Captive Bolt Gun Canada? Trust The Answer

Llewelyn Moss (Josh Brolin) is a good old Texas boy hunting antelope when he discovers the aftermath of a failed drug deal. Moss carefully investigates the crime scene and finds the sole survivor of the shooting in a bullet-riddled pickup truck begging for Agua. “No water,” Moss replies curtly. Besides, being a philanthropist isn’t important to him. His real interest is finding the money that should be exchanged for the drugs. After some effort, he tracks it down and collects it. The problem is that Moss isn’t cold-hearted enough. Unable to sleep, he returns with water in the middle of the night, only to find the item of his grace has expired. The act of kindness does not go unpunished. Before he can leave, he is chased by shooting hooligans in an SUV. When he falls down an embankment and escapes into a river, they send a pit bull after him. Almost exhausted, Moss decides to go ashore and play his trump card: a .45 automatic pistol that he had earlier tucked into the back of his pants. Miraculously it’s still there and even more miraculously, after some fiddling to get it to work, he manages to shoot and kill the dog with a single bullet while lunging for its throat. Pit bulls are not generally used by police because when released to attack, although trained to subdue offenders by holding on to their arms, they will likely leap several feet off the ground (much like in the shown in movie). and try to lock their jaws on the offender’s throat. A charging pit bull is fearless, relentless, and nearly impervious to pain. It can easily maim or kill a human, and nothing short of a fatal shot can stop one. Okay, there’s no law of physics that says a gun can’t get stuck in your waistband after running, falling, falling off a bank, or swimming in a river. Also, there is no law of physics that says a charging pit bull cannot be stopped with a single shot in the last resort. However, the entire sequence of events is unlikely. In a conflict between a well-trained guard dog and a gun-wielding human, the guard dog usually wins. Why? A guard dog’s lethal target is small, and the dog can cover 50 feet (15.2 m) in about a second. It’s difficult to hit something so small that’s moving so fast. Of course, with $2,000,000 missing in drug money, someone connected to the criminal enterprise must track down Moss. The task falls to Anton Chigurh (Javier Bardem), probably the best villain since Darth Vador – a clear plus for the film. After all, it’s the bad guys, not the good guys, that add flavor to a movie. Opening Doors Chigurh lugs around an air tank containing a cattle euthanasia device called a captive bolt pistol – a symbol of his philosophy. These instruments are used by slaughterhouses to humanely euthanize cattle before processing them into meat. The device is held against the bull’s skull and triggered, driving a sharp bolt into the bull’s brain, causing an immediate and irreversible loss of consciousness. The bolt then retracts back into the pistol. Though the brain damage is significant, the bolt pistol captured is carefully designed not to kill the beast outright. Typically, the animal’s brainstem is not destroyed, allowing its heart to continue beating long enough to drain the animal’s blood—a step necessary to prevent meat spoilage. For Chigurh, the world is a vast clockwork whose output is irreversibly affected by often random decisions made in brief moments of free will. He’s almost Shakespearean in his approach to life, but with a few modifications. Instead of “The whole world is a stage”, the whole world is a slaughterhouse with its inhabitants like so many cattle who do not know their fate. Chigurh sees himself simply as a tool that completes his destiny, not destiny. He kills his victims less than he puts them to sleep. In the movie, the bolt gun is also handy for opening doors. Held against the cylinder lock and fired, the lock shoots like a bullet to the opposite side of the door. The problem is that a cylinder lock, when turned with its key, pushes a bolt into the door frame. To do this, the cylinder must be connected to the bolt. This metal connection prevents the cylinder from being pushed through the door (see photos on the right). Although the metal in the joint is not as strong as the bolt, it would still require considerable force to shear through. A cylinder lock also usually has a metal flange that prevents it from being pushed through the door. A captive bolt gun is powered at 80 to 120 psi and only delivers about 200 pounds of force. However, Newton’s 3rd law states that when the deadbolt pushes on the lock, the lock is pushed back with an equal and opposite force. Therefore, if the person holding the captive bolt gun can resist 200 pounds, the actual force is only 200 pounds – not a likely event. Shearing through the various lock parts would likely require several thousand pounds of force. The captive bolt only moves at a speed of 55 to 70 m/s – faster than a fastball at 42.5 m/s, but nowhere near as fast as a bullet. From an impact energy point of view, the captive screw is not particularly remarkable. At least two of the inflated locks in the film are deadbolt types similar to the lock shown in the three images to the right. These are usually located above the doorknob. Even if the bang of a bolt gun were enough to drive the cylinder lock through the door, the bolt would still be in the locked position. Also, the remnants of the sheared connector would likely be deformed and trapped, making it nearly impossible to pull the door’s latch from its locked position and open the door. Locks that are built into the center of doorknobs are usually not as strong as deadbolts. But even they could not be punched out without shearing through internal metal parts. Like the latch, this would require considerable force. If one were punched out it would almost certainly jam the doorknob mechanism so that the door cannot be opened. Could a bolt gun ever open doors? The short answer: no. Unlike the captive bolt pistol, a 12-gauge shotgun load is forced out of the barrel at several thousand psi and achieves an exit velocity of about 370 m/s, or more than five times the top captive bolt velocity. Remember that when calculating the kinetic energy of the projectile, the velocity is squared. If the shotgun load had the same mass as the captured bolt, the shotgun load would have over 25 times as much kinetic energy. This explains why the US military uses a specially designed 12 gauge to blow up doors. Although a regular 12-gauge round could blast open a door, the door-busting rounds are much less likely to enter through the door and injure or kill an innocent person on the other side. So why is 12 gauge door picking relevant to the film? Chigurh carries a 12-gauge shotgun with a silencer, in addition to the air tank and captive bolt pistol. Even if it worked, why lug around an annoyingly clumsy pneumatic device when the shotgun alone could do a Jim Dandy job of putting victims to sleep and opening doors? Ok, so there wasn’t a door opening round in the 80’s when the movie is set, but whatever. It’s not like Chigurh would have cared if he killed someone on the other side and if the first 12 gauge round didn’t open the door; he could have pursued it with others. Incidentally, the speed of sound in air is about 1,000 feet per second, which means a typical 12-gauge round flies through the air fast enough to produce a sonic boom almost as loud as the gunpowder muzzle bang. For his silencer to work properly, Chigurh would have had to use handloaded shotgun shells with a reduced amount of gunpowder, which would lower the firing rate to subsonic levels, but he’s a smart guy, so we’re assuming he did. Chigurh eventually tracks down Moss with the help of a transponder hidden in the money. The film gets good marks here because the transponder only works over a relatively short distance. On the other hand, the transponder might not have worked at all. The money was hidden in an air conditioner’s return duct, which was conveniently connected to the room beyond. It is doubtful that a low power transponder could effectively transmit through the metal channels. The grille on the shaft had blinds, but even with the slots in it fully open, a metal plate can still block a radio signal. It depends in part on the wavelength and polarity of the signal and unfortunately we don’t have data for the transponder on either. We’d add that even in the ’80s, motel rooms typically had individual, not collective, air conditioning for a variety of reasons. Individual units could be better tailored to individual needs or turned off to reduce costs when the space is unoccupied. Smokers could be isolated from non-smokers, and in the event of a fire, lethal fumes and smoke would not spread from room to room. Despite not being able to find Moss at the first motel, Chigurh successfully tracks him to a second one. A firefight ensues, Chigurh and Moss are both wounded and Moss escapes again. The next morning, to treat his wounds, Chigurh must sneak into an apothecary and gather medical supplies, but first he needs a distraction. He opens the gas cap of a parked car and wets a piece of cloth with petrol. He places a flammable cover over the gas tank opening with the gasoline-soaked rag in front of it and sets the rag on fire. Of course, the petrol tank explodes at exactly the right moment and provides the desired distraction. This explosion could only happen roughly if the gas tank was essentially empty except for an explosive mixture of gasoline vapor and air. Even with a modest amount of gasoline in the tank, the air/vapor mixture would be too rich to burn. The film gives us a stylized, metaphor-filled view of life from a very unusual angle that gives it considerable value as a work of art. As for physics, we can write off the captive bolt gun business as one of the metaphors. The device is an effective prop that helps convey the twisted logic of the film’s villain. We can ignore the transmitter. Being a wash between good and bad physics is part of history. We can rationalize the films many improbabilities. So we’re left with the exploding car. It could be worse, but we have to say it’s certainly not the setting for old physics teachers. References: J.F. Gracey, David S. Collins, Robert J. Huey; Meat Hygiene, 1999 Elsevier Health Sciences, 768 pages, ISBN 0702022586 Recommended Bolt Stunning Techniques for Cattle (updated February 2008) by Temple Grandin (updated February 2008) Dr. Carl Semencic, The World of Fighting Dogs, T.F.N. Publications, 1084, ISBN 0-87666-566-0 Door Breaching Rounds, CQB SUPPLY INC., 2008 12 gauge Cartriges, GlobalSecurity.org, 2008, Website maintained by: John Pike

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13.6% of bulls may be inadequately stunned despite an accurate shot, raising serious welfare concerns and reliability questions.

Stunning animals is one of the few “welfare” measures available for slaughter animals. The idea is that being stunned means animals don’t suffer during the actual killing and dying process. But how effective is captive bolt stunning, the most common way of stunning cows? Researchers from the Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences studied the efficiency of captive bolt stunning at a commercial Swedish slaughterhouse. A total of 998 cattle were observed during routine stunning for five consecutive days. The specific facility processes an average of 200 cattle per day and 30 animals per hour. The scientists attempted to evaluate the stunning procedure in terms of the adequacy and accuracy of the stunning. Inadequacy was defined as the presence of consciousness symptoms in stunned cattle. EU laws now require continuous monitoring of stunning quality in European slaughterhouses as the issue of animal welfare and welfare at the time of slaughter has become a public concern. Animal welfare researchers have long called for adequate stunning of all animals slaughtered in commercial operations.

The study found that of the 998 cattle observed, only 84.1% were adequately stunned. The remaining individuals were then either repeatedly stunned or slaughtered while semi-conscious. Confirming some of the results of previous research, bulls were three times more likely to show inadequate stunning symptoms than other cattle. This is a major concern for the bulls’ welfare, as the scientists highlight that more than half of the 445,000 cattle slaughtered annually in Sweden are male.

After closely observing the skulls of the killed animals, the researchers found that a total of 10.4% of the cattle that were shot accurately were inadequately stunned. In contrast, 35% of the cattle showed signs of insufficient stunning when the animals were stunned incorrectly. Remarkably, 14 bulls were shot more than three times and one five times before slaughter. Calves were most often exposed to inaccurate shots (14%). The researchers believed that poor maintenance of the stun guns and the limited experience of the gunners were to blame for the inadequate stunning of cattle. In the latter, the percentage of cattle shot less accurately ranged from five to 19 for the most experienced and least experienced shooters, respectively. The scientists noted that “the least experienced marksman … seemed afraid of the livestock and often hesitated just before firing.”

Before new EU regulations came into force in 2013, overriding previous local requirements, the long-standing requirement for shorter stun-to-stick intervals of less than 60 seconds was replaced with a mild recommendation to keep this time as short as possible keep. Detention refers to killing the cattle and draining their blood with knives. The short interval between the two steps reduces the risk that the animals will partially or fully regain consciousness before reaching the splicing station. None of the 585 bulls and 413 other cattle got stuck within 60 seconds. The average stun-to-stick time was 105 seconds. The researchers observed that technical design flaws (e.g. poor shackle line design) were the main causes of delays at the slaughterhouse.

The study concludes by highlighting the importance of regular external stunning quality audits, which should allow for further quality control and ensure higher animal welfare standards in slaughterhouses. Animal rights activists can use this information to highlight the need for higher welfare standards for livestock, both on the farm and at the slaughterhouse. The apparent limitations of the common captive bolt stunning method should be brought to light by highlighting the individual victims of this practice: the bulls, calves and cows that are inadequately stunned before slaughter.

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Free Ball Firearms

The user of a firearm must be competent to protect the welfare of the animal. It is very important that the correct ammunition is used, otherwise the animal may not be killed immediately and/or the operator may be injured. The use of firearms indoors or when animals are on hard surfaces can result in ricocheting of free bullets and should be avoided for health and safety reasons. There is no need to bleed or unmark an animal after effectively using firearms.

Various firearms can be used to kill livestock:

A humane killer is a single-shot free-firing pistol with a vented barrel. They are extremely dangerous and should only be used by experienced operators. Humane killers are commonly used by veterinarians and skinners. It is very important that the correct ammunition is used. The gun’s muzzle is pressed against the animal’s forehead and a bullet is fired into the brain, causing instant death. When using a free-shooting weapon, it is possible for the bullet to leave the animal’s body and ricochet off solid walls and floors. Animals should therefore be positioned on soft ground near a suitable backdrop. Inside buildings, the correct direction of the shot must be observed. Further information: Human Killer.

is a single-shot free-firing pistol with a ventilated barrel. They are extremely dangerous and should only be used by experienced operators. Humane killers are commonly used by veterinarians and skinners. It is very important that the correct ammunition is used. The gun’s muzzle is pressed against the animal’s forehead and a bullet is fired into the brain, causing instant death. When using a free-shooting weapon, it is possible for the bullet to leave the animal’s body and ricochet off solid walls and floors. Animals should therefore be positioned on soft ground near a suitable backdrop. Inside buildings, the correct direction of the shot must be observed. Further information: Human killer. Shotguns are the best firearm for destroying all farm animals when used by a competent operator. Shotguns are a safer firearm because the shot disperses in the head of large animals and in other cases cannot travel as far as rifle bullets, reducing the potential risk of injury to the operator. A close range (5-20 cm) forehead shot kills animals of all shapes and sizes. The muzzle of the shotgun must not be held against the animal’s head as this may result in serious injury to the operator. Additional information: Shotgun.

are the best firearm for destroying all farm animals when used by a competent operator. Shotguns are a safer firearm because the shot disperses in the head of large animals and in other cases cannot travel as far as rifle bullets, reducing the potential risk of injury to the operator. A close range (5-20 cm) forehead shot kills animals of all shapes and sizes. The muzzle of the shotgun must not be held against the animal’s head as this may result in serious injury to the operator. Additional information: Shotgun. .22 rifles can be used to kill sheep, hogs and small livestock but correct shot placement is difficult to guarantee and as such shotguns are usually the preferred option. The gun should be fired 5-20 cm from the animal’s forehead. The muzzle of the rifle must not be held against the animal’s head as this may result in serious injury to the operator. Additional information: rifle.

After the shot, the animal should collapse and bleed from the bullet entry point, nose and mouth. After firing (usually beginning about a minute later), the animal may exhibit involuntary limb movement, but this is normal and does not necessarily indicate consciousness.

Firearms control legislation varies around the world. Operators must ensure that they work within the framework of the relevant national legislation. Contact your local government agency for information before acquiring or using a firearm.

› For more detailed information on the use of firearms, see the HSA Online Guide to the Humane Killing of Livestock with Firearms. Information is available on firearm equipment, proper firing positions for different species, and firearm operation, maintenance, and safety.

Next: Captive Bolt Stun

“Stunning” before slaughter is a legal requirement in many countries, including Australia. It is designed to induce unconsciousness so that the slaughter can be carried out without fear, anxiety, pain, suffering or distress. The most common methods of stunning pigs are electrical stunning and exposure to high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas.

CO 2 gas stunning offers advantages over electrical stunning, including the ability to stun animals in groups with minimal restraint, less handling and therefore potentially less stress prior to stunning. There is also less confidence in the abilities of those operating the equipment.

What are the welfare benefits of group stunning?

Carbon dioxide stunning is one of the few commercial stunning methods that allows pigs to be treated and stunned in groups rather than having to treat, restrain and stun them individually. Unlike cattle and sheep, pigs do not have the natural instinct to walk in single file. Therefore, stunning systems using single-row breeds, such as electric and single-row carbon dioxide stunning systems, often require excessive force and coercion to move pigs. With the added excitability of pigs in a new environment such as a slaughterhouse, handling problems in individual races increase, often resulting in the regular use of handling aids, including electric prods [1].

Group stunning allows pigs to stay and move in small groups, better mimicking the natural movement behavior of pigs. This minimizes the need for handling aids when transporting pigs and eliminates the need to hold individual pigs prior to stunning.

What animal welfare issues are there with carbon dioxide stunning?

With commercial CO 2 stunning, pigs are exposed to high concentrations of CO 2 (>80% by volume in air) which leads to gradual unconsciousness. Recent studies have revealed a number of animal welfare issues when stunning with high concentration CO 2 . These include that [2, 3]:

Concentrations >30% are very aversive (very uncomfortable, painful) for pigs.

There are variations in the responses of pigs to CO 2

Pigs do not immediately become unconscious

High levels of CO 2 gas can cause significant pain and distress in pigs when inhaled (due to acute respiratory distress, i.e. difficulty breathing).

Studies on pig behavior have shown that most pigs avoid high concentrations of CO 2 gas if possible and that almost 90% of pigs prefer to go without water for 72 hours than to be exposed to CO 2 gas [4] .

What is the RSPCA’s position on carbon dioxide stunning?

The RSPCA recommends that stunning/killing of pigs with high CO 2 concentrations be phased out and replaced with a more humane alternative. Further research is urgently needed to develop stunning systems that retain the advantages of group CO 2 stunning while minimizing the disadvantages. There is evidence that possible alternatives to explore may include:

non-aversive gas mixtures such as argon, nitrogen or nitrous oxide

a combination of argon with CO 2

Stunning with non-aversive gases followed by killing by CO 2 or electrical methods

or electrical methods genetic selection for pigs that do not perceive CO 2 as aversive.

For more information see: Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals: Livestock at Slaughtering Establishments

It’s entirely possible that you’re part of the majority of people who don’t know how a slaughterhouse works or how animals end up in those places; Because the meat industry goes to great lengths to hide its routine operations. No school would take children on a field trip to one of these inhuman places.

To get consumers to buy their products, the meat industry needs to hide from our eyes and ears the horrors that millions of animals experience every day.

Below we have listed some of the most common slaughterhouse practices, as being informed is a choice of all compassionate and responsible consumers. If you’re an animal lover, you’ll definitely find this information necessary (and outrageous).

1. Forced fasting

They do not feed the animals for up to 24 hours before slaughter so that there are no traces of food in their digestive system that would interfere with the processing of the meat.

2. Inhuman transport

Animals are sent to slaughter in trucks that can travel long distances without taking food or water. For some animals, this will be the first and last time they will see the sun because they have lived their entire lives in artificially lit factory farms.

For birds such as hens and hens, the journey to the slaughterhouse is mostly at night, as these animals are less active without light.

3. Watch and wait for the end

The animals have to wait in the slaughterhouse for their turn. The waiting time can last a day or two. Some animals, such as pigs and cows, witness their fellows being sent to their deaths and suffer terribly, knowing they will be next.

4. Electrocution

Before dying, various types of mechanisms are used to knock out animals before they are slaughtered. pigs remain unconscious; They are electrocuted with a device attached to their temples. Chickens and hens are forced to walk headfirst through electrified water. And cows are drilled in the skull with a special gun that inserts a retractable bullet into their brains.

5. Cruel death

Decapitation occurs when the animals are hung upside down. If they are hung upside down, they bleed out more quickly, meaning it’s more economically advantageous for subsequent processing of the meat.

Slaughterhouses “process” many animals every day, so their operation is similar to an assembly line. Cows and pigs, animals of great weight, are lifted off the ground by their hind legs, causing them tears and fractures. Then they are slaughtered by the killers, their trembling bodies can be extended for minutes.

Chickens and hens are hung upside down on conveyor belts. They are slaughtered by machines. Almost everything is automated in poultry slaughterhouses. They can kill more than 50,000 animals in just one week.

To avoid contributing to the daily horrors faced by millions of poor animals in slaughterhouses, you can substitute meat, dairy, and eggs in your diet. Millions of compassionate people around the world are already doing it. At LoveVeg.com you will find great tips and delicious and healthy food without cruelty.

You can also speak out against this cruelty by signing our petition to end factory farming. Forever.

Have you ever watched a cow eating grass and wondered what emotions she might be feeling?

Humans can often reduce some animals to the products that can be extracted from them, such as beef or dairy. However, animals like cows are much more than vast food resources.

These animals have life, and since we know so much about evolution, there’s no reason to believe they don’t have the ability to feel emotions. Understandably, human emotional capacity is varied and extensive, and while a cow’s emotional range is probably nowhere near as wide-ranging, we can always try to respect the animal. Read on to learn if cows are sad and how they would express such feelings!

How do cows cry?

Whether cows and calves are actually capable of shedding tears is something people are struggling to find an answer to. However, some farmers and other people whose jobs require them to be close to these animals often recount incidents where they saw a cow crying in pain or even shed tears. There is little reason not to believe such stories and question their credibility since the average person doesn’t actually spend much time with calves and cows.

The cries of these animals are believed to consist of high-pitched moos that sound much more desperate than their average low-pitched tones. On one occasion, a cow may even shed a few tears from grief, fear, distress, or other emotional extremes. A crying cow could be looking for her herd, her calves, or simply in pain. Some farmers speak of incidents where members of their farm cried and shed tears from physical pain, as in the case of painful gas or a broken limb. They also cry if their milk has not been taken for a long time. Cows have to be milked at certain time intervals. Otherwise they would feel uncomfortable and could even lead to diseases like mastitis in their udders. Any kind of pain or discomfort is therefore communicated in the form of a high-pitched moo, which may or may not be combined with tears!

Do cows cry at night?

If someone were to say that cows only cry at a certain time, it would certainly sound a bit absurd. However, it is said that there are some hours of the day or night when these animals can be particularly emotional.

During the day the cows stay with their families. Because cows are herbivorous, gentle animals, they like to stay in herds. If this were not the case, cows would become easy targets for predators. One of the most important factors of herd life in the human sense is being able to feel safe. While chewing grass during the day, all members of the herd are in close proximity to one another and in clear view, providing a sense of security. However, it is often dark on the farms at night, leading cattle to fear that they may be separated from the herd. Therefore, it is more common to hear cows crying at night. That doesn’t mean, however, that these animals are only capable of doing so in the dark.

It is also believed that cows will yell or make a high-pitched noise when they sense a threat. This is a way to warn your friends who live on the same farm and make sure everyone is ready to fend off any danger. Cows can also cry after being away from their boyfriend for the night.

There is a popular theory that cows cry when they are sad. While there will always be people who will dispute any claim that these animals are capable of feeling this emotion, theories of evolution seem to point in the opposite direction. Unless there is solid research to legitimize one of the speculations, we have no reason to denounce one and take up the other. However, there is nothing wrong with listening to some of the stories a person who spends a lot of time with cows would have. Some of these stories state that cows can feel heartache, sadness, fear of death, and an urge to save their herd. Farmers also have first-hand experience of handling cows when they are distressed at being separated from their calves or crying in fear of being killed. Some farmers also believe the cries can mean the animal is hungry or lonely. Understandably, a species that evolved to live in large groups would be sad if forced to live alone.

Do cows cry before slaughter?

If you love animals, seeing tears in the eyes of cows might not feel the best. In the process of obtaining products for human consumption, such as dairy and meat, we sometimes injure animals and cause them more pain than we can imagine.

The slaughter process often brings tears to the eyes of these animals because the environment can be so stressful. This is one of the reasons farmers make sure the animal is comfortable during the process. There are many videos online showing cows sometimes suspecting they are going to die. Any emotion these animals would feel on such occasions would be let out in the form of screams and wails. It also becomes important for farmers and slaughterhouse workers to ensure a cow is not stressed at the time of death, as such emotions can alter the taste of the meat and make it less valuable for the market.

Cows also yell to call their mates, look for signs of threat, and let their keepers know they need food. A high reputation could mean that the mother cow cannot find her young or is saddened at having been separated from her. Cows also cry when they are about to be milked as the process can be very stressful for them if not done properly. People sometimes think that a shrill moo from a cow can only mean that someone they love is about to die. While this superstition is hardly accurate, the animal might just be emotional.

Can cows feel emotions?

Whether or not cows cry is a question that has sparked much heated debate around the world. While evolution has enabled humans to experience a very wide range of emotions, the same cannot be said for cows.

The truth remains that humans have yet to find the means to understand the precise feelings of other animals. However, since cows are respected in some parts of the world, the possibility that they can feel fear, anger, sadness, or similar emotions makes people wonder whether or not human behavior toward these bovines is always appropriate. Animal rights advocates and advocates tend to think that cows and other herd animals are just as emotional as humans. The only difference between these cases would be that humans cannot understand the language of cattle.

Farmers around the world seem to think their gentle bovine family is very capable of displaying a range of emotions. Understandably, they spend a lot more time with these herd animals than we do, which is one of the reasons why their opinion on the subject may matter more. However, we cannot say that the general population has completely ignored the possibility that cows might be able to cry or show other emotions. Many types of research have been conducted over the years showing that while cows’ emotional capacity is not equal to that of humans, they do experience stress. The research was conducted by examining hormone levels and heartbeats in cows in different situations. Because cows are herd animals, they have a very strong group bond. If we may say so, they even have friends in their herds. When a cow was placed in a pen next to another cow she didn’t recognize, the animal showed higher levels of stress hormones. The animal would also have a higher heartbeat, showing it was experiencing stress and discomfort. At the same time, the cow was much calmer and showed lower heart rates when placed next to another cow it was familiar with. This shows that cows have relationships within their herd and are uncomfortable around completely strange animals of their own kind.

At the same time, the internet is full of stories and videos about how cows have shown their feelings in the past. Some farmers have even reported hearing cows crying on their farm at night. It’s also important to understand at this point that since cows’ speech is indecipherable to us, we can easily misinterpret a simple sound as one that comes from pain.

Not only do cows have friends, they also have very strong feelings for their calves. It can be observed in many cases that suckler cows are sad and desperate when their babies are taken away from them. These bonds can only exist through evolutionary processes that cannot be denied credibility. On a farm, it is quite normal for the farmer to send away the young calf just a few hours or maybe days after it is born. The simple reason for this is that if the calf stayed, it would drink the milk that the farmer could otherwise produce and sell. Whether such practices are right or wrong is a matter of personal opinion. However, there is a whole school of thought that believes suckler cows deserve to live with their calves and that farmers should practice “ethical dairy farming”. This school of thought also gives a certain meaning to the life of cattle and grants them the right to at least maintain their family ties.

At the same time, there are other people in the world who believe that cows are definitely incapable of feeling complex emotions. Their basic idea is that cows can only feel pain in the literal sense of the word and all other feelings are beyond their reach. What is important here is an acknowledgment that we humans really don’t know all that much about the emotions that other life forms can feel and how they express them. While a world without dairy and meat is hard to imagine, consuming products that have been sourced the right way is a conscious choice we can make. At the same time, looking for alternatives is also a way that can be taken to ensure that animal lives are not neglected in any way.

Transport Terror

When pigs are allowed to live their natural lives, they live an average of 10 to 15 years, but factory farmed pigs are sent to slaughter after just six months. To get the frightened pigs onto the trucks bound for the slaughterhouse, workers may hit their sensitive noses and backs or stick electric batons in their rectums.

Packed into 18 wheels, pigs struggle to get air and are usually denied food and water for the entire journey (often hundreds of miles). They suffer extreme temperatures and are forced to inhale ammonia fumes and diesel exhaust. A former pig trucker told PETA that pigs are “packed so tight their guts actually pop out of their butts — a little soft ball of guts actually pops out.”

According to a 2006 industry report, more than 1 million pigs die each year from the horrors of transportation alone. Another industry report notes that in some transport loads, up to 10 percent of the pigs are “downers,” animals so sick or injured they are unable to stand and walk on their own. These sick and injured pigs are kicked, beaten with electric batons and finally dragged to their deaths by the trucks.

In the winter, some pigs die frozen to the sides of the trucks. In the summer, some die from heat exhaustion. Some fall and suffocate when other animals are forced to crowd upon them. Everyone is in a panic – screaming and desperately trying to escape – and some are dying of heart attacks.

A worker reports: “Pigs are always stuck to the sides and bottom of the trucks in winter. [Slaughterhouse workers] go in there with wires or knives and cut or pry the pigs loose. The skin peels off immediately. Those pigs were alive when we did that.”

In 2004, a Smithfield Foods truck carrying 180 pigs overturned in Virginia. Many pigs died in the accident, others lay injured on the roadside and died. PETA officials arrived at the scene and offered to humanely euthanize the injured animals, but Smithfield refused to allow the suffering animals a humane death because the company could not legally sell the meat of euthanized animals. After an accident in April 2005, Smithfield spokesman Jerry Hostetter told a reporter, “I hate to admit it, but it happens all the time.”

Butcher

Unloading at the slaughterhouses is just as ugly as loading. After being kept in an immobile state all their lives, their legs and lungs are so weak that the pigs can barely walk. But when they see space in front of them, some of them start walking for the first time in their lives.

They jump and buck like foals, overjoyed at their first sense of freedom. Then they suddenly collapse and can’t get up. They can only lie there and try to breathe, their bodies racked with pain from the abuse and neglect on the factory farms.

A typical slaughterhouse kills up to 1,100 pigs per hour. The sheer number of animals killed makes a humane, painless death impossible. Due to improper stunning, many pigs are alive when they reach the scalding tank, which is designed to soften their skin and remove their hair.

The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) documented 14 humane slaughter violations at a processing plant where inspectors found pigs “walking and squeaking after being stunned [with a stun gun] up to four times.”

According to one slaughterhouse worker, “there’s no way these animals bleed to death in the few minutes it takes to get up the ramp. When they reach the boiling hot tank, they are still fully conscious and squealing. It happens all the time.”

The best way to end this cruelty is to stop consuming animal products. Order PETA’s free Vegetarian/Vegan Starter Kit and we’ll help you transition to a pet-friendly vegan diet.

Fictional killers

Fictional Character

Anton Chigurh ( ) is a fictional character and the main antagonist of Cormac McCarthy’s novel No Country for Old Men. He is portrayed by Javier Bardem in the film adaptation of the same name.

Bardem’s performance as Chigurh was widely acclaimed by film critics – he won an Academy Award, a Golden Globe Award and a British Academy Film Award for the role. Other accolades include Chigurh’s presence on numerous lists of the greatest villains, most notably Empire Magazine’s list of the 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, where he ranked number 44, and being named Most Realistic Depiction of a Psychopath by an Independent Psychologists Group in the Journal of Forensic Sciences.[1]

Character overview[ edit ]

Chigurh is a killer with no conscience, no regrets, no compassion. He is described by Carson Wells, a central character in the novel, as a “psychopathic killer” in his thirties with dark complexion and eyes “blue as lapis […] [like wet stones]”. other characters describe Chigurh’s facial features as “exotic looking”. His signature weapon is a bolt gun, which he uses to kill his victims and also doubles as a tool for shooting out door locks. He also carries a Remington 11-87 noise-suppressed semi-automatic shotgun and pistol (as well as a TEC-9 in the film adaptation). In both the novel and film, Chigurh flips a coin to decide the fate of some of his victims.

creation [edit]

The character is an iteration of the “unstoppable evil” archetype commonly found in Cormac McCarthy’s work, although the Coen brothers wanted to avoid one-dimensionality, particularly a comparison to The Terminator. To avoid a sense of identification, the Coens attempted to cast someone “who might have been from Mars”. The brothers introduced the character early in the film in a manner similar to that introduced at the beginning of the 1976 film The Man Who Fell to Earth. Film critic David DuBos described Chigurh as “the modern equivalent of Death in Ingmar Bergman’s 1957 film The Seventh Seal.”[2]

When Joel and Ethan Coen approached Javier Bardem to play Chigurh, he replied, “I don’t drive, I speak bad English and I hate violence.” The Coens replied, “That’s why we called you.” Bardem said he accepted the role because it was his dream to be in a Coen Brothers film.[3]

The Coen brothers got the idea for Chigurh’s hairstyle from a book Tommy Lee Jones had. It featured a 1979 photograph of a man sitting in a brothel’s bar with a very similar hairdo and clothing resembling those worn by Chigurh in the film. Oscar-winning hairstylist Paul LeBlanc designed the hairstyle. The Coens instructed LeBlanc to create a “strange and disturbing” hairstyle. LeBlanc’s style was inspired by the mop tops worn by English warriors in the Crusades and the mod haircuts of the 1960s. Bardem told LeBlanc every morning when he was done that the style helped him settle into the role. Bardem is said to have said he “won’t get laid for two months” because of his haircut.[4]

His background and nationality are not disclosed and are largely open to speculation. When writer Cormac McCarthy visited the set, the actors inquired about Chigurh’s background and the symbolic meaning of his name, which is of Nigerian origin and means ‘the one who brings food’. McCarthy simply replied, “I just thought it was a cool name.”[3]

Role in the plot[edit]

In 1980, Chigurh is hired to recover a bag containing $2.4 million from the scene of a drug deal gone awry in West Texas. He discovers that a local welder named Llewelyn Moss, who happened upon the money while hunting, took it and left town. Chigurh tracks Moss to a motel using a receiver that links to a transponder hidden in his pocket. However, Moss has hidden the money in an air vent, and when he returns to the motel, suspecting (correctly) that someone is in his room, he retrieves the money from the attached vent in a second rented room on the other side of the motel Motel. His original room is occupied by a group of Mexican gangsters sent to ambush him. Entering this room, Chigurh kills the gangsters and looks for the money, but it is nowhere to be found. Moss, meanwhile, fled after hearing the shots.

Chigurh ruthlessly tracks down Moss. The hotel confrontation between Moss and Chigurh plays out very differently in the film than in the novel. In the novel, Chigurh steals the key from a murdered hotel employee and quietly enters Moss’ room, where Moss ambushes him and captures him at gunpoint. Then Moss runs and the chase/shootout begins. As Chigurh and Moss confront each other in the hotel and on the street, they are interrupted by a group of Mexicans who kill Chigurh all of them. In the film, Chigurh picks the lock on the hotel door and wounds Moss. During their subsequent duel, only Moss and Chigurh are shown fighting. the group of Mexicans is not present.

Chigurh finds out that another bounty hunter and former colleague named Carson Wells has been hired to retrieve the money and eliminate him. Chigurh kills Wells, who was trying to make a deal with Moss to give him protection in exchange for the money. Chigurh then intercepts a call from Moss in Wells’ hotel room and offers to spare Moss’ wife if he agrees to give up the money. Moss refuses and vows to track down and kill Chigurh. Chigurh kills the man who hired him and the Mexicans as an act of revenge for not trusting Chigurh to do the job. Moss is eventually killed by Mexican hitmen in an El Paso motel. Moss again hides the money in the vents, unknown to the Mexicans at the time of their ambush. After the police leave, Chigurh shows up, takes the money out of the chute and returns it to the investor.

Moss’ widow returns home after her mother’s funeral to find Chigurh waiting for her. After hearing her pleas for mercy, he asks her to risk her life on a coin toss. In the book she names heads; it comes tails and he shoots and kills them. In the film adaptation, she refuses to announce the toss, saying, “The coin has no say. It’s just you.” The film then cuts to a shot of Chigurh leaving the house and examining the soles of his boots for blood, suggesting he killed her. Driving away from her home, Chigurh is badly injured in a car accident, sustaining a compound fracture of his left ulna and walking away with a limp. At the scene of the accident, before authorities arrive, he offers a teenager on a bicycle $100 to give him his shirt to bandage his wounds and use as a sling for his now broken arm. Chigurh then flees the scene before the ambulance arrives.

personality [edit]

Chigurh is a violent psychopath who kills without compassion or remorse but always with care. He is described as having his own twisted morals. While he doesn’t kill for no reason, his reasons are sometimes abstract and typically selfish (e.g. murdering someone just to take their vehicle). He sees himself as the hand of fate; an instrument that determines what should be done with those whom he deems responsible. He gives many of his victims a chance to survive by making deals, either personally or by tossing coins to make decisions. He is incredibly unsettled when one of his victims points out that the coin has no say in his murders, suggesting that his means of avoiding responsibility and hiding pleasure in murder are a facade. He is depicted as having great pain endurance e.g. B. is able to withstand pain from multiple shotgun blasts or from a broken arm.

Chigurh kills or attempts to kill almost every person he meets in the film. The only people he spares are the gas station owner (who correctly guesses Chigurh’s coin toss), the woman in the trailer office (when Chigurh hears a toilet flush in a nearby room), the woman at the motel’s front desk, Sheriff Ed Tom Bell during Bells nightly inspection of the motel room where Moss died and the two children riding bikes who give Chigurh one of their shirts after his accident. [5]

Analysis [edit]

Chigurh’s portrayal as a seemingly inhuman foreign antagonist is intended to reflect fears of the post-9/11 era.[6] Much of McCarthy’s work depicts individuals in conflict with society, acting more on instinct than on feelings or thoughts.[7]

Reception [edit]

Critics have praised Bardem’s portrayal of Chigurh, for which he received an Academy Award, a Golden Globe and a BAFTA. Chigurh, played by Bardem, has been included in numerous lists of the greatest movie villains.[8]

Yale professor Harold Bloom identified Chigurh as No Country for Old Men’s major weakness, saying “has none of the legitimacy or greatness that Judge Holden has.”[9]

UGO.com included him in their list of the top 11 “silver screen psychos” and said: “Chigurh is an assassin of small words and an interesting weapon selection – he is a man with no sense of humor. Others may say that he has a distorted sense of principles. One thing most can agree on is that Chigurh is a crazy S.O.B. is – he ruthlessly kills anyone who sets his sights, let alone those who stand in his way. And apparently the only way to survive an escape is – the man has a 50/50 chance of flipping a coin, but dear God, don’t question his motives, it just seems to irritate him even more.”[10]

Empire.com ranked him #46 on its list of the 100 Greatest Movie Characters of All Time, praising the look on his face when he’s strangling a police officer with his own handcuffs and “when American writer Cormac McCarthy is about to throw a dark character at you.” , it’s a safe bet you won’t be able to get them out of your head for a good, long time – if ever. One of his best is Chigurh, and between the Coens and Bardem they’ve never missed one. With the kind of unholy relentlessness usually reserved for horror icons, the hired killer has an almost supernatural ability to track down his prey and is fairly short in the mercy department who prefers to leave tough decisions to a coin toss. And that bowl cut is absolutely terrifying.”[11]

In popular culture[edit]

Chigurh was well received after the theatrical release of No Country for Old Men and has been parodied in other media, mainly as a parody of the film’s most memorable scenes. Ike Barinholtz plays Anton Chigurh in the spoof film Disaster Movie while Carlos Areces plays Anton Chigurh in the spoof film Spanish Movie. The British comedy series Benidorm also parodied the character in the 2009 special.

The Simpsons episode “Waverly Hills, 9-0-2-1-D’oh” spoofed Chigurh as the town inspector for Waverly Hills, while the episode “Daddicus Finch” featured the character Nelson Muntz playing a Chigurh-like character during a school play portrayed .

A parody titled There Will Be Milkshakes for Old Men was featured in Episode 5 of Season 33 of NBC’s Saturday Night Live which aired February 23, 2008. Fred Armisen stars as Anton Chigurh, complete with captive bolt pistol and pageboy haircut. Imitation of his famous gas station scene.[12][13] The same Saturday Night Live episode also contained a parody of No Country for Old Men entitled Grandkids in the Movies. Professional wrestler Chris Jericho has stated that the heel version of his character, which debuted in 2008, was directly inspired by Anton Chigurh’s calm, indomitable demeanor.

In the Bob’s Burgers animated series, Louise dresses up as a chigurh for Halloween in the episode “The Wolf of Wharf Street”.

Kevin James spoofed Chigurh in the short film No Country for Sound Guy which was released on July 17, 2020.[16]

References[edit]

Device for stunning animals before slaughter

bolt gun

Modern bolt gun

A captive bolt (also known as a cattle gun, stunbolt gun, bolt gun, or stunner) is a device used to stun animals prior to slaughter.

The goal of captive bolt stunning is to deliver a powerful blow to the forehead with the bolt to induce unconsciousness. In the non-penetrating boltgun variant, the bolt may or may not destroy part of the brain, while brain tissue is always destroyed with the penetrating boltgun.

The bolt consists of a heavy rod made of corrosion-resistant alloys, such as stainless steel. It is held in position in the course of the stunning device by rubber washers. The bolt is not usually visible on a stunner in good condition. The bolt is operated by a trigger and propelled forward by compressed air, a spring mechanism, or by the discharge of a blank cartridge ignited by a firing pin. After a shallow but forceful blow to the animal’s forehead, the spring tension causes the bolt to snap back into the barrel.

The captive bolt pistol was invented in 1903 by Hugo Heiss, former director of a slaughterhouse in Straubing, Germany.[1]

Variations [edit]

There are three types of captive bolt guns: penetrating, non-penetrating, and free bolt. The use of penetrating captive bolts has largely been phased out in commercial situations to minimize the risk of disease transmission.

In the penetration type, the stunner uses a pointed bolt powered by compressed air, a spring mechanism, or a blank cartridge. The bolt enters the animal’s skull, penetrating the skull and catastrophically damaging the cerebrum and part of the cerebellum. A concussion causes the destruction of vital centers of the brain and an increase in intracranial pressure, causing the animal to lose consciousness. This method is currently the most effective type of stunning as it physically destroys the brain matter (increasing the likelihood of a successful stunning) but also leaves the brainstem intact, ensuring the heart continues to pump during bleeding.[2] A disadvantage of this method is that brain material can enter the bloodstream, potentially contaminating other tissues with bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE, commonly known as mad cow disease).[3]

A bolt gun

The action of a non-penetrating stunner is similar, but the bolt is blunt with a mushroom-shaped tip. The bolt hits the forehead with great force and immediately retreats. The subsequent concussion is responsible for the animal’s unconsciousness. This type of stunning device is less reliable than penetration devices in causing instantaneous unconsciousness; However, due to concerns about mad cow disease, it has regained popularity. [citation needed] In the European Union, this captive bolt design is required for the slaughter of animals used in pharmaceutical manufacturing.[4]

The free captive bolt gun is used for emergency field euthanasia of large farm animals that cannot be tamed. It differs from a true captive bolt gun in that the projectile is non-retractable. It works similar to a powder-actuated nail gun or a conventional firearm. The device can only fire when pressed firmly against a surface (usually the animal’s forehead), and fires a small projectile through the animal’s skull. The vet can then either let the animal die from the gunshot wound or administer lethal drugs.

Use [edit]

In cattle, goats, sheep, rabbits and horses[5], inadequate stunning with a penetrating stunning device can largely be attributed to incorrect positioning.[2] Captive bolts allow meat scraps to be recovered from the head. At some veal plants, a non-penetrating concussion stunner is used to preserve the brain for further processing.

Captive bolt guns are safer to use in most red meat butchering situations. There is no risk of ricochets or rollovers like with normal firearms.

The cartridges typically use 2 to 3 grains (130 to 190 mg) of smokeless powder, but can use up to 7 grains (450 mg) in large animals such as bulls. The speed of the bolt is typically 55 meters per second (180 ft/s) for small animals and 75 meters per second (250 ft/s) for large animals.

Use for murder[ edit ]

There have been a number of instances where a captive bolt gun has been used for homicide, including:

A 46-year-old German man with a history of alcohol abuse and aggressive behavior killed his wife. [6]

An English butcher killed a woman with two shots in the chest.[7]

In fiction[edit]

After stunning, the animals are usually suspended by a hind leg and moved down a conveyor line for the slaughter procedures. They are typically drained of blood by inserting a knife into the chest cavity and severing the carotid artery and jugular vein (a process called piercing or exsanguination). This method allows for maximum blood extraction from the body. At this point in the process, slaughter procedures begin to differ by species.

Pigs are usually stunned with electrical means or CO 2 gas. Mechanical stunning is not generally used on pigs as it can cause serious meat quality problems, including blood spatter (small, visible bleeding in muscle tissue) in lean and PSE meat.

Pigs are one of the few domesticated livestock where the skin remains on the carcass after the slaughter process. Therefore, after bleeding, the carcasses undergo an extensive cleaning process. First, they’re placed in a scalding tank of water between 57 and 63 °C (135 and 145 °F) for about five minutes to loosen hair and remove dirt and other materials (called scabs) from the skin. The carcasses are then placed in a hair removal machine, which uses rubber paddles to remove the loosened hair. After depilation, the carcasses are hung from a rail with hooks passed through the gambrel tendons on the hind legs, and any remaining hair is shaved and singed from the skin.

There is an exception to this procedure in certain specialized pig slaughterhouses, e.g. B. Whole pig sausage slaughterhouses. In the production of Whole Pork Sausage, all of the skeletal meat is trimmed from the carcass and therefore the carcass is routinely skinned after bleeding.

After cleaning and depilating, the heads are removed and the carcasses are opened through a straight incision down the center of the abdomen to reveal the viscera (the digestive system including the liver, stomach, bladder and intestines and the reproductive organs), the interior (the contents of the breasts including the heart and lungs). ), kidneys and associated fat (called leaf fat). The casings are washed and cleaned to serve as natural casings for sausages. The carcasses are then split down the center of the spine into two ‘sides’ which are placed in a cool box (known as a ‘hot box’) for about 24 hours before being processed into meat cuts.

“Stunning” before slaughter is a legal requirement in many countries, including Australia. It is designed to induce unconsciousness so that the slaughter can be carried out without fear, anxiety, pain, suffering or distress. The most common methods of stunning pigs are electrical stunning and exposure to high concentrations of carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) gas.

CO 2 gas stunning offers advantages over electrical stunning, including the ability to stun animals in groups with minimal restraint, less handling and therefore potentially less stress prior to stunning. There is also less confidence in the abilities of those operating the equipment.

What are the welfare benefits of group stunning?

Carbon dioxide stunning is one of the few commercial stunning methods that allows pigs to be treated and stunned in groups rather than having to treat, restrain and stun them individually. Unlike cattle and sheep, pigs do not have the natural instinct to walk in single file. Therefore, stunning systems using single-row breeds, such as electric and single-row carbon dioxide stunning systems, often require excessive force and coercion to move pigs. With the added excitability of pigs in a new environment such as a slaughterhouse, handling problems in individual races increase, often resulting in the regular use of handling aids, including electric prods [1].

Group stunning allows pigs to stay and move in small groups, better mimicking the natural movement behavior of pigs. This minimizes the need for handling aids when transporting pigs and eliminates the need to hold individual pigs prior to stunning.

What animal welfare issues are there with carbon dioxide stunning?

With commercial CO 2 stunning, pigs are exposed to high concentrations of CO 2 (>80% by volume in air) which leads to gradual unconsciousness. Recent studies have revealed a number of animal welfare issues when stunning with high concentration CO 2 . These include that [2, 3]:

Concentrations >30% are very aversive (very uncomfortable, painful) for pigs.

There are variations in the responses of pigs to CO 2

Pigs do not immediately become unconscious

High levels of CO 2 gas can cause significant pain and distress in pigs when inhaled (due to acute respiratory distress, i.e. difficulty breathing).

Studies on pig behavior have shown that most pigs avoid high concentrations of CO 2 gas if possible and that almost 90% of pigs prefer to go without water for 72 hours than to be exposed to CO 2 gas [4] .

What is the RSPCA’s position on carbon dioxide stunning?

The RSPCA recommends that stunning/killing of pigs with high CO 2 concentrations be phased out and replaced with a more humane alternative. Further research is urgently needed to develop stunning systems that retain the advantages of group CO 2 stunning while minimizing the disadvantages. There is evidence that possible alternatives to explore may include:

non-aversive gas mixtures such as argon, nitrogen or nitrous oxide

a combination of argon with CO 2

Stunning with non-aversive gases followed by killing by CO 2 or electrical methods

or electrical methods genetic selection for pigs that do not perceive CO 2 as aversive.

For more information see: Model Code of Practice for the Welfare of Animals: Livestock at Slaughtering Establishments