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Table of Contents
Do the Amish allow tattoos?
Some talk about wanting to find an Amish partner, others, about the fear they won’t be accepted into the community because they are single parents, or divorced, or have tattoos or once dabbled in drugs.
Can a regular person convert to Amish?
You can begin wherever you are.” Yes, it is possible for outsiders, through conversion and convincement, to join the Amish community, but we must quickly add that it seldom happens. First, the Amish do not evangelize and seek to add outsiders to their church.
What do the Amish think of outsiders?
Most Amish people enjoy talking with outsiders, if they don’t feel like they are regarded as animals in the zoo. In some Amish communities shops and attractions may not be open on Sundays, so be sure to call ahead and plan accordingly.
How do I join the Amish community?
- First, come live in an Amish area for a year. …
- Attend church services … …
- Find a job where you will be working with the Amish. …
- Learn German. …
- After one year, if you still think you wish to become Amish, there will be a period of time when you are instructed in the ways of the church.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Jump over the fence from the other side…
I can’t tell you how many letters, calls, and emails I receive from people asking me how they can become Amish. The number must be in the hundreds, I’m sure.
Most of these people have done some research into the Amish lifestyle and admire the simple traits that the Amish live by. While I’m sure some are perfectly sincere, I often feel like many of these people are asking because they’re looking for a “quick fix” to their hectic, over-materialistic, fed-up life.
I recently sat down with Atlee D. Miller, a member of the Walnut Creek Northeast New Order Amish Church. He is the father of 10 children: four boys and six girls.
I asked him how anyone could become Amish if they were genuinely sincere. These are the steps that Atlee outlined:
1. Live in an Amish area for a year initially. You can live alone or with an Amish family. Some Amish families accept such guests; some not.
2. Attend church services…every Sunday. You need an Amish mediator to introduce you to the church.
3. Find a job where you will work with the Amish. This will help you understand their work ethic and get to know their culture better.
4. Learn German. They must learn to speak Pennsylvania Dutch, the language typically spoken in Amish households (Amish children learn Dutch as their first language; they don’t learn English until they go to school).
5. If a year later you still think you want to become Amish, there will be a time when you will be instructed in the ways of the Church. You will learn their ordinances.
6. Then the church will vote on whether or not to accept you. If the vote is positive, you become a full member of the Amish Church and, finally, you are Amish. Your old ways are gone forever.
Atlee emphasized that these steps toward acceptance were for the New Order, but felt the Old Order would likely be very similar. The Swartzentruber Amish, the most conservative, would likely have much stricter policies.
I asked Atlee how easy it was, and he said, “It’s not impossible, but we definitely have a different lifestyle than most people are used to.”
During Atlee’s lifetime, he knew about a dozen “Englishmen” who had chosen to become Amish.
“Most are men,” Atlee said. “They often meet an Amish woman they want to seriously date, so they decide to join the Amish church. Very seldom does a woman come in from the outside, but I know two English women who became Amish.”
Atlee told me about a young Englishman who decided to become Amish after meeting an Amish woman. They married and moved into an Amish community in Montana. After a few years, the man became an Amish minister.
“I think he might be the only Amish minister in the United States who was born English,” Atlee said.
I asked what the most difficult obstacle to moving from English to Amish was, and Atlee said it was the mode of transportation. After you’re used to jumping in a car (with heat and air conditioning) and driving anywhere, it’s a big adjustment to limit yourself to traveling at five to 10 miles an hour… rain, snow , heat and cold . And you don’t just fill up and drive, either. Taking care of a horse is much more labor intensive than taking care of a car. If you want, you can leave your car for several days, but you have to take care of your horse every day. It takes a lot of getting used to.
Some New Order Amish now have phones, but learning to live without technology is another stumbling block for many. No radio, no TV, no internet, no stereo, no iPod, no ESPN.
Becoming truly Amish can bite off more than most “English people” can chew.
going amish? An Amish author replied in Small Farm Journal a few years ago:
“When you admire our faith, you strengthen yours. If you admire our commitment, deepen yours. If you admire our community spirit, build your own. If you admire the simple life, reduce yourself. If you admire deep character and enduring values, live them yourself.”
If you want to change your life, whether by adapting some Amish habits to your own or by completely abandoning your current lifestyle and becoming Amish, the choice is yours.
Whatever you decide, be completely honest with yourself and let your heart guide you.
Do Amish have guns?
“A lot of the Amish hunt and they usually use squirrel or rabbit rifles to bring some food back home,” Douglas County Sheriff Charlie McGrew said after a change in Illinois state law required Amish to have photo ID to buy guns in 2011.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Recently, Americans have disputed both their right to bear arms and whether the free exercise of religion allows corporations and state officials to seek exceptions to requirements that conflict with their religious beliefs. However, it is not everyday that the two issues of guns and religion come together in a single case. WP Get the full experience. Choose your plan that photo ID would go against his religious beliefs.
Andrew Hertzler is a Lancaster County, Pa. native, according to the lawsuit, and is an “active and practicing” member of the community; his “parents, grandparents and siblings are all active and practicing Amish”; and he “has a sincere religious belief that prevents him from knowingly and willingly taking and storing a photograph.”
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“Amish beliefs prohibit a person from having their photograph taken,” the suit reads. “This belief comes from the Scripture Exodus 20:4 which prescribes, ‘You shall not make for yourself a graven image or likeness of anything that is in heaven above or in the earth beneath or in the water under the earth’ as well as the Christian Believe in humility.”
But Hertzler’s humility caused a problem when he tried to buy a gun from a Pennsylvania dealer “using a state-issued ID with no photo” in June. According to the dealer, that wasn’t enough – Hertzler was told he needed photo ID.
So Hertzler brought it up with his senator. Unfortunately, although Sen. Pat Toomey (R) forwarded Hertzler’s response to the ATF, he was unable to help his constituent.
“As the attached response [from the ATF] states, federal firearms laws require photo identification when purchasing a firearm,” Toomey wrote. “There are no exceptions to this federal requirement.”
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Hertzler got caught in a Catch-22: To enjoy his Second Amendment rights, he would have to violate his faith—or vice versa. It couldn’t stand.
“Mr. Hertzler confronts Hobson’s choice: either waive his constitutional right to own and bear arms in defense of himself and his home, or violate his religion,” the lawsuit reads. However, “The exercise of a constitutional right shall not be contingent upon the breach or waiver of any other.”
“By knowingly and willingly sitting for a photograph, even for a government-issued identification document, Mr. Hertzler would violate his religion by taking a carved image of himself,” the lawsuit said. “As a result, Mr. Hertzler’s freedom of religion has been severely strained – in order to exercise his fundamental right to own a firearm in defense of himself and his home, the government is requiring him to violate an important tenet of his sincere religious belief.”
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That outcome, Hertzler argued, was what Congress was trying to avoid by passing RFRA in 1993, the Indiana standoff, the dust in the Colorado bakery, and other confrontations between people of faith who refuse to provide services to same-sex couples.
The Amish have campaigned for religious exceptions for decades, losing some cases and winning some, notably a landmark 1972 Supreme Court ruling that allowed them exemptions from compulsory education laws on religious grounds. Whether Hertzler can prevail in his case depends on whether a judge finds that his right to practice his religion outweighs the government’s interest in requiring photo ID to issue gun licenses.
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While the Supreme Court has not ruled on religious exceptions to photo ID for purposes such as driver’s licenses and voter IDs, lower courts have generally been “willing to recognize photo ID as a compelling purpose” that outweighs religious claims, provided the investigation of the matter, according to a Congressional Research Service Obligation to take photographs is “applied uniformly and without exception”.
Unlike other recent cases, Hertzler did not attempt to marry another man — a right the Supreme Court ruled on just last summer. He was attempting to exercise a centuries-old constitutional right. And the way forward is not clear.
“At a time when there has been so much clamor about ‘doing something’ against guns – and ‘doing something’ always comes with more restrictions – if the courts agree with Hertzler, there will ultimately be fewer restrictions,” wrote columnist Gil Smart at Lancaster-Online. “Although I don’t think we need to worry too much about the Amish and gun crime — unless they might be the victims.”
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Hertzler isn’t the only Amish man looking to pack heat, as evidenced by stories of Amish in several states concerned about photo IDs and their gun rights.
“A majority of the Amish hunt, and they typically use squirrel guns or rabbit guns to bring home some food,” Douglas County Sheriff Charlie McGrew said after a 2011 Illinois state law change required Amish to carry one Must have photo ID to purchase guns. “Their big concern is that they won’t be able to buy guns or ammunition through this.”
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Can Amish drink alcohol?
New Order Amish prohibit alcohol and tobacco use (seen in some Old Order groups), an important factor in the original division.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The New Order Amish are a sub-group of Amish who split from the Old Order Amish in the 1960s for a variety of reasons, including a desire for “clean” youth advertising standards, meaning they do not condone the practice of bundling or not- lying in bed together sexually during courtship. Tobacco and alcohol are also not allowed.[1] They also wanted to incorporate more evangelical elements into the church, including Sunday school and missionary work. Despite the name, some scholars best see the group as a subgroup of the Old Order Amish.
history [edit]
The New Order Amish originated in two major regions: Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and Holmes/Wayne County, Ohio. Waldrep quotes a New Order Amish man:
In Lancaster County, the New Orders wanted a lot more new stuff, but they also wanted to be a little more spiritual. In Holmes County, the New Orders wanted to be a lot more spiritual, but they also wanted a little more stuff.
Although, in Waldrep’s opinion, this “seems like a simplistic reading”, he states that “ultimately the characterization seems accurate”.[2]
In 1966, about a hundred Amish Old Order families in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, broke away over differences over the use of modern machinery. The Lancaster Amish collective ministry banned the use of these machines, but in many districts the Amish had adapted to the technology. Because of this, the ministry had difficulty enforcing this ruling. In 1964, bishops banned four districts from communion for failing to implement the larger group’s technology standards. By February 6, 1966, thirty Amish families met under threat of excommunication at Christian F. Flick’s home.[3] There they organized a separate service where they received communion from a Liberal Amish church in Newton, Ontario. By April 1966, 65 families had joined the Flick group. In the fall of 1967 there were three defector counties in Lancaster County. About a hundred families were divided into three districts, one in Honey Brook and two in Gap.[4]
At about the same time, a separate movement developed in Ohio. In the early 1960s, conflict began in the Troyer Valley District with the New Order Amish movement in Ohio. At that time, only ministers and older Amish members were allowed to greet each other with a kiss. This angered the younger parishioners as they also wanted to practice the “Holy Kiss”. A ministerial committee could not find a solution. In 1966, the Bishop of Troyer Valley asked Rev. Levi R. Troyer to stop kissing the younger brothers in greeting. He refused and was sent back from Communion. Much like the Lancaster group, the Troyers then left their church and home to find a more suitable church. From 1969 to 1971, about a dozen Holmes County districts joined the Troyers, led by Bishop Roy L. Schlabach, for similar reasons.
Holmes County New Orders represented “a strong desire to maintain the Amish way; to remain Amish but to promote greater spiritual awareness and eliminate questionable practices such as pooling, tobacco, etc.”[6]
way of life [edit]
Like Old Order groups, New Order Amish use horse and carriage, wear simple clothing, speak Pennsylvania German, and practice house worship. As with other Amish, technological restrictions include bans on the internet, television, and radio.
All New Order Amish districts still maintain traditional Amish dress, although there is a trend among men for narrower brimmed hats and trimmed beards. As for the New Order women, they usually have lighter colors all over. Pennsylvania German survives for the most part, but there is a bias towards the English language.
New Order Amish may be more lenient in the practice of avoidance and may be more permissive of photography than Lower Order groups. They were also known for introducing lighter colored fabrics.[7] New Order Amish prohibit the use of alcohol and tobacco (seen in some Old Order groups), an important factor in the original division.
Unlike the Old Order, the New Order actively suppresses the use of tobacco and alcohol and does not allow bed courtship (bundling), which was an important factor in the original division. They eventually allowed milkers, balers, propane gas, and pneumatic tires. The Lancaster County New Order Amish were different, but they eventually allowed electricity, leading to the split into two New Order Amish groups, electric and non-electric. The Holmes County New Orders allowed men to trim their beards and the hair over their ears. Some New Order Amish allow phone lines inside the home.
The New Order worship patterns are essentially the same as the Old Order.
The New Order Tobe share an unusual mix of progressive and conservative traits. They are advanced in technology but conservative in spirituality and dress. Unlike other New Order Amish groups, they have a relatively high retention rate of their young people that is comparable to the Old Order Amish’s retention rate.[10]
Affiliations [ edit ]
There are four distinct affiliations referred to as “New Order”:
Non-Electric New Order (35 church districts in 2011), the most conservative of the New Orders
Electric New Order (17 church districts in 2011), more progressive than the Non-electric New Orders
New Order Tobe (5 church districts in 2011), advanced in technology but conservative in spirituality
New Order Fellowship (4 districts in 2011), the most advanced of the New Orders
In Lancaster County in particular, there is a strong trend among New Orders to join more progressive churches. In 1994 Lancaster County had two New Order districts with about 60 households, but by 2004 there was only one district with 21 households and almost no youth.[11]
Members and congregations[ edit ]
Counting all New Order Amish groups, there were 3,961 baptized members in 70 congregations in 2000 for a total population of approximately 8,912 people.[12]
In 2008-09 there were approximately 3,500 baptized members in 58 New Order Amish congregations, while at the same time the New Order Amish Fellowship had 400 baptized members in 7 congregations.[13]
In 2011 there were 35 non-electric New Order districts and 17 electric, while Tobe New Order had 5 and the New Order Fellowship had 4 church districts.[14] Statistics show that New Order Amish tend to keep a smaller percentage of their children in the faith, about 50 to 65 percent according to the group, while Old Order Amish keep 80 to 95 percent.[15] The exception is the New Order Tobe Amish, with a resignation rate of just 19.6 percent.[16]
New Order Amish communities exist in about a dozen states, including Ohio, Pennsylvania and Indiana, Wisconsin, Michigan, Missouri, New York, Kentucky, Iowa, Illinois, Minnesota, and several others.[17] Their largest population is in the settlement of Holmes County, Ohio.
Similar Groups [ edit ]
There are groups of Amish who are considered “old order” and allow for more technology than some New Order Amish groups. According to G.C. Waldrep, the Michigan-related Amish churches, share many spiritual and material similarities with the New Orders, while still technically being considered part of the larger Old Order group.[18] The Groffdale Conference Mennonite Church, the largest Old Order Mennonite group, allows about the same level of technology as New Order Amish groups, while there are technologically very conservative Old Order Mennonite groups, such as the Noah Hoover Mennonites, who are just as restrictive on technology like the Swartzentruber Amish.
Affiliation Tractor for field work Rotary tiller Motor lawn mower Propane milk tank Milking machine Mechanical refrigerator Gathering balers Indoor flush toilet Bathtub with running water Belt drive tractor Pneumatic tools Chainsaw High pressure lamps Motorized washing machines Utilization percentage
of all Amish 6 20 25 30 35 35 40 50 70 70 70 70 75 90 97 Swartzentruber No No No No No No No No No No Some No No Yes Andy Weaver/Dan No No No No* No No No No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Lancaster No No Some Yes No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Nappanee, Indiana Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes New Order Non Electric No Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Kalona, Iowa Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes
[19] * Natural gas allowedReferences[edit]
literature [edit]
Can Amish marry outsiders?
Marriage in the Amish community is seen as a passage into adulthood. To get married in the Amish community, members must be baptized in the church. Outsiders, non-Amish, or ‘English’, as they call the rest of the world, are not permitted to marry within the Amish community.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Weddings are special celebrations within the Amish community. In this post, we will learn more about Amish weddings and you can test your knowledge of Amish wedding traditions.
Marriage in the Amish community is viewed as a transition into adulthood. To get married in the Amish community, members must be baptized in the church. Outsiders, non-Amish, or “Englishmen” as they call the rest of the world, are not allowed to marry within the Amish community.
True or false: Amish marriages are arranged.
NOT CORRECT! Members are free to choose their partner within the community.
In Lancaster County, wedding season begins in late October and lasts until around mid-March. They follow this strict schedule based on harvest time. Since there is little to no farm work from October to March, they use the free time to celebrate weddings. Weddings take place on Tuesdays and Thursdays. These special days of the week were chosen because the table trolleys are available. These bank cars are also used for church celebrations and are therefore not available at the end of the week.
Left: Bank car for church celebrations and weddings.
Right: A temporary “wedding house” built for all wedding guests.
True or false: Amish weddings last all day.
RIGHT! You can plan to be at an Amish wedding from 8:00 am until well after dark.
Weddings take place in the home of the bride’s family and around 400-600 people are invited to each wedding. Due to the large list of invited guests, a temporary “wedding house” will be built to accommodate everyone. Bank trolleys will also make an appearance at a wedding. In these gray wagons are long wooden benches, china and cutlery. The benches serve as seating for hundreds of wedding guests. Porcelain and cutlery are used during the two meals served at the wedding.
Amish young adults play volleyball games for hours after dinner.
True or false: English people are not invited to Amish weddings.
NOT CORRECT! An Amish wedding consists of two parts, the service and the wedding ceremony. English friends are invited to the ceremony, not the service. Religious ceremonies are for church members only.
Traditionally, a bride wears a long-sleeved blue or purple dress along with a white apron. Today, not all brides follow this tradition and choose any color for their long-sleeved wedding dress.
This season we saw many brides dressed in gray and maroon. Her husband-to-be will be wearing his Sunday outfit – black pants, a nice white shirt and his black hat. The wedding party consists of only two to three couples. The wedding party is dressed in their Sunday best, white aprons for the women and white shirts for the men.
A necessary sign to help the 500 guests find their way around the wedding.
True or false: Amish women are buried in their white wedding aprons.
TRUE! After her marriage, the white cloak and apron used at the ceremony are kept in a safe place until her burial.
There’s no first dance, kiss at the altar, or photographers at Amish weddings. But there is a lot of good food! The Amish wedding dinner consists of creamed celery, stuffing, mashed potatoes, chicken and gravy. The dessert cannot be missing; A whole range of cakes, donuts and sweet treats are made by the dozen. Wedding guests eat in shifts, about 200 people at a time. The bride, groom and their families eat first.
If you look closely you can see the bride dressed in white standing with her wedding party.
True or false, the Amish don’t take vows.
NOT CORRECT! The bride and groom take two vows* at the wedding ceremony.
Vow 1: “You promise…this is that should he/she be afflicted by physical weakness, illness or any other circumstance, you will take care of him/her as if it were a Christian husband/wife ?
Vow 2: “Do you solemnly promise one another that you will love one another and endure and be patient and not part one another until the good Lord separates you in death?”
* Vows from page 234 of Donald Kraybill’s book The Amish.
Last winter, the Amish neighbors had a wedding at their farmhouse. So many buggies!
Wrap up
How many questions did you answer correctly? We hope you’ve enjoyed learning a little more about Amish weddings in Lancaster County. If you want to learn more about where the Amish live in Lancaster, read our post Where Do the Amish Live in Lancaster County?
If you enjoyed learning about Amish weddings, The Amish Farm and House offers many additional learning opportunities! At The Amish Farm and House we offer many tour options. The tours are fun for the whole family and help you learn about Amish life. Check out our tour options today and contact us for more information.
What do the Amish do for fun?
They enjoy board games, such as Scrabble, Life on the Farm, and Monopoly or card games, like Uno. However, there is never any gambling involved! Sports games are also enjoyed by all ages, but they are not played competitively. Amish do not support the idea of competition and pride, but rather community and teamwork.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
What do the Amish do for fun?
Many people think that an Amish lifestyle is all work and no play. That’s not entirely true though – the Amish believe in hard work and good rest! Once all their daily chores are done, there is time to relax and enjoy some leisure activities. Compared to most Americans, who like to get out of the house to shop, go to a party, or to the movies, the Amish tend to enjoy activities around their home and farm with their families or neighbors.
Without TVs, music, cars, or iPhones, you might be wondering what the Amish do when they have free time. In this blog, we discuss some of the most popular hobbies and activities that Amish children and adults enjoy.
quilting
One of the most popular hobbies of Amish women is quilting. In fact, many grandmothers, mothers, and daughters love spending time together and practicing their craft. This activity also gives Amish women a sense of community by participating in Quilting Circles – a group of 20-30 women who quilt together.
Amish quilts are beautiful works of art, but the artists remain humble to avoid any association with pride. For the Amish, art is considered wasteful, so anything artistic has functional value rather than mere aesthetic pleasure. Because quilts can be used for a specific purpose, they are considered a sanctioned conduit for creativity. Many quilts are considered family heirlooms and are passed down through generations. Quilts are often made as a means of income for a family, but can also be made as gifts for weddings and births.
For more information on the popular hobby of quilting, visit this blog.
canned goods
Amish families are preparing for seasons when their garden will no longer produce food through canning — a process that involves sealing food in jars to store it for future use. To most Americans, this sounds more like work than a hobby—but the Amish really enjoy the task! They take pride in their crops and enjoy the process of extending the life of their crops throughout the year.
Some of the most popular items canned by the Amish include salsa, soup, fruits, vegetables, and even some meat. A popular canned product for the Amish is chow chow—the perfect way to preserve bounty from a garden that can be eaten as a side dish, condiment, or straight from the jar. Would you like to try? Here’s a recipe that you can make yourself or buy at our Smokehouse Market!
games
On a rainy evening, Amish can often be found indoors playing as a family. They like board games like Scrabble, Life on the Farm and Monopoly or card games like Uno. However, there is never a gamble involved!
Sports games are also enjoyed by all age groups but they are not played competitively. Amish do not support the idea of competition and pride, but rather community and teamwork. Therefore, team sports such as softball, volleyball and basketball are often played.
outdoor activities
The Amish have a true appreciation for the outdoors, so they particularly love outdoor activities like fishing and hunting, which can also provide sustenance for families.
Bird watching is another popular activity that the whole family takes part in. In fact, some Amish “splurge” on various optical devices such as spotting scopes, binoculars, and telescopes for this hobby. They have even been known to keep journals of the various birds they have seen or heard on their forays.
Connect with others
Because the Amish care deeply about their community and honor God by respecting others, they spend much of their free time connecting with others. The Amish often visit relatives, neighbors, church friends, and even non-Amish friends. To keep in touch with friends and family who don’t live nearby, the Amish spend much of their time writing letters, giving family updates, sharing farming advice, sharing recipes, etc. This hobby starts early, as many Amish children have a pen friends in neighboring communities.
Still interested in learning about Amish culture and seeing firsthand how they live? Check out our different tour options and plan a trip to the Amish Village – we’d love to show you more!
Can Amish look in mirrors?
The Amish Use Mirrors
The use of a mirror is allowed because unlike a picture, it is not a graven image. Women use mirrors to do their hair and men use mirrors to shave. If you take our guided farmhouse tour, you’ll spot a few mirrors in the house.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
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What are the Amish rules in the bedroom?
While lying in bed, the couple are encouraged to speak to each other all night to become emotionally closer. While some Amish still practice bundling, the tradition originally stems from the Old Testament, and was mentioned in the Book of Ruth as a common Jewish practice.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Do Amish people have Social Security numbers?
The Amish have a religious exemption from the Social Security system. They get Social Security numbers when they join the church, then file exemption forms, Mast said.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
The numbers are used to locate parents who are overdue on court-ordered child support payments.
The state Department of Natural Resources recently seized the licensing terminal of a Cashton company that officials said entered false Social Security numbers so Amish teenagers could obtain licenses.
In response, Amish Bishop Harvey M. Miller wrote to the DNR on Aug. 20 that members of the Cashton Amish community in Monroe County would stop hunting.
“We have no intention of using Social Security numbers for licensing,” Miller wrote. “Our community has agreed not to hunt to those standards.”
Freeman Mast, an Amish window maker near Loganville, said he usually hunted turkey and deer with his two eldest sons near their farm in Sauk County, but no more.
The Amish have a religious exemption from the Social Security system. They are given social security numbers when they join the church and then submit exemption forms, Mast said.
Belonging to an Anabaptist religion that believes in adult baptism, their children are not considered members of the Church until they accept the faith as adults, usually between the ages of 16 and 22.
So Amish children are not given Social Security numbers until they are old enough to become church members.
Under Wisconsin law, children are required to have a hunting license by age 12 and a fishing license by age 16.
“We’re trying to be legal,” Mast said. “We only knew about this a few days before turkey season when my son couldn’t get a license.”
Compulsory social security came into effect in March, just in time for the turkey hunting season.
Many hunters declined to disclose their social security numbers. Protesters included a man who blocked traffic in La Crosse by sitting on a bridge on the Mississippi River with an American flag.
The government is threatening to withhold $318 million in federal funding for Wisconsin families in need if the state doesn’t collect the numbers.
“I think there’s a lot of sympathy on this matter,” said acting DNR licensing director Diane Brookbank in Madison, “but to my knowledge an exemption would need to be issued by the federal government.”
“For the sake of my sons, I would like to get licenses,” said Mast. “It just hurts. That’s the only way to explain it.”
“It’s a problem and I don’t know what to do about it,” said Rep. DuWayne Johnsrud, R-Eastman, who represents the Cashton area.
John Buss, a Sauk County game warden who teaches hunter safety classes at an Amish school, said the law affects his students.
“I understand the problem of lazy fathers,” said Buss, “but the bottom line for me is that if a boy or girl wants to hunt, they should have the opportunity to do so.”
Fred Hundt, owner of the Cashton store where the DNR seized licensed equipment, said the Amish were being harassed.
“The whole reason is because fathers and [Amish] don’t have this problem in their group,” Hundt said. “The Amish mind their own.”
Hundt said he called a helpline number for dealers who sell licenses and was told it was okay to use Amish teens’ birth dates instead of a Social Security number.
What are the Amish not allowed to do?
They are known for their strict rules involving dress. Old Order Amish communities often prohibit the use of buttons and zippers, for example. They also wear dark colors, mostly black. The communities regulate hair length, men must grow beards an acceptable length, and women are not allowed to get haircuts.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Photo by Doyle Yoder
The Amish are a loosely affiliated network of conservative Anabaptist communities that originated in Switzerland. They split off from the Mennonites in Switzerland between 1693 and 1697. They are supporters of Jakob Ammann, who led the split because he favored stricter practices of excommunication and more conservative dress. The Mennonites and Amish still share basic Anabaptist values, such as opposition to both war and infant baptism. Amish communities are easily recognized by their horse-drawn carriages and 17th-century clothing. Amish women are required to wear cape dresses and headgear in public.
There is some division between various Amish groups, centered primarily around disputes over evangelism and cultural assimilation. Here is some information about the four main Amish religious orders.
Old Order Amish – The Old Order Amish form the largest group of rural Amish settlements descended from the Amish Mennonites. They are known for their strict dress codes. Old Order Amish communities, for example, often prohibit the use of buttons and zippers. They also wear dark colors, mostly black. Communities regulate hair length, men are required to grow beards to an acceptable length, and women are not allowed to have their hair cut. Old Order Amish people also dislike church buildings, preferring to meet in single homes. This reflects their caution towards organized religion in general; They consider their house meetings to be more organic and unregulated. They also consciously do without modern technologies such as cars, electricity and tractors.
New Order Amish – The New Order Amish, sometimes called the Amish Brotherhood or New Amish, are Amish settlements that emerged from the Old Order Amish communities in the mid-20th century. They are similar to the Old Order Amish, with slightly looser rules on dress and technology. Colorful clothing is allowed, and men are allowed to trim beards. The communities allow some modern technologies, like telephones, tractors and even air travel. They are also more evangelical than the Old Order Amish, promoting birth-again experiences among young people and sending missionaries to non-Amish communities. They are stricter than the Old Order Amish when it comes to some practices, such as prohibiting alcohol and tobacco.
Beachy Amish – The Beachy Amish broke away from the Amish Old Order around the turn of the 20th century, primarily due to disputes over evangelicalism in the United States. They admired the revivalism of many churches in the country, such as the Baptists and Methodists, and believed in its messages of individual salvation. The Beachy Amish began holding their own tent revivals, a practice strongly opposed by the larger Old Order Amish. When it comes to technology and clothing, the group is more relaxed than other Amish communities because they find no biblical references forbidding the use of buttons, zippers, and some other basic innovations. They also enable cars and electricity at home.
Swartzentruber Amish – The Swartzentruber Amish are a subgroup of the Old Order Amish known for being even stricter than most Old Order Amish and for having a lower standard of living. They are quicker to excommunicate and even more isolated from all non-Amish people. Their dress standards are stricter, and members are not even allowed to drive in cars owned by non-Amish people, except in some emergencies. Their parochial schools are less rigorous than the standard eight-grade education offered in Old Order Amish schoolhouses. The Swartzentruber Amish see themselves as the true heirs of the Anabaptist Amish tradition.
How do Amish make money?
Many are experienced tradesmen and their quality wares are in demand. Many of the Amish who choose not to farm go into skilled trades like furniture building, construction, and metal parts manufacturing, Wesner said. These products are often sold to those outside the Amish community.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
But there’s one thing you might not realize: the Amish are great with money. In fact, they’re much better at managing their money than the rest of us.
“Some Amish are quite successful and have a lot of success in business,” Erik Wesner, founder of AmishAmerica.com, told us. “An Amish millionaire is not uncommon.”
We asked Wesner, along with Lorilee Craker, author of Money Secrets of the Amish, to tell us how the Amish have mastered their money.
1. Amish values are experienced beyond material goods.
The Amish make sure they buy things that are built to last and don’t often buy something in-store because of a splashy marketing campaign, Craker said.
“You always have the big picture and the long-term in mind,” she said.
That doesn’t mean they don’t spend money on fun. Many Amish like to go on hunting trips, for example, Wesner said. But for the most part, they spend their money on value-based purchases.
2. They are big savers and often set aside up to 20% of their income.
In contrast, the average American saves only about 6% of their income.
Craker met a man who had managed to hoard $400,000 in the bank in 20 years while renting a farm and raising a family of 14 children. He planned to use his savings for a down payment on a farm and to buy his children a trampoline in the summer.
Another man told Craker he was content waking up a little richer every morning because he was earning interest on savings instead of debt.
3. They loathe debt and try to avoid credit cards.
Although there are some members of less traditional Amish communities who use credit cards, many are “absolutely phobic” about debt, Craker said.
“They’re literally appalled by this,” Craker said. “If you and I are up at night thinking, ‘Oh my god, I have so much debt,’ we sleep very peacefully.”
On the other hand, the average American carries three to four credit cards with an average total debt of $16,000.
4. Instead of turning to credit, they’d rather take a part-time job when money is tight.
Craker said the Amish would do anything to make ends meet and were a very resourceful bunch.
For example, a construction worker who lost his job during the recession might have learned how to build gazebos instead. Or a woman gathers flowers from her garden and sells them at a farmer’s market to make a few extra bucks when her family is running low at the end of the month.
That kind of logic isn’t that easy for everyone. The number of indebted US households has fallen since 2000, but the median debt per household has increased.
“Your default is not debt,” Craker said. “Their default setting is: ‘Make it work.'”
William Thomas Cain / Getty Images 5. And when they take out a loan or owe money, they see it as a moral obligation to pay it back on time.
Craker said Amish “freak out” before failing to pay a debt on time.
“The Amish are an extremely good risk,” Craker said. “I think bankers look at them and weep with joy because it’s so safe.”
That means bankers are happy to lend them money when they need it — often when they need money to buy farmland. Bankers also base Amish lending more on personal factors, as if a person’s parents were good borrowers, rather than a long credit history, she said.
Nationwide, on the other hand, there are more defaults. Although average US household debt has declined in recent years, defaults — particularly on student loans — have increased.
6. Many are skilled craftsmen and their quality goods are in demand.
Many of the Amish who choose not to farm go into skilled trades such as furniture making, construction, and fabricating metal parts, Wesner said. These products are often sold to people outside the Amish community.
The Amish are not recession-proof, and the recent economic downturn has hurt many of those who work off the farm. However, Wesner said that Amish businesses benefit from an “innate brand” because people appreciate the quality that comes with Amish products. And according to HEUTE, these craftsmen are in demand because crafts are among the most difficult jobs nationwide.
“I’m not waiting to paint them all as perfect — people have had complaints and bad experiences,” Wesner said. “But yeah, they’re doing a good job and it kind of feeds on itself.”
7. They are extremely savvy small business owners with a 95% success rate.
Wesner wrote a book about Amish small businesses and found that they had a 95% survival rate over the past five years. For comparison, the five-year survival rate of all small businesses in the US is about 50%.
Wesner said a key factor in the success of Amish business owners is an emphasis on ethics on a smaller scale and a willingness to work with the average employee. When you build positive relationships like these at work, your business is likely to be more profitable, he said.
“Often the owner isn’t out bossing everyone around — he works there,” Wesner said. “I think it builds credibility and they appreciate that.”
Spencer Platt/Getty Images 8. They rarely waste and take recycling to “incredible levels.”
Once clothes can no longer be worn or passed on, many Amish cut them into strips for quilts or patchwork quilts, Craker said.
Another example of ingenuity: Craker spoke to an Amish woman who was baking 15 cakes for a Sunday service. The woman had bought large quantities of apple butter for the desserts. After that, she cut off the tops and bottoms and used them in her garden to protect young tomato seedlings from the elements.
This kind of frugality is key to driving today’s increasing emphasis on saving money through “going green.”
“(You think) how can I get a second or third use out of something?” said Craker.
9. They buy in bulk whenever possible.
Since the typical Amish household has six to eight children to support, they have mastered the art of bulk shopping.
Wesner shared a profile of an Amish grocery store in rural New York on his blog. The store carries 50-pound bags of oats, 400-pound bags of flour, and 200-pound bags of sugar.
“Jasper is rural in Steuben County and most English and Amish people live on little and have to make the best of what they have,” he said.
Buying groceries in large quantities is not always easy for city dwellers with little space. But the average US family can save about $25 a month by buying groceries in bulk.
10. They never pay at retail and often buy second-hand.
Because families often have so many children, Craker said shopping at thrift stores and flea markets is a common trend for the Amish.
“There’s something I call frugal abundance, something the Amish have in abundance,” she said.
She met a woman who often shopped second-hand when her daughters got married to find affordable place settings to give the couple as wedding gifts. The Amish also often give homemade gifts, like baked goods, rather than buying them from a store, she said.
In the US, this is a trend that is catching on. Thrift stores have reported record sales since the recession as people look for bargain buys.
11. Those who have money channel their money back into the community.
Although farming is considered the best job for the Amish, it is not easy. Farmland is becoming increasingly expensive, and as families gradually divide the land among their children, the acreage is rapidly being divided up.
Some Amish have turned to smaller, intensive farming practices to combat this problem, Wesner said. But many Amish communities have low-interest loan programs to help young adults buy their own land and get into the business world, he added. Community members with money contribute to these funds and do not ask for large payouts in return.
“That’s what some people do with their money — it goes back into the community and makes cheap loans,” Wesner said.
William Thomas Cain / Getty Images 12. They eat like kings, but they grow most of their meals themselves.
Craker said that many Amish refer to themselves as “foodies,” which basically means Amish foodies. They eat often and appreciate a good meal.
Many, but not all, also employ traditional farming practices – meaning that food is organically grown on their farms and gardens. That’s become a profitable endeavor as organic fashion has taken hold across the country, Wesner said.
Though many of us can’t create a garden in the middle of our apartment, Craker recommends shopping for groceries at farmers’ markets and joining cow pools or community-supported farming stocks (often called CSAs) to join this Amish habit.
“They eat so extremely well,” Craker said. “Everyone has a garden.”
13. They avoid accepting government handouts and are exempt from paying social security contributions.
In 2006, Ohio officials found that food stamp attendance was abnormally low in some counties in the state. They eventually figured out why — the counties had high numbers of Amish who were unlikely to take advantage of the government-sponsored program.
The Amish’s refusal to hand out state handouts contrasts with the philosophy of many other struggling Americans. The use of food stamps hit a record in 2012, and although jobless claims are declining, the unemployment rate is still above 7%.
Some Amish accepted unemployment benefits during the recent recession. But Wesner said that in conservative communities, many Amish families with seven or eight children often live below the poverty line based on their income levels. And yet they don’t like turning to Uncle Sam.
“They’re still surviving, they’re still getting by,” he said.
What language do Amish speak?
Pennsylvania Dutch is the language used by the Amish population here in Lancaster County. It is considered to be their first and native language. The Amish learn to read, write and speak in English, allowing them to communicate with the ‘outside world’.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Since we have a little more time on our hands, we thought it would be fun to learn a few Pennsylvania Dutch words. Every day we publish a new PA Dutch Word of the Day! Scroll down to view our full list.
Pennsylvania Dutch is the language used by the Amish population here in Lancaster County. It is considered their first and mother tongue. The Amish learn to read, write and speak English so they can communicate with the “outside world”. This language is also spoken by Amish living throughout the United States and Canada. Even if each community speaks it differently, everyone understands each other.
Pennsylvania Dutch is a language you will mention on The Amish Farm and House. If you are interested in learning more about the Amish language and life, we offer many tour options. Fun for the whole family, these tours will help you learn about Amish life. Check out our tour options today.
Important: PA Dutch is a spoken language with very few grammar rules. We created this word list with the help of our Amish friends. We have tried our best to provide you with a phonetic spelling where possible.
Written on 5/2020
Today’s Word of the Day in PA Dutch:
“Ascension = Christ’s Ascension”
pronounced “hell-fault”
This holiday falls 40 days after Easter Sunday to commemorate Jesus’ physical ascension. While each Amish community celebrates this day differently, the Lancaster Amish take the day off to spend time with family. This holiday is considered a day off. To an Amish family, resting might seem like Amish women putting away the sewing machines and families fishing in the creek. Does your church celebrate the Ascension of Christ?
“Oschderoi” = Easter egg
Many Amish children paint Easter eggs and hold Easter egg hunts around the home. How much fun! Eggs are eaten at the Easter table today as they symbolize rebirth.
what do you eat for easter Happy Easter!
“Frieyaahr” = Spring
“Nau iss es Fieyaahr.”= It’s spring now.
Pronounce this word like “free-yawr”. In PA Dutch, the double a makes an “aw” sound. This is a compound word, “frie” means “early” and “yaahr” means “year”.
“Heemet” = home
Pronounce this word like “hay-met”.
We want to know where do you call home? Leave us a comment. Greetings to everyone from Lancaster, Pennsylvania, USA!
Delicious!
“Pannhaas” = scrap
Who would be happy about a big piece of scrapple now? For those who don’t know, Scrapple is a traditional PA Dutch food. It is made from leftover meat. Butchers started making scrapple to avoid food waste. Scrapple is served differently everywhere, but the favorite way to eat it is fried and with eggs for breakfast. How do you eat scrapple?
Fun fact: The direct translation of this word is “pan rabbit”. “Pann” = pan and “haas” = rabbit.
“Reggeboge” = rainbow
“Regge” = rain
“Boge” = bow
*Our PA Dutch words reflect the language spoken here in Lancaster, PA. We know that Amish/Mennonites in the US who speak PA Dutch often have different words and pronunciations. If you like, please comment below how you say this word + where you are from!*
“Norber” = neighbor
“He iss my Nochber” = He is my neighbor
Try pronouncing it like “na-bear.”
Many visitors think the Amish live alone in a remote town, but that’s not true. The Amish don’t live in a village! They live all over Lancaster County, side-by-side with non-Amish people. (or as they say “English”) We are blessed to have the Amish community as neighbors!
In these difficult times, please remember to love your neighbor.
“Muddershof” = ewe, a female sheep
To say this word, we recommend that you overpronounce “Mud” and end the word as if the “o” makes an “a” sound, i.e. “mud-der-shaf”. bonus word:
“Lamm” = lamb The “a” in this word is a long vowel. The arrival of spring in the Amish country brings lots of rain and newborn baby animals! We are currently on baby pick for lambs and baby goats. When we have newborns on the farm we will share the cuteness with you all!
“skirt” = dress
Amish girls and women wear dresses every day. Every Amish community has its own set of rules when it comes to dress, but one thing remains the same, their dress is plain and simple. In Lancaster, Amish women are required to wear a solid color long dress with no pattern or pattern. She is not allowed to wear jewelry or make-up. Her hair must always be tied up and covered with either a prayer cap or a bonnet.
If you live near an Amish community, how do women dress?
“Kie” = cows
“Geh grik die Kie” = “Go get the cows”
The word “kie” is pronounced like “key”. This is something you would hear a lot if you lived on a dairy farm in the Amish Country. Agriculture is so important in this area that many farmers have decided to save their farms from development and commercialization. Today, Lancaster County has the strongest farmland conservation program in the United States, with well over 1,000 farms preserved. 99% of all Lancaster farms are family owned!
“Gaarde” – garden
“My Maem works in the Gaarde.” – My mother works in the garden.
Try pronouncing “Gaarde” like “Gaw-dah” (heavy on the aw, tip from an Amish friend). Almost every Amish family has some type of garden, be it a vegetable garden or a flower garden. Vegetable gardens are often large because they have to feed the whole family! (And we all know that Amish families can be very large.) Surplus vegetables are either canned for next year or sold at street stands. In the summer months it is also common to come across street stalls selling bouquets of flowers. We can’t wait for fresh vegetables and flowers.
“Scooter” = scooter
“shtor” = business
“I go to the Schtor with my scooter.” = I go shopping with my scooter. How many have you seen Amish kids riding scooters in Lancaster? Children ride their scooters to school and visit their friends. Many children in Lancaster use scooters because bicycles are “too worldly”. Parents also find that a bicycle would take their children too far from home! Our farm museum is the only place in Lancaster where you can ride an Amish scooter. Next time you’re in Lancaster, stop by for a spin!
“flower” = flowers
“I like a flower”. = I like flowers
If you drive through the Amish countryside during the spring and summer months, you’re sure to find flowers. Amish families always have vegetable gardens and they are often lined with flowers. It is very common to see large flower beds on their houses and around the barns. Many visitors are amazed to see how clean and tidy the Amish keep their yards.
“Gwilts” = quilts
In PA Dutch the “w” makes a “v” sound. When you pronounce this word, make sure it contains a lot of “v”! (Advice from our Amish friend)
As most of you know, Amish women are the best at quilting! Hand quilting has been a tradition in the Amish community since the 1880s. Quilting is an important part of Amish women’s social and family life. It is common for Amish women to gather in a large circle after church and quilt together. These handmade quilts are most often given away, while others are sold in gift shops across the country. Quilts are also auctioned at mud sales each year to raise money for local fire departments. We have a large selection of handmade Amish quilts in our online store. Look at her!
“Gmee” = church
Heit iss die Gmee = “Today is church”
The Amish in Lancaster hold services every other Sunday. Church is not held in a church building, but in a member’s home. They use the Old and New Testaments in Standard German and the preachers preach in Pennsylvania Dutch. Church ceremonies usually last about 3 hours. On Sundays you see unmarried women in white aprons going to church and married women in black aprons. It is also common to see a young girl wearing a black bonnet in church to show that she is ready to date. (see image) The black crest tradition is followed by some communities in Lancaster, but not all.
“Shmit” = farrier
“Er iss en Shmit” = He is a blacksmith
This video features Elam, a local Amish farrier who specializes in horse hoof trimming. Elam combines both the skills of the blacksmith and the skills of the veterinarian to take care of horses’ hooves. A farrier has many responsibilities when it comes to hoof care. Elam does a lot of cleaning, trimming and balancing horses’ hooves. If necessary, he also removes and replaces shoes. In addition to working with the horses on our farm, Elam occasionally gives demonstrations of how to make horseshoes on our farm. You can watch a video from Elam here. PS Elam is also helping us with some of these PA Dutch words, thanks Elam! He is also a talented artist, he creates beautiful artworks from horseshoes. Check out his handicrafts in our online gift shop.
“Kivvel” = bucket
“I hab en Kivvel” = I have a bucket.
Learn more: The image below shows a sign at the end of an Amishman’s driveway. The family who live here make wooden buckets to make a living. Many people believe that all Amish are farmers, but due to the decline of the farming industry, many Amish have turned to non-farm jobs. Only about 25% of the Amish in Lancaster are farmers. You may find Amish men working in construction, crafts, and landscaping, while women work in retail, tourism, or restaurants. Many Amish even own small businesses, just like this little bucket shop!
“school” = school
School “book” = book
She reads her book to school.= She reads her book to school.
Additional Information: Amish children attend one-room schools in Lancaster County. The Amish have their own schools because they want their children to be raised in the way that makes them feel best. Students learn the basic subjects: reading, writing, arithmetic, history, geography, health and earth sciences. They also learn English at school. Formal education ends after the eighth grade and each young adult has an additional two years of vocational training. At The Amish Farm and House, you can visit our one-room Amish schoolhouse. It is the only one-room public school in Lancaster County.
“nag” = horse
= horse “Dachweggeli” = carriage
The “w” in PA Dutch is pronounced like a “v”.
“I have en Gaul un Dachweggeli” = I have a horse and carriage The “gg” in the middle of the word sounds like a “y” Learn more: The Amish use horses and carriages instead of driving cars. The buggies allow them to keep their family and community close. The Amish rejected the car because they felt cars were “too worldly.” Amish people are allowed to be passengers in cars, but they are not allowed to drive them. Amish buggies come in many different colors! You will be surprised how many colors buggies are available in.
“Bauwer” = farmer
“Mei Daett iss en Bauwer” = My father is a farmer
Remember that the “w” in PA Dutch produces a “v” sound.
Learn more: We have the richest non-irrigated soil in the world. Agriculture is our largest industry. Because agriculture is so important in this area, many farmers have chosen to protect their farms from development and commercialization. Today, Lancaster County has the strongest farmland conservation program in the United States, with well over 1,000 farms preserved. 99% of all Lancaster farms are family owned. Lancaster also has the largest number of organic farms in the state of Pennsylvania.
Can you join the Mennonites?
Attend a few church services, and get to know people in the congregation through dinners, service projects or other gatherings. Perhaps you are already familiar or friendly with a few Mennonites, hence your interest in joining a church; ask them how you can get more involved. Become baptized.
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Understand the beliefs and beliefs. Before fully committing yourself to any religion, you should understand its belief system and, more importantly, subscribe to it. Mennonite Church USA provides a description of the group’s creed, both full and condensed versions. Principles of the Mennonite faith include belief in God, Jesus Christ, and the Holy Spirit; that all Scriptures are inspired of God; that mankind disobeyed God and yielded to sin, but through Jesus Christ God offers salvation; and this ministry is a continuation of the work of Christ. Mennonites are also committed to fidelity in marriage, who are expected always to be truthful and to practice peace.
Test church and congregation. Because fellowship is such a big part of the Mennonite faith, you should not only share your faith, but also be willing and ready to become an active part of the church and fellowship. Attend some church services and get to know people in the church at dinners, service projects, or other gatherings. You may already be acquainted or friends with some Mennonites, hence your interest in joining a church; Ask them how you can get more involved.
Get baptized. Baptism is a public declaration of faith. The Mennonite Church baptizes adult adherents, although some churches baptize people when they are in their early teens. Mennonite baptisms are performed in water and traditionally take place in front of the congregation; that makes a statement. Depending on the church, you must make a written or oral personal statement of faith.
Can you join a community if your best years are behind you? – Ask Laura!
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Can you become Amish if you have tattoos?
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Table of Contents:
Can you become Amish if you have tattoos?
Has anyone converted to Amish?
Can an Amish marry an outsider?
Are Amish friendly to outsiders?
Can the Amish have multiple wives?
Why Amish Pull Their Teeth?
What do you call it when an Amish turns 18?
Can Amish have tattoos? (They are worldly, vain and forbidden by the Bible). However, someone who was born and left Amish could certainly do it. The Rare Amish Convert. … Johnson-Weiner and Steven Nolt and have stayed since 1950. One researcher estimates that there are between 150 and 200 converts living in Plain today, although not all will remain Amish in the long run. In order to get married in the Amish community, members must be baptized in the church. Outsiders, non-Amish, or “English people,” as they call the rest of the world, out of respect for their privacy, are best off avoiding approaching the Amish unless they appear open to companionship. … if they don’t feel like they are treated as animals at the zoo. Amish believe that large families are a blessing from God upon adulthood. These visits would occur because, overall, Amish may have more risks related to their dental health. Among the Amish simply refers to puberty. … Rumspringa-age youth typically live at home until they join the Church, then marry and move into their own homes. During Rumspringa, Amish youth enter a period of greater social activity.
Can an Outsider Ever Truly Become Amish?
Kelsey Osgood | Atlas Obscura | March 2016 | 28 minutes (7,014 words)
Our latest exclusive is a new story by Kelsey Osgood, co-sponsored by Longreads members and published by Atlas Obscura
Author’s note: “Alex” and “Rebecca” are not the real names of either person interviewed. They firmly believed that they should not be named out of respect for the common belief of their belief in the body over the individual.
The road, which runs through the capital city of Berlin, Ohio, just about 90 minutes south of Cleveland, is nicknamed the “Amish Country Byway” because of its unusually large number of non-car travelers, and it’s true that you have to brake for the horse-drawn carriages , clogging the right lane. But those looking for the “real” Amish experience in downtown Berlin might be disappointed. It’s more Disney than religious: a tourist playground filled with Amish substitute “Schnuck” (Pennsylvania Dutch for “cute”) shops selling woven baskets and postcards of idyllic farm scenes.
The only way to see the real Holmes County, home to the world’s largest Amish Mennonite population, is to veer off Route 62 and venture into the rolling green hills periodically punctuated by tiny towns with names like Charm and Big Prairie . You’ll likely lose service on your phone once the smell of manure begins to permeate the air. When I visited last summer, I saw Amish people — groups of children in round straw hats, the young women in their characteristic long dresses — streaming out in the distance from family barns where religious services are held. The Amish have no spiritual ties to a geographic location like the Jews have to Jerusalem or the Mormons to Salt Lake City; this place, along with Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, is probably where they come closest to an idea of God’s country.
Earlier this morning I was introduced to Alex Samuelson, a 31-year-old baby-faced member of the Beachy Amish Mennonite faith who, along with his wife Rebecca, would be my guide for the day. Alex suggested that he might be better equipped to drive, and he was right: gliding down the winding back roads, he gave me an orientation to the area that not even the all-knowing Siri could have provided (especially given the spotty service). Beachy Amish Mennonite, Alex is allowed to drive—the church is what Alex calls “car guy”—but abides by bans on television, popular music, and restrictions on the internet. (These prohibitions vary somewhat from community to community, although certain restrictions — such as no television viewing — are consistent throughout Beachy society.) Like all Mennonite and Amish groups, the Beachy Doctrine is firmly Anabaptist, meaning that they do not accept infant or child baptisms. They also believe in keeping themselves separate from the world, which is a motivation behind their modest clothing (although it’s worth noting that clothing styles also differ between communities).
I hooked up with the couple because they offer a glimpse into one of the rarest religious experiences in America: They’re established converts from an Amish Mennonite group. It’s not immediately apparent that they weren’t born into the culture. Alex and Rebecca look like your average Amish couple, to put it simply: Alex has the stereotypical facial hair of an Amish male (beard but no mustache, a ban dating back to the days when mustaches were a thing of the past with the military in were linked) and Rebecca wears an ankle-length cotton-poly dress, her hair in a neat bun under her white gauze hat. Alex is an expert on plain life because he’s adapted to it for years, but also because he has a PhD in rural sociology and thus spends much of his time studying his adopted culture or “thinking about plain people.” as he puts it. (He relaxes, I later learn, by tending to his many fish tanks.) Because of his work, he is used to asking others about their religious identification, which meant that the conversation while driving often turned to my conversion to turned away from orthodox Judaism. When the ball came back to my seat, I asked Alex how it felt when he first attended a Mennonite church at 18 after a year of nurturing a fascination with the culture. “It’s like walking into a room full of celebrities,” he said. “You’ve thought of these people for so long and they just feel so inaccessible and distant and simple, here you are! They’re all around you!”
Reverent, giddy, almost lecherous: that’s how you’d expect a young girl to talk about her favorite pop star, and yet it’s a tone I’ve come to expect from a certain group of people when invoking the Amish name. Before the Internet, these “desirable Amish” wrote emotional letters to newspaper editors in heavily populated areas of the Plains; A man I spoke to, who publishes a series of guidebooks for Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, wrote a form letter to minimize the time he spent responding to such inquiries. Now the longing Amish have their own Internet forums (ironically) where they write with the feverishness of the unrequited lover about their long-cherished desire to get close to the distant objects of their spiritual desire.
Many say they wanted to become Amish “as long as [they] can remember,” although most of them say they have seen Amish on only a few occasions and don’t know much, if anything, about Amish theology. Some speak of wanting to find an Amish partner, others of fear of not being accepted into the community because they are single parents, divorced, have tattoos, or have been involved with drugs. Many are hesitant about not being able to fully assimilate, and thus wonder if it would be possible to stay with an Amish family for a week or two just to try out the lifestyle. Although some commenters say they have taken the initiative to make their own lives easier – such as quitting television or starting to dress more modestly – most of them seem to be counting on community integration to change it , like alcoholics who choose to wait until they detox before investigating the underlying motivations behind their drinking.
The common thread running through all testimonies is dissatisfaction, sometimes almost disgust, with modern society. “In my view, the world as a whole is doomed,” writes a single mother of five on information site Amish America. One word is used over and over again to describe Amish life: “perfect.”
The wistful Amish will do what most obsessed people do today: do a lot of Googling and devour any article or list they can get their hands on. During this self-paced study, many will come across the website that Alex started in 2005 while attending college in his home state of Virginia. (He is currently employed as an associate professor of rural sociology at a local university.) Alex built his website to provide access to rare documents on Anabaptist history and culture that he discovered in his campus library (titles include “Amish Mennonite Barns in Madison County, Ohio: The Persistence of Traditional Form Elements and Caesar and the Avoidance.
“Then, out of the blue, I started getting requests from people interested in going to church, so after a while it was more about an informational website,” he says.
Amish conversion is extremely unusual, which makes sense: Who would want to be without modern conveniences for more than a week or so? For those who have made the leap, the lived experience of conversion differs greatly from the fantasies that move across websites every day; it is harder, crueler and slower than the hopefuls can imagine. Nor is it a static state – for most converts, the emergence of a perfect Amish self never actually occurs.
But we couldn’t get too deep into a conversion discussion because he started parking the car in the parking lot of the converted elementary school building where his church holds weekly services. We were late for church.
* * *
Born in 1984 in Loudon County, Virginia, a leafy area long popular with winemakers at the foot of Blue Mountain, Alex was raised in a nominally Christian family. His father owned his own exterior case repair business; The family lived on 10 acres in an old Victorian house and attended church at Christmas and Easter for a number of years but otherwise did not talk much about religion. His family, which included his younger sister, was mostly happy, despite being afflicted by what Alex calls “typical American plagues”: sibling rivalry, discord between his mother and father, his father drinking too much. Alex was particularly sensitive to the latter.
In the second grade, Alex began experiencing what he now calls “God’s early promptings,” although he didn’t see them that way then. He developed an instinctive dislike for designer clothes, especially shirts with loud logos on the chest. “I felt like it sold me to something else that I didn’t want to sell myself to,” he said, while comparing it to my unholy childhood longing for Adidas Sambas. His friends started swearing and exchanging “bad ideas” on the playground, and Alex gave it a try but then decided that swear words were clearly wrong, so he vowed to clean up his.
No voice from heaven begging him to recognize Jesus. Not spent 49 days under a fig tree contemplating the nature of meaning. No vision of God’s Kingdom as a country estate full of happy celibates. No, Alex’s awakening was gradual and inconsistent in those early days. In other words, he didn’t combine his dislike of swearing and Polo Ralph Lauren shirts with a budding religiosity, nor did he feel crippling guilt for abandoning his children’s Bible for his DOS video games. But his curiosity about religious life was so strong that Alex agreed when the bus driver offered to take their two children to his Southern Baptist Church one Sunday for his younger sister, who the girl had befriended. Alex’s sister lost interest after a few Sunday school classes, but Alex, then 13, was hooked. Every Sunday he grabbed one of the free donuts and then went to Sunday school. A year later he was baptized.
As a teenager he was involved in school drama, history club and Civil War re-enactments. Eventually, he took a job that took his love of costuming—a fundamental difference between the Amish and other Christians—to a new level. During the summer before his senior year of high school, he worked at Harpers Ferry National Park, a historic village at the confluence of the Potomac and Shenandoah Rivers. At Harpers Ferry, Alex donned period robes (he wore two costumes, one as an 1860s shopkeeper and the other as a Union private soldier) and gave tours to visiting groups, including conservative Mennonite families. “I started obsessing over her looks,” he recalls. “My friends would find out about it and tell me when Mennonites would show up, and I’d take a break, grab a root beer and find them and just kind of be around them.” When he tells me that, I remember feeling in similarly associated with Hasidim on the New York subway in my pre-conversion days, hoping that the sheer proximity would allow me to get some spiritual energy from them.
At about this time he was concurrently investigating the practices of the Baptist church to which he belonged, mainly because he felt that no one there could answer his questions about specific biblical mandates, or perhaps did not care enough to ask those questions themselves, what was worse. For example, he was particularly impressed by a passage in Corinthians that says a woman should have her head covered when she prays.
Any man who prays or prophesies with his head covered dishonours his head. But any woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head – it is the same as having her head shaved. Because if a woman doesn’t cover her head, she might as well get her hair cut; but if it is shameful for a woman to have her hair cut off or her head shaved, then she should cover her head.
Alex found the doctrine fairly clear and was unmoved when his pastor told him it was an antiquated convention. What was the point of believing something if you couldn’t actually do anything to show it? What became of the humility or the graces between the sexes to embody the values you espoused, also known in the simple terminology as “witness”? Such bids were valued south of Harper’s Ferry in Victorian and pre-Civil War times.
But who cared about these things at that time, in their world? Just the level.
Up until that summer at Harpers Ferry, Alex’s knowledge of the Amish, like any ’90s kid, came solely from the Weird Al Yankovic song “Amish Paradise” and from the few times his family drove past them on the way to the Drop when he did was a kid, he was at a summer camp in northern Pennsylvania. But after the Harpers Ferry summer, he started his senior year of high school with the Plain People on his mind. He bought Twenty Most Asked Questions About the Amish and Mennonites and “carried it around with him everywhere”; he occasionally wore button-down shirts and pants to school, and when other students asked him if he had some kind of presentation that day, he cheerfully replied, “No, I only dress Mennonite!” (His wife started late too in high school, she began sneaking out of her house in plain clothes, much to her parents’ chagrin. In college, she sewed her own clothes, based on pictures of Amish women in a book she checked out in the campus library.) There were no churches near Alex, but a friend of a friend lived in the hills outside of Charlottesville and told him there was a Mennonite Church near her childhood home. He woke up early one Sunday to drive a two-hour drive to a church near Free Union, Virginia (pop. 193) and attended his first Mennonite service.
* * *
Does love inevitably draw us further into our loved one’s orbit, or can affection thrive at a distance? Is it possible to admire something without ultimately wanting to imitate it or even become it? And if you try to be, can you ever really belong? Or do converts always feel a bit like anthropologists, knowing that when things get too tribal for their liking, they can dust off their old clothes and settle into their old lives?
These are the questions that arise when one hears the stories of religious conversions, especially when conversion requires a complete overhaul of one’s life. Many idolize the Amish world, but few actually infiltrate it. According to the 2013 book The Amish by scholars Donald Kraybill, Karen M. Johnson-Weiner, and Steven Nolt, only 75 people have joined and remained in an Amish church since 1950. One researcher estimates that there could be between 150 and 200 converts living Plain lives today, although not all will remain Amish in the long run.
In other words, it’s unlikely that the wistful Amish who blog posts about desperately wanting to go Plain will ever do much more, let alone seriously seek conversion.
Still, an intrepid bunch of spiritual seekers manage to bridge the gap. Among them are some “celebrities,” such as David Luthy, a Notre Dame graduate who was on his way to joining the priesthood when he decided to move to a settlement in Ontario and devote his life to documenting Amish history or Marlene Miller, Holmes County resident and author of the memoir Called to Be Amish: My Journey from Head Majorette to the Old Order, who married her husband while he was out of town. Miller, who has now been Amish for nearly 50 years, raised 10 children in the church but will still twirl a baton to amuse visitors. A convert’s success can be aided by the openness of the community he or she wishes to join, as some settlements, such as those in Unity, Maine, or Oakland, Maryland, the oldest settlement in that state, have traditionally been more hospitable to seekers living there can appear. Others, like the more established ones in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and Holmes, Wayne, and Guernsey Counties in Ohio, are less likely to accept outsiders.
For 14 years, Jan Edwards, now in her late 60s, living near Columbus did what many thought was impossible: she lived and worked as an outsider among the Swartzentruber Amish. While the Beachy Amish Mennonites believe in proselytizing, use certain technologies to their advantage, and are generally sympathetic to strangers, the Swartzentruber Amish tend to be more stereotypically xenophobic and anti-change. They are coldly suspicious of others, despise “loud” colors, are reluctant to speak English, and pride themselves on their cultural and genetic impenetrability. What is different between Jan and Alex – what was her “fault” if one is inclined to view her Amish life as actually a game she could “win” – is the element of belief, or, in Jan’s case, its absence.
Jan Edwards was living in her hometown of Akron with her husband and three young children when the 1968 race riots broke out. Martin Luther King Jr. had been assassinated, as had John and Bobby Kennedy; The nation was nervous and Akron was not spared. One night, someone threw a Molotov cocktail at the front window of Jan’s grandparents’ house, where they had lived for thirty years. They survived, but their grandfather’s leg was severely burned. Her grandparents never came back to collect her things. After that, Jan and her husband decided it was time to get out.
“We moved to the country. [It was] kind of exciting, like maybe we’re going on vacation or something.”
But life in Guernsey County, nearly 20 miles from the nearest store, wasn’t easy. Jan learned farming part-time while her husband still commuted to work far from the homestead. Despite his income, they struggled to make ends meet. The Amish lived nearby—the nearest house was four or five miles down the road—and Jan began dropping by to buy eggs or honey. Contrary to popular belief, she found her Swartzentruber neighbors very welcoming. “The Amish were extremely friendly. Probably because they were so famished — you know, like the old pioneers, they finally saw someone come up the stairs and yanked open the door. “Come in!” Even if it was a stranger, they just missed the people. They just wanted to talk to someone and exchange an idea or thought. A hello or something.«
She and her husband were fascinated – even envious – by the way the Amish seemed to rule rural life. Whenever Jan visited an Amish family’s home, she watched them closely: how they cooked their food, how they raised chickens, how they chop wood.
“You would watch everything that’s going on and take all that with you when you go home and try to see if you learned anything,” she said. “I guess we were kind of copycats.”
A few months after my trip to Holmes County, I met Jan on a cold Monday in October. Before my visit, she didn’t seem overly enthusiastic about my visit – “This is a very busy household,” she wrote in a letter – maybe , because she had told her story a few times, a few times in local papers and on the PBS TV series American Experience. But once I’m there, drinking her freshly brewed coffee and enjoying an out-of-this-world strawberry crumble, she seems to enjoy being asked some tough questions and, like Alex, can talk about the appeal of Amish life, without reducing it to a sober romance or, in her case, just to bitterness or naïve nostalgia.
Personally, Jan exudes a multitude of contradictory vibes: sprightly and world-weary, wise and undemanding, accommodating and reserved. Her house is dimly lit and adorned with the odd tchotchke; Some of her images of Amish life—equal parts charming and spooky, like much Art Brut—lean against the walls. She has a bevy of grandchildren and great-grandchildren who spend time with her and happily wreak havoc. But now she’s talking about her life with the Amish and sounds like she’s been to the war.
“I couldn’t do it again because maybe I was there too long. I’ve seen too much and heard too much. I became aware.”
‘It’ was a slow progression in life with the Swartzentrubers that unfolded over the course of a decade, during which time the entire brood – Jan had six more children over the years there – began to dress simply, attend services and study They Pennsylvania Dutch, the lingua franca of the Old Order. Her children attended Amish schools, and the family attended barn raises, funerals, and quilting groups. Eventually, she and her husband officially joined the Church (most of their children were too young to be baptized at this point, since Amish people do not typically accept baptism before the age of 16.)
Mostly she joined because she feared that if she didn’t she would never be fully accepted as one of them. She did her best to tow the line and “turn down anything that could possibly be turned down,” like toasters and windows on her stroller and the news. She could talk to the ladies in Pennsylvania Dutch after church. “I had figured out how to grow everything and wash everything and do all the household chores and farm chores.” She never used bright greens or deep purples in her quilt. She was in the very orderly zone. Also, Jan had never seen the theological difference between her and the Amish as a major obstacle—she and her husband were Methodist and Baptist, respectively, and “conservative, I guess”—so she didn’t really think about joining a religious campaign. or rebirth. The Amish were Christians and they didn’t do “bad things,” and that was reason enough for them. Most of the Amish she knew, especially the women, couldn’t point to the scriptures that formed the basis of their customs—they just did what they’d always done. But this resigned attitude didn’t particularly bother Jan at the time.
“It’s in the background, somewhere else. Because everyday life is so monotonous. You’re just trying to stay warm and eat enough and get all the social interactions in a settlement,” she says. “You’re just super busy from bedtime to bedtime… only at the end you’re like, ‘Oh, hm.'”
After joining the Church, she only stayed in the zone for about a year. Like a frog in a pot of boiling water, she realized the heat had turned up while she was distracted. Her older children were now teenagers and spending more time with their friends. They brought home rebellion stories that are must-reads for the secular world but surprising in such a closed world: drinking, drugs, a little sexual experimentation. Jan and her husband had never considered this to have happened in the Amish world; They thought maybe the other parents didn’t know and they should all sit down and talk about how to solve the problem.
As even-tempered as she is personally, Jan had never really given up the independent part of herself that spoke up when she felt it necessary. “Am I a feminist? I don’t know that. I don’t even know what a feminist is,” she says. “But I have strong opinions. And would influence her.” Whether that meant insisting that she get the things she needed for the house—new plates from an auction, thread for darning, flour for baking—or informing her sons’ friends, she was willing to do it.
But there was a catch: the other parents didn’t want to know what their teenage kids were up to. To face the problem would be to acknowledge it, which was contrary to Amish sensibilities. It’s better to blame kids who are kids and hope it passes.
“But the consequences of that are catastrophic,” she notes, “it’s just catastrophic what’s happening to a lot of people. And that left us disillusioned.”
Meanwhile, Jan’s eldest son, Paul, married the daughter of a bishop from near Holmes County. From the moment she arrived, it was clear that Paul’s wife was emotionally distressed, although Jan was never able to pinpoint the origin of her dissatisfaction. She told the family that she had a miscarriage – Jan isn’t convinced it was her – and was therefore unable to help on the farm. Instead, she stayed in bed for two months, occasionally waking Jan, whose youngest was then two, in the middle of the night to “draw pain from her arms and legs” in a Reiki-like manner. During this time, she asked her sister to live with her, and the two would often faint at the same time, basically on command; At one point, Jan and her husband found them both lying on the floor, so they took them to the emergency room, but the doctors said they were fine. In later years, she hid under the chicken coop for hours when she was upset, or gave her children vodka to calm them down.
But despite her eccentricities, the Edwards family felt they had to behave in front of her because if they did something inappropriate — say, talked English instead of Pennsylvania Dutch over dinner — she might tell someone. Eventually, the strain of keeping up with whims and appearances became too much, and Paul and his wife moved to a rented farm on another property. After that, Jan and her husband missed two services (the Old Order Amish hold a church every other Sunday); when they did not attend the third, they were excommunicated.
Overnight their collective and personal identities were swept away.
That was about 26 years ago, and Jan is still struggling to adjust to life outside of the Amish (her husband died in 2011). “I think while I was away, while I was out, the world changed. It’s not the same world anymore. I haven’t actually adapted very well. People don’t cook their own food. Mothers don’t raise their own babies. = People don’t teach their own children anything,” she says, her head tilted slightly towards the wooden kitchen table. There are many things she misses about Amish life: the camaraderie, the stillness of the night without passing traffic or phones that vibrate or even lights piercing the darkness. But it’s also not like she spends all her time longing for the past; there are many things that she does not miss, such as having to suppress the smallest expressions of her individuality or surviving incomprehensible church services in standard German. It’s not that one place or another is better – it’s that neither world is really a home, not anymore.
“I absolutely don’t fit!” she says, laughing, and in my head I fill in the obvious plaintext: everywhere. Ich fange an, traurig für sie zu sein, bis ich bemerke, dass sie immer noch lächelt. „Aber man kommt darüber hinweg. Und dazuzugehören ist vielleicht sowieso kein gutes Ziel.“
* * *
Der Sonntag im Mai, den ich mit Alex und Rebecca verbrachte, ist nicht der Höhepunkt jahrelanger Sehnsucht nach Amish-Mennoniten, aber dennoch hatte ich beim Betreten der Kirche einen Moment, der dem, den Alex vor 14 Jahren beschrieben hatte, nicht unähnlich war: Ich wurde angespannt, aufgeregt und fast ungläubig. Wie viele Amerikaner trage ich vorgefasste Meinungen über Amish-Mennoniten mit mir herum, und eine davon ist, dass Amish-Mennoniten nur existieren, wenn sie von Außenstehenden angestarrt werden. Natürlich weiß ich intellektuell, dass das nicht wahr ist, aber ein Teil von mir hat diese Vorstellung von den Amish als Relikten und ihren Heimatländern wie Plymouth Village in Massachusetts oder Colonial Williamsburg – oder Harpers Ferry, für diese Angelegenheit – aufgenommen. Im Wesentlichen historische Nachstellungen, die nicht für die Menschen gedacht sind, die die Nachstellung durchführen, sondern für die Besucher.
Ein Raum voller Amish-Mennoniten in ihrer typischen Tracht reicht aus, um einen von dieser Vorstellung zu enttäuschen. Im ersten Moment könnten Sie denken, dass die Schaufensterpuppen in einer Ausstellung im American Museum of Natural History (wenn sie einen eigenen Täuferflügel hätten) plötzlich zum Leben erweckt wurden; Dann wackelt ein Kind auf ihrem Sitz, und eine Person räuspert sich leise, und Sie erkennen, dass es sich um Menschen aus Fleisch und Blut handelt. Hier sind Sie ja! Sie sind überall um dich herum!
Hier ist, was ich sehe: Gottesdienste werden in einem großen, schmucklosen Raum abgehalten, der in seiner früheren Inkarnation ein Cafegymnatorium gewesen sein muss. Links sitzen die Männer, rechts die Frauen. An einer der Wände befindet sich ein langer Spiegel, den ich für bemerkenswert halte. In der Mitte des Raums – die Geschlechter teilend – führt ein Gang zu einer kleinen Bühne, auf der ein Mann an einem Rednerpult steht und sich an die Gruppe wendet. Ich bin zu sehr damit beschäftigt, die Bilder aufzusaugen, um wirklich zuzuhören, was er sagt, und seine Stimme ist so leise und gemessen, dass sie meine Träumerei nicht stört. Die Frauen tragen alle lange, einfarbige Kleider, und die eine oder andere trägt einen Pullover – die Palette deckt die Primärfarben ab, aber kein Kleidungsstück enthält mehr als ein Pigment oder hat irgendwelche Schnörkel, wie eine kleine Spitze an den Ärmeln oder ein Bubikragen. Niemand trägt Schmuck. Die Erwachsenen werfen einen kurzen Blick zurück zu mir, dem ansässigen Außenseiter, während die Kinder sich umdrehen und mich mit tiefen, großen Augen anstarren wie kleine Seen. Jeder einzelne von ihnen ist atemberaubend schön.
„Gestern war Kirchenpicknick“, schreibt Rebecca (in makelloser Handschrift) auf ihren Notizblock, den sie mir dann reicht. „Deshalb haben alle einen Sonnenbrand.“
Wenn die Andacht vorbei ist, erhebt sich die Gruppe und singt eine Hymne mit dem Titel „Our God, He Is Alive“. Der Gesang ist leise und a capella, da Amish-Mennoniten auf Musikinstrumente und Soloauftritte die Stirn runzeln, aber die Hymne selbst hat ein schnelles Tempo und einen nicht unkomplizierten Ruf-und-Antwort-Chor, den die Gemeindemitglieder – die nicht lernen, wie Noten lesen – mit Souveränität handhaben.
Es gibt einen Gott (Es gibt einen Gott), Er lebt (Er lebt)
In ihm leben wir (in ihm leben wir) und wir überleben (und wir überleben)
Aus Staub schuf unser Gott (Aus Staub unser Gott) den Menschen (erschuf den Menschen)
Er ist unser Gott (Er ist unser Gott), der große Ich Bin (der große Ich Bin)!
Der Gottesdienst dauert vielleicht zwei Stunden, was für mich nicht anstrengend ist, weil ich jeden Samstag mindestens so lange in der Synagoge bin. Es gibt Andachten, Hymnen, Momente des stillen Gebets; Es ist Muttertag, also gibt es viele Diskussionen darüber, unsere Mütter zu lieben, die die Grundlage des Haushalts sind, obwohl sie vielleicht mehr hinter den Kulissen agieren als ihre behaarten Kollegen. I can hear the tut-tutting of my ardently secular peers in my head–the patriarchy silences the Mennonite women!––and attune my ears to anything that might offend liberal sensibilities, but not much comes up. One speaker comments that the society is crumbling, but you hear that from all camps these days; another talks about our duty to love our fellow human beings regardless of their politics, race, or religious belief, which I think we can all get behind. At one point, a group of church ministers reads a letter of recommendation they had drafted on behalf of a former member (when a member moves, they need such a letter to join a new church.) They ask the congregation if everyone deems the letter acceptable. Everyone silently agrees that it is.
Once during the service, the congregation kneels down for prayer; this we do with our backs to the lectern and our elbows on the seat of our chairs, like we are children saying “Now I lay me down to sleep” before getting into bed. I sneak a few furtive glances around the room, and then look up to Alex, who is kneeling in a back nook, where there is built-in bleacher-style seating. His eyes are closed and his hands are clasped. I wondered how natural prayer feels to him, how fervent or lyrical or intimate in tone his outpouring is, but his face betrays no fiery mental activity. He looks serene. For a person raised religious, prayer can become routine, even robotic, but for the convert it can also be understood as a skill to be honed, and your facility in it can come to measure, for yourself and those around you, your worth as a Jew or an Amish-Mennonite or a Muslim or whatever the case may be.
Watching him there in church, I think of one time, when a friend and I–both studying to convert to Judaism–were discussing an acquaintance of ours, a woman who had converted as a teenager and had at that point been living an Orthodox life in Boro Park, Brooklyn for around ten years. “I mean, you should see her daven,” Elizabeth said, using the Yiddish word for pray. “It’s incredible.”
* * *
After church services, Alex and Rebecca take me to pick up my rental car, and then I follow them to their abode, which is a small house sandwiched between two other small houses, just on the other side of Berlin’s main drag. Rebecca goes into the kitchen to finish preparing lunch (chicken, applesauce, coffee) while Alex and I settle in the living room to talk about adjusting to Amish-Mennonite life. Their home is so close to the road that I can hear through the open window the clip-clop of horses’ hooves as buggies approach and then pass outside, which they do often. The space contains seven enormous aquariums filled with tropical fish; there are lights throughout, but none of them are turned on, and an old laptop sits closed on a table. A small bookshelf houses a handful of Christian books, as well as a few authored by Alex himself, including a coffee table photography book of Amish-Mennonite churches, as well as his taxonomy of the different styles of head coverings worn by various Plain communities. As I flip through a copy, lingering momentarily on a photo spread, he explains that he believes the cap (think bonnet) is superior to the cloth style (think scarf). “There’s quite an undercurrent now for the church to be moving toward the cloth style,” he says. “And given that the churches hold such a revered place in the Plain peoples’ lifestyle, is the switch in covering style indicative of a shift away from the church’s importance in people’s lives?”
These might seem like petty details to an outsider, but for Alex, no aspect of life is too casual to be deemed irrelevant to Plainness. This is actually not unique to him–whereas the Amish are legitimately above all the consumerist silliness that characterizes so much of American culture, they are also in other ways more mindful of aesthetic choices than the non-Plain masses. As academic Sue Trollinger puts it in her book Selling the Amish: The Tourism of Nostalgia, “[The Amish] know better than most Americans that it matters how you style your hair, the sort of pants you put on each morning, what kind of vehicle you drive to work.”
At 18, Alex enrolled at Eastern Mennonite University in Harrisonburg, so as to be within driving distance of the church. He generally preferred the church to EMU, where he was getting a degree in geography; the school was too mainstream–“no distinctiveness whatsoever”–for Alex’s taste. He became active in the community, attending Wednesday evening and Sunday morning services faithfully, and eventually joining the youth group and the choir. He adopted a more conservative uniform, though other than that, a lot of his behavior already conformed to church standards, because he had been working since high school to give up movies, the radio, involvement in sports, and television. (The last show he watched was The Simpsons, which was tough to let go of. He looks momentarily enticed when I tell him it’s still airing.)
Two years after he began attending, he formally joined. But even over the three years of membership that followed, he worried that he was doomed to always be a misfit. For one, he often felt like the social bull in the china shop of Amish-Mennonite life. He projected his voice in choir, spoke up in meetings, and deviated from the norm in ways the community didn’t understand, like maintaining his interest in classical music. “Plain People have prescribed forms of deviance,” he explains. “If you’re going to get an instrument and be naughty, you’re going to get a guitar, but the flute? It created too much question for them.” Because he hadn’t grown up in the culture, Alex couldn’t pick up on the way the group subtly expressed their disapproval–a pregnant pause, say, or a swift glance, but never a verbal rebuke–and often felt like he was the last to know when he was doing something unacceptable. “When I did violate some sort of norm, everyone else already knew it, and I was just set back from really being accepted by these people as one of them.”
Conflict also arose because, Schoenberg flute solos aside, Alex was in many ways a little more conservative than the group. While church officials were discussing abolishing certain sartorial codes–say, ditching a full button-up shirt for men in favor of shirts with one or two buttons at the collar–Alex was dressing consistently more conservatively. Sometimes, he would wear suspenders, and the other men would brusquely inform him that they dropped that requirement years ago, as if piqued they were being outdone by a new kid. He was always trying to organize evening activities for the male youth–Bible study, seminars on mission work abroad–only to find out the kids were planning to go sledding instead. After one evening when turnout was particularly disappointing, Alex was so depressed he stopped attending that church for the next three months, service-hopping from one Plain congregation to the next, hoping in vain to find somewhere that checked all his boxes. He started underperforming at his job as a transportation planner. Doubt consumed him: Do I really want to be with this people? Do these people even really want to be who they are? If the keepers of these things don’t even value them, then what value do these things have?
The move to Ohio in 2009, precipitated by a scholarship to study for a PhD in sociology at Ohio State University, proved re-invigorating. “It was really a chance to begin taking control again of what I want to do amongst these people. How I want to be amongst these people. Put some of what made me me back in middle school and high school to work in this setting.” In Ohio, he did join a new church, but with a greater understanding of how he would have to compartmentalize in order to be both his autonomous, individual self and his devout Amish-Mennonite self. That old-self found its outlet in academia, whereas the devout self prays, works to yield to the authority of the group, and regularly gives speeches to the church youth about cherishing their heritage. It’s harder for them to value Plain faith and culture, he knows, because they, like most people, find it easy to take for granted what’s always been.
In a way, Alex has come to realize what the wishful Amish of the internet haven’t fully grasped yet: that the Amish universe and its denizens are not perfect. They don’t have a vested interest in your quality of life–spiritual, technological, or otherwise–anymore than you do in theirs. When the wishful Amish express disappointment at this–“Why don’t they seek to try to save this terrible world?” as one Internet commenter opines–they are ignoring the fact that the Plain-from-birth are not operating as full-time beacons of goodness, but as people whose “private convulsive selves,” as William James wrote, more often than not trump ideology. They’re also not spending every moment musing on the purpose of community and separatism. They’re just humans: they get tired of their lives, they skirt convention, they just want to go sledding when they should be reading. It takes someone like Alex, acutely aware of the socializing forces at work on them, enamored of and devoted to the faith they all share, a part of and yet a stranger in the community, to remind them of what they have.
Suddenly, I’m thinking about something I saw in church earlier that morning: in front of me sat a girl, maybe 10 or 12, a white cap pleated neatly around her light brown bun like a cupcake wrapper. A few times, she reached her skinny arm back, drew a silver pin from deep within her tightly coiled hair, moved the pin a fraction of a millimeter, and pushed it back into place. A tiny motion, a meaningless one maybe, but I felt like I was watching a dance savant, moving without thinking about the next step, or about any of the technicality behind her piece, unaware, in many ways, that she was dancing at all. This is the kind of cultural fluency Alex always wanted, but can never have. This is the warmth of effortless identity people like Alex and me will never know. But that’s okay: though we’ll stumble over the wordings of our invocations sometimes, we’ll make up for it in the love we feel for our little worlds, and in the ways in which, as perennial outsiders, we can proclaim their worth with a special sort of authority.
“In the early days, I would have wanted to hide the fact that I didn’t grow up this way. Now I embrace it. Now it’s part of me.” At this, he grins and opens his arms, palms out, as if to say, here I am.
* * *
Kelsey Osgood is the author of How to Disappear Completely: On Modern Anorexia, which was chosen for the Barnes & Noble Discover Great New Writers Program in 2013. She lives in London, where she is at work on a book about religious conversion.
Editor: Reyhan Harmanci
Amish Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)
Questions about the Amish
On this site we have provided extensive information about the Amish, their beliefs, lifestyle, schools, marriages, history and more. Many questions have been sent to us about the Amish on a variety of subjects. These questions and their answers, where applicable, are included in the sections above. Various questions that do not fit into these categories are listed below. Most of the answers to these questions were provided by the resident experts at the Mennonite Information Center in Lancaster, PA.
“Can an outsider join the Amish church/community?”
“A local Amishman recently remarked, ‘You don’t have to move here to embrace a lifestyle of simplicity and discipleship. You can start wherever you are.” Yes, it is possible for outsiders to join the Amish community through conversion and conviction, but we must quickly add that this is rare. First, the Amish do not evangelize and seek to bring outsiders into their church. Second, outsiders would have to live among the Amish and demonstrate a genuine conversion experience and faith that would result in a changed lifestyle. Third, adjusting to the austere Amish lifestyle is extremely difficult for anyone who did not grow up without electricity, automobiles, and other modern conveniences. And to truly be a part of the Amish community, you would have to learn the Pennsylvania Dutch dialect.”
“Is the Amish calendar the same as ours?”
“The Amish use the same annual calendar as you. We might add that November is wedding month – the spring, summer and autumn months are too busy and the winter risks unfavorable weather. Also, Tuesdays and Thursdays are wedding days – these are the least busy days of the week.”
“I think some of my ancestors were Amish. How can I find out?”
“The best source for this type of information would be the Mennonite Historical Society, which maintains an extensive genealogical library. Their address is 2215 Millstream Road, Lancaster, PA 17602. Telephone: (717) 393-9745.”
“How true was the portrayal of the Amish in the Harrison Ford movie Witness?”
“The film Witness portrayed the Amish lifestyle fairly accurately in what was shown, but it only portrayed a very limited portion of the Amish lifestyle. The Amish have many reservations about Witness. The plot seemed incompatible with Amish lifestyle and culture. It was filmed in the Amish geographic area, but not on an Amish farm. The actors and actresses in the film were not Amish.”
“What are Amish courtship rituals?”
“For many of the Old Order Amish young people, ‘mating’ begins on Sunday night with singing. The boy will take the girl home in his buggy. The couple is secret about their friendship and courtship. A few days to two weeks before the wedding, the couple is “published” in the church and their intentions to marry are announced. Weddings take place in November or early December at the latest. That’s after the busy fall harvest season is over. Weddings are on Tuesdays or Thursdays—the busiest days of the week on an Amish farm. The wedding takes place at the bride’s house and the sermon and ceremony last about four hours. Weddings usually start at 8:30 am. There are no kisses, rings, photos, flowers or caterers. Usually there are 200 or more guests. After the wedding there is a delicious dinner of chicken, stuffing, mashed potatoes, gravy, ham, relishes, tinned fruit and many types of biscuits, cakes and tarts.”
Why isn’t the Amish spoken of in the Bible?
The New Testament Church began after Christ’s death, resurrection, and ascension. At Pentecost, Christ sent the Holy Spirit to indwell the believers and the church began. But different denominations of faith developed later. The Amish and Mennonites date back to the Protestant Reformation in Europe. Followers of Menno Simons in the 16th century were called Mennonites. In 1693 Jacob Amman split over the issue of shunning the Mennonites. His followers became known as the Amish. As you can see, both groups began long after the Bible was written.
You can read more about Amish history here.
Amish furniture, handmade quilts and other products are known to be made in Lancaster County, PA.
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