Reputable breeders will want more puppies when they have a number of people who want them. Dog owners may want more bundles of squirming puppy joy from their canine companion. Humans have control over certain aspects of when and how a bitch is bred that can affect litter size, but there are limits.

Artificially inseminated dams produce smaller litters than naturally inseminated ones. This is likely due to more sperm dying during collection and fertilization.

Another key factor affecting size is when a mother gives birth to a litter of puppies. According to the American Kennel Club, litters born in the spring are generally larger than litters born at other times of the year.

Are there other ways to affect the size of a dog litter?

The age of the dog at breeding plays a key role in litter size. The older the mother, the smaller the litter, especially in larger breeds. Mothers bred between the ages of 2 and 5 typically have the largest litters.

Despite the mother’s age, the first 2 litters are usually smaller than the following ones. According to an article in Royal Canin, 3rd and 4th pregnancies are generally the largest.

The age of the male also plays a role in the litter size. After 5 years, the number and quality of the father’s sperm begin to decline. By 1.5-5 years, there is a greater chance that the sperm will fuse with the mother’s eggs. The most famous champions are usually bred to around 5 years of age.

Do genetics play a role in litter size?

The answer to that is yes and no.

Genetics (other than breed) accounts for approximately 15% in determining litter size. Genetic traits are mainly coat color, eye color and size.

What role does diet play in litter size?

Diet plays a big part in determining the number of puppies in a litter. To maximize the chances of a larger litter, a high-quality, high-protein diet should be consumed year-round. Dams with less than healthy diets, including overweight ones, produce smaller litters.

Finally

A pet parent or breeder can choose their breed, breed them at the optimal time, and feed them highly nutritious meals year-round. But they can’t determine the size of the litter – that’s up to Mother Nature.

Medical Director Cesar Diaz-Garcia MD PhD Assoc Prof IVI London

You can assume that artificial insemination is simply a matter of inserting male sperm into a female vagina to allow conception to occur without the intervention of sex. In its simplest form, this might be the case. With assisted reproductive technology, it’s a bit more complicated – although not by much.

Intrauterine insemination (IUI), to give it its proper name, is one of the least invasive and easiest forms of assisted reproduction. This comes to mind most clearly with single women and same-sex couples who want to start a family with the help of donor sperm. This is certainly one of its main uses, but it has other benefits as well. In this IVI blog article, we take a look at how IUI works, the success rates of assisted reproduction and its potential benefits for different people.

What is IUI and how does it work?

Essentially, IUI consists of introducing a sample of semen previously prepared in the laboratory into a woman’s uterus, either after spontaneous ovulation or after ovulation has been triggered following ovarian stimulation treatment. In IUI, the sperm and egg are placed as close together as possible to increase the chance of fertilization and conception in that cycle. Here’s the detail of how it works. Our video on artificial insemination also explains the process.

Ovarian stimulation is often used to ensure that 1 or more eggs are available at the right time for conception. The stimulation phase lasts about 10 days, during which ultrasound scans and blood tests assess follicle growth. Finally, 36 hours before artificial insemination, an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is given, which induces ovulation.

often used to ensure that 1 or more eggs are available at the right time for conception. The stimulation phase lasts about 10 days, during which ultrasound scans and blood tests assess follicle growth. Finally, 36 hours before artificial insemination, an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) is given, which induces ovulation. Semen preparation consists of selecting and concentrating the sperm with the best motility in a technique known as semen capacity. The procedure eliminates slow or immobile sperm so that the sample to be used for artificial insemination is optimized.

Artificial Insemination Success Rates: What Are the Odds?

According to the Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority (HFEA), assisted reproduction success rates per cycle range from 15.8% for women under 35, 11% for women ages 35-39, and 4.7% for women ages 40-40 42. Overall, over half of women with IUI become pregnant in the first six cycles.

However, the NHS warns that treatment is only possible in certain circumstances; It may not be available to same-sex couples unless previous private treatment has identified a fertility problem and wait times in different areas of the UK can be very long.

Here at IVI, our success rates vary based on the woman’s age and other factors, including the reason for the infertility, whether partner or donor sperm is used, and whether ovarian stimulation is used. When a couple undergoes the full IUI procedure every month, our total assisted reproduction success rates can be as high as 20% per cycle. Of course, a lot depends on the individual circumstances of a woman or a couple and it is always advisable to discuss this with a fertility specialist before opting for this treatment method.

Why IUI: Who Can Benefit?

Whether you go through the NHS or a private clinic, you’ll be put through tests to determine if you’re likely to benefit from IUI.

Assuming this is the case, who can benefit?

Single women who, for whatever reason, have decided to raise their own families are obvious candidates for IUI with donor sperm. In the absence of fertility-impairing conditions, this is the main recommended treatment. The HFEA advises that you should always go to a licensed clinic for the procedure so you know the semen has been tested to rule out any disease or hereditary problems. They also point out that the legal framework regarding donor anonymity in the UK differs from some other European countries and you must therefore be comfortable with the prevailing conditions. Of course, the same advice applies to any other person or couple considering IUI treatment using donor sperm.

Likewise, same-sex couples who have decided it is the right time to start a family are also an important beneficiary group of the IUI technique with donor sperm, as there is also no history of infertility.

For heterosexual couples, IUI using the male partner’s own sperm might be the recommended fertility treatment when: the reason for the low fertility is unknown and the period of infertility is short, the woman has ovulation problems, or an abnormality in the male partner’s cervix has sperm, the male partner is a carrier of a genetic disorder or disease that cannot be reliably identified by embryo screening.

Learn more about IUI

The Human Fertilization and Embryology Authority has some useful detailed information on finding a clinic for IUI treatment and weighing up the options for choosing a clinic in the UK or abroad. It also gives a good overview of the different legal systems surrounding sperm donation and the resulting rights and obligations of parents.

Talk to us at the IVI

IUI remains one of the simplest and easiest forms of assisted reproduction for quite a number of people. You can be one of them; Why don’t you come and find out? You can get in touch with us using our online contact form or attend an open patient evening at our clinic in London where you can get an expert answer to your questions in a relaxed and comfortable environment.

Request more information without obligation Contact us

Many factors contribute to the likelihood of pregnancy in assisted reproduction, including the type of semen (fresh or frozen), the semen quality and quantity, the age and fertility of the stud dog and bitch, the site of semen deposition (intrauterine or vaginal) and time of fertilization.

types of seeds

Insemination can be performed with three types of dog semen: fresh, fresh chilled and frozen.

Fresh

Freshly ejaculated dog semen has the longest viability. Sperm from young, fertile stud dogs can survive in the bitch’s reproductive tract for up to 5-7 days.

Freshly chilled

Fresh chilled semen involves the dilution of ejaculated semen in special canine diluents containing egg yolk and buffers that protect sperm during the chilling process. The elongated seed is then slowly cooled to 4°C and can remain viable for up to 3-4 days at 4°C. (Semen from some stud dogs has been reported to retain viability and fertility after 10 days storage at 4˚C). Cooling the semen conserves the energy of the sperm, thus prolonging their longevity and viability.

Storing semen at refrigerator temperatures makes it easier to ship canine semen either within the United States or internationally to Canada or Mexico. It is a great alternative to transporting the stud dog to the bitch or vice versa when both are far apart which can be very costly and inconvenient.

Frozen

Frozen semen is stored in liquid nitrogen at an extreme temperature of -196ºC. Sperm is preserved in a frozen state in either “straws” or “pellets”. The freeze-thaw process causes some degree of sperm damage, greatly reducing the bitch’s sperm lifespan to only 12-24 hours. Therefore, when dealing with frozen semen, it is crucial to know exactly when ovulation occurred so that we can ensure that the frozen semen is deposited in the uterus when the ova or “eggs” are ready for fertilization.

Timing of insemination: Monitor your bitch’s estrus cycle

The timing of insemination is very important. Monitoring your bitch’s heat or heat cycle to determine the optimal time for insemination involves performing one or a combination of the following procedures:

Blood samples to measure the hormone progesterone

Vaginal swabs for cytological examination to determine the time of fertilization and to check for infectious or inflammatory processes

Vaginoscopy to assess the vaginal vault, which correlates with the stage of the oestrus cycle and is a very useful timing tool. Vaginoscopy can also rule out anatomical abnormalities (strictures, septa, persistent hymen) before breeding.

The number of samples taken to determine the timing of insemination varies between bitches. We recommend starting the test about 5 days after the onset of heat (first noticeable sign) and then every second or third day until we determine when the bitch has released her ovulation hormone called “luteinizing hormone” or “LH”. The day this occurs is called an “LH surge” or “LH day 0” and coincides with a progesterone level around 2 ng/mL.

The day or days that we recommend performing artificial insemination depends on the type of semen used. For example, insemination with TG sperm takes place on “day 5” (after LH 0) if only one insemination is to be carried out, or on days 4 and 6 or 5 and 6 (after LH 0) if two inseminations are carried out should be able to be carried out.

Place of semen deposition: techniques of artificial insemination

Transcervical Fertilization

The intrauterine insemination technique that we recommend when using frozen-thawed semen or small numbers of potentially vulnerable fresh or chilled semen is transcervical insemination, where the semen is placed directly into the uterus to maximize the chance of pregnancy .

This internationally recognized technique was developed in 2001 by Dr. Developed by Marion Wilson in New Zealand. It has the advantages of being anesthetic and sedation free, non-surgical and relatively stress free. In addition, it has the decisive advantage over surgical artificial insemination that more than one insemination can be carried out during the bitch’s heat.

Transcervical insemination may not be a viable option for some female dogs, typically for behavioral reasons.

There have been some developments with the canine transcervical insemination endoscope. A new longer and slimmer endoscope has been specially developed for transcervical insemination in dogs. This facilitates transcervical insemination in large and giant breeds and virgin bitches.

Vaginal insemination

When using fresh or chilled semen with sufficient sperm count and sperm quality, the deposition of semen to the extreme end of the vagina can result in pregnancy and litter sizes consistent with natural mating.

There are many different types of catheters that can be used for vaginal artificial insemination. We insert a special artificial insemination catheter at the very end of the vagina. At this point, a bulb at the end of the catheter is inflated to mimic the swelling of the dog’s bulbous gland during mating. This not only prevents the backflow of semen, but also stretches the vaginal wall, resulting in the release of oxytocin and stimulation of contractions of the vaginal and uterine smooth muscles, facilitating the transport of sperm into the uterus. After the bulb is inflated, fresh sperm is slowly injected through the catheter into the back end of the vagina. This is then followed by a warm canine semen extender, which helps flush the semen into the uterus just as prostate fluid does during natural mating.

This is a technique that can be used in all bitches, is non-invasive, requires less skill and equipment than intrauterine artificial insemination techniques, and is therefore more economical. It is often used in virgin bitches and stallions who cannot “bond” or mate for a number of reasons.

Vaginal artificial insemination is not the preferred method of using frozen and thawed sperm. In addition to the greatly reduced lifespan already mentioned, frozen semen breeding units contain significantly fewer (i.e. 100 million motile sperm per “AI dose”) than a fresh or chilled insemination dose. Therefore, the deposition of small numbers of fragile, frozen and thawed sperm in the hostile vaginal environment causes a small number to travel through the cervix into the uterus and reach the fallopian tubes (fallopian tubes), the site of fertilization. This obviously results in a lower pregnancy rate and litter size.

Surgical intrauterine insemination

We neither recommend surgical insemination nor do we perform this insemination technique at the CSU. This technique involves general anesthesia and surgery, with the associated risks. An incision is made in the abdomen, the uterus is then identified and brought out. The semen is then injected directly into the uterine horns. It can only be performed once during the bitch’s heat. Additionally, surgical insemination does not increase conception rates or litter sizes.

Importance of seed treatment and assessment

Regardless of what type of semen (fresh, fresh-chilled, or frozen) or artificial insemination method is used to deposit the semen, careful and skillful handling of the semen is essential. Additionally, the assessment of a semen sample by a qualified and knowledgeable professional prior to fertilization plays a vital role in maximizing pregnancy rates.

Artificial insemination is a very useful tool of reproductive management. It allows the transport of semen both nationally and internationally. Management of both stud dog and bitch is critical to maximize both pregnancy rate and litter size after artificial insemination.

overview

Intrauterine insemination (IUI) – a type of artificial insemination – is a procedure used to treat infertility.

Washed and concentrated sperm are placed directly into your uterus around the time your ovary releases one or more eggs to be fertilized.

The hoped-for result of intrauterine insemination is that the sperm will swim up the fallopian tube and fertilize a waiting egg, resulting in pregnancy. Depending on the reasons for the infertility, the IUI can be coordinated with your normal cycle or with fertility drugs.

Why it’s done

A couple’s ability to conceive depends on many different factors. Intrauterine insemination is most commonly used in couples who:

donor sperm. In women who need to use donor sperm to get pregnant, IUI is the most commonly used to achieve pregnancy. Frozen donor sperm samples are obtained from certified laboratories and thawed prior to the IUI procedure.

For women who need to use donor sperm to get pregnant is most commonly used to achieve pregnancy. Frozen donor sperm samples are obtained from certified laboratories and thawed before the procedure. Unexplained infertility. IUI is often done as a first-line treatment for unexplained infertility along with ovulation-inducing drugs.

is often used as first-line treatment for unexplained infertility along with ovulation-inducing drugs. Endometriosis-related infertility. For endometriosis-related infertility, using medication to retrieve a good quality egg along with performing an IUI is often the first treatment approach.

In infertility associated with endometriosis, using medication to retrieve a good quality egg along with performing is often the first line of treatment. Mild male infertility (subfertility). Your partner’s semen analysis, one of the first steps in medical assessment of infertility, may reveal below-average sperm concentration, poor sperm movement (motility), or abnormalities in sperm size and shape (morphology). IUI can overcome some of these problems because preparing sperm for the procedure helps separate highly motile, normal sperm from lower-quality sperm.

Your partner’s semen analysis, one of the first steps in medical assessment of infertility, may reveal below-average sperm concentration, poor sperm movement (motility), or abnormalities in sperm size and shape (morphology). can overcome some of these problems as preparing sperm for the procedure helps separate highly motile, normal sperm from lower quality sperm. Cervical Factor Infertility. Your cervix, at the bottom of the uterus, forms the opening between your vagina and uterus. Mucus, produced by the cervix around the time of ovulation, provides an ideal environment for sperm to travel from your vagina to the fallopian tubes. However, if your cervical mucus is too thick, it can impede sperm travel. The cervix itself can also prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Scarring, such as that caused by a biopsy or other procedures, can lead to thickening of the cervix. IUI bypasses your cervix, depositing sperm directly into your uterus and increasing the number of sperm available to meet the waiting egg.

Your cervix, at the bottom of the uterus, forms the opening between your vagina and uterus. Mucus, produced by the cervix around the time of ovulation, provides an ideal environment for sperm to travel from your vagina to the fallopian tubes. However, if your cervical mucus is too thick, it can impede sperm travel. The cervix itself can also prevent sperm from reaching the egg. Scarring, such as that caused by a biopsy or other procedures, can lead to thickening of the cervix. bypasses your cervix, delivering sperm directly into your uterus and increasing the number of sperm available to meet the waiting egg. Ovulatory Factor Infertility. IUI can also be performed on women who have infertility caused by problems with ovulation, including not ovulating or having a reduced number of eggs.

can also be performed on women suffering from infertility caused by problems with ovulation, including a failure to ovulate or a reduced number of eggs. seed allergy. Rarely, allergy to proteins in semen can cause infertility. Ejaculation into the vagina causes redness, burning, and swelling where the semen touches the skin. A condom can protect you from the symptoms, but it also prevents pregnancy. If your sensitivity is severe, IUI can be effective because many of the proteins in the semen are removed before the semen is introduced.

risks

Intrauterine insemination is a relatively simple and safe procedure, and the risk of serious complications is low. Risks include:

Infection. As a result of the procedure, there is a small risk of developing an infection.

As a result of the procedure, there is a small risk of developing an infection. mock. Sometimes, inserting the catheter into the uterus causes light vaginal bleeding. This usually does not affect the chances of pregnancy.

Sometimes, inserting the catheter into the uterus causes light vaginal bleeding. This usually does not affect the chances of pregnancy. multiple pregnancy. IUI itself is not associated with an increased risk of multiple pregnancy — twins, triplets, or more. However, when combined with ovulation-inducing drugs, the risk of multiple pregnancy increases significantly. A multiple pregnancy carries higher risks than a singleton pregnancy, including early labor and low birth weight.

How to prepare

Transvaginal Ultrasound Open pop-up dialog Close Transvaginal Ultrasound Transvaginal Ultrasound In a transvaginal ultrasound, your healthcare professional or medical technician inserts a wand-like device (transducer) into your vagina while you lie on your back on an examination table. The transducer emits sound waves that create images of your pelvic organs.

Intrauterine insemination requires careful coordination before the actual procedure:

Preparation of the seed sample. Your partner will provide a semen sample at the doctor’s office, or a vial of frozen donor semen can be thawed and prepared. Since non-sperm elements in the semen can cause reactions in the woman’s body that interfere with fertilization, the sample is washed to separate the highly active, normal sperm from lower-quality sperm and other elements. The chance of getting pregnant increases by using a small, highly concentrated sample of healthy sperm.

Your partner will provide a semen sample at the doctor’s office, or a vial of frozen donor semen can be thawed and prepared. Since non-sperm elements in the semen can cause reactions in the woman’s body that interfere with fertilization, the sample is washed to separate the highly active, normal sperm from lower-quality sperm and other elements. The chance of getting pregnant increases by using a small, highly concentrated sample of healthy sperm. Monitoring of ovulation. Since the timing of the IUI is crucial, monitoring for signs of impending ovulation is crucial. To do this, you can use a home urinary ovulation prediction kit that detects when your body is producing a surge or release of luteinizing hormone (LH). Or an imaging test may be done that allows your doctor to visualize your ovaries and the growth of the eggs (transvaginal ultrasound). You may also be given an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or medication to help you ovulate one or more eggs at the right time.

Because ovulation timing is crucial, monitoring for signs of imminent ovulation is crucial. To do this, you can use a home urinary ovulation prediction kit that detects when your body is producing a surge or release of luteinizing hormone (LH). Or an imaging test may be done that allows your doctor to visualize your ovaries and the growth of the eggs (transvaginal ultrasound). You may also be given an injection of human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) or medication to help you ovulate one or more eggs at the right time. Determining the optimal timing. Most IUIs are performed a day or two after ovulation is detected. Your doctor or other healthcare provider will have a plan that will determine when your procedure will occur and what to expect.

What you can expect

The visit for intrauterine insemination lasts about 15 to 20 minutes and is usually performed in a doctor’s office or clinic. The IUI procedure itself only takes a minute or two and requires no medication or painkillers. Your doctor or a specially trained nurse will perform the procedure.

During the procedure

While lying on an exam table, put your legs in stirrups. Your caregiver inserts a speculum into your vagina — similar to a Pap test. During the procedure, the doctor or nurse must:

Attaches a vial containing a sample of healthy sperm to the end of a long, thin, flexible tube (catheter)

Inserts the catheter into the vagina, through the cervical opening, and into the uterus

Pushes the semen sample through the tube into the uterus

Remove the catheter, followed by the speculum

After the procedure

After the insemination you lie on your back for a short time. Once the procedure is complete, you can get dressed and go about your usual daily activities. You may have light spotting for a day or two after the procedure.

Results

Wait two weeks before taking a home pregnancy test. Testing too early could give the following result:

False negative. If the pregnancy hormones are not yet measurable, the test result can be negative, even though you are actually pregnant.

If the pregnancy hormones are not yet measurable, the test result can be negative, even though you are actually pregnant. false positive. If you’re using ovulation-inducing drugs like HCG, the drug still circulating in your body could indicate pregnancy, even though you really aren’t pregnant.

Your doctor may direct you to return about two weeks after your home kit results for a blood test, which is more sensitive in detecting pregnancy hormones after conception.

Owning a pet can be just as expensive as raising a child. According to recent data from a pet insurance company, vet bills over $1000 are more common than you think. Additionally, many pet insurance policyholders spent over $37 million on the most common health issues. If you don’t think those bills can track you, think again. Our friends at HowMuchIsIt.org, an inexpensive database, shared data on five common canine procedures that could quickly strain your budget.

The 5 most expensive procedures in dogs

1. Dental Emergencies

Dental emergencies can be avoided with regular dental care. You should brush your dog’s teeth regularly to prevent diseased or damaged teeth and gums. If dental work is required, your vet will remove all of the teeth. Many also do an x-ray of the teeth. A dental consultation alone can cost you upwards of $150. During this process they will discuss treatment and teach you how to keep up with your dog’s oral health. An annual cleaning can cost $650 with tooth extractions.

2. Gastrointestinal obstruction

Gastrointestinal obstruction is very painful for dogs. It occurs when an “object” partially or completely blocks the flow of fluid and food through the small intestine. Items such as pennies or lead material can cause poisoning and even death. Occasionally, if the item is small enough, it can fade over time. If not, surgical intervention is required. If your dog needs surgery to remove the obstruction, you’re looking at a bill that could be close to $3,000.

3. Pyometra

Pyometra is an infection that occurs in a bitch due to hormonal changes. This infection prevents white blood cells from getting to the uterus. Pyometra is most common in dogs older than six years, and symptoms may include: vomiting, drinking more water than usual, and a swollen abdomen.

Unfortunately, the treatment needed to treat this infection is surgery. It’s around $1,000 for emergency surgery. After that, you have to pay for antibiotics for at least two weeks.

4. High-rise Syndrome

With high-rise building syndrome, your pet falls or jumps between one and six stories. In these cases, injuries can range from a simple fracture to visceral trauma.

Fees for severe cases of high-rise syndrome can range from $2,000 to $5,000. Your dog also needs intensive care and needs to stay in the hospital for several days. Your dog may also need oxygen therapy and temporary feeding tubes. These costs all depend on the severity of the case.

5. Hip replacement

Many vets have said that hip replacement surgery is one of the most expensive procedures. The prostheses are made of the same material as human hip prostheses. Before the surgery, your dog will need an X-ray, and your dog will need at least two months of limited mobility to recover. Some veterinarians believe that hip surgery should be avoided unless there is no alternative. The average fee for canine hip replacement surgery is between $4,000 and $5,000. If your pet needs double hip surgery, it can cost as much as $8,000.

Other canine procedures

Aside from the canine procedures mentioned above, other conditions that can cost hundreds are common. This can include:

Benign skin mass: $400 to $600

ACL tear: $2,500 to $4,000

Cancer: $500 to over $4,000

Bladder stones: $1,200 to $2,000

As with us humans, these conditions can occur at any time. Do you have pet insurance or an urgent fund to take care of canine emergencies?

As CNNMoney reported, it can cost anywhere from $50,000 to $100,000 to show a dog in Westminster. And there’s no guarantee many bones will snag the Best in Show award.

But to increase the odds, some enthusiasts buy show-dog quality semen. And it’s not cheap. According to Bloomberg, a bottle costs about $2,000, which is less than the cost of buying a show-quality dog ​​(starting at about $2,500) and shipping it to your home. But the main caveat is that the semen may not be picked up, which means you’re spending a lot of money and have nothing to show for it. On the other hand, if it works, you can produce an entire litter of show quality puppies at a low cost.

People have seen results. For example, a German Shepherd took second place in the Best in Breed category at Westminster last year, the outlet reports. The German Shepherd came from the 17-year-old semen of a dog named Yoshi (registered name Lambluv Desert Dancer). Yoshi took home 64 Best in Show awards and also three Best of Breed awards at Westminster. Though he died in 2006, his legacy appears to live on.

See also: The Westminster Dogs’ Beauty Secrets

The idea of ​​freezing sperm in hopes of producing offspring that can snap blue ribbons is nothing new. People have been doing this since the ’60s, and one company, Breeder’s Veterinary Services, has successfully inseminated a dog and produced a liter of 27-year-old semen.

While the use of frozen sperm to fertilize a dog has increased 26 percent over the past 10 years, it still accounts for only about 1 percent of AKC-registered litters, according to Bloomberg.

Also see: Downtown Doghouse: Where Westminster dogs go to be groomed

Image via Flickr/Pets Adviser