Can Valerian Root Kill Dogs? The 185 Detailed Answer

Formulated to naturally help pets relax quickly during times of stress or anxiety

Calm your stressed, hyperactive or anxious pet quickly with our fast-acting valerian supplement for dogs and cats. Containing pure extracts of three herbs in liquid form, it works in just 30 minutes with effects lasting up to two hours. It can be given directly in the mouth, poured over food, or sprinkled on your pet’s bedding to instantly make any event less stressful. It’s non-drowsy and even our picky feline friends love the smell, making it super easy to use.

Frightened, anxious, hyperactive and stressed animals can be quickly calmed down with this easy-to-administer liquid. Dropped in the mouth, sprinkled over food, or even just a few drops sprinkled on a pet’s bedding can result in a more comfortable pet, making vet visits, traveling, or moving house instantly less stressful situations. Cats especially love the smell of Valerian Compound, so administering it really couldn’t be easier.

How does Valerian Compound work?

Valerian helps support the natural relaxation pathways within the nervous system without affecting muscles. It doesn’t make pets groggy or drowsy – in fact, it’s commonly used for agility and show dogs when they need to be alert and focused but calm. The concentrated herbal extracts used in this e-liquid ensure that a noticeable change in behavior occurs within just 30 minutes without causing drowsiness and the effects are short-lived. In situations that last longer, we also recommend the administration of skullcap and valerian tablets.

In the event of unexpected events such as thunderstorms, Valerian Compound works quickly and can also be used in combination with skullcap and valerian tablets in particularly anxious situations and in anxious animals.

What can Valerian Compound be used for?

Phobias and nervous disorders can be very difficult to deal with – both for pets and from the point of view of their owners. Commonly used to treat noise phobias and fears associated with fireworks, thunder and gunfire, as well as general excitability and hyperactivity, this herbal medicine is one of our best sellers. Popular with cats who are afraid to travel and also for spraying territory urine. Stock up on skullcap and valerian tablets well in advance of Fireworks Night (there is often a high demand at this time).

Many situations can be worrying for our pets, causing fear and anxiety. Valerian Compound can be used for:

Fireworks

Thunderstorm

Travel

indicates

go to kennels

Visit to the vet.

Valerian Compound acts quickly and will help you and your pet get through these events stress-free. It can also be used to restore calm in hyperactive pets.

Top Tip: Try putting a few drops on a cloth on your pet’s bed to help them relax, cats especially love this.

Will it calm my dog?

They are not sedatives but are commonly used for performance dogs such as agility and show dogs when they need to be alert and focused. The herbs are nerve-wracking, meaning they help relax the nervous system naturally, which reduces anxiety but doesn’t sedate the muscles.

Can I use the tablets and the liquid together?

Skullcap and Valerian tablets used daily provide better coverage and are ideal to start applying in the lead up to Fireworks Night so that they are already nice and relaxed before the spooky sounds start. Valerian Compound acts faster and is perfect for oral use as a “top-up” and for unforeseen events such as fireworks or a thunderstorm at the neighbor’s. Putting a few drops on a cloth on their bed to help them relax is ideal, cats especially love this.

When do I have to give the products?

The more severe the phobia, the sooner you should start, up to a month in some cases. For moderate phobias, start about 10 days before the predicted worst night. But even if you start about a day in advance, your dog will still benefit.

What dosage/administration should I use?

Valerian Compound Administration is 1/4 tsp for small dogs and cats, 1/2 tsp for medium-sized dogs, 1 tsp for large dogs and 1.5 tsp for giant breeds. Can be administered as needed, it is not recommended to give more than two administrations of the indicated amount in 24 hours.

Are they suitable for use during pregnancy/breastfeeding?

Valerian Compound is not recommended for use during pregnancy or breastfeeding – if you are unsure, contact our Advice Center for more information.

Are there interactions?

Valerian Compound can be given in conjunction with medication – if you are unsure contact our Advice Center for more information.

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If you are considering how to put a dog to sleep with sleeping pills, you need to read this post.

There comes a time in every dog ​​owner’s life when we realize our best friend is ready to say goodbye. They may be suffering from an illness or signs of old age.

Your dog could be in pain or have a severe case of canine dementia. Some owners prefer to have their pet euthanized themselves.

In good conscience, I cannot promote the topic of how to put a dog to sleep with sleeping pills. There is an alternative.

DO NOT euthanize a dog with sleeping pills – it’s not humane.

When the day comes

It’s really hard to think about letting our dogs die. They are part of our family and it just hurts to lose them. If you’re like me, you want to be next to your dog throughout the trip.

The Animal Humane Society is ready to help! Contact them right now for end-of-life support.

When the time comes, please call our Pet Helpline at 952-HELP-PET (952-435-7738) to discuss your needs. ~ Animal Human Society

Euthanasia is a scary word. Many dog ​​owners prefer to say that they send their dog over the Rainbow Bridge or have them put to sleep. But how do you know when it’s time to let your dog go?

When is euthanasia the right decision?

I can’t answer that question for you. Every dog ​​owner has to decide for themselves when it is the right time to let their dog go.

The reasons for the decision vary from person to person. You must make the decision that is best for your family’s situation.

However, I can give you some guidelines to help you in your decision. Consider this tweet below. The Humane Society is here to help you and your dog.

Consider the quality of life and consult a veterinarian.

Make a list of your dog’s physical problems. Think of things like pain and mobility, appetite or loss of appetite.

Digestive problems such as vomiting, diarrhea and constipation should be considered. Does your dog have an accident in the house? Are there other unusual things with your dog’s health or mental state?

Make a list of your dog’s current behaviors. How do they behave? Do they seem lost or confused? Do they keep barking or do they walk in circles? Do they act aggressively or destructively?

Consider your dog’s quality of life. Do they still enjoy doing some of the things they used to do?

Off to the vet!

Once you have your lists, take your dog to the vet for advice. Until a medical expert takes a look at your dog, you don’t really know what you’re dealing with.

TOPSELLING SLEEPING AIDS WILL JUST MAKE YOUR DOG SICK AND INCREDIBLY CALM.

Sometimes physical problems can be solved simply by adding an anti-inflammatory or CBD product. Don’t make any decisions until you’ve discussed things with the vet.

If you would like advice on putting a dog to sleep using sleeping pills, you should also discuss this with your veterinarian. Your vet can explain why this may or may not be a good option for your dog and can provide information on alternatives.

Look at the big picture

Once you have your lists and have spoken to the vet, you will have a better understanding of your dog’s situation. That should help you with your decision. Even if you decide to wait a while, you’ll have a better idea of ​​when the right time is.

If your dog is sick and suffering or has lost all quality of life, the decision may not be difficult for you. However, sometimes things move in a gray area.

It’s perfectly fine to euthanize your dog for serious behavior problems, even if he’s otherwise healthy. If your dog has dementia so bad he’s sorry to be around, think about how miserable his life must be for him.

Look at things from your dog’s perspective and remember that dogs are not afraid of death. Humans have this fear, but our dogs just take things as they come. Whatever decision you make, your dog will know that you are doing your best for him.

Once you’ve decided to euthanize

I hope you’ve discussed this with your vet, but once you’ve made your decision it’s time to prepare.

Make sure all family members have time to say goodbye to your dog. There’s nothing worse than feeling like you can’t spend those last happy moments with a family member.

Why use sleeping pills?

When people ask me how to put a dog to sleep with sleeping pills, I always ask them why would they want to do it? I totally understand the desire to euthanize your dog at home and avoid the stress of a vet visit. But there are other ways to achieve this.

You could give your dog a sedative before the last vet visit. This will make them relaxed and sleepy instead of excited.

You could have a vet come to your home and perform euthanasia there. Many vets travel these days for such situations. All you have to do is ASK.

If cost is the primary reason, then know that many shelters and emergency vets perform humane euthanasia at little or no cost.

You may not get cremation services, but it probably won’t cost much. Look around. There are many better options than sleeping pills.

Using sleeping pills for euthanasia is a bad idea

There are many reasons why trying to put a dog to sleep with sleeping pills is a very bad idea.

“Sleeping pills” is a generic term that encompasses many different medications. The drug most commonly used in medicine for euthanasia is pentobarbital.

Phenobarbital is a fast-acting barbiturate. It is also used in anesthesia and as an emergency medication to stop seizures.

In lower doses, it suppresses breathing and circulation, but in high enough doses it can completely stop the heart. It is usually given as an injection along with other sedatives.

Are you sure you want to know how to put a dog to sleep with sleeping pills?

Putting a dog to sleep using oral sleep aids is a lot harder than many people realize. Most of the time it doesn’t work and causes more suffering for the dog instead of ending their suffering.

There’s a reason vets euthanize dogs by injecting the drug directly into a vein.

Sleeping pills will likely make your dog vomit. Even if the pills stay down, it takes time for the pills to be digested and enter the bloodstream. Because these drugs are fast-acting, they are quickly cleared from your dog’s blood.

This means you could overdose, but the drug won’t work on your dog right away. Rather than falling asleep peacefully, your dog is more likely to vomit, have seizures, foam at the mouth, act highly agitated, and generally suffer greatly – and survive!

Requires a prescription

The only way to get a medication like pentobarbital is with a prescription from your doctor or veterinarian.

These drugs are strictly controlled and accounted for. It can be very difficult to get a prescription for them.

Not all sleeping pills work in euthanasia, and many simply cause serious distress and suffering. Don’t just give a dog some random sleeping pills.

It’s against the law!

In many places it is illegal for a person to euthanize a dog unless they have a veterinary license.

If things go wrong, you could get arrested and be in the news. The internet never forgets.

The real question isn’t how to put a dog to sleep with sleeping pills, but why bother trying when the alternatives are easier for your dog?

Please do not try to put a dog to sleep with sleeping pills!

Have your vet put your dog to sleep. Then you can focus on saying goodbye in a peaceful, calm environment and making your dog’s final moments perfect.

Thank you for reading this post and considering this option again. Your dog deserves a dignified death. A lot can go wrong with sleeping pills and cause stress and anxiety for you and your dog.

Author: T.R. O’Connell – Guest Post

I would like to thank the author for his fantastic work on this very sensitive subject.

Comments or Questions? Please do not hesitate to leave comments in the form below. You can also email me directly: [email protected]

Dog fear is widespread. It can prevent your dog from enjoying normal canine activities…like walking around the neighborhood. So it’s important to find a way to help her relax and have fun!

While some veterinarians will prescribe pharmaceutical medications for your dog, they may not be the best choice. Anti-anxiety medications can have some pretty bad side effects (read about them). Fortunately, there are many remedies that naturally calm dogs down.

First of all, some background information on fear of dogs.

Common types of anxiety in dogs

There are 2 types of dog anxiety… behavioral and situational.

1. Behavioral Anxiety

Behavioral anxiety is when your dog is constantly afraid of something.

Separation anxiety is a perfect example. It is the most common fear in dogs. Some experts estimate that around 14% of dogs suffer from it. These dogs are afraid of being home alone or separated from you in any way. You show signs of stress when you pick up your keys or when you leave the house.

But separation anxiety is just one example… there are many other causes of behavioral anxiety, including:

past trauma

abuse

New home

loss of a loved one

2. Situational Anxiety

Situational anxiety is when your dog is afraid of something specific. Common triggers of situational anxiety in dogs include:

Storms, fireworks, or other loud noises

car rides

Go to the vet or groomer

Many dogs also suffer from chronic anxiety or anxiety as a side effect of over-vaccination, particularly rabies. If you think this is the case with your dog, it is best to consult a homeopathic veterinarian to treat his condition. Find one at theavh.org. Most conduct telephone consultations.

Anxiety can also show up or worsen as your dog ages. This is usually associated with cognitive dysfunction and disorders.

Signs of anxiety in dogs

Sometimes it’s easy to tell when your dog is anxious. In other cases, you may need to be extra careful. These are some of the most common signs of dog anxiety:

Chewing or destructive behavior

barking or crying

restlessness, pace

Excessive licking

aggression

Loss of appetite, refusal to eat

tremors or tremors

Excessive panting

What are conventional treatments for dog anxiety?

If you ask your vet about treating dog anxiety, chances are you’ll pick up a bottle of anti-anxiety medication for your dog. These include drugs like Valium, Xanax, ProZac, Paxil, or Lorazepam. You may have even heard of them…many are human drugs.

Most dogs will need to take these medications for several weeks before a change occurs. But this does not mean that the treatment stops afterwards. Some dogs may eventually stop taking them, others will require lifelong treatment.

And these drugs come with a long list of undesirable side effects, including…

Side Effects of Conventional Treatment Increased or decreased appetite

lethargy and/or drowsiness

Affected learning and memory

Increased urination

Stomach upset, diarrhea, vomiting

Increased aggression and anxiety

damage to the liver

seizures

insomnia

Skin Conditions Some of these drugs can cause withdrawal symptoms if used long term and stopped too quickly. But there are many natural solutions.

Natural Remedies for Dog Anxiety

Before we talk about remedies, here are some ways you can help your dog with his anxiety in the long term.

Training tips for dog anxiety

If your dog is anxious, you can try to distract him or help him get out of the situation. Give your dog a treat or toy, ask him for tricks, pet him, or take him to a safe place. Soothing music and weighted blankets can also help.

In the long term, you can try to desensitize your dog to the stressor. For example, if your dog has separation anxiety, practice the activities you normally do before you leave… but don’t walk. Pick up and put away your keys or coat. When you go, be matter-of-fact and don’t worry about saying goodbye to your dog. Say hello to them calmly and without fuss when you get back home. You can also practice with short absences and slowly increase the absences. This will help her get used to you coming and going.

Another option is counterconditioning. To do this, you want to teach your dog to associate their triggers with something good. For example, if your dog is afraid of loud noises and something goes off, treat and pet them. This will help her associate loud noises with a good feeling. When you use desensitization and counterconditioning together, they can be even more effective.

There are also several alternative means of naturally calming dogs to relieve their anxiety. Here are 6 of our favorites.

#1 CBD Oil

The use of CBD oil for dogs is exploding due to its many benefits. It helps with pain management, seizures… and even cancer. And CBD oil also shows great results in managing dog anxiety.

How does CBD oil work?

It’s all about the endocannabinoid system. The body has cannabinoid receptors throughout the central nervous system. Your dog’s body releases endocannabinoid chemicals on its own. These connect to the receptors that stimulate your natural ability to produce serotonin. Serotonin is a natural mood stabilizer.

Research shows that CBD increases this ability. It interacts with the nervous system to ease and calm your dog’s anxiety.

CBD is great for dogs with situational anxiety as it works fairly quickly. If a storm is coming or you are driving your car, give your dog CBD oil 30-60 minutes beforehand. This will help her calm down and stay relaxed.

To give it to your dog, follow the dosage directions on the bottle. You can add it to your dog’s food or put it directly in his mouth.

DNM RECOMMENDS: Four Leaf Rover offers full-spectrum CBD oil for dogs. This organic hemp oil contains a wide range of cannabinoids that help calm your dog. Buy Full Spectrum CBD Oil Now >>

RELATED: How to Pick the Best CBD Oil for Dogs…

#2 herbs

There are several herbs that can help relieve your dog’s anxiety.

Chamomile (Matricaria chamomilla L) – There’s a reason people drink chamomile tea before bed…it’s a gentle herb with calming effects. It can help your dog relax and settle his stomach when he’s nervous. Use it when your dog gets nervous in the car and gets motion sickness.

Valerian (Valeriana officinalis) – Valerian is the best-known herbal tranquilizer. It is safe and gentle and calms the nerves. It also promotes physical relaxation. Use during stressful events or when your dog becomes hysterical or overexcited.

St. John’s Wort (Hypericum perforatum) – St. John’s Wort is a safe, effective alternative to antidepressants. Use for dogs with anxiety or separation anxiety (thunderstorms or fireworks).

You can use these herbs in various forms – as a tea, tincture or in capsules.

Tea When brewing tea, pour it over your dog’s food or into his water. 1 to 20 lbs…1/4 cup, 1-3 times per day

20 to 50 lbs… 1/4 – 1/2 cup, 1-3 times a day

50 to 100 lbs… 1 cup, 1-3 times a day

Tincture When using a tincture, add it to water or food, or put it directly in the mouth. 1 to 20 lbs… 1-4 drops, 2-3 times daily

20 to 50 lbs…5-10 drops, 2-3 times daily

50 to 100 lbs…10-20 drops, 2-3 times daily

Capsule If you are giving your dog a capsule, open it and add it to your dog’s food. You can also put it in a piece of meat, cheese or banana and give it to your dog like that. 1 to 20 lbs… 1/2 – 1 capsule, 1-3 times daily

20 to 50 lbs…1 or 2 capsules, 2-3 times daily

50 to 100 lbs…1 or 2 capsules, 3-4 times daily

#3 Homeopathic remedies

Homeopathic remedies are effective because they are chosen to suit specific symptoms. They are also very safe.

To give these remedies, mix 3 of the small beads in a glass of filtered water (try not to touch them with your hands). Mix them together with a spoon and apply some of the liquid to your dog’s gums with a teaspoon or a clean dropper.

Determine what’s causing the anxiety and use one of these remedies for quick relief. In general, you should start with 3 doses 12 hours apart, then stop and wait for changes before dosing again.

Aconitum 30C Aconitum is a good remedy to start with. It generally helps with anxiety and can be given every 15 minutes during a storm. Just continue until you see improvement. If you don’t see improvement, try another remedy.

Phosphorus 30C Phosphorus is good for all noise phobias. You can give it once or twice a day.

Pulsatilla 6C or 30C This is a good remedy for dogs with separation anxiety.

Borax 6C Borax is specific for fear of thunderstorms and you can give it twice a day.

Gelsemium 6C or 30C Gelsemium is often used to treat separation anxiety. It can even lead to diarrhea or involuntary urination when a dog is under extreme stress that needs this remedy. RELATED: What you need to know about homeopathy for dogs…

#4 Bach flower essences

About 75 years ago, the English doctor Edward Bach found that the essence of certain flowers helps restore emotional balance. This makes them perfect for relieving stress and calming an anxious dog. (It’s also good for your own stress).

These remedies are gentle, non-toxic, and your dog cannot overdose on them. You can use individual essences that suit your dog’s specific fears and anxieties, or you can use the well-known Rescue Remedy blend. It is available at most health food stores.

Rescue Remedy is a pre-made blend of Bach Flowers:

Star of Bethlehem

rock rose

cherry plum

Impatient

clematis

It can help in all sorts of stressful situations. Use it to relieve stress before going to the vet or hairdresser. It’s also good for separation anxiety or situations that you know cause anxiety.

RELATED: Read more about flower remedies for dogs…

#5 Essential Oils

Essential oils like lavender and violet leaf are great for calming your dog’s anxiety. You can also try blending oils. These blends come from aromatherapist Joy Musacchio:

Separation Anxiety: Neroli, Violet Leaf, Vetiver, Lavender, Rose Hydrolate. Fear of Thunder and Fireworks: Frankincense, Rose Otto, Hops and Cornflower Hydrolate. General Anxiety: Frankincense, Violet Leaf, Lime Blossom, Roman Chamomile, Hemp.

For each recipe, mix 5 drops of each oil in 2-3 ounces of a carrier oil such as almond oil or apricot kernel oil.

Spray the diluted oil on your dog’s bed or blanket, or in the air. You can also use a diffuser, but make sure your dog can leave the room if the oils make him uncomfortable.

Cautions: Never let your dog swallow essential oils. Never use undiluted essential oils on your dog.

Essential oils are very powerful for dogs, so hydrolates can be a much gentler option. Hydrosols are leftovers from the essential oil manufacturing process. They are far less concentrated than the essential oils and are considered safer for dogs.

From canine herbalist Rita Hogan, this calming spray is great for general anxiety. The chamomile and lavender hydrolates it contains calm and soothe your dog.

ingredients

½ oz Neroli (Citrus aurantium) hydrolate

½ oz Blue Chamomile Hydrolate (Matricaria recutita).

5 drops of lavender essential oil (Lavandula angustifolia).

Mix the ingredients together in a spray bottle. Shake before use and spray your dog. Store in the refrigerator for up to six months.

Anxiety can affect your dog’s (and your own) quality of life. But these natural solutions can help her get some relief.

sow

Sow J Don’t sow in January F Don’t sow in February M Sow in March A Sow in April M Don’t sow in May J Don’t sow in June J Don’t sow in July A Don’t sow in August S Don’t sow Sow in September O Sow not in October N Do not sow in November D Do not sow in December

attachment

Planting J Do not plant in January F Do not plant in February M Do not plant in March A Do not plant in April M Plant in May J Plant in June J Plant in July A Plant in August S Plant in September O Do not plant in October. N Do not plant in November. D Do not plant in December

Flower

Flowers J Plant does not flower in January F Plant does not flower in February M Plant does not flower in March A Plant does not flower in April M Plant does not flower in May J Plant flowers in June J Plant flowers in July A Plant flowers in August S Plant flowers in September O plant does not flower in October N plant does not flower in November D plant does not flower in December

Split

Share J Don’t share in January F Don’t share in February M Share in March A Share in April M Don’t share in May J Don’t share in June J Don’t share in July A Don’t share in August S Don’t share Seperate in September O Don’t share in October N division not in November D division not in December

Collect seeds

Interest in alternative therapeutic uses has increased in recent decades. Valerian, also known as “plant valium,” is a popular choice as a natural remedy for insomnia or anxiety. To ensure patient safety, physicians need to be aware of commonly used alternative therapeutic products, their mechanisms of action, and potential pharmacological interactions. We present an unusual case of encephalopathy due to the combination of valerian root, a plant with putative sedative properties, together with a natural “γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) supplement”. This case underscores the importance of thorough research into alternative therapies when evaluating encephalopathy, as well as the importance of education about the agents commonly used.

introduction

The World Health Organization reported in 2000 that although the global prevalence of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use varied significantly between countries, ranging from 9% to 65%, they noted a trend of increasing interest in natural therapeutic products more frequently than perceived safer and more organic alternatives [1]. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) reported in 2015 that the most commonly used CAM in adults in the United States was dietary supplements without vitamins and minerals, with a prevalence of 17.7% [2]. The CDC has reported that the incidence of short sleep duration in the United States is approximately 35.2% [3]. Approximately 4.5% of individuals diagnosed with insomnia in the United States have used CAM therapy to treat their condition [4].

Alternative therapeutic products are not well regulated, and dosages and ingredients vary widely between supplements. A US study of CAM use and disclosure in cancer patients found that herbal supplements were the most commonly used CAM (11.6% of respondents), with 18% of respondents not reporting CAM use to their doctor. The reasons given for the confidentiality were that the doctor did not ask (57.4%) or the participants felt that their doctors did not need to know (47.4%) [5]. In order to ensure safe and appropriate treatment, clinicians need to be informed and familiar with commonly used alternative therapeutic products, their mechanisms of action and possible pharmacological interactions. Encephalopathy is a common symptom and can result from a myriad of etiologies. Frequent work-up can help identify a number of these causes, however, toxicity associated with ingested substances, particularly due to CAMs, is often difficult to delineate due to the lack of available tests for these substances. The diagnosis is therefore dependent on a thorough history taking, which is often only clarified in discussion with the patient after the encephalopathy has improved. We present an illustrative case of encephalopathy induced by a combination of an overdose of valerian root and a natural dietary supplement containing “γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)” to improve sleep.

case presentation

A middle-aged woman with a history of bipolar disorder with catatonia (last episode two years prior) prescribed bupropion and carbamazepine and no other medical comorbidities with altered mental status after being wheeled in circles by bystanders in the parking lot of a church regularly attended. EMS reported that upon arrival she was fully awake and responsive but non-verbal. Therefore, she was taken to the hospital to be checked for possible cerebrovascular events. In the Emergency Department (ED) she was found to be hypertensive, tachycardia, mydriatic, diaphoretic, agitated and trembling, symptoms that persisted 24 hours after her admission. Laboratory tests were significant for a blood ethanol level of 15 mg/dl and a carbamazepine level of 3.7 µg/ml (with a therapeutic range of 0.5-4 µg/ml). A urine drug screen was ordered but unfortunately never received. The medical team suspected her presentation represented acute benzodiazepine or alcohol withdrawal and decided to take her to the intensive care unit (ICU) for close monitoring and supportive treatment. She was placed on the Glasgow Modified Alcohol Withdrawal Score protocol and required a total of 12mg of lorazepam for tremors and anxiety over a 48 hour period. On arrival at the ICU, it was also determined that the patient was exhibiting paranoia about taking medication and accepting care interventions, and a psychiatric consultation was arranged.

At psychiatric evaluation, the patient presented as a young-looking 48-year-old woman. She sat up straight in bed, very still and moving slowly. She had no observable physical deformities or disabilities. She wore clean hospital clothes and looked well-groomed. She showed no abnormal involuntary movements. Her demeanor was withdrawn and sullen. Her attitude towards the examining psychiatrist was reserved and suspicious. A friend was present at her bedside, who often gave her encouraging looks. She fixed herself intensely and stared at the examiner before answering.

Her speech was fluent, of a normal tone, but hesitant with a significant delay and lack of content. When asked questions, she often questioned the examiner’s rationale for asking the questions. Her range of emotional expression did not match her declared mood of “good” and was limited to fear. Her thinking was slow, awkward, and insistent because she only wanted to speak to the psychiatrist at another facility who had treated her during her last catatonic hospital stay two years ago. Her thought content, portrayed as paranoid and suspicious, focused on trying to identify the “real” reasons for the psychiatrist’s presence and questioned the safety of the department and the ability of strangers to enter. She showed no observable responses to internal or unseen external stimuli. Her perceptiveness was perfectly normal in conversation, with an adequate ability to concentrate.

Slowly, as she answered questions, the following tableau emerged: The patient had had nightmares and trouble sleeping for over a month. She recounted domestic physical, sexual and psychological trauma with nightmares and insomnia treated with carbamazepine and bupropion. Given her desire to no longer be dependent on medication, she began weaning her bupropion and carbamazepine, while beginning to take an over-the-counter valerian root supplement at a dose of 1,000 mg daily at bedtime in addition to another over-the-counter supplement. The counter supplement called “GABA supplement”. As her nightmares returned and began to worsen in frequency and intensity, she began doubling the dose of the valerian root supplement in addition to continuing the GABA supplement at the recommended dose. Two or three days before admission, she stopped taking her carbamazepine and bupropion, her anxiety peaked, and she felt “unlike herself,” “anxious,” and “excitable.” The next morning she tried to go to church but had only vague memories of what happened next. She recalled feeling “slower” and “anxious” in the ambulance and voluntarily refused to answer the emergency services’ questions. She vehemently denied any past alcohol consumption, which was confirmed by collateral. It was determined that the patient’s presentation was due to GABA overdose due to sedative-hypnotic toxicity using agents with unregulated and therefore unpredictable pharmacodynamics. Alcohol withdrawal treatment was terminated and her carbamazepine was resumed. On the third day of admission, the patient’s sensorium cleared and her treatment team felt comfortable sending her home. On discharge she displayed a full, reactive but intense affect and anxious mood regarding the circumstances leading up to this hospitalization.

discussion

The term valerian derives from the Latin word “valere”, which means “to be healthy”. Valerian roots, also known colloquially as “plant valium”, are the roots of the Valeriana officinalis plant. Valerian root is used worldwide for its calming and hypnotic properties to relieve insomnia or anxiety. It is taken as a tea made from the dried roots of the plant or as a commercially available over-the-counter preparation (either with valerian root alone or in combination with other plants). The typical dose for insomnia is 300-900 mg taken 30 minutes to an hour before bedtime. Doses greater than 1060 mg daily are associated with toxicity.

Valerian products contain a variety of components including valeric acid, iridoids, alkaloids, furanofuran lignans, and free amino acids such as GABA, tyrosine, arginine, and glutamine [6]. Valerian has shown affinity for several receptors: serotonin (5HT-5a), GABA A and B, α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid (AMPA), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), and CCK [7,8]. Clinical studies on various valerian preparations have not shown any relevant interactions with the cytochrome P 450 enzyme system [9]. However, studies have shown that valerian use potentiates the effects of phenobarbital, benzodiazepines and other CNS depressants [7,8], likely through additive effects at the GABA receptors. Some studies suggest that valerian has a mild hypnotic effect with improved sleep efficiency, especially with long-term use [7,10]. However, the literature is generally of low quality and shows no consistent benefit when used for insomnia [6,7].

Toxicity or major side effects with valerian are rare [6,7]. Mild symptoms of toxicity include fatigue, abdominal cramps, chest tightness, lightheadedness, hand tremors and mydriasis, which usually resolve within 24 hours [6,11]. At higher doses, toxicity can manifest as headache, acute or delayed hepatotoxicity, cognitive decline, dry mouth, mood swings including agitation or malaise, strange and vivid dreams, and increased drowsiness [9]. Our patient presented with an encephalopathy characterized by profound somnolence and autonomic instability, likely due to the additive effects of the high doses of valerian root consumed along with another unidentified GABA formulation. To our knowledge, such a significant side effect has not been reported before, despite even larger doses of valerian or GABA supplements. The encephalopathy resolved after 36 hours of conservative treatment and close monitoring in the intensive care unit.

Because the initially elevated ethanol level in this case was a diagnostic confounder pending further investigation, it is important to note that the enzymatic reaction-based ethanol test can produce false positive values ​​of 3-30 mg/dL. Such a false tiny increase can be due to interference from multiple causes including hemoglobin, lipids, bilirubin, and the use of an alcohol-based cleaning solution. It is important for clinicians to be aware of this potential interference as it can lead to misdiagnosis. In this case, the alcohol content was a red herring in this situation.

Conclusions

Valerian has been used to relieve insomnia, anxiety and nervous agitation since the second century AD. In Europe it became popular in the 17th century. It has also been suggested to treat stomach cramps. Some research—though not all—suggests that valerian may help people with insomnia. The German Commission E has approved valerian as an effective mild sedative and the US Food and Drug Administration listed valerian as “Generally Recognized as Safe” (GRAS).

Scientists aren’t sure how valerian works, but they think it increases the amount of a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA helps regulate nerve cells and has a calming effect on anxiety. Medications like alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium) also work by increasing the amount of GABA in the brain. Researchers believe valerian may have a similar but weaker effect.

insomnia

Valerian is a popular alternative to prescription drugs for insomnia because it is considered safe and gentle. Some studies show that it helps people fall asleep faster and feel like they have better sleep quality.

One of the best-designed studies found that valerian was no more effective than placebo for 14 days, but after 28 days, valerian significantly improved the sleep of those taking it. Some researchers now believe you need to take valerian for a few weeks before it starts to work. However, in another study, valerian was almost immediately more effective than placebo.

Other studies show that valerian reduces the time it takes to fall asleep and improves sleep quality. Unlike many prescription sleep aids, valerian may have fewer side effects, such as: B. Morning sleepiness.

But not every study has shown that valerian has a beneficial effect. A review of several studies found that valerian is unlikely to work to treat insomnia. So the evidence remains contradictory.

Valerian is often combined with other sedative herbs like hops (Humulus lupulus) and lemon balm (Melissa officianalis) to treat insomnia. In a study of postmenopausal women, a combination of valerian and lemon balm helped reduce symptoms of insomnia.

Loss of sleep is a global problem. Health experts suspect that insufficient sleep triggers or worsens many serious health problems, so getting the best sleep should be a top priority. If you’re one of the many people who don’t get enough sleep or have trouble sleeping, you might be wondering if natural sleep aids can help. We examine valerian root, a popular natural sleep aid, and cover its effects on the body, possible side effects, and recommended dosage.

What is valerian root?

Valerian root, often referred to as valerian, is the root of the valerian plant, officially known as Valeriana officinalis. This herb is native to Asia and Europe, but can also be found in North America. Valerian root has a distinctive odor that many people find unpleasant.

The medicinal use of valerian root dates back to ancient Greece and Rome. Valerian was used early on to treat migraines, fatigue, stomach cramps and insomnia. Currently, valerian is primarily taken to treat insomnia, anxiety, premenstrual syndrome (PMS), menopause, depression, and headaches.

When used as a dietary supplement, valerian root is generally dried and then made into a tea, tincture, capsule, or tablet. These forms of valerian root are available over the counter at pharmacies, grocery stores, and online. Valerian root supplements are very popular natural sleep aids and are commonly used in European countries such as France, Germany and Sweden. In a survey conducted in the US, more people reported taking valerian root to sleep than melatonin.

How does valerian root work?

Valerian root contains several chemical compounds that can affect the human brain and body, but researchers have not fully determined which compounds affect us. Most likely, multiple components work together to provide effects. Researchers have identified the following active ingredients in valerian root:

Iridoids, also called valepotriates

Essential oils, including valerenic acid and valeric acid

lignans

flavonoids

GABA (at low levels)

effects on the body

More research is needed, but valerian root can affect the body in a variety of ways. For example, the iridoids found in valerian root can have an anti-inflammatory effect and inhibit the expression of certain genes. Studies in mice suggest that valerian root may reduce pain in the body through flavonoids that inhibit the formation of nitric oxide.

effects on the brain

In terms of the brain, researchers have primarily looked at how the valerenic acid in valerian root affects GABA receptors, a type of neurotransmitter in the brain. The effect on GABA receptors is at least partly how valerian root supplements relieve anxiety, although their effects can vary from person to person based on gender and age. Valerian root is also likely to affect serotonin receptors, which are involved in mood and sleep.

Valerian root has also been found to reduce brain activity in the motor cortex in response to stimulation and alters the way brainwaves in different parts of the brain work together in response to stress and anxiety.

Can Valerian Root Help You Sleep?

After analyzing 60 research studies published over nearly 40 years, researchers found that valerian root is likely to improve sleep and reduce anxiety in many people. Valerian root supplements have been found to help people fall asleep faster, improve their sleep quality, and spend more time in a deep sleep phase.

However, some studies found that valerian root had no effect or a statistically insignificant effect. To see improvement, people may need to take valerian root on a regular basis, rather than every now and then or as needed.

One thing to keep in mind is that the American Academy of Sleep Medicine (AASM) advises against using natural sleep aids, including valerian root and melatonin, to treat chronic insomnia due to the lack of evidence on their effectiveness and safety are. Chronic insomnia is a sleep disorder in which a person has trouble falling or staying asleep three more nights a week for at least three months. During this time, they also suffer from daytime sleepiness or difficulty concentrating.

Benefits of Valerian Root

Valerian root may offer benefits beyond improved sleep and anxiety. Although more research is needed, and many of these studies are still in the early stages, researchers have found that valerian root supplementation may also help treat or manage the following:

Preliminary research also shows that valerian root extract and the valerianic acid found in valerian root may slow the growth of breast cancer cells in laboratory experiments and may have anti-cancer and anti-tumor properties in general. Another study found similar results when valeric acid was applied to liver cancer cells. However, more research is needed to understand if or how valerian root can be used to treat people with cancer.

Valerian Root Side Effects

In general, it is believed that taking valerian root supplements produces fewer side effects than taking tranquilizers or sleeping pills.

Most studies using valerian root for sleep found that participants experienced no side effects, or experienced mild side effects at a comparable rate to groups taking a placebo. However, other studies have found that valerian root can cause the following side effects in some people:

headache

stomach pain

feelings of discomfort

changes in heart rate

insomnia

sleepiness

Dry mouth

Vivid Dreams

The effects of valerian root on a person can depend on the dosage taken. For example, an older study found that valerian root reduced anxiety when people took 600 or 1,200 milligrams, but increased anxiety at a dose of 1,800 milligrams.

In some rare cases, valerian root – especially when taken in excess – has produced unusual effects:

An 85-year-old man with mood and neurological disorders became insane after stopping valerian root supplements

A 48-year-old man with an anxiety disorder had extremely low levels of sodium that caused seizures and impaired consciousness after consuming several drinks containing valerian root and other herbs

A 55-year-old man had pink urine, a rash and altered consciousness after ingesting valerian extracts, although experts suspect he may have consumed something toxic

Is Valerian Root Safe?

Many studies have shown that valerian root is a safe natural sleep aid. Researchers have found that taking valerian root regularly for up to 28 days causes no problems for most adults.

People taking sedatives or other anti-anxiety or sleep aids should avoid valerian root. There is a possibility that these drugs will interact or become too sedating when combined. Pregnant or breastfeeding women and children under the age of 3 should also not take valerian root, as the risks in these groups have not yet been studied.

Long-term safety studies of valerian root supplementation have not been conducted. The American Academy of Sleep Medicine also advises against using valerian root for chronic insomnia, citing that there isn’t enough research to support its safety or effectiveness.

How to take valerian root to sleep

There is no official dosage recommendation for people who want to take valerian root. Most research studies on the effects of valerian root on sleep show that people regularly take 300 to 600 milligrams once a day.

When taking a supplement, it is often best to start with a low dose and then gradually increase it over time as needed. Talk to your doctor before starting valerian root to discuss dosage and if it’s the best sleep aid for you.

When to talk to your doctor

Since there are no official guidelines for natural sleep aids, you should check with your doctor before taking them. Whether you’re interested in valerian root, melatonin, ashwagandha, or cannabis, your doctor can advise you on possible risks and side effects, as well as a recommended dosage.

If you have more than occasional insomnia and think you may have a sleep disorder, make an appointment with your doctor instead of self-medicating with natural sleep aids. A variety of sleep disorders disrupt sleep and cause daytime sleepiness. Your doctor will ask you questions and, if necessary, order tests to determine what is causing your sleep problems so that you can receive appropriate treatment.

By Jennifer Coates, DVM

Dog behavior can be unfathomable at times. Why do some dogs fall apart at the mere mention of going to the “v-e-t” while others leap carelessly through the door? And what about the nail design? Does your dog take it easy or is he giving his best Cujo impression? When confronted with a dog that is anxious, aggressive, or just downright hyperactive, pet parents often crave a tranquilizer (for their dogs, of course). But is that the right answer?

Sedatives can play a role in helping dogs relax, but the drugs are often abused. Let’s look at the common types of tranquilizers given to dogs, how they work, and which are best in different circumstances.

Dealing with the underlying problem: anxiety in dogs

Anxiety — that feeling of nervousness, uneasiness, or apprehension we’re all familiar with — is at the heart of most dog behavior problems. Sometimes anxiety is perfectly normal, but it becomes a problem when it’s severe or frequent enough to affect the dog’s or owner’s quality of life. If your dog is anxious, you may notice a combination of the following symptoms:

Tense muscles

Tremble

panting

Attempts to escape the situation, which can lead to destructive behavior

urination, defecation, release of the anal glands

Crouching or crouching low to the ground, or trying to hide in a “safe” place

Eyes wide open, sometimes with visible whites

Ears pulled back

What to do about fear in dogs?

Behavior modification is the best way to treat anxiety in dogs. These protocols typically involve teaching dogs to remain calm when exposed to mild versions of their triggers, rewarding them, and gradually increasing the intensity of their exposure as long as they remain calm.

However, it can sometimes be difficult for dogs to remain calm even with the slightest of triggers. This is when medications and other anti-anxiety products become invaluable. There are many over-the-counter options available for mild anxiety, including:

Dietary supplements such as L-theanine, melatonin or S-adenosyl methionine

synthetic pheromone supplements (e.g. Dog Appeasing Pheromone or DAP)

Body wraps that apply soothing pressure

For moderate to severe anxiety, veterinarians turn to prescription anti-anxiety medications such as alprazolam, amitriptyline, buspirone, clomipramine, dexmedetomidine, diazepam, fluoxetine, lorazepam, paroxetine, sertraline, or trazodone.

Short term tranquilizers for dogs

But what about those instances where a dog’s behavior needs to be addressed before anxiety treatments can work, or when they are not appropriate? For example, what can be done for the hyperactive dog that needs rest after surgery, or the dog with a history of aggression that needs X-rays as soon as possible? In this case, a sedative can be a good idea.

Oral tranquilizers for dogs

Owners looking for a tranquilizer to give their dogs at home are somewhat limited in their choices.

Acepromazine is the most commonly prescribed oral tranquilizer for dogs. It is a member of the phenothiazine class of tranquilizers and works primarily by blocking dopamine receptors in the brain, thereby suppressing certain brain functions. Unfortunately, acepromazine tablets can have very different effects on different people. Some dogs don’t appear to be sedated at all, while others get laid even when similar doses of the drug are administered. In addition, the onset and duration of effects can be inconsistent and difficult to predict.

A potentially better option is to inject the injectable, liquid form of acepromazine between the dog’s gums and cheek. The drug is absorbed through the oral mucosa and provides more reliable sedation. Regardless of how oral acepromazine is administered, side effects such as low blood pressure and seizures are possible in those at risk.

Sometimes a veterinarian will recommend a drug traditionally used for other purposes for its calming “side effects.” For example, the anticonvulsant drugs phenobarbital and gabapentin are known to have a strong sedative effect when first given to dogs, so they can also be prescribed before a potentially stressful event.

Treatment with more than one drug at a time often improves a dog’s response to sedation. Possible combinations of oral tranquilizers include:

Acepromazine and Telazol powder (an anesthetic)

acepromazine and diazepam (an anti-anxiety drug)

diazepam and butorphanol (an opioid pain reliever)

phenobarbital and diazepam

Dexmedetomidine (a pain reliever and anti-anxiety drug), ketamine (an anesthetic and pain reliever), and butorphanol. This combination can be absorbed through the oral mucosa.

Injectable tranquilizers for dogs

Whenever possible, administering tranquilizers by injection is preferable to oral administration, as a dog’s response is usually quicker and more predictable. Most of the above oral medications are also available for injection. Popular injectable tranquilizers and injectable tranquilizer combos for dogs include:

acepromazine

acepromazine and butorphanol

diazepam and butorphanol

Telazol

Telazol and Butorphanol

Dexmedetomidine (can be reversed with atipamezole)

Dexmedetomidine, ketamine, and butorphanol (can be partially reversed with atipamezole)

Your dog’s veterinarian can determine which tranquilizer is best for your dog based on the issue being treated and your dog’s overall health. Regardless of what medication is prescribed, be sure to follow the dosage instructions that come with it, never give more sedative than recommended, and speak to your veterinarian about any questions or concerns you might have.

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sow

Sow J Don’t sow in January F Don’t sow in February M Sow in March A Sow in April M Don’t sow in May J Don’t sow in June J Don’t sow in July A Don’t sow in August S Don’t sow Sow in September O Sow not in October N Do not sow in November D Do not sow in December

attachment

Planting J Do not plant in January F Do not plant in February M Do not plant in March A Do not plant in April M Plant in May J Plant in June J Plant in July A Plant in August S Plant in September O Do not plant in October. N Do not plant in November. D Do not plant in December

Flower

Flowers J Plant does not flower in January F Plant does not flower in February M Plant does not flower in March A Plant does not flower in April M Plant does not flower in May J Plant flowers in June J Plant flowers in July A Plant flowers in August S Plant flowers in September O plant does not flower in October N plant does not flower in November D plant does not flower in December

Split

Share J Don’t share in January F Don’t share in February M Share in March A Share in April M Don’t share in May J Don’t share in June J Don’t share in July A Don’t share in August S Don’t share Seperate in September O Don’t share in October N division not in November D division not in December

Collect seeds