How To Be Single Dvd Cover? The 128 Correct Answer

You can create and print disc labels on discs such as CDs and DVDs.

This section explains how to create the following disc label as an example.

Select the folder where you saved the photos.

Select the photo.

Review the selected photo, and then click Select Frame.

Click CD/DVD.

Select the frame.

Click Edit & Print.

Click on the photo that will be automatically inserted into the frame.

Select photos from the photo list on the left, then replace the photos in the frame. Note: If you click Add Photos, you can replace photos in the frame with photos that are not in the list without returning to the home screen.

Click on the photo in the frame and then drag to adjust the position. You can also use the buttons at the top of the screen to zoom in, out, and rotate photos.

Click Inside/Outside.

Set the Inner Diameter and Outer Diameter to match the disc’s printable surface, then click OK. Note: You can adjust the print start position in Adjust Print Position.

Click on the photo in the frame and then drag to adjust the position. You can also use the buttons at the top of the screen to zoom in, out, and rotate photos.

Click the photo in the frame, then click Color Matching.

Adjust the level of correction and brightness, etc., and then click OK.

Click on the gray area outside the frame to deselect the photo.

click .

Select the image you want to add, and then click Open.

Select sewing pattern and then click OK. Note: You can adjust the crop area by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the photo.

Click on the added image to adjust position and size. Follow the same steps to add more images. Note: Double-click the added item to return to the Crop screen, and then change the crop pattern.

You can adjust the size by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the photo.

You can also rotate items by dragging the (handle) at the top of the item.

click .

Select the stamp you want to add, then click Open.

Click on the added stamp to adjust position and size. Note: You can adjust the size by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the photo.

You can also rotate items by dragging the (handle) at the top of the item.

click .

Enter the text in Enter text.

Edit using the font, size, color, etc. buttons at the top of the screen, then click OK.

Adjust the position and size of the added text. Follow the same steps to add more text. Note: Double-click the added text to return to the Enter Text screen, and then edit the text.

You can adjust the size by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the element.

You can also rotate items by dragging the (handle) at the top of the item.

Make print settings.

Type of optical disc packaging

Black standard holding case

A storage sleeve, or polybox, is a type of packaging most commonly used for DVDs (and sometimes CDs).

In addition to DVD video movies, storage cases have been prevalent on most disc-based video games since the PlayStation 2, and can also be found on many PC titles and MP3 CD audiobooks (all using discs that have the same basic dimensions as a DVD ).

Products using Keep Cases [ edit ]

The first products to be released in storage cases were VHS tapes, although most were housed in less expensive pressboard cases. In the days before video games were released on optical media, unlike cardboard boxes, cartridges were rarely packaged in specially designed plastic cases with eyelets inside to hold the instruction manual. Cartridges and cards for the Sega Master System platform were the first video games to be packaged in any storage box. The vast majority of Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games came in a plastic case (about the size of a VHS case), but they were later packaged in chipboard boxes to save money. Before the standard and commonly used DVD case was invented, early CD-ROM based video games like Sega CD and early PlayStation titles often came in a thicker and taller jewel case. They are said to break very easily. Since the PlayStation 2, most console-based video game software has come packaged in some sort of storage box, including Nintendo DS cartridge titles and Sony PSP titles.

^ Greatest Hits games in America are in solid red and Platinum Hits games in Europe are in silver. ^ Greatest Hits games are in solid red.

^ White for DSi only games. Select Mario titles have been red since 2010. ^ Selected Mario games are red.

Structure[edit]

Materials and Properties[edit]

Xbox Keep Case. Lime green version used for most Xbox games

The sleeves are made of soft, clear or colored polypropylene plastic with a transparent polyethylene outer sleeve, usually with a printed paper sleeve behind. Various colors are made including black, white, red and clear. Inside are sets of clips that may contain a booklet or additional sheets of additional information. The DVD is held in place with a small tab (a “hub”) that fits into the hole in the DVD. An additional tab for storing memory cards is available for console games such as PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube.[1]

Types of hubs[edit]

The structural differences between a CD and a DVD have led many manufacturers to explore different hub designs to hold the DVD (or DVDs in multi-disc cases) in place: unlike CDs, which are made of a single layer of plastic consist, DVDs have two layers that are thinner (so that together they reach the same thickness of a CD) and are not glued down to the middle. As a result, a DVD hub is weaker than a CD and can be damaged if stored in a CD-only case.

In addition to “pull-down” hubs (which are often a simple evolution of the classic “toothed crowns”), “push-to-release” hubs are widespread: in this case, the hub is designed to be pushed on simply by pushing its finger components together, shrinking the space it occupies and exposing the disc center; Under normal circumstances, release cannot be accidental and requires someone to push on the hub (this is obviously more difficult to achieve in slim and ultra-thin cases where, in fact, pull-type hubs are preferred over push-types). [citation required]

risk of damage [edit]

The larger size of the storage case compared to the CD jewel box means that if the disc detaches from the center hub, it can move around inside the box and the playable surface can be scratched by the hub. This can pose a problem during shipping.

The center “pluck hubs” are designed to hold a disc in place during transport, but may be too tight for normal home use. Because of this, the disc may be damaged due to excessive deformation when it is removed. However, the edges of the center hub can be permanently bent slightly to allow for a looser fit. Discs can then slide out easily, ideal for the home shelf.[2][3][4]

Physical Dimensions[edit]

case [edit]

The height and width of a (closed) storage case are specified at 190 mm (7.48 in) and 135 mm (5.315 in) respectively.[5] Thickness can vary to accommodate more discs (“multi” case) or to take up less shelf space (“thin” or “thin” case). For a typical single disc case, it’s 15mm.

A storage case therefore approximates the Video Software Dealers Association’s recommendation that a single disc DVD-Video package be the same height as a VHS cassette (187mm) and the same width as a CD case (142mm). should. These dimensions are similar to digest-sized magazines.

paper sleeve [ edit ] [6]): Text and colors are printed on paper/cardboard held between transparent, thin plastic and opaque, thicker plastic. Keep cases with printed sleeves (AKA DVD case liners): Text and colors are printed onto the paper/cardboard held in place between transparent, thin plastic and opaque, thicker plastic.

The printed paper sleeve for a standard DVD case can be printed onto a standard A4 sheet which can be inserted into the outer sleeve after trimming. Paper space on the front and back of the case is 129.5mm × 183mm [citation needed] and backplates are 14mm or less wide. This gives 273mm × 183mm as the resulting maximum overall dimensions for the printout (which is smaller than the 297mm × 210mm of an A4 sheet).

insertions [edit]

Brochure inserts or leaflet material when folded should be a maximum of 120mm × 180mm. This usually includes a digital copy code for a digital locker service or a downloadable content code if included.

Similar, though not identical, packaging is used for commercial Blu-ray Disc titles and has been used for HD DVD titles. However, the case dimensions are slightly different, about 19mm shorter. Each case is colour-coded, with blue for Blu-ray and red for HD-DVD, with the format prominently displayed on a strip above the cover image.

Empty boxes and do-it-yourself [ edit ]

In addition to the industrial uses described above, empty storage cases are available from retail outlets that can be used, for example, to replace broken cases or to hold DVDs containing personal video recordings or data. Common brands are Maxell, Memorex, TDK, Verbatim, NexPak, US Digital Media and Amaray. Some providers, e.g. TDK and Infiniti also sell recordable DVDs individually packaged in storage cases.

See also[edit]

What are the dimensions of DVD Cases / DVD Blu-ray Cases? We’re familiar with DVDs, but few of us know the exact dimensions, in pixels, of a regular DVD case. DVD Talk, VideoHelp, and other forums are flooded with questions about DVD case, DVD case, and Blu-ray case size. “I wanted to check the dimensions of a regular DVD case and couldn’t find the exact dimensions in pixels.”

“Has anyone handy a list of Blu-ray cover dimensions including various spines?” View the list of size and dimensions of different types of DVD cases, DVD cases and CD compact DVDs, e.g.

Copy and burn videos to DVD easily and quickly. Free download WinX DVD Author to burn videos including Video_TS, ISO image, MP4, MKV, FLV, etc. to DVD discs for permanent collection. It helps to reserve the original DVD menu, chapters, subtitles and other information by burning videos to DVD-5/DVD-9. Then you can use a customized DVD cover with the right dimensions and size for your burned DVD collection. Free download for Windows 7 or higher

Part 1. DVD Case Dimensions There are different types of DVD cases, standard DVD cases, slim DVD cases and multiple DVD cases. A standard DVD case holds one to three discs and is made out of one piece of plastic. What size is a standard DVD case? Standard DVD cases are typically 7.48 inches long, 5.31 inches wide, and 0.55 inches thick. Slim DVD cases are the thinner versions. It is used for one or two discs and a thin booklet. Slime DVD cases are 7.48 inches long, 5.31 inches wide and 0.28 inches thick. Multiple DVD cases are a great way to store a DVD collection and contain two or more movies or TV episodes. The dimensions of multi-disc DVD cases vary to accommodate more discs. The height and width of a multiple DVD case are 5.25 inches and 7.5 inches, respectively. Standard DVD case dimensions 190mm x 135mm x 14mm

7.48″ x 5.31″ x 0.55″ Slim DVD Case Dimensions 190mm x 135mm x 7mm

7.48″ x 5.31″ x 0.28″ Multiple DVD Case Dimensions 190.5mm x 133.35mm x 39.11mm

5.25″ x 7.5″ x 1.54″ Physical DVD sizes do not affect how much data a DVD can hold. There are different DVD types like DVD-5, DVD-9, DVD-10 and more. A single-sided and single-layer DVD is 4.7GB in size, while a single-sided and dual-layer DVD can hold up to 8.5GB. For more information on DVD size and capacity, see DVD Size: How Much Data Can Different DVDs Store?

Part 2. DVD Cover Dimensions DVD covers include standard DVD cover, slim DVD cover, US Blu-ray cover and UK Blu-ray cover. The thin DVD case is half the thickness of the standard DVD case. A standard DVD cover is 7.2 inches long and 5.1 inches wide. It is possible to stick a DVD cover on a sheet of A4 paper. Check the size of Standard DVD Case, Slim DVD Case, US Blu-ray Case and UK Blu-ray Case below. Standard DVD case 184mm x 130mm x 14mm

7.2″ x 5.1″ x 0.6″ Slim DVD Cover 184mm x 130mm x 8mm

7.2″ x 5.1″ x 0.4″ US Blu-ray Cover 148mm x 128.5mm x 12mm

5.8″ x 5″ x 0.6″ UK Blu-ray Cover 148mm x 129mm x 14mm

5.8in x 5in x 0.7in

Part 3. CD Case Size The standard CD case measures 5.59 inches x 4.92 inches x 0.39 inches (5.59 inches long, 4.92 inches wide and 0.39 inches deep) and has a volume of 177.5 cm³. A jewel case is a jewel CD case with liner notes and a backing card. The liner notes typically come with a 120 mm x 120 mm (4.72 in x 4.72 in) booklet or a single 242 mm x 120 mm (9.53 in x 4.72 in) sheet that is included in the folded in the middle. The jewel case is occasionally used for DVDs, but not for major film releases. Blank Blu-ray discs are also packaged in standard-width jewel cases. It is worth noting that although the discs are the same size, the dimensions or sizes of CD cases and DVD cases are not the same. Compared to CDs, DVDs have a larger capacity. A standard DVD can hold 4.7 GB. A double-sided, dual-layer DVD has a capacity of up to 17 GB. Look for other differences between CD and DVD.

Optical disc format for storage and playback of digital video and other digital data

This article is about the disc format in general. See DVD-Video for information on the DVD-based video recording format. For the audio storage format, which is also based on DVD, see DVD-Audio . For other uses, see DVD (disambiguation)

The DVD (common acronym for Digital Video Disc or Digital Versatile Disc)[8][9] is a digital data storage format for optical discs invented and developed in 1995 and released in late 1996. Up to 17.08 GB of storage is currently possible[10 ]. The medium can store any type of digital data and was widely used for software and other computer files, as well as video programs viewed on DVD players. DVDs offer a higher storage capacity than CDs with the same dimensions. However, as with CDs, information and data storage will degrade over time, with most standard DVDs lasting up to 30 years depending on the type of environment they are stored in and whether they are loaded with data.[11 ][12]

Prerecorded DVDs are mass-produced using molding machines that physically stamp data onto the DVD. Such discs are a form of DVD-ROM as data can only be read and not written or erased. Writable blank DVDs (DVD-R and DVD+R) can be written to once with a DVD recorder and then function as a DVD-ROM. Rewritable DVDs (DVD-RW, DVD+RW and DVD-RAM) can be written and erased many times.

DVDs are used in DVD-Video consumer digital video format and DVD-Audio consumer digital audio format, and to create DVDs written in a special AVCHD format for recording high-definition material (often associated with AVCHD format camcorders). DVDs that contain other types of information may be referred to as DVD data discs.

Etymology[ edit ]

The Oxford English Dictionary comments: “In 1995, competing manufacturers of what was originally called the Digital Video Disc agreed that the preferred abbreviation DVD should be understood as Digital Versatile Disc to emphasize the format’s flexibility for multimedia applications. The OED also explains that in 1995, “Companies said the format’s official name would be simply DVD. Toshiba had used the name ‘Digital Video Disc’, but that was changed to ‘Digital Versatile Disc’ after computer companies figured it out had complained it skipped their applications.”[13]

“Digital Versatile Disc” is the statement given in a 2000 DVD Forum primer[14] and in the DVD Forum mission statement[15].

history [edit]

Development and launch[ edit ]

* Some CD-R(W) and DVD-R(W)/DVD+R(W) recorders compare multiple forms of disk storage and display tracks (tracks not to scale); Green is start and red is end.* Some CD-R(W) and DVD-R(W)/DVD+R(W) recorders work in ZCLV-CAA or CAV mode, but most in mode with constant linear velocity (CLV). .

Before DVD, several formats were developed for recording video on optical discs. Optical recording technology was invented by David Paul Gregg and James Russell in 1963 and first patented in 1968. A consumer optical disc data format known as LaserDisc was developed in the United States and first commercialized in December 1978 in Atlanta, Georgia. It used much larger discs than the later formats. Due to the high cost of players and discs, consumer acceptance of the LaserDisc was very low in both North America and Europe, and it did not see widespread adoption outside of Japan and the more affluent areas of Southeast Asia such as Hong Kong, Singapore, Malaysia and Taiwan. [citation required]

CD Video was released in 1987 and used analog video encoding on optical discs, which conformed to the established standard 120 mm (4.7 in) size of audio CDs. Video CD (VCD) became one of the first formats for the distribution of digitally encoded motion pictures in this format in 1993.[16] In the same year, two new storage formats for optical disks were developed. One was the Multimedia Compact Disc (MMCD) supported by Philips and Sony (developers of the CD and CD-i) and the other was the Super Density (SD) Disc supported by Toshiba, Time Warner, Matsushita Electric, Hitachi, Mitsubishi Electric, Pioneer, Thomson and JVC. By the time press was released for both formats in January 1995, the MMCD nomenclature had been dropped and Philips and Sony were referring to their Digital Video Disc (DVD) format.[17][18] The Super Density logo was later reused in Secure Digital. [citation required]

Representatives of the SD camp sought advice from IBM regarding the file system to use for their disc and asked for support for their format for storing computer data. Alan E. Bell, a researcher at IBM’s Almaden Research Center, received this request and also learned about the MMCD development project. Fearing a repeat of the costly videotape format war between VHS and Betamax in the 1980s, he convened a group of computer industry experts including representatives from Apple, Microsoft, Sun Microsystems, Dell and many others. This group was called the Technical Working Group or TWG.

On May 3, 1995, an ad hoc group formed by five computer companies (IBM, Apple, Compaq, Hewlett-Packard, and Microsoft) issued a press release stating that they would only accept a single format.[19][ 20] The TWG voted to boycott both formats unless the two camps agreed on a single, converged standard. They recruited Lou Gerstner, President of IBM, to put pressure on the leaders of the opposing factions. In a significant compromise, the MMCD and SD groups agreed to accept Proposal SD 9, which specified that both layers of the two-layer disc should be read from the same side – instead of Proposal SD 10, which would have created a two-sided disc for users would have to turn around.[21] As a result, the DVD specification specified a storage capacity of 4.7 GB (4.38 GiB)[22] for a single-layer, single-sided disc and 8.5 GB (7.92 GiB) for a dual-layer, single-sided disc.[ 21] The DVD specification was similar to Toshiba and Matsushita’s Super Density Disc, except for the dual-layer option (MMCD was single-sided and optional dual-layer, while SD was two half-thickness single-layer discs pressed separately and then glued together to form a double-sided disc[18]) and EFMPlus modulation designed by Kees Schouhamer Immink. [citation required]

Philips and Sony decided that it was in their best interest to end the format war and on September 15, 1995[23] they agreed to join forces with companies that support the Super Density Disc to create a single format using technologies from bring out both. After further compromises between MMCD and SD, the computer companies won through TWG and settled on a single format. The TWG also worked with the Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA) in using their implementation of the ISO 13346 file system (known as Universal Disk Format) for use on the new DVDs. The details of the format were finalized on December 8, 1995.[24] Shortly after the format’s completion, discussions began in mid-December 1995 about how the format could be distributed at retail.

In November 1995, Samsung announced that it would begin mass production of DVDs by September 1996.[25] The format launched on November 1, 1996 in Japan, mostly with music video releases only. Warner Home Video’s first major releases arrived on December 20, 1996, with four titles available. [a] [4] US release of the format was delayed several times, from August 1996 to October 27] November 1996,[28] before finally committing to early 1997.[29] The players were produced domestically that winter, with March 24, 1997 being the US start date of the actual format in seven test markets. [b] [30] About 32 titles were available on launch day, mostly from Warner, MGM, and New Line libraries.[31][c] However, the launch was scheduled for the following day (March 25), resulting in a Distribution change at retailers and studios to prevent similar sell-by date violations.[32] The format was rolled out nationwide on August 22, 1997.[33] [Better source needed]

DTS announced in late 1997 that they were coming up with the format. The sound systems company revealed details in an online interview in November 1997 and clarified that it would be releasing discs in early 1998.[34] However, that date was pushed back several times before finally their first titles were released at the 1999 Consumer Electronics Show.[35] [Better source needed]

In 2001, blank writable DVDs cost the equivalent of $27.34 in 2022.[36][37]

adoption [edit]

Movie and home entertainment distributors adopted the DVD format to replace the ubiquitous VHS tape as the primary consumer video distribution format. They welcomed DVD because it produced higher quality video and sound, offered superior data endurance, and could be interactive. [citation needed] Interactivity on LaserDiscs had proven desirable to consumers, particularly collectors. As LaserDisc retail prices dropped from about $100 per disc to $20 per disc, this luxury feature became available for mass consumption. At the same time, the film studios decided to switch their home entertainment release model from a rental model to a purchase model, and large volumes of DVDs were sold.

At the same time, there was a demand for interactive design talent and services. Movies in the past had uniquely designed title sequences. Suddenly, every film released required information architecture and interactive design components that matched the tone of the film and were at the level of quality that Hollywood demanded for its product.

DVD as a format at the time had two qualities not available in any other interactive medium: sufficient capacity and speed to provide high-quality, full-motion video and sound, and an inexpensive delivery mechanism provided by consumer goods retailers. Retailers would quickly move to retailing their players for under $200 and eventually for under $50. In addition, the medium itself was small enough and light enough to be mailed using general first-class postage. Almost overnight, this created a new business opportunity and model for business innovators to reinvent the home entertainment distribution model. It also gave companies a cost-effective way to deliver business and product information through full-motion video via direct mail.[citation needed]

Immediately after the formal adoption of a unified standard for DVD, two of the top four video game console manufacturers (Sega and The 3DO Company) announced that they already had plans to design a game console using DVDs as the source medium.[39] Sony stated at the time that although they were one of the developers of the DVD format and eventually the first company to actually release a DVD-based console, they had no plans to use DVDs in their gaming systems.[39] Gaming consoles such as PlayStation 2, Xbox, and Xbox 360 use DVDs as the source media for games and other software. Contemporary games for Windows were also distributed on DVD. Early DVDs were mastered with DLT tape,[40] but the use of DVD-R DL or +R DL eventually became common.[41] TV-DVD combos combining a standard definition CRT television or HD flat screen TV with a DVD mechanism under the CRT or on the back of the flat screen, and VCR/DVD combos were also available.

For consumers, DVD soon replaced VHS as the preferred choice for home theater releases. In 2001, DVD players began selling VCRs in the United States. At that time, every fourth American household owned a DVD player.[43] By 2007, about 80% of Americans owned a DVD player, a number that had surpassed VCRs and was also higher than personal computers or cable television.[44]

Specifications [ edit ]

The DVD specifications created and updated by the DVD Forum are published as so-called DVD books (e.g. DVD-ROM book, DVD-Audio book, DVD-Video book, DVD-R book, DVD-RW -Book, DVD-RAM Book, DVD-AR (Audio Recording) Book, DVD-VR (Video Recording) Book, etc.).[1][2][3] DVDs consist of two discs; usually one is empty and the other contains data. Each disc is 0.6mm thick and is glued together to form a DVD disc. The gluing process must be done carefully to make the disc as flat as possible to avoid both birefringence and “disc tilt” which means the disc is not perfectly flat and cannot be read.

Some specifications for mechanical, physical and optical properties of optical DVD discs can be downloaded from the ISO website as freely available standards.[47] There are also equivalent European Computer Manufacturers Association (ECMA) standards for some of these specifications, such as Ecma-267 for DVD-ROMs.[48] In addition, the DVD+RW Alliance publishes competing recordable DVD specifications such as DVD+R, DVD+R DL, DVD+RW or DVD+RW DL. These DVD formats are also ISO standards.[49][50][51][52]

Some DVD specifications (e.g. for DVD-Video) are not publicly available and can only be obtained from DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation (DVD FLLC) for a fee of US$5000.[54] Each subscriber must sign a non-disclosure agreement as certain information on the DVD books is proprietary and confidential. In addition, the DVD6C patent pool holds patents used by DVD drives and discs.[citation needed]

DVD capacity is commonly expressed in gigabytes (GB), with the decimal definition of this term being 1GB = 109 bytes.

Discs with multiple layers [ edit ]

Like other optical disc formats before it, a plain DVD disc – known as DVD-5 in the DVD books while referred to as Type A in the ISO standard – contains a single layer of data that is readable from one side only. However, the DVD format also includes specifications for three types of discs with additional recorded layers, expanding disc data capacity beyond DVD-5’s 4.7 GB while maintaining the same physical disc size.

Double-sided discs [ edit ]

Borrowing from the LaserDisc format, the DVD standard includes DVD-10 discs (Type B in ISO) with two layers of data recorded, so only one layer is accessible from each side of the disc. This doubles the total nominal capacity of a DVD-10 disc to 9.4 GB (8.75 GiB), but each side is locked to 4.7 GB. Like DVD-5 discs, DVD-10 discs are defined as single layer (SL) discs.[47]

Double-sided discs identify the sides as A and B. The disc structure lacks the dummy layer on which identification labels are printed on single-sided discs, so information such as title and side is printed on one or both sides of the clamp with no data zone in the middle the disc. [citation required]

DVD-10 discs fell out of favor because, unlike dual-layer discs, they required manual flipping by the user to access all of the content (a relatively egregious scenario for DVD movies), while offering only a negligible capacity advantage . Additionally, without a non-data page, they proved more difficult to handle and store.

Dual layer discs [ edit ]

Dual-layer discs also use a second recorded layer, but both are readable from the same side (and unreadable from the other). These DVD-9 discs (Type C in ISO) almost double the capacity of DVD-5 discs to a nominal 8.5 GB, but fall below the total capacity of DVD-10 discs due to differences in the physical data structure of the additional recorded layer. disk . However, the advantage of not having to flip the disc to access the full recorded data – allowing for a near-contiguous experience for A/V content larger than the capacity of a single layer – proved to be a cheaper option for mass-produced DVD -Movies. [citation required]

DVD hardware accesses the additional layer (Layer 1) by refocusing the laser through an otherwise normally placed, semi-transparent first layer (Layer 0). This laser refocusing—and the subsequent time it takes to reacquire laser tracking—can cause a noticeable pause in A/V playback on older DVD players, the length of which varies depending on the hardware.[55] A printed message declaring that the shift transition pause was not a malfunction became standard on DVD storage cases. During mastering, a studio could make the transition less obvious by timing it just before a camera angle change or other abrupt shift, an early example of this being the DVD release of Toy Story.[56] Later in the format’s life, larger data buffers and faster optical pickups in DVD players effectively made layer transitions invisible, regardless of mastering.

Dual-layer DVDs are recorded with Opposite Track Path (OTP).[57] Most dual-layer discs are mastered with layer 0, which begins at the inner diameter and continues outwards—as is the case with most optical media, regardless of the number of layers—while layer 1 begins at the absolute outer diameter and progresses inward. Additionally, data tracks are spiral so the disk rotates in the same direction to read both layers. DVD-Video DL discs can be mastered a little differently: a single media stream can be split between the layers so that layer 1 starts with the same diameter as layer 0 ends. This modification reduces the visible slice transition pause as the laser stays in place after refocusing instead of wasting additional time to traverse the remaining disc diameter.

DVD-9 was the first commercially successful implementation of such technology.[When?][citation needed][citation needed]

Combinations of the above[ edit ]

DVD-18 discs (Type D in ISO) effectively combine the DVD-9 and DVD-10 disc types by containing four recorded layers of data (assigned as two sets of layers 0 and 1), so only one layer set of Both sides of the disc is accessible. These discs offer a total nominal capacity of 17.0 GB with 8.5 GB per side. This format was originally used for television series released on DVD (such as the early releases of Miami Vice and Quantum Leap), but was eventually abandoned in favor of single-sided discs for reissues.

The DVD book also allows for an additional disc type called DVD-14: a hybrid double-sided disc with a dual-layer side, a single-layer side, and a total nominal capacity of 12.3 GB.[58] DVD-14 has no counterpart in ISO.[47]

These two additional disc types are extremely rare due to their complicated and expensive production.[58]

Note: The disc type sections above refer to 12 cm discs. The same disc types exist for 8 cm discs: ISO standards still consider these discs as types A–D, while the DVD book assigns them different disc types. DVD-14 does not have an 8 cm analog type. Comparative data for 8 cm discs is below.

DVD writable and rewritable [ edit ]

Sony Rewritable DVD

A DVD burner drive for a PC

HP originally developed writable DVD media out of a need to store data for backup and transportation.[59] [failed verification] Recordable DVDs are now also being used for consumer audio and video recordings. Three formats have been developed: DVD-R/RW, DVD+R/RW (plus) and DVD-RAM. DVD-R is available in two formats, General (650nm) and Authoring (635nm), whereby authoring discs can be recorded with CSS-encoded video content, but general discs cannot.[60]

Although most current DVD burners can write in both DVD+R/RW and DVD-R/RW format (usually denoted by “DVD±RW” or the presence of both the DVD Forum logo and the DVD +RW Alliance logos), the “plus” and “dash” formats use different writing specifications. Most DVD players will play both types of discs, although older models may have problems with the “Plus” varieties.

Some early DVD players corrupted DVD±R/RW/DL when trying to read them.

The spiral groove shape that makes up the structure of a recordable DVD encodes immutable identification data known as the Media Identification Code (MID). The MID includes data such as make and model, byte capacity, allowable data rates (aka speed), etc. [citation needed]

Dual layer recording[edit]

Dual-layer recording (sometimes referred to as double-layer recording) allows DVD-R and DVD+R discs to store almost twice as much data as a single-layer disc – 8.5 and 4, respectively .7 gigabytes of capacity.[61] The extra capacity comes at a price: DVD±DLs have slower write speeds compared to DVD±R. [citation needed] DVD-R DL was developed by Pioneer Corporation for DVD Forum; DVD+R DL was developed for the DVD+RW Alliance by Mitsubishi Kagaku Media (MKM) and Philips.[62]

Recordable DVDs that support dual-layer technology are backward compatible with some hardware that predates the recordable media.[62] Many current DVD recorders support dual layer technology, and although the cost has become comparable to single layer burners over time, blank dual layer media has remained more expensive than single layer media.

Capacity [ edit ]

The basic DVD types (12 cm diameter, single-sided or homogeneously double-sided) are denoted with a rough approximation of their capacity in gigabytes. In draft versions of the specification, DVD-5 actually contained five gigabytes, but some parameters were later changed as explained above, so the capacity decreased. Other formats, those 8 cm in diameter and hybrid variants, were given similar numerical names with even greater variation.

The 12cm type is a standard DVD and the 8cm type is known as MiniDVD. These are the same sizes as a standard CD and mini CD respectively. The capacity by surface area (MiB/cm2) varies from 6.92 MiB/cm2 for DVD-1 to 18.0 MB/cm2 for DVD-18. [Clarification required]

Each DVD sector contains 2,418 bytes of data, of which 2,048 bytes are user data. There is a slight difference in storage space between the + and – (hyphen) formats: [citation needed]

Scanning a DVD-R; the “a” section was recorded while the “b” section was not. It can be less obvious with CD-Rs and BD-Rs

Capacity and nomenclature[63][64]

SS = single sided, DS = double sided, SL = single ply, DL = double ply Description Sides plies

(overall) diameter

(cm) Capacity (GB) DVD-1[65] SS SL 1 1 8 1.46 DVD-2 SS DL 1 2 8 2.65 DVD-3 DS SL 2 2 8 2.92 DVD-4 DS DL 2 4 8 5.31 DVD-5 SS SL 1 1 12 4.70 DVD-9 SS DL 1 2 12 8.54 DVD-10 DS SL 2 2 12 9.40 DVD-14[58] DS SL+DL 2 3 12 13.24 DVD-18 DS DL 2 4 12 08/17

All sizes are expressed in the decimal sense (i.e. 1 gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes, etc.).

Size comparison: a 12 cm DVD+RW and a 19 cm pencil

DVD-RW drive in operation (performing a burn (write) operation) with protective cover removed

Capacity and nomenclature of (re)writable discs Description Sides Layers

(overall) diameter

(cm) Capacity (GB) DVD-R SS SL (1.0) 1 1 12 3.95 DVD-R SS SL (2.0) 1 1 12 4.70 DVD-RW SS SL 1 1 12 4.70 DVD+R SS SL 1 1 12 4.70 DVD +RW SS SL 1 1 12 4.70 DVD-R SS DL 1 2 12 8.50 DVD-RW SS DL 1 2 12 8.54 DVD+R SS DL 1 2 12 8.54 DVD+RW SS DL 1 2 12 8.54 DVD-RAM SS SL 1 1 8 1.46* DVD-RAM DS SL 2 1 8 2.47* DVD-RAM SS SL (1.0) 1 1 12 2.58 DVD-RAM SS SL (2.0) 1 1 12 4.70 DVD-RAM DS SL (1.0) 2 1 12 5.15 DVD-RAM DS SL (2.0) 2 1 12 9 ,39*

All sizes are expressed in the decimal sense (i.e. 1 gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes, etc.).

Capacity differences of writable DVD formats Type Sectors Bytes kB MB GB DVD-R SL 2,298,496 4,707,319,808 4,707,320 4,707 4.7 DVD+R SL 2,295,104 4,700,372,992 4,700,373 4,700 4.7 DVD-R DL 4,171,712 8,543,666,176 8,543,666 8,544 8.5 DVD+R DL 4,173,824 8,547,991,552 8,547,992 8,548 8.5

All sizes are expressed in their decimal sense (i.e. 1 gigabyte = 1,000,000,000 bytes, etc.).

DVD drives and players [ edit ]

DVD drives are devices that can read DVDs on a computer. DVD players are a specific type of device that does not require a computer to operate and can read DVD-Video and DVD-Audio discs.

Lasers and optics [ edit ]

Comparison of different optical storage media

All three major optical disc media (compact disc, DVD, and Blu-ray) use light from laser diodes for its spectral purity and ability to be precisely focused. DVD uses light with a wavelength of 650 nm (red) as opposed to 780 nm (dark red, commonly referred to as infrared) for CDs. This shorter wavelength allows for a smaller pit on the media surface compared to CDs (0.74 µm for DVD vs. 1.6 µm for CD), which is partly responsible for the increased storage capacity of DVDs.

In comparison, Blu-ray Disc, the successor to the DVD format, uses a wavelength of 405 nm (purple) and a dual-layer disc has a storage capacity of 50 GB.

Transmission rates[ edit ]

Internal mechanism of a DVD-ROM drive. See text for details.

Read and write speeds for the first DVD drives and players were 1,385 kB/s (1,353 KiB/s); This speed is usually referred to as “1×”. Newer models have 18 or 20 times the speed with 18× or 20×. Note that for CD drives, 1× means 153.6 kB/s (150 KiB/s), about a ninth as fast.[65][66]

DVD Drive Speeds Drive Speed ​​(not revolutions) Data Rate ~Write Time (minutes)[67] revolutions per minute (Constant Linear Velocity, CLV)[68][69][d] Mbps MB/s Single-Layer Dual-Layer 1× 11 1.4 57 103 1400 (inside) 580 (outside)[66] 2× 22 2.8 28 51 2800 (inside) 1160 (outside) 2.4× 27 3.3 24 43 3360 (inside) 1392 (outside) 2.6× 29 3.6 22 40 3640 (inside) 1508 (outside) 3× 33 4.1 19 34 4200 (inside) 2320 (outside) 4× 44 5.5 14 26 5600 (inside) 2900 (outside) 6× 67 8.3 9 17 8400 (inside) 3480 (outside) 8× 89 11.1 7 13 4640 (CAV; no longer uses pure CLV) 10× 111 13.9 6 10 5800 12× 133 16.6 5 9 6960 16× 177 22.2 4 6 9280 18× 199 24.9 3 6 10440 2 0× 10440 2 3 5 11600 22× 244 30.5 3 5 12760 24× 266 33.2 2 4 13920

DVDs can spin at much faster speeds than CDs – DVDs can spin at up to 32,000 RPM versus 23,000 RPM for CDs.[70] In practice, however, discs should never be spun at their highest possible speed, to allow for a safety margin and slight differences between discs, and to prevent fatigue from physical stress.

Recordable and rewritable DVDs can be read and written with either constant angular velocity (CAV), constant linear velocity (CLV), partial constant angular velocity (P-CAV), or zone constant linear velocity (Z-CLV or ZCLV).[71 ]

Due to the slightly lower data density of dual-layer DVDs (4.25 GB instead of 4.7 GB per layer), the rotational speed required is about 10% higher at the same data rate, which means that the same angular velocity rating corresponds to a 10% higher physical angular rotational speed . For this reason, the increase in read speeds of dual-layer media stagnates at 12× (constant angular velocity) for half-height optical drives that have been on the market since around 2005[e], and slim-type optical drives can only dual-layer -Record media at 6× (constant angular velocity), while read speeds of 8× are still supported by such.[76][77][78]

Disc quality measurements [ edit ]

Error rate measurement on a DVD+R. The error rate is still in the healthy range.

The quality and data integrity of optical media is measurable, meaning that future data loss from degrading media can be predicted early by measuring the rate of correctable data errors.[79]

Errors on DVDs are measured as:

PIE – Inner parity error

— Inner parity error PIF — Inner parity error

— Inner parity error POE — Outer parity error

— Outer parity error POF — Outer parity error

Eine höhere Fehlerrate kann auf eine geringere Medienqualität, sich verschlechternde Medien, Kratzer und Schmutz auf der Oberfläche und/oder einen nicht funktionierenden DVD-Brenner hinweisen.

PI-Fehler, PI-Ausfälle und PO-Fehler sind korrigierbar, während ein PO-Ausfall einen CRC-Fehler anzeigt, einen 2048-Byte-Block (oder Sektor) von Datenverlust, ein Ergebnis von zu vielen aufeinanderfolgenden kleineren Fehlern.

Zusätzliche Parameter, die gemessen werden können, sind Laserstrahl-Fokusfehler, Tracking-Fehler, Jitter und Beta-Fehler (Inkonsistenzen in den Längen von Lands und Pits).

Die Unterstützung der Messung der Disc-Qualität variiert je nach Anbieter und Modell optischer Laufwerke.

[80][81]

DVD-Video ist ein Standard zum Verteilen von Video-/Audioinhalten auf DVD-Medien. Das Format wurde am 1. November 1996 in Japan und am 24. März 1997 in den Vereinigten Staaten in den Handel gebracht, um sich an diesem Tag mit den 69. Oscar-Verleihungen auszurichten. in Kanada, Mittelamerika und Indonesien später im Jahr 1997 und in Europa, Asien, Australien und Afrika im Jahr 1998. DVD-Video wurde zur dominierenden Form der Heimvideoverteilung in Japan, als es erstmals am 1. November 1996 in den Handel kam. aber es teilte sich mehrere Jahre lang den Markt für den Vertrieb von Heimvideos in den Vereinigten Staaten; es war der 15. Juni 2003, als die wöchentlichen DVD-Video-Verleihe in den Vereinigten Staaten begannen, die wöchentlichen VHS-Kassetten-Verleihe zahlenmäßig zu übertreffen.[82] DVD-Video ist immer noch die dominierende Form der Verbreitung von Heimvideos weltweit, außer in Japan, wo es von Blu-ray Disc übertroffen wurde, als Blu-ray am 31. März 2006 erstmals in Japan in den Handel kam.[Zitieren erforderlich]

Security [edit]

Das Content Scramble System (CSS) ist ein Digital Rights Management (DRM)- und Verschlüsselungssystem, das auf fast allen kommerziell hergestellten DVD-Video-Discs verwendet wird. CSS verwendet einen proprietären 40-Bit-Stream-Verschlüsselungsalgorithmus. Das System wurde um 1996 eingeführt und erstmals 1999 kompromittiert.

Der Zweck von CSS ist zweifach:

CSS verhindert, dass Byte-für-Byte-Kopien eines MPEG-Streams (digitales Video) abspielbar sind, da solche Kopien nicht die Schlüssel enthalten, die im Einlaufbereich der eingeschränkten DVD verborgen sind. CSS bietet Herstellern einen Grund, ihre Geräte mit einem von der Industrie kontrollierten Standard kompatibel zu machen, da CSS-verschlüsselte Discs im Prinzip nicht auf nicht konformen Geräten abgespielt werden können; jeder, der konforme Geräte bauen möchte, muss eine Lizenz erwerben, die die Anforderung enthält, dass der Rest des DRM-Systems (Regionscodes, Macrovision und Benutzerbetriebsverbot) implementiert wird.[83]

Während die meisten CSS-Entschlüsselungsprogramme zum Abspielen von DVD-Videos verwendet werden, können andere Softwarekomponenten (wie DVD Decrypter, AnyDVD, DVD43, Smartripper und DVD Shrink) eine DVD auf eine Festplatte kopieren und Macrovision, CSS-Verschlüsselung und Regionalcodes entfernen und Benutzerbetriebsverbot. [citation required]

Verbraucherbeschränkungen [ bearbeiten ]

Der Aufstieg des Filesharing hat viele Urheberrechtsinhaber dazu veranlasst, Hinweise auf der DVD-Verpackung oder auf dem Bildschirm anzubringen, wenn der Inhalt abgespielt wird, die die Verbraucher vor der Illegalität bestimmter Verwendungen der DVD warnen. Es ist üblich, eine 90-sekündige Werbewarnung einzufügen, dass die meisten Formen des Kopierens der Inhalte illegal sind. Viele DVDs verhindern das Überspringen oder Vorspulen durch diese Warnung.

Vereinbarungen für das Mieten und Verleihen unterscheiden sich je nach Region. In den USA ist das Recht, gekaufte DVDs weiterzuverkaufen, zu vermieten oder zu verleihen, durch die First-Sale-Doktrin gemäß dem Urheberrechtsgesetz von 1976 geschützt. In Europa sind Miet- und Verleihrechte gemäß einer europäischen Richtlinie von 1992 stärker eingeschränkt gibt Urheberrechtsinhabern umfassendere Befugnisse, um das kommerzielle Vermieten und öffentliche Verleihen von DVD-Kopien ihrer Werke einzuschränken.

DVD-Audio ist ein Format zur Bereitstellung von High-Fidelity-Audioinhalten auf einer DVD. It offers many channel configuration options (from mono to 5.1 surround sound) at various sampling frequencies (up to 24-bits/192 kHz versus CDDA’s 16-bits/44.1 kHz). Compared with the CD format, the much higher-capacity DVD format enables the inclusion of considerably more music (with respect to total running time and quantity of songs) or far higher audio quality (reflected by higher sampling rates, greater sample resolution and additional channels for spatial sound reproduction).[citation needed]

DVD-Audio briefly formed a niche market, probably due to the very sort of format war with rival standard SACD that DVD-Video avoided.[citation needed]

Security [edit]

DVD-Audio discs employ a DRM mechanism, called Content Protection for Prerecorded Media (CPPM), developed by the 4C group (IBM, Intel, Matsushita, and Toshiba).[citation needed]

Although CPPM was supposed to be much harder to crack than a DVD-Video CSS, it too was eventually cracked, in 2007, with the release of the dvdcpxm tool. The subsequent release of the libdvdcpxm library (based on dvdcpxm) allowed for the development of open source DVD-Audio players and ripping software. As a result, making 1:1 copies of DVD-Audio discs is now possible with relative ease, much like DVD-Video discs.[citation needed]

Successors and decline [ edit ]

In 2006, two new formats called HD DVD and Blu-ray Disc were released as the successor to DVD. HD DVD competed unsuccessfully with Blu-ray Disc in the format war of 2006–2008. A dual layer HD DVD can store up to 30 GB and a dual layer Blu-ray disc can hold up to 50 GB.[84][85]

However, unlike previous format changes, e.g., vinyl to Compact Disc or VHS videotape to DVD, there is no immediate indication that production of the standard DVD will gradually wind down, as they still dominate, with around 75% of video sales and approximately one billion DVD player sales worldwide as of April 2011. In fact, experts claim that the DVD will remain the dominant medium for at least another five years as Blu-ray technology is still in its introductory phase, write and read speeds being poor and necessary hardware being expensive and not readily available.[86][87]

Consumers initially were also slow to adopt Blu-ray due to the cost.[88] By 2009, 85% of stores were selling Blu-ray Discs. A high-definition television and appropriate connection cables are also required to take advantage of Blu-ray disc. Some analysts suggest that the biggest obstacle to replacing DVD is due to its installed base; a large majority of consumers are satisfied with DVDs.[89] The DVD succeeded because it offered a compelling alternative to VHS. In addition, the uniform media size lets manufacturers make Blu-ray players (and HD DVD players) backward-compatible, so they can play older DVDs. This stands in contrast to the change from vinyl to CD, and from tape to DVD, which involved a complete change in physical medium. As of 2019 it is still commonplace for studios to issue major releases in “combo pack” format, including both a DVD and a Blu-ray disc (as well as a digital copy). Also, some multi-disc sets use Blu-ray for the main feature, but DVDs for supplementary features (examples of this include the Harry Potter “Ultimate Edition” collections, the 2009 re-release of the 1967 The Prisoner TV series, and a 2007 collection related to Blade Runner). Another reason cited (July 2011) for the slower transition to Blu-ray from DVD is the necessity of and confusion over “firmware updates” and needing an internet connection to perform updates.[citation needed]

This situation is similar to the changeover from 78 rpm shellac recordings to 45 rpm and 33⅓ rpm vinyl recordings. Because the new and old media were virtually the same (a disc on a turntable, played by a needle), phonograph player manufacturers continued to include the ability to play 78s for decades after the format was discontinued.[citation needed]

Manufacturers continue to release standard DVD titles as of 2020 , and the format remains the preferred one for the release of older television programs and films. Shows that were shot and edited entirely on film, such as Star Trek: The Original Series, cannot be released in high definition without being re-scanned from the original film recordings. Certain special effects were also updated to appear better in high-definition.[90][unreliable source?] Shows that were made between the early 1980s and the early 2000s were generally shot on film, then transferred to video tape, and then edited natively in either NTSC or PAL, making high-definition transfers impossible as these SD standards were baked into the final cuts of the episodes. Star Trek: The Next Generation is the only such show that has gotten a Blu-ray release. The process of making high-definition versions of TNG episodes required finding the original film clips, re-scanning them into a computer at high definition, digitally re-editing the episodes from the ground up, and re-rendering new visual effects shots, an extraordinarily labor-intensive ordeal that cost Paramount over $12 million. The project was a financial failure and resulted in Paramount deciding very firmly against giving Deep Space Nine and Voyager the same treatment.[91] However, What We Left Behind included small amounts of remastered Deep Space Nine footage.[citation needed]

DVDs are also facing competition from video on demand services.[92][93][94][95] With increasing numbers of homes having high speed Internet connections, many people now have the option to either rent or buy video from an online service, and view it by streaming it directly from that service’s servers, meaning they no longer need any form of permanent storage media for video at all. By 2017, digital streaming services had overtaken the sales of DVDs and Blu-rays for the first time.[96]

Longevity [ edit ]

Longevity of a storage medium is measured by how long the data remains readable, assuming compatible devices exist that can read it: that is, how long the disc can be stored until data is lost. Numerous factors affect longevity: composition and quality of the media (recording and substrate layers), humidity and light storage conditions, the quality of the initial recording (which is sometimes a matter of mutual compatibility of media and recorder), etc.[97] According to NIST, “[a] temperature of 64.4 °F (18 °C) and 40% RH [Relative Humidity] would be considered suitable for long-term storage. A lower temperature and RH is recommended for extended-term storage.”[98]

According to the Optical Storage Technology Association (OSTA), “Manufacturers claim lifespans ranging from 30 to 100 years for DVD, DVD-R and DVD+R discs and up to 30 years for DVD-RW, DVD+RW and DVD-RAM.”[99]

According to a NIST/LoC research project conducted in 2005–2007 using accelerated life testing, “There were fifteen DVD products tested, including five DVD-R, five DVD+R, two DVD-RW and three DVD+RW types. There were ninety samples tested for each product. […] Overall, seven of the products tested had estimated life expectancies in ambient conditions of more than 45 years. Four products had estimated life expectancies of 30–45 years in ambient storage conditions. Two products had an estimated life expectancy of 15–30 years and two products had estimated life expectancies of less than 15 years when stored in ambient conditions.” The life expectancies for 95% survival estimated in this project by type of product are tabulated below:[97][dubious – discuss]

Disc type 0–15 years 15–30 years 30–45 years over 45 years DVD-R 20% 20% 0% 60% DVD+R 20% 0% 40% 40% DVD-RW 0% 0% 50% 50% DVD+RW 0% 33.3% 33.3% 33.3%

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 DVD-R DVD+R DVD-RW DVD+RW 0–15 years

0–15 years 15–30 years

15–30 years 30–45 years

30–45 years over 45 years

See also[edit]

Notes [edit]

References[ edit ]

Type of optical disc packaging

Black standard holding case

A storage sleeve, or polybox, is a type of packaging most commonly used for DVDs (and sometimes CDs).

In addition to DVD video movies, storage cases have been prevalent on most disc-based video games since the PlayStation 2, and can also be found on many PC titles and MP3 CD audiobooks (all using discs that have the same basic dimensions as a DVD ).

Products using Keep Cases [ edit ]

The first products to be released in storage cases were VHS tapes, although most were housed in less expensive pressboard cases. In the days before video games were released on optical media, unlike cardboard boxes, cartridges were rarely packaged in specially designed plastic cases with eyelets inside to hold the instruction manual. Cartridges and cards for the Sega Master System platform were the first video games to be packaged in any storage box. The vast majority of Sega Genesis/Mega Drive games came in a plastic case (about the size of a VHS case), but they were later packaged in chipboard boxes to save money. Before the standard and commonly used DVD case was invented, early CD-ROM based video games like Sega CD and early PlayStation titles often came in a thicker and taller jewel case. They are said to break very easily. Since the PlayStation 2, most console-based video game software has come packaged in some sort of storage box, including Nintendo DS cartridge titles and Sony PSP titles.

^ Greatest Hits games in America are in solid red and Platinum Hits games in Europe are in silver. ^ Greatest Hits games are in solid red.

^ White for DSi only games. Select Mario titles have been red since 2010. ^ Selected Mario games are red.

Structure[edit]

Materials and Properties[edit]

Xbox Keep Case. Lime green version used for most Xbox games

The sleeves are made of soft, clear or colored polypropylene plastic with a transparent polyethylene outer sleeve, usually with a printed paper sleeve behind. Various colors are made including black, white, red and clear. Inside are sets of clips that may contain a booklet or additional sheets of additional information. The DVD is held in place with a small tab (a “hub”) that fits into the hole in the DVD. An additional tab for storing memory cards is available for console games such as PlayStation 2 and Nintendo GameCube.[1]

Types of hubs[edit]

The structural differences between a CD and a DVD have led many manufacturers to explore different hub designs to hold the DVD (or DVDs in multi-disc cases) in place: unlike CDs, which are made of a single layer of plastic consist, DVDs have two layers that are thinner (so that together they reach the same thickness of a CD) and are not glued down to the middle. As a result, a DVD hub is weaker than a CD and can be damaged if stored in a CD-only case.

In addition to “pull-down” hubs (which are often a simple evolution of the classic “toothed crowns”), “push-to-release” hubs are widespread: in this case, the hub is designed to be pushed on simply by pushing its finger components together, shrinking the space it occupies and exposing the disc center; Under normal circumstances, release cannot be accidental and requires someone to push on the hub (this is obviously more difficult to achieve in slim and ultra-thin cases where, in fact, pull-type hubs are preferred over push-types). [citation required]

risk of damage [edit]

The larger size of the storage case compared to the CD jewel box means that if the disc detaches from the center hub, it can move around inside the box and the playable surface can be scratched by the hub. This can pose a problem during shipping.

The center “pluck hubs” are designed to hold a disc in place during transport, but may be too tight for normal home use. Because of this, the disc may be damaged due to excessive deformation when it is removed. However, the edges of the center hub can be permanently bent slightly to allow for a looser fit. Discs can then slide out easily, ideal for the home shelf.[2][3][4]

Physical Dimensions[edit]

case [edit]

The height and width of a (closed) storage case are specified at 190 mm (7.48 in) and 135 mm (5.315 in) respectively.[5] Thickness can vary to accommodate more discs (“multi” case) or to take up less shelf space (“thin” or “thin” case). For a typical single disc case, it’s 15mm.

A storage case therefore approximates the Video Software Dealers Association’s recommendation that a single disc DVD-Video package be the same height as a VHS cassette (187mm) and the same width as a CD case (142mm). should. These dimensions are similar to digest-sized magazines.

paper sleeve [ edit ] [6]): Text and colors are printed on paper/cardboard held between transparent, thin plastic and opaque, thicker plastic. Keep cases with printed sleeves (AKA DVD case liners): Text and colors are printed onto the paper/cardboard held in place between transparent, thin plastic and opaque, thicker plastic.

The printed paper sleeve for a standard DVD case can be printed onto a standard A4 sheet which can be inserted into the outer sleeve after trimming. Paper space on the front and back of the case is 129.5mm × 183mm [citation needed] and backplates are 14mm or less wide. This gives 273mm × 183mm as the resulting maximum overall dimensions for the printout (which is smaller than the 297mm × 210mm of an A4 sheet).

insertions [edit]

Brochure inserts or leaflet material when folded should be a maximum of 120mm × 180mm. This usually includes a digital copy code for a digital locker service or a downloadable content code if included.

Similar, though not identical, packaging is used for commercial Blu-ray Disc titles and has been used for HD DVD titles. However, the case dimensions are slightly different, about 19mm shorter. Each case is colour-coded, with blue for Blu-ray and red for HD-DVD, with the format prominently displayed on a strip above the cover image.

Empty boxes and do-it-yourself [ edit ]

In addition to the industrial uses described above, empty storage cases are available from retail outlets that can be used, for example, to replace broken cases or to hold DVDs containing personal video recordings or data. Common brands are Maxell, Memorex, TDK, Verbatim, NexPak, US Digital Media and Amaray. Some providers, e.g. TDK and Infiniti also sell recordable DVDs individually packaged in storage cases.

See also[edit]

You can create and print disc labels on discs such as CDs and DVDs.

This section explains how to create the following disc label as an example.

Select the folder where you saved the photos.

Select the photo.

Review the selected photo, and then click Select Frame.

Click CD/DVD.

Select the frame.

Click Edit & Print.

Click on the photo that will be automatically inserted into the frame.

Select photos from the photo list on the left, then replace the photos in the frame. Note: If you click Add Photos, you can replace photos in the frame with photos that are not in the list without returning to the home screen.

Click on the photo in the frame and then drag to adjust the position. You can also use the buttons at the top of the screen to zoom in, out, and rotate photos.

Click Inside/Outside.

Set the Inner Diameter and Outer Diameter to match the disc’s printable surface, then click OK. Note: You can adjust the print start position in Adjust Print Position.

Click on the photo in the frame and then drag to adjust the position. You can also use the buttons at the top of the screen to zoom in, out, and rotate photos.

Click the photo in the frame, then click Color Matching.

Adjust the level of correction and brightness, etc., and then click OK.

Click on the gray area outside the frame to deselect the photo.

click .

Select the image you want to add, and then click Open.

Select sewing pattern and then click OK. Note: You can adjust the crop area by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the photo.

Click on the added image to adjust position and size. Follow the same steps to add more images. Note: Double-click the added item to return to the Crop screen, and then change the crop pattern.

You can adjust the size by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the photo.

You can also rotate items by dragging the (handle) at the top of the item.

click .

Select the stamp you want to add, then click Open.

Click on the added stamp to adjust position and size. Note: You can adjust the size by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the photo.

You can also rotate items by dragging the (handle) at the top of the item.

click .

Enter the text in Enter text.

Edit using the font, size, color, etc. buttons at the top of the screen, then click OK.

Adjust the position and size of the added text. Follow the same steps to add more text. Note: Double-click the added text to return to the Enter Text screen, and then edit the text.

You can adjust the size by dragging the (handles) on the four corners of the element.

You can also rotate items by dragging the (handle) at the top of the item.

Make print settings.