Jersey Cow For Sale Alberta? 126 Most Correct Answers

If you have the opportunity to raise a few Jersey calves for steer slaughter, should you do it? What about the cows, are culled Jersey cows good for meat?

Jersey and Jersey Cross cattle make excellent beef stocks. Jersey steers are friendly, cost less to buy (as a veal or as a finished steer) than beef steers, and have wonderful-tasting meat.

Is it worth it to raise your own beef? covers the costs of raising your calf, including slaughter costs.

Jersey cattle have great tasting meat

Jersey meat tastes good. Jersey is popular with small farmers and home residents alike.

Jersey beef is good. We have eaten meat from cows and young cattle and are always happy with the results.

You may have heard the rumor that Jersey meat is wild. Not true. What people refer to as “venison” is just the grass-fed flavor. You can see this in the yellow bold. Yellow fat is grass fat only, white fat is grain fat.

If you don’t like the grass-fed flavor, or are concerned you won’t like it, add a small amount of grain to your steer’s diet. This will more easily add fat to the meat and eliminate the potential for a “gamey” flavor.

One of the first cattle we processed for the freezer was a Jersey heifer that broke his leg in a spot that was too high for the vet to fix. He recommended eating them, we did.

Sad to see she broke her leg but glad to be able to use the meat. And once again the taste was great.

Buy a slaughter cow if you want the best value, full flavored beef

If you are not raising a calf or are planning to purchase a ready-made dairy cow, consider purchasing a cullet cow. If you are interested in cheap meat, bring a Jersey cow to your slaughter date.

A culling means that she is sold out of the milking herd because she is no longer up to standard. A cull cow should still be healthy, just not a good producer for the dairy farmer.

Cows sell for $0.60 per pound live weight at the local auction near me. That means you would pay $450 to $480 for a full-size Jersey cow. That’s a lot of beast for under $500!

I have to admit if you want steaks a cow won’t work for you (except for the loin, make sure to get that for steak). If you just want good beef, bring the cullet cows, you get loads of flavor at an amazing price.

Get inspired by Iowa’s Cinnamon Ridge Farms. They milk Jerseys and sell the Jersey steers they feed on the farm as frozen meat in their farm shop.

This is our family cow Aleene with her new Jersey/Holstein bull calf.

Jersey or Jersey Cross steers are wonderful beef steers

There’s usually a half Jersey, half Angus calf running around here. They make wonderful oxen! If you have the time, your Taurus can be fully grass-fed and really well finished, bold and perky!

Our last Halvsies were heifers, so we just keep them as breeding cows.

The last calf in our family cow was a Holstein Cross bull calf and the one before that was a purebred Jersey bull calf that is now a bull.

I have to admit if I had known they were going to be bull calves we would have raised their meat! Instead, we hoped for a replacement heifer, at least for the purebred animals, and of course we’re still working on that.

The 100% Jersey bull is just over a year old now, he is about the same height as his mother but not as wide. He will get there.

He and his mother, Aleene, are primarily grass-fed. I say mostly because they steal some husked corn that’s laid out for the fowl, so it’s not fully grass fed, just mostly.

You don’t have to be a rancher to raise beef! is an article I wrote about raising dairy breeds for beef. Many people overlook dairy or dairy crosses for beef, but they can make great beef projects in small areas!

Feed your ox some grain to increase the marbling of the meat

If you want fat on your steer and he is under 2.5 years old, you need to feed him some grain. You don’t have to go crazy with it, and certainly not Stierstuffer (high-grain diet), but some grain is required.

Your other option is to wait about 2.5 years for it to finish growing and start putting on fat (marbling) from grass. It will happen, you just have to give him the time for it.

If you’re not a fan of the grass-fed flavor, some people find it a bit wild, you can simply supplement its diet with some grains and that will eliminate any wild tendency.

Jerseys have less meat per capita than a “meat” breed

Your Jersey calf will be less chunky than a 100% bovine genetics calf, so it will also be thinner. Being thinner from end to end means there is less meat on the carcass when it’s hanging.

That’s not a problem, just knowing something.

Jersey cattle are cheaper to buy than beef cattle

A Jersey calf, finished bull or cow costs less than a similarly aged beef calf, finished bull or cow.

Find out the types and prices of beef cattle (calves that are weaned but need more time to grow to slaughter size) and culling cows and run some numbers.

What exactly is dairy beef worth in your area? What about beef from the more common cattle breeds?

The reason you need to know this, or at least find out, is that the cost per head of slaughtering your ox or cow is the same no matter how big it is.

The cost of slicing and packing is the same per pound of meat, this is where you will see the difference between a dairy and a beef steer.

Calculate the cost of a dairy ox versus a beef ox for your region

Let’s do a bit of math to see if a dairy or cattle steer would be better for your situation based strictly on the money. Even if you decided to raise the oxen yourself and not buy them, this is the current price of your labor.

Currently, as of the August 18, 2021 Mt. Hope Auction Market Report, a well-made cattle bull sells for $1.30 per pound and a 1,000er dairy bull (the closest thing to a Jersey bull) is $0.76 per pound.

For the steer: 1,200 pounds live weight at $1.30 per pound means you paid $1,560 for the steer. Processing feed is $100 plus $0.76 per pound of meat.

Since you should get about 500 pounds of meat, your processing is 0.76 x 500 = $380 + 100 kill fee, for a total of $480 in processing costs.

$480 + $1,560 = $2,040 total cost for 500 pounds of beef, that’s $4.08 per pound. If you raised the steer yourself, you would only have the $480 plus your feed and the cost of buying the calf.

For the dairy ox: 1,000 pounds live weight at $0.76 per pound is $760 to purchase the Jersey bull. Handling fees are the same as above, $100 + $0.76 per pound of meat.

Since it’s a Jersey, you get about 300 pounds of beef, so 300 x $0.76 = $228 for processing. $760 + $228 = $998 total cost for 300 pounds of beef, that’s $3.33 per pound of meat.

Don’t mistake a Jersey bull for beef, just an ox!

Above all, please castrate your little bull calf! I know he’s cute and I know he’s small (for now) but sooner than you think he’ll reach the age where bull keeping is only for professionals.

Neuter your calf while it is young and easy to catch. It saves you extra work and worry later.

If you put off spaying until he’s bigger, you’ll need to get a vet to do it now, or get a local cattle farmer to do it. Neutering larger calves is not a job for the inexperienced.

Use elastic bands to castrate your young Jersey bull calf

The easiest way to castrate a bull calf is to get one of the elastrator bands and a pack of bands. Borrow some from a neighbor if you’re just making a bull or two of your own, trust me they have extra ribbons!

The only “snag” here is to make sure you have both testicles through the tape before sliding the tape off the forceps onto the scrotum. Getting only one testicle means he still has that bad attitude you’re trying to prevent.

Elastrator band castration is quick and easy. Keep an eye on the scrotum to make sure it doesn’t become infected, but otherwise your job is done. The testicles will fall off without you having to do anything in a few weeks.

introduction

Pasture quality is influenced by soil and water availability and the mix of plant species. Animal species, size and health as well as animal density influence the grazing power. Overgrazing leads to a range of environmental problems, including surface and groundwater pollution from nitrogen and phosphorus in animal urine and feces, soil compaction, weed problems, and erosion in areas where plant material has been largely or completely destroyed.

Choice of pasture mix

A mixture of grasses and legumes ensures the best pasture quality. Legumes offer the benefits of high protein and excellent palatability, and add nitrogen to the soil. Grasses provide fiber, grow quickly and have a high yield. A mixture of species also ensures that if one is not growing well, another will. “Cool season” grasses thrive best in cool, wet weather, while “warm season” grasses grow when it’s hot and dry. Turf-forming grasses like Kentucky bluegrass resist trampling better than bundle grasses like timothy. Proper pasture management practices will usually improve a poor pasture without resorting to full reseeding. A poorly growing weed pasture will support fewer animals than a healthy pasture containing a variety of nutritious grasses and legumes.

rotational grazing

It is important that all pastures get some “rest time”. Ideally, animals would begin grazing a pasture when the plants are 6 to 10 inches tall and removed when the plants are no less than 3 inches tall. These heights are somewhat dependent on the feed type. The vegetative growth phase of a species is the ideal time for grazing. Overgrazing can cause muddy conditions and soil erosion, killing desired grazing species and allowing the introduction of weeds that tolerate compacted soils. Especially on hilly land, rainwater rich in nutrients from animal feces and sediments leads to downstream pollution. Undergrazing is also undesirable, as animals are likely to graze selectively, allowing less desirable plants to outcompete desired ones. Undergrazed pastures need to be mowed more frequently to keep unwanted plants at bay and especially to prevent those plants from seeding and spreading further. The subdivision of pastures and rotating animals encourages livestock to eat a greater variety of plants. To maximize grazing efficiency, use a very high animal density (intensive grazing) for a very short time. On a large pasture, the animals have more grazing opportunities and can be very picky about the choice of plants. Pastures recover when animals are moved, and if necessary, mowing can clear tall weeds as animals are driven out. Ideally, at least four pastures should be considered for rotational grazing. Willow recovery typically takes 2 to 6 weeks. Rainfall, temperature, soil fertility, and grazing intensity affect the recovery rate of pastures.

Water for growing fodder

Annual and seasonal rainfall patterns affect pasture growth, potential soil erosion, and runoff issues. In general, more rainfall during the growing season means more pasture growth. Most areas in Massachusetts receive about 45 inches of rainfall annually. Variations in soil water-holding capacity due to texture, structure, and depth generally affect variations in pasture growth within the state more than variations in precipitation.

On average, rainfall does not vary much between the grazing months of May to October. However, light intensity and duration as well as temperature fluctuations affect the growth of pasture plants. Excessive heat causes dehydration conditions. Pastures must be constantly monitored.

water to drink

Access to drinking water is an important consideration when creating pasture subdivisions. It is most convenient not to relocate watering equipment, but to subdivide the pastures in such a way that the same watering equipment can be accessed from several pastures. The downside to this is that animals always congregate in a single area, which can lead to muddy conditions. If the area is not level, soil erosion and nutrient runoff will also occur. A wheeled irrigation unit makes it easy to move the water and reduce sludge. Be aware that if livestock are watered at a stream and drink from the same spot for long periods of time, it can cause silt and erosion problems, as well as downstream pollution. Regular watering of animals at streams is almost never appropriate.

storage prices

USDA defines one thousand pounds live weight as one animal unit (AU). Animal density (AD) is defined as (AU)/grazed acre. Stocking density is a function of animal density taking into account the percentage of time animals are grazing. A general starting stocking ratio is 0.5 (500 pounds grazing animals per acre). A Jersey cow can be up to one animal unit (1000lb), so 2 acres of “average” grazing area per cow would be recommended. Five to fifteen sheep or goats can also form an AE. The concrete starting points for the stocking density vary depending on the quality of the pasture. For example, 20 acres of “average” pasture could support ten 1000 pound cows at a stocking density of 0.5. If you divide the 20 acres into pastures of 4 to 5 acres, rotate the pastures and maintain them well, you can keep more than 10 cows on those pastures. Rotating 12 such cows to four 5-acre pastures would give an animal density of 2.4, with an overall stocking rate of 0.6, since the cows graze only ¼ of the time on a pasture. Note that the animal density should be much higher than 0.5 if the animals graze on the pasture only a fraction of the time. Use the table below to adjust storage rates to suit your own situation. In general, the higher the AD, the more intensive the pasture management.

In order to preserve pastures, there are times when livestock should be removed. When the soil is wet, as it is for a period of time each spring, and the animals are outdoors, it is necessary to have a well-drained and flat area in which to stay. This is often referred to as the “sacrificial area” because plant growth in this area has been sacrificed. This area should be easy to water and protect. A small sacrifice area can save a large pasture.

Note Overgrazing leads to environmental problems:

water pollution

soil compaction

erosion

weed problems

Note Undergrazing also causes problems:

Increased mowing requirement

Spread of less desirable plant species

Note cattle in the pasture:

The stocking density describes how many cattle a farm can accommodate given the availability of pasture.

The animal density describes the concentration of animals on a certain pasture at a certain point in time.

Decrease stocking density when: Increase stocking density when: Poor pasture quality Excellent pasture quality No pasture rotation Rotation of multiple pastures Stony, rocky soils Well-fertilized land with low potential for erosion Regrowth is unusually slow Animals are given supplemental feed Low rainfall or excessive drainage (i.e. dry) Area Avoid animals Species you want them to eat

resources

Precipitation data: Massachusetts Department of Conservation and Recreation https://www.mass.gov/orgs/department-of-conservation-recreation

Massachusetts Department of Agriculture Resources. 251 Causeway Street. Suite 500. Boston. MA 02114. Telephone (617) 626-1700. Website: https://www.mass.gov/orgs/massachusetts-department-of-agricultural-resources

USDA Economic Research Service https://www.ers.usda.gov/

The New England Small Farm Institute http://www.smallfarm.org/uploads/uploads/Files/Stocking%20Rates.pdf suggests a stocking rate of 1 acre instead of 2 acres per animal unit (1000 lbs). This requires well-managed grazing on quality pasture land.

See the UMass Extension Crops, Dairy, Livestock & Equine Program for more information

The fact sheets in this series were prepared by Masoud Hashemi, Stephen Herbert, Carrie Chickering-Sears, Sarah Weis, Carlos Gradil, Steve Purdy, Mark Huyler and Randy Prostak in collaboration with Jacqui Carlevale.

This publication was funded in part by the Massachusetts Department of Agricultural Resources and the Massachusetts Farm Bureau Federation, Inc.

The Jersey cow is known for her high-quality milk, which is higher in protein, calcium and butterfat than other cows’ milk, and her gentle nature and efficient conversion of feed into milk make her a desirable choice for homesteaders. The breed is less prone to disease and lameness than other breeds and tends to produce and live longer on average than other cattle.

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What are the risks associated with consuming raw milk?

Raw milk is milk from any animal that has not been pasteurized to kill harmful bacteria. Raw milk can contain harmful bacteria and other germs that can make you very sick or kill you. While foodborne illnesses can be transmitted from many different foods, raw milk is one of the riskiest of all.

Some people who chose raw milk because they thought it would improve their health found themselves (or their loved ones) sick in a hospital for several weeks with infections caused by germs in raw milk. Getting sick from raw milk can mean diarrhea, stomach cramps, and vomiting for many days. Some people who have drunk raw milk have developed serious or even life-threatening diseases, including Guillain-Barré syndrome, which can cause paralysis, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome, which can lead to kidney failure, stroke, and even death.

Here are some things you should know:

Disease can come from the same brand and source of raw milk that people have been drinking for a long time without getting sick.

Various germs that sometimes occur in raw milk can make you ill. These germs include Brucella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella.

The symptoms of a sick person can differ depending on the type of germ, the amount of contamination and the immune system.

Who is at greatest risk of getting sick from drinking raw milk?

The risk of getting sick from drinking contaminated raw milk is higher for infants and young children, older adults, pregnant women, and people with compromised immune systems, such as those who are ill. B. people with cancer, an organ transplant or HIV, greater than for healthy elderly children and adults. However, healthy people of all ages can become very ill or even die if they drink raw milk contaminated with harmful germs.

Can drinking raw milk harm me or my family?

Yes. Raw milk can cause serious illnesses. Raw milk and raw milk products, including cream cheese, ice cream, and yogurt, can be contaminated with harmful bacteria and other germs that can cause serious illness, hospitalization, or death. These harmful germs include Brucella, Campylobacter, Cryptosporidium, E. coli, Listeria and Salmonella.

From 1993 to 2012, 127 outbreaks reported to the CDC were associated with raw milk. These outbreaks included 1,909 cases and 144 hospitalizations. Most outbreaks have been caused by Campylobacter, Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, or Salmonella. A large number of raw milk outbreaks affect children. At least one child under the age of 5 was involved in 59% of raw milk outbreaks reported to CDC from 2007-2012. Children ages 1 to 4 accounted for 38% of Salmonella-related illnesses in these outbreaks and 28% of illnesses caused by Shiga toxin-producing E. coli, which can cause kidney failure and death.

Reported outbreaks represent the tip of the iceberg. Most diseases are not part of a recognized outbreak, and for every outbreak and reported disease, many others occur.

Most cattle can live up to 22 years. A Jersey cow can live even longer, with some exceeding their 25th birthday. One of the oldest living Jersey cows had died at a UK animal shelter aged 37. There is no universal answer to how long a Jersey cow will live. How long your Jersey cow lives depends on several factors, including the conditions you keep them in. Most pasture-fed Jersey cows live longer than their grain-fed counterparts. This is where homesteaders have an advantage over commercial dairy farms. Let’s look at some of the things you can do to help your dairy cow live her best – and longest – life.

Do Jersey cows live longer than other dairy cows?

Depends on. Jersey cows raised on homesteads fare better than Jersey cows who spend their lives on commercial dairy farms. Homesteaders treat their Jerseys more like four-legged family members (who happen to produce delicious milk) than money-makers. Cows of all breeds raised on commercial dairy farms live an average of four to five years before being slaughtered. As their milk production decreases, they become less valuable to their owners.

Jersey cows are generally healthier than other dairy breeds. They are less susceptible to mastitis, which can kill a dairy cow if not recognized and treated quickly. Most Jersey cows living on homesteads are also fed pasture, which is better for their overall health. Pasture feeding your Jersey is also better for the human, who will consume the cow’s milk (and cheese, yogurt, and ice cream).

How many years will a Jersey cow produce milk?

When homesteaders refer to the lifespan of their livestock, they include the lifespan of their cow’s milk production. Most Jersey cows produce high quality milk for 2.5 to 4 years. You need to eat between 2 and 2.5 pounds per 100 pounds of body weight to meet your daily calorie needs. Supplementing your dairy cow’s diet with fermented barley grain can increase milk production. If you treat your Jersey properly, they will give up to 18 liters of buttermilk each day during their high milk producing years.

Keeping your Jersey cow’s barn free of manure allows your cow to stay healthier and live longer.

How you can help your Jersey cow live longer

If you are anything like us, you love your Jersey Cows. They are part of your extended family, so naturally you want them to live long. We’ve already covered grass-fed is better, so let’s talk about some other things you can do to help your cattle stay healthy. In addition to good quality feeding practices, homesteaders should also:

Milk your cow every day. Ideally, you should milk your Jersey cow twice a day. You can do this by hand or with a milking machine, whichever you prefer. Keep all your milking equipment disinfected to ensure your milk is fresh and hygienic and to prevent your cow from developing an infection such as mastitis.

Ideally, you should milk your Jersey cow twice a day. You can do this by hand or with a milking machine, whichever you prefer. Keep all your milking equipment disinfected to ensure your milk is fresh and hygienic and to prevent your cow from developing an infection such as mastitis. Provide a clean shelter. Replace bedding contaminated with manure and keep the shelter swept daily. When dairy cow owners don’t take the time to sanitize bedding, they make their dairy cows more susceptible to illnesses and diseases that can affect their milk production and overall health.

Replace bedding contaminated with manure and keep the shelter swept daily. When dairy cow owners don’t take the time to sanitize bedding, they make their dairy cows more susceptible to illnesses and diseases that can affect their milk production and overall health. Conduct regular wellness checks. Visiting the vet several times a year is normal for most dairy cows. During the calving season, they may need to come by more often. When the vet isn’t around, it’s up to the ranchers to inspect their cows to make sure they’re staying healthy. Call the appropriate health team member if you suspect any problems.

Visiting the vet several times a year is normal for most dairy cows. During the calving season, they may need to come by more often. When the vet isn’t around, it’s up to the ranchers to inspect their cows to make sure they’re staying healthy. Call the appropriate health team member if you suspect any problems. Vaccinate your livestock. Cows can be vaccinated against common diseases and dewormed as needed to stay healthy if cattle owners so desire.

Care tips for your Jersey dairy cow

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May your Jersey cows live long and thrive!

dr Chris Reynolds, Department of Animal Sciences, Ohio State University

The Jersey breed has a passionate following, and there is ample evidence to support this. Surveys and research have shown that when compared to Holstein cows, Jersey cows first calve earlier, calve more easily, have less mastitis and lameness and are more long-lived, while their temperament and size mean they are suitable for both farming and breeding willow friendly. Although their overall milk yield is lower, the Jersey cow typically produces more milk solids per pound of body weight (BW). Milk from Jersey cows has a higher fat (and therefore energy) content, as well as a higher milk protein content and processing quality. A higher intake of dry matter (DM) per pound of body weight is generally associated with this higher milk energy output.

As a result of the above factors, interest in the Jersey breed is likely to continue to grow. In addition, there is currently an increased use of Jersey cows in crossbreeding programs. However, it is now recognized that in many respects the Jersey cow cannot simply be treated as a mini Holstein cow in terms of nutrition and ration formulation, and that there is limited scientific information on which to base guidelines for Jersey cows . This article provides an overview of some of this information.

Feed Efficiency: A number of research summaries have shown that the Jersey breed has advantages in terms of output of milk solids relative to intake of metabolizable energy and production of milk energy from feed. Their energetic advantage is largely due to a greater milk energy output relative to total maintenance needs associated with the higher solids content of their milk. Also in these comparisons it was assumed that the maintenance needs of the Jersey cow are the same as those of the Holstein cow, but there is evidence from non-lactating animals that the maintenance needs of the Jersey cow are higher.

Intake and feed digestion: Since the TM intake of Jersey cows per unit body weight is often higher than that of Holstein cows, their intake cannot be predicted from body weight and milk yield using equations developed for Holstein cows. An increased passage rate of digesta through the gut was observed in the Jersey cow. This may be a consequence of increased milk energy output driving higher DM intake, or alternatively, more effective chewing and rumination may increase passage rate and allow for greater DM intake. Regardless, the higher intake in Jersey cows relative to their body size does not appear to decrease diet digestibility.

Milk Fat Composition and Diet Fiber Content: The higher milk fat content of Jersey milk is associated with an increase in the relative proportion of short chain fatty acids. These fatty acids and other medium-length fatty acids are synthesized in the mammary gland using rumen-produced lipogenic volatile fatty acids. Since the production of these precursors is promoted by forage digestion, it is widely believed that Jersey cows may need higher levels of fiber in their diet. However, feeding too much fiber can limit their DM intake. Further research is needed to clarify the Jersey cow’s need for “effective fiber” and the consequences of errors in balanced rationing of fiber, starch or fat. In fact, articles in the mainstream press have indicated that Jersey cows are more tolerant of low-fiber diets than Holstein cows and should be fed less long-fiber to achieve maximum DM intake.

Milk fever and transitional diets: A disadvantage of Jersey cows is that they suffer from milk fever more often. This has been attributed to fewer vitamin D receptors in the gut. These receptors increase calcium absorption in early lactation via mechanisms inhibited by high blood pH. Therefore, it was recommended to adjust the cation-anion difference of the transition rations for Jersey cows to a lower target urine pH (5.8-6.2) than for Holstein cows (6.2-6.7). , but the basis for these recommendations is patchy and the possible negative effects of dietary supplements on metabolism and health must also be considered.

Energy metabolism: Two calorimetric comparisons of lactating Jersey and Holstein cows from the first half of the century reveal little difference between the two breeds in energy metabolism. However, recent research conducted at the USDA in Beltsville, USA indicates that:

· The relative yield potential of the two breeds was similar in the individuals studied; fat-corrected milk yield per pound of metabolic bw (bw 0.75) in peak lactation and DM and energy intake per kg bw 0.75 were not different. Thus, the genetic value of the cows used provided a good basis for a breed comparison.

· Metabolizable energy intake as a percentage of energy ingested was no different: Energy digestibility was higher in Jersey cows, but this was offset by a slight increase in urinary and methane energy losses.

· Energy balance (milk plus body tissue energy) as a percentage of energy ingested was also not different between races; higher milk fat content for the Jersey cows was associated with higher milk energy output, but the corresponding tissue energy retention was numerically lower. This was an important difference between the races.

· In this study, no differences in the energy maintenance requirements of lactating animals were found, but a higher intake of metabolizable energy was required to avoid tissue energy loss in dry Jersey cows. This may be due in part to differences in body composition, as well as genetic differences between breeds.

Jersey gets its name from the island of Jersey in the Channel Islands group. Not surprisingly, it shares a common ancestry with the Guernsey, and in fact the two breeds were once crossed fairly regularly. Dairy cows were the typical dowry in the Channel Islands, so a young woman’s Jersey cow could breed with her new husband’s Guernsey bull and vice versa.

However, the Channel Islands eventually became inundated with French cattle, which produced far inferior quality milk. England had imposed a duty on cattle imported from France, but cattle from the Channel Islands were not taxed. To avoid customs, the French first landed their cattle on Jersey and the other islands before sending them to England. While the cattle were in the islands, some unscrupulous farmers would occasionally buy a few and then sell them, or their crossed offspring, as Channel Island-only stock.

In response, the Channel Islands began restricting imports of cattle in the late 17th and early 18th centuries. This ensured that Channel Island cows would always produce excellent golden milk with a high butterfat and protein content. Jerseys and other Channel Island breeds which gained such an established reputation were in great demand, first in England and then in America.

Jersey may have arrived in America as early as the 1650s, but the bulk of imports didn’t begin until the 1850s. When the flood began, it took many years for it to stop. By 1910, Americans were importing over a thousand jerseys annually.

On our shores, the breed began to split into two types. The first was a small, dainty animal known as the island type, kept primarily for show purposes. This was the basis for today’s mini jersey. The second version of the jersey was larger and coarser in appearance but more productive. This was called the American type and was considered the farmer’s jersey.

Of course, even the hardworking farmer Jersey couldn’t compete with the Holstein for gallons of milk a year. After World War II, the jersey fell out of favor in America. Breeders struggled to bring it back to prominence.

In recent decades, the Jersey has grown in size and is now capable of producing more milk at the expense of butterfat and protein. However, the Jersey is currently the third most popular dairy breed in America (after the Holsteiner and its close relatives, the Red and White), and the fastest growing dairy breed in the world. Miniature jersey is also proving popular, thanks to the recent craze for small-scale farming.

Used

The Jersey is popular both as a family cow and as a breed for direct marketing and organic production. Miniatures are only recommended for small homesteads. Both varieties have a reputation for making excellent cheeses, although Jersey milk is also good for making butter, yoghurt and ice cream.

Oxen can be used for either beef or draft purposes. Crossing Jerseys with other breeds can also produce good steers and sometimes heifers suitable for dairy use.

temperament

The Jersey possibly has more personality than any other breed of cattle, probably because it’s also one of the smartest breeds. These cows are highly sensitive and have excellent memories. They can also be a little nervous and need to be handled calmly and gently. Children can disturb Jersey cattle.

When treated well, a Jersey cow will respond with passionate affection and loyalty. Treated badly, she will find a way to get revenge. If spoiled, she will go to great lengths to see how much of it she can get and will likely enjoy hours of provoking.

Jersey steers tend to share this excitability, stubbornness, and remarkable intelligence. This can make them a challenge for beginning ox teamsters as they have the ability to outwit unwary humans.

Taurus is something to be reckoned with. The general consensus about Jersey bulls is that they are some of the most vicious farm animals in existence. Horror stories abound about these unpredictable creatures. Suffice it to say that only a highly experienced individual should even consider owning a Jersey bull.

Health

Although Jerseys are generally known for better health than Holsteins, they are still quite delicate. Metabolic disorders are fairly common, as is conjunctivitis. Jerseys shouldn’t have their first calf too soon, because going into production at a young age can cause lasting damage to your health.

Jersey calves are particularly sensitive. They are prone to hypothermia and dehydration if not cared for very carefully. Owners report that they thrive better on mother’s milk than on calf feed, but even then they are still somewhat frail.

advantages

Availability (standard size only).

Small size which is easier on pasture (both varieties).

Excellent heat tolerance.

Excellent grazing instinct.

Longevity with good care.

early maturity.

Good fertility when kept calm.

Exceptional calving ease.

Amazing milk yield for his size.

Usually good butterfat and protein content.

Milk rich in vitamins and minerals.

Good quality meat if given enough time to finish properly.

Very lean beef.

Good tenderness and texture.

Consistent appearance that makes it easier to put together a suitable draft team.

Fast working pace.

Disadvantages

Variability in areas such as milk quality and maintenance requirements.

Somewhat difficult temper.

Poor hardiness.

Poor tolerance to extreme cold.

Short teats that are difficult to milk.

Difficulty in finishing beef if insufficient time and grit is given.

Low beef yield.

Meat very easy to overcook.

Unusual taste, which may even be a plus for some people.

Yellow fat that may turn some off.

Poor prices in the sales stable for steers and bull calves.

Limited strength as a draft ox due to small size and light muscle.

Helpful Resources

Choosing a breed of cattle

Is the jersey right for you? This book will help you assess your five needs and make that decision. Contains a brief profile of the Jersey breed. You can find free sample pages here.

The Jersey, Alderney and Guernsey cow

An old book in the commons. Contains the history of Channel Island cattle, as well as information on how to select, feed, house, breed and milk a cow.

Complete series

cattle breeds

This post may contain affiliate links. I may earn an affiliate commission if you click on a link and purchase an item at no additional cost to you. All opinions are my own.

When I bought my first Jersey cow, Gigi, I had no idea what A2 A2 milk was. My mother grew up milking my grandmother’s jerseys, so that’s the breed I wanted to raise. Before I had my own dairy cow, my mother bought local raw milk, so we knew the benefits of drinking raw milk, but had no idea about the A2 or A1 genes.

As recently as 2012, a friend sent me an article about a book called The Devil in the Milk by David Williams. Williams discusses the difference between the A1 and A2 genes found in milk and the health issues associated with the A1 gene, including type 1 diabetes, heart disease and autism. Oops! I knew I had to find out what my dairy cow was.

I decided to buy my cow through U.C. Davis’ Veterinary Genetics Laboratories. I collected Gigi’s tail hair as instructed and sent in the samples. The turnaround time was very fast and they emailed my results. She was A2A2!

Ever since then I’ve always used A2-A2 Jersey bulls to breed them and my last cow I bought, Mabel, I bought from a 3rd generation Jersey dairy specially trained for the A2-A2 -Gen breeds. I will be buying another New Jersey dairy cow from them this year after suddenly losing my sweet Mabel a year ago.

So what is A2A2?

A2-A2 milk contains the A2 type of β-casein. Most commercially available milk contains both the A2 and A1 proteins. I know from personal experience that my body copes much better with raw A2-A2 milk than with supermarket milk.

The A2-A2 gene is the oldest casein protein and is mainly found in peas. The A1 gene was a mutation that eventually became widespread among dairy breeds and is predominantly found in Holsteins.

I’m not a scientist or genetics guru, so I’m quoting the experts here. The California Dairy Research Foundation explains A2-A2 as follows:

There are two main protein groups present in cow’s milk – about 82 percent of the protein is casein and about 18 percent is whey protein. Both groups have excellent nutritional benefits.

Caseins are a group of proteins. Among caseins, beta-casein is the second most abundant protein (about a third of caseins) and has an excellent nutritional balance of amino acids.

The beta-casein group has two common variants: A1 and A2 beta-caseins. Most milk contains a mixture of these proteins. About 60 percent of beta casein is A2 and 40 percent is A1.

The proportion of A2 and A1 beta-casein in milk can vary between different dairy breeds – A2 milk contains only A2 beta-casein.

A2-A2 Milk & Health

Human breast milk is A2-A2. I didn’t know that until I read a recent article from Azure Standard…or maybe I once knew and forgot, which is entirely possible. My husband has a mind like a steel trap. I have a mind like a sieve.

I started researching the components of breast milk myself and found it to be true. The A2-A2 Company has a great article on the components of breast milk. It makes perfect sense that cow’s milk with the same β-casein gene as humans would be more beneficial than the mutated A1 gene.

Since our bodies can easily assimilate A2-A2 milk, it is said to be beneficial for those suffering from milk sensitivity. Some who have symptoms of lactose intolerance may find that they are fine drinking A2-A2 milk!

What breeds are A2A2?

The A2-A2 gene is predominantly found in traditional cow breeds such as Jersey, Guernsey, Brown Swiss and Normande. But the A1 gene can still be found in these breeds. Holstein cows can carry the A2-A2 gene, but it’s not that common. I prefer my beautiful Jersey girls. Their cute big doe eyes and smaller frame make jerseys the perfect fit for me.

Where to buy A2 A2 milk

A2-A2 milk is growing in popularity and can be found on more and more store shelves. Azure Standard now carries a new A2-A2 line of milk from Alexandre Family Farms. You can also search locally for A2 A2 milk. Small dairies or families with only a few dairy cows often sell raw milk privately (Some states prohibit the sale of raw milk, so be sure to check your state’s regulations!)

How do I find an A2 A2 cow?

So you’ve decided to go the A2-A2 route, but how do you find a cow with these genetics? Luckily, A2-A2 is becoming more and more popular. The A2-A2 Company from Australia really helped this movement spread worldwide. More and more dairies are breeding specifically for the A2-A2 beta-casein gene, so finding them is getting easier and easier!

You can do a google search for A2 A2 dairies near you. Dairies often have cows or heifers that they may not have listed anywhere but would not mind selling as a family cow. There are even Facebook groups specifically for buying/selling A2-A2 dairy cows.

When I was looking for a new A2-A2 jersey a few years ago I used JerseyDirectory.com and found Mabel’s breeders there!

You can read my guide to buying a dairy cow for the family here! And don’t forget to print out the accompanying free checklist!

Hope you found this helpful and I’ve convinced you that A2-A2 milk is better! But keep researching and find out what works best for you and your body.

Happy trails!

tiffany

Building the perfect Jersey cowshed doesn’t have to be a difficult undertaking. Dairy cows are not just for dairy farmers. People interested in living a self-sufficient lifestyle have realized the value of having a source of delicious dairy in their own backyard. Not just any dairy cow is suitable. Jerseys are the perfect addition to any small homestead. Most need between 2 and 5 hectares of land to graze.

One of the other things cattle need to stay safe and healthy is proper coverage. We have a small barn with two stables on 5 acres. It includes a covered portion for shade and an enclosure that connects to our land so our Jersey can come and go to graze throughout the day. If you have more than one cow you will need to adjust the size of your shelter. Remember that mini leotards take up less space.

Here is a quick guide to building a comfortable and safe Jersey cowshed.

Choose the right size for your shelter

Cows rest between 10 and 14 hours a day, spread over five rounds. Dairy cow stalls prevent excessive standing. Standing too long increases the risk of lameness. The recommended stall size for cows weighing between 1300 and 1500 pounds is 48 inches wide and 9 feet long. This gives dairy cows enough space to get up and change positions during the rest period. Jerseys typically weigh between 800 and 1,100 pounds, so this size is more than adequate to meet their needs. You can even narrow it down a bit to 44 inches wide and 7 feet long. Cows tend to kick their bodies forward when standing up, so it’s important to ensure your jersey has enough room for this without injuring your head or neck. Need ideas? This book is a great resource and offers several plans to fit your budget.

Deciding between bedding options

There are several options for bedding. Playpen designs work best with jerseys as they prevent your cow from rolling around in the pen, which prevents her from soiling her bedding. Freestalls are safe and comfortable for your jersey. As a bonus, they’re super easy to keep clean, reducing the time you spend each day tending to your dairy cow’s basic needs. Ventilation is important for animals, especially cattle. It is perfectly acceptable to have shelters without solid walls. At the very least, you need open-air features near the roofline.

A jersey prefabricated cowshed should be well designed and functional.

Selection of prefabricated Jersey cowsheds

Building a shelter for your dairy cow is not for everyone. Paying contractors to build one for you could be beyond your budget. A good alternative is to buy a prefab house. We chose this path for our cowshed and we are satisfied with the quality. Dairy barn kits come in all sizes, styles and price points. If you choose a prefabricated shelter, make sure the company will either install it for you or provide clear instructions and requirements for installation.

Jersey cow barn advice and other tips

Jersey Milk Cow is your one stop shop for helpful tips on getting the best out of your dairy cows. Raising a Jersey cow is not that difficult. Like most animals, they need food, shelter, and water to thrive. Want to be sure you’ll get new tips and tricks from us as soon as they go live? Take a few minutes to subscribe to our feed to have everything you need delivered straight to your inbox.

Jersey dairy cows are amazing creatures. They produce some of the most nutritious – and delicious – raw milk available. That’s the main reason most Jersey dairy cow fanatics love them. They also make excellent pets because they are docile and friendly (not to mention curious and cute). Her large, deer-like eyes and her fawn coloring make her absolutely irresistible. There’s a lot more to Jersey dairy cows than meets the eye. They are less expensive than other breeds, fit well into small farmsteads, and produce an insane amount of raw Jersey cow milk for their size. If you’re still not convinced that a Jersey dairy cow is right for you, read on to learn more about this awesome breed and why you simply need to add one to your family this year.

Jersey dairy cows hail from the adjacent English Channel coast of France on the island of Jersey.

Where do Jersey dairy cows come from?

If Jersey dairy cows could talk, they would probably say, “Comment ca va?” Because Jersey dairy cows are an ancient breed, originating from the adjacent English Channel coast of France on the island of Jersey. They first appeared in England in 1740, but have been around much longer. Researchers and agricultural historians believe that the Jersey dairy cow breed arose after the crossing of the Bos brachyceros and Bos primigenius herds in northern France.

Early settlers in America brought Jersey cattle with them in 1657, but they didn’t become popular in the United States until the 1850s.

What made Jersey dairy cows so popular?

For a long time, Jersey dairy cows were not considered productive enough to compete with the “big girls” of dairy farming in North America. Holsteins were the heifers of choice among dairy farmers in the early years. They came to the United States in 1852 and quickly won the highest award for milk production. Each Holsteiner can produce around 2,900 gallons of milk during each lactation cycle. In comparison, Jersey dairy cows yield about 1,860 gallons per lactation cycle.

However, there is one key difference between Holstein dairy cow milk and Jersey dairy cow milk. One breed produces β-casein protein while the other supplies A2 protein. What is the difference? Well, if you’re one of the 30 million American adults who are lactose intolerant, β-casein protein from Holstein dairy cows is not your friend.

Jersey dairy cows are among the dairy cow breeds that produce A2 milk. Not all Jersey dairy cows produce A2 milk, so it’s important to have them genetically tested before investing in A2 milk. Raw A2 milk is packed with nutrients that help our bodies grow and develop. Many people who think they can’t drink milk because their gut doesn’t like it can enjoy A2 milk because it contains other milk proteins that are easier to digest. This is just one of the many reasons Jersey dairy cows have gained popularity among homesteaders. Here are a few more.

Jersey dairy cows produce more milk with less feed, making them cost-effective dairy cows.

Jersey dairy cows: less feed, more milk

It wasn’t long before dairy farmers discovered they could get plenty of milk from Jersey dairy cows without overdoing the feed. With feed prices soaring these days, that’s a good thing. As prices soar, dairy farmers face difficult decisions about culling their herds. Jersey dairy cows have an advantage over Holsteins because of their size. Adult Jerseys weigh about 1,000 pounds and stand 48 inches tall, compared to a 1,500-pound Holstein at 58 inches. Holsteins can produce more gallons of milk per lactation than Jerseys, but it takes more feed to maintain this higher production.

Jersey dairy cows are more profitable

Although Holsteins produce more milk per lactation cycle than Jersey cows, Jersey dairy cows are more profitable overall. Why? Jersey cattle convert a higher percentage of their food intake into milk production. So not only does it cost less to feed them, but quite frankly they do more with less. Jersey dairy cows also do better in warmer climates, reach puberty eight weeks earlier and have stronger foraging instincts.

While most homesteaders and dairy farmers raise Jersey dairy cows for their milk, others raise them for their beef. Jersey cattle have some of the best tasting beef on the market. Breeders can fetch a pretty penny for Jersey cattle, with a common rate ranging from 60 to 80 cents per pound.

The shovel on the poop

One of the unfortunate aspects of owning cattle or other herd animals is the dung they leave behind. If dumping poo isn’t high on your priority list, the good news is that Jersey dairy cows produce less of it than other dairy cows. Why do they walk less than other dairy cows? To answer this question, let’s go back to a previous reason they gained popularity. Jersey dairy cows use their food sources more efficiently than other dairy cows. Because they are small, not only do they eat less, but they also use most of the nutrients they ingest for milk production and leave little waste behind.

Before you buy one, make sure your Jersey dairy cow is healthy and disease free.

How to buy a Jersey dairy cow

If you’re adamant that owning a Jersey dairy cow is for you, the next question that probably springs to mind is how to buy one. Buying a Jersey dairy cow can be overwhelming if you are new to homesteading. Don’t worry my friends, we’ve got you covered here at Jersey Milk Cow. Here are some of our top tips to simplify the whole process and ensure you are not being taken advantage of when choosing a quality Jersey dairy cow.

Ask for the disposition

Nobody likes a moody dairy cow, especially when you’re trying to milk her twice a day. Jersey dairy cows may be small, but they’re mighty little guys when they choose to be awkward. Stubborn Jersey cattle can make daily milking (and pretty much every other daily grooming task) nearly impossible. Before you spend your cold hard cash on a Jersey dairy cow, ask to spend some time with her to assess her behavior. Request a chance to feed and milk the cow to get a good feel for a feral child before sticking around.

Check vaccination records

Some vaccinations for Jersey dairy cows are required depending on where you live. If you intend to sell your cow’s raw milk or use it to make raw milk products, then vaccination compliance is a must. Jersey dairy cows are susceptible to three categories of diseases:

Clostridial bacteria infect the intestinal system of cows. Some vets offer a 7-way vaccine to cover multiple types of Clostridial bacterial disease.

affects the intestinal system of cows. Some vets offer a 7-way vaccine to cover multiple types of Clostridial bacterial disease. Reproductive bacteria and viruses affect fertility, with bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1) being the most common type.

and viruses affect fertility, with bovine herpesvirus (BHV-1) being the most common type. Respiratory bacteria and viruses attack a dairy cow’s respiratory system. Most veterinarians offer a live five-modified vaccine to protect against these diseases.

Make sure your Jersey dairy cow is healthy before you buy her so you don’t end up putting a lot of money into her.

Test for staph and other infections

Fewer things are worse for a Jersey dairy cow than a Staph A infection causing mastitis. Dairy cattle with mastitis produce contaminated milk. Worse, the infection can spread to all dairy cows if you have more than one Jersey dairy cow on your homestead or small dairy farm. Make sure any Jersey cattle you buy are staph free. Other diseases of concern are E. coli 157H7, Salmonella, Campylobacter and Listeria Monocytogenes.

Work with local breeders

Favor local breeders over livestock auctions if you want to be confident in health and temperament. Most local breeders allow potential buyers to inspect Jersey cattle prior to purchase so they know exactly what they are getting. While Jersey cattle auctions provide some information, you can get a first-hand appreciation when the transaction is conducted on a more personal level with a local breeder.

Proper housing is one of the three essential ingredients in caring for your Jersey dairy cow.

How to care for your Jersey dairy cow

Caring for your Jersey dairy cow is not difficult. Like most herd animals, they need food, fresh water, and shelter to stay healthy and happy. You should also plan to milk your Jersey cow at least twice a day to keep her production levels high and her udders healthy.

Grazing your Jersey cattle is part of the daily feeding routine. You can also supplement livestock feed, called feed. Jersey dairy cows also love alfalfa pellets, stye, and salt blocks in moderation. Access to fresh water is part of proper nutrition for your Jersey Cattle.

The shelter is easy. We use a two stall barn on our 5 acres which gives us more than enough space for milking and other cow needs. Our barn has a covered area for shade and a corral connected to our land for grazing. You can find prefabricated shelters for your Jersey dairy cows online.

Jersey cattle for every homestead

Jersey cattle complete every homestead. You can enjoy their A2 dairy grade for yourself or make a tidy profit selling raw Jersey cow milk and dairy products to your local community. Do you have other questions about Jersey cattle that we haven’t answered here? Feel free to ask them in the comments and we will do our best to fulfill them. You can also explore our other blogs here on our site to learn more about this amazing dairy breed.

Sources:

August 10, 2017

We currently have 6 beef cattle on the farm. After slaughter, that’s about 2,200 pounds of boneless, trimmed beef. Wow! That’s a lot of food for our members…literally.

Our beef cattle are a little different from other beef cattle, which gives them a distinct and unique flavor. Here’s why. Breed wise, our dairy cows are 80% Jersey and 20% Jersey crossbreeds. Of course we let them get close to our Jersey bull. However, if there is a dairy cow that for some reason does not match the bull, we use artificial insemination with sperm from an Angus bull. The calf will be an Angus Jersey cross and will be raised for beef.

Most beef cattle belong to the Angus breed. Angus cattle were specially bred from native cattle in Scotland. They are known for pitch-black skin, fine marbling of fat, reliable tenderness, and rapid growth. Jersey cattle are not typically favored by farmers because they take longer to raise and they don’t grow as large as Angus cattle. On the other hand, many have reported that Jersey beef tastes amazing and that the fat is a beautiful yellow color, indicating high nutritional content from eating grass. By creating an Angus/Jersey cross, we add a dimension to the flavor and nutritional content of our beef not found elsewhere. We get the best of both breeds.

Our beef cattle live next to our dairy cows. They feed on mature grass and live the same active grazing lifestyle. The only difference is that they do not go into the barn to be milked.

Our farmer waits until the cows are 2-3 years old before slaughtering them. He knows it’s time when the cow’s backbone isn’t visible and covered in healthy fat. Abundant fat is an indicator that the meat will be tasty and tasty (FYI, yellow fat indicates the cow was grass-fed, and white fat indicates the cow was grain-fed).

I like to buy beef bundles from the farm. It’s just more economical for my family. This summer my family enjoyed Steak Bundle 2. I prepped the steaks with salt and pepper about an hour ahead of time and grilled them on medium. My favorite side dishes with steak are roasted chemical-free potatoes, sautéed kale and garlic, quinoa cooked in bone broth, and steamed green beans with a dollop of salted butter.

Nothing in 2020 was routine or normal, including the way cattle were bought and sold at public auctions and the prices paid for registered Jersey genetics. Only a single consignment sale offering jerseys was conducted in mid-March before most auction rings closed due to quarantine. Four sales took place over the next three months – three of them as virtual events. As of the end of the second quarter of 2020, only 235 lots of registered jerseys were reported to Jersey Journal as being sold at public auction. Beef sales returned with a vengeance in the fall as venues reopened their doors and the world learned how to do business with safety measures in place. In September, October and November, more than 1,200 registered jerseys were sold through eight consignment sales and one pair of scatter sales.

2020 Auction Sale Summary 487 Cows, two years and over $1,548.36 $754,050 4 calves under three months, sold with dam $750.00 $3,000 565 Bred heifers $1,149.38 $649,400 318 3rd trimester bred heifers $1,150.86 $365,975 145 2nd trimester bred heifers $1,148.10 $166,950 102 1st trimester bred heifers $1,146.57 $116,950 70 Open yearlings $1,270.36 $88,925 326 Heifer calves $1,999.86 $651,955 4 Bulls $35,512.50 $142,050 3 Embryos or flush packages $4,000.00 $12,000 12 Choices of calves $4,241.67 $50,900 1 Right to flush $5,900.00 $5,900 1,468 Lots $1,606.39 $2,358,180

So what’s in the rear-view mirror of the Jersey breed for public auctions in 2020 – the year of the infamous COVID-19 quarantine? A total of 1,468 units were sold at 16 public auctions for an average of $1,606.39 and gross proceeds of $2,358,180. The average is as low as it has been since 2009 and 2011 when registered jerseys sold for $1,626.81 and $1,590.28 respectively. Although the total number of lots sold is also small, it is at the level of recent years given the shortened sales season. Most recently, 2,409 units were sold in 2019 and 2,525 in 2018.

While some aspects of the livestock marketing world have changed in 2020, others have not. The prices paid for super elite genetics and livestock continue the trend of recent years. At three of the Jersey breed’s elite auctions – the All American Jersey Sale, the National Heifer Sale and the Top of the World Sale – six high genetic heifer calves were eliminated for more than $21,000 each. The National Heifer Sale posted a new series high average of $10,996.88 despite the pandemic. The year’s best seller, BW Graduate, was syndicated at The All American Jersey Sale for $90,000 and another homozygous polled bull, JX Hawarden Lazer {5}-PP, was syndicated at The Polled Power Sale for $51,000. Premium pricing was also offered for elite genomics in less traditional lots at Top of the World, with an embryo pack selling for $9,625 and a flush right fetching $5,900. Genetics that did well in the show ring also brought top dollar in 2020.

As usual, buyers showed their appreciation for deep pedigrees and cattle effectively managed through the sustainable use of American Jersey Cattle Association programs. Examples include the Normandell Dispersal, which averaged $1,611.08 across 79 lots, and the Clover Patch Cornucopia IV, which averaged $1,059.77 across 217 lots, almost half of which were calves. Demand for cattle featured in the Clover Patch Sale also showed growing interest in niche markets such as the A2/A2 gene for beta-casein.

Perhaps the pandemic has summed up trends that have been playing out in livestock trading circles for several years. Online opportunities are becoming the norm to save on transportation, accommodation and health testing costs and for the sake of efficiency. Also, fewer animals go on commission sale because the use of sexed semen is common along with the practice of breeding lower females with beef sires. Only time will tell how much “normalcy” returns to the world of cattle marketing in 2021 and beyond.

The 16 public auctions included in the sales analysis took place in the United States during calendar year 2020 and were filed with the Jersey Journal through January 4, 2021. Only sales reported with full catalogs and tagged with buyers and prices for all animals are included. Sales of less than 10 units will be included in the summary, but will not be counted as high average sales. However, animals sold in sales of fewer than 10 are among the best-selling individuals.

To read the full analysis, read the February issue of The Jersey Journal or click here to view the article as a PDF. The article also includes a listing of the year’s top sales, as well as average and top sales.

Eric Rector with his three year old Dexter cow and her newborn calf.

So you’re thinking about getting a family cow. I’m sure you’ve come up with many good reasons: 10 months of fresh milk a year, plenty of cream, quiet moments in the barn, leaning your head on the cow while you milk and watch the rest of the world go by… and the list goes on.

But there are other points to consider. There’s milking, feeding, grazing, sifting and chilling your milk, washing the dishes, cleaning the barn (and removing manure), tending the cows, hand-watering them and raising a calf. Having a family cow is a great resource to have on your homestead, but it takes hard work. Here is an overview of everything you need to know about raising a family cow.

Temporal considerations

So the rewards are great for keeping a family cow. But you must consider the requirements for a cow. It’s not just any old farm animal.

So consider the time it takes to keep a cow:

Milking – 20 minutes in the morning and 20 minutes in the evening

Feeding – 10 minutes in the morning and 10 minutes in the evening

Pastures – 1 or 2 minutes if you have cable routes from the barn to the pastures

Strain and chill milk – 5 minutes for bottle washing, filling and dating

Rinse utensils – 5 to 10 minutes

Separate and tidy up cream – 10 to 15 minutes daily or every other day

Making Butter – 30 minutes (add more time for making other products)

Cleaning the stable and removing manure – approx. 15 minutes

Grooming the cow – about 5 minutes

Pour by hand – 5 to 10 minutes

Raising a Calf – The time it takes depends on who is feeding it: you or the cow. You will also want to teach her to lead and respect the fence. Allow a total of 5 hours or more

Haying or growing other crops to feed the cow will also take time if you raise the forage yourself

So you need two to two and a half hours for the daily tasks and more time to train the calf and raise the feed.

Which breed to buy

The most important factors to consider when choosing a breed for your family cow are how much milk you want each day and what size cow you want. Bigger cows eat more and need bigger and more solid stalls. Many people choose to breed a Jersey cow – the breed that looks like a large deer. They are the smallest (800 pounds on average) and produce the highest butterfat milk of the large dairy breeds, two very positive traits. Keep in mind that you need 10 liters of milk to make 1 liter of cream, and 1 liter of cream only makes 1 pound of butter or 1 1/2 liters of ice cream. Jerseys can produce 6 gallons of 5% butterfat milk each day. This is a highly productive animal.

When choosing your cow, you will likely buy an animal that has been culled from the herd because it produces less – which is fine. They would have trouble consuming 6 gallons of milk each day and therefore a productive cow would be much more expensive.

Choosing a large breed will make your search easier and potentially give you more cows to choose from. Choosing another, smaller breed will take a little more work, but you might find one that is better suited to your situation. Here are some smaller breeds available in Maine:

dexter

Registered cows have a shoulder height of 36 to 42 inches at three years of age and weigh approximately 750 pounds. Dexters produce meat and milk. Dexters are productive milkers for their size. You can easily raise two calves at a time or produce 1.5 to 2.5 gallons per day at 4% butterfat. The breed matures early and you can economically produce their beef, which also has excellent flavor with good marbling. You can complete grass-fed Dexter steers from 18 to 24 months of age without supplemental feeding at an average live weight of around 770 pounds. Dexters are known for their longevity and should be regularly bred to 14 years or more. Calving problems are rare, the calves are fast on their feet, full of character and have a lively, inquisitive temperament.

milking devon

The Milking Devon is a bright red, medium-sized, three-purpose (dairy, beef and steer) breed adapted to survive on a diet high in non-quality forage and in harsh climates. This healthy, long-lived breed thrives on good care and management. Average milk production is about 2 gallons per day if the calf is nursing during the day but not at night, or 4 to 5 gallons per day if a calf is not nursing. The butterfat content is 4 to 5%, even if the cow gets little or no grain.

Kerry

The Kerry is a small, fine-boned dairy breed that is mostly black. Cows weigh 780 to 1000 pounds and are horned. Milk production averages 3 to 4 gallons per day with over 4% butterfat. Kerrys are hardy and long-lived, often still calving as young as 14-15 years of age.

canadienne

Well adapted to Canada’s climate, soil and herbs, the Canadienne does not require expensive, imported foods or intensive care. It is small (cows weigh 1000 to 1100 pounds), long-lived, and has an exceptionally docile temperament. Canadiennes produce good amounts of quality milk (2 to 3 gallons at 4% butterfat) relative to their body size and dietary requirements. The meat is rather lean and the light bone results in a high proportion of usable meat in relation to the total body weight.

Dutch belt

Dutch Belted have small bones, so calving is easy. They have unusual longevity and fertility, high meat yields, and friendly dispositions, making them attractive to livestock and dairy farmers using grass-based methods. They can produce 8 gallons of milk per day without grain if they are not feeding a calf.

milking shorthorn

One of the greatest qualities of this breed is its versatility. These docile cows efficiently produce large quantities of nutritious milk (5 gallons of 4% butterfat per day) during each lactation and are large enough to have high residual value when their long, productive lives finally come to an end. Her calves, born easily at regular calving intervals each year, are brave at birth and grow quickly. Those not kept for breeding stock and herd replacements make efficient profits and hang up much-coveted carcasses. They do well on homegrown roughage and grass.

Choosing a breeder

After you decide on a breed, you need to take a good look at the individual cow and the person who is selling her. If possible, find out more about your source of supply or your farmer or get a recommendation. Beware of the “rejected” cow: will it be sold because it gives too little milk? Health or breeding issues may be more likely, so get the cow’s health history from the farmer. Once she has had milk fever she will often have it at each annual calving. This is a life-threatening disease, so vigilance is important.

If you don’t mind waiting for milk, consider raising a calf as your family cow. Breed her at 15-20 months for first milk nine months later.

look for features

The back should be relatively straight and not arched.

The udder should be close to the body; it should not hang so low that you will have trouble getting the bucket under it; and it should be soft and pliable.

Teat ends should reach an even level.

The legs should be straight.

Their pasterns (the part of their foot between the pastern and the hoof) should have good suspension.

Toes should be trimmed and eyes clear.

She should have a friendly, calm demeanor, with nothing more than a slight curiosity as you gaze at her. Watch her get milked at least once.

Have the cow examined by a vet if you are unsure of your own assessment and have her checked for tuberculosis and brucellosis.

If you don’t have much experience milking cows, consider purchasing an adult cow that is confirmed in pregnancy and in the last trimester of her pregnancy. She will be comfortable with the routine and her udder will be softer than that of a fresh cow.

Feed your family cow

Keeping a cow close to a pasture is important for economic reasons. You can feed purchased hay to a cow year-round, but it’s more expensive. Depending on the quality of the forage from the pasture, you will need 1 to 2 acres to feed your cow.

What and how to feed

Management-intensive grazing (MIG) – a method of pasture rotation – will maximize pasture production. The cow will eat feed in a paddock and within 12 hours to three days will be moved to a new paddock to regrow the old paddock and allow the plants to return nutrients to their storage roots before the cow returns. Depending on the weather, the cow can return to the first paddock in 14 to 40 days. With MIG, permanent pastures become a miracle of biodiversity, so that something grows almost regardless of the weather.

Maine farmer Conrad Heeschen says that with good planning, cows can be grazed from early May to the first week of December. If you don’t like “grass milk,” he adds, you can let the cow graze during the day and keep her in the barn at night. She’ll produce less milk, which is good if you’re trying to reduce her production, and morning milk won’t have that grassy taste.

what they feed

Planting additional crops can extend the fresh crop season and reduce forage costs if you have level ground to till. You can chop small grains or carry Sudan grass to your family cow, or you can grow barley, oats or corn (and the stalks or straw can be saved for winter fodder). Lack, turnips and other root crops or cabbage or winter squash can be stored and fed to cows during the winter, which will eat surplus produce from the garden or orchard. Just make sure the pieces are either big enough that they need to be chewed or small enough that they don’t get stuck in the cow’s throat.

Cows are bred to produce milk. The cow you buy comes with these genetics. If you don’t feed her enough, she will continue to produce milk and feed the calf growing in her uterus at the expense of her own body. So unless you want a highly productive animal that is expensive to feed, choose a small cow that hasn’t milked particularly well or is of a breed that uses roughage efficiently.

As a rule of thumb, a cow will eat 2 to 2.5 pounds of hay per day for every 100 pounds of body weight (about a 30 to 40 pound bale per day). If feeding grain, the usual ration is 16% dairy, which balances well with most pasture or hay. Another rule of thumb is to give 1 pound of grain for every 3 pounds. from milk. If you prefer not to buy grain, once the quality feed has met a cow’s maintenance needs, simply meet the additional carbohydrate and protein needs with some of the nutrient dense feeds above.

Other considerations

Conrad Heeschen’s Jersey produces 3 gallons of milk each day early in lactation when a calf is not nursing, and later 2 gallons – without grain feeding. Breeding family cows over many generations, his Jersey is adapted to this diet.

A good salt and mineral mix formulated for ruminants and maybe some kelp is well worth the money, especially if your pasture and hayfields have not received mineral supplements. Cows use a loose mix more efficiently than a less expensive block.

Also make sure the cow has a supply of good water; She needs water to make milk. Always have water available, in a tub in the barn or in the pasture. Make sure you have at least one good drink in the morning and evening during the winter when the water in the tub freezes.

Housing

It is crucial for a cow to feel comfortable for many reasons. You can house a cow in a three-sided stall, but if you’re milking her in the winter you’ll probably want a more secure structure. The ideal is a 10 x 10 foot stall where the cow lives and a 4 foot wide by 4 foot long stall or stall with a head gate for milking. Plan the setup so that cleaning is as easy as possible.

Whitewash the wood in the barn for sanitary reasons. Van Loon gives this recipe: Dissolve 3 pounds. salt in 1.5 gallons of water, then add 10 pounds. hydrated lime. Blend this into a thick paste or add more water for desired consistency. Add 1 pound of casein glue if you want a less fluffy whitewash.

storage

You will need a space of at least 10 x 10 x 10 feet to store 2 tons of loose hay, the amount needed for a year. To find the number of tons in a mowing operation, multiply length x width x height (in feet) and divide by 400 to 500 depending on how long the hay was stored. The number varies slightly depending on the type of hay.

You’ll need extra space when you buy bedding and grain. Remember that no system is perfect and animals always escape eventually. Make sure the grain is in a container that the cow or calf cannot open to avoid a sad ending to the story.

Milk your family cow

planning

They have to milk twice a day for 10 months a year. The process must be regular, otherwise the cow will feel uncomfortable and her performance will suffer. This can be done on two possible schedules: either 12 hours apart or on a 10 and 14 hour schedule e.g. at 8 am and 6 pm Milking once a day is possible if you leave the calf inside during the day and separate it at night and milk the cow yourself in the morning; but do not do this when the calf is very young. Begin separation when the calf is two months old; When she is fully weaned by four to six months, return to milking twice a day, or lower the cow’s milk yield (e.g., by feeding her less grain) and resume milking once a day. Make such plan changes slowly—cows are creatures of habit.

How to milk your cow

Milking begins with a calm, relaxed environment for you and the cow. A cow that is very used to being milked can simply be tethered to a post in the barn, but it is more advisable to hold the cow in a prop to get the two of you used to each other and to get used to hand milking get used to.

Only invest in a milking machine if you are not strong enough to milk by hand. The machine does not save time: Setting up and cleaning takes as much time as milking by hand.

Clean and “let down”

First clean the side of the cow you will be milking (usually the right side) with a brush or curry comb. Then take your stool, tie up her tail when it’s dirty, sit next to the cow and make yourself comfortable. Have a bucket of warm water, disinfectant and a cloth ready. Pay special attention to the ends of the teats and wash the udder with a little force, partly to imitate a calf stimulating the cow. The cow’s hormonal response to this stimulation is to “drain” milk from the cluster-like structure, the alveoli, in the udder into the teat canal. Draining only takes about 10 minutes, so you have to proceed directly to milking.

milking

If a teat or udder is sore, start gently. Gently squeeze the top of the teat (closest to the pouch) between your thumb and forefinger. This closes the top of the teat. Then close the next finger, then the next, then the next (one at a time) over the teat and squeeze the milk out of the end of the teat. Release and allow more milk to enter the teat, then repeat the previous movements. You will soon develop a rhythm. Each cow refills her teat at a different rate (depending on how full the udder is); You need to calculate the rate over time.

Once you get the hang of one hand, start working on two teats at a time—either the two in front, then the two in back, or the two on each side—alternating one and the other. Squirt the first or second stream from each teat onto a clean spot on the floor or into a strip cup to see how the milk looks. It shouldn’t have lumps or be discolored. The first piece of milk from the teat is also the most likely to contain bacteria, which can cause the milk to spoil more quickly.

After the blood flow has subsided, begin taking one teat at a time by massaging the udder above it with your other hand. This will “strip” them well and bring the richest part of the milk to the udder. Get out as much milk as possible to prevent a disease in the udder called mastitis. If you have the calf on the cow part or all of the day, this is not so important as long as you are sure the calf is suckling all four quarters.

breed

Breed your cow annually, preferably in the summer for a spring calf if this milking schedule works for your family. Summer breaks from milking are good if you have other farm chores, but it’s not good for optimizing the conversion of grass into milk. A winter break with spring calving gives both the cow and the farmer a natural time to rest.

When choosing between artificial insemination (AI) and a bull, you need to get the timing right and pay for the AI, while a bull needs to be found, fenced in, fed, and you need to be comfortable around a bull. To detect heat, see if the cow is “standing” to step up from other cows, has significant vaginal discharge, or has “moon eyes” and lower milk production (when in milk). If possible, breed in the standing phase. See Van Loon’s book (below) for information on how long fertility lasts.

health care

Find out how your cow behaves. look at her How often does she eat, drink, lie down, belch, and ruminate? After learning what is normal for your cow, you will quickly spot signs of illness.

The main diseases that dairy cows can get are:

Mastitis – an inflammation of the udder

Ketosis – a metabolic disorder brought on by living a rich life

Milk fever – a calcium deficiency after boosting (calves get)

Hardware – getting a nail in her reticulum (the front compartment of the stomach)

tinea

lice

internal parasites

pink eye – an inflammation of the eye

Hairy warts – a viral disease that causes a wart-like protrusion between the fingers

Finally

The benefits of having a family cow might motivate you to buy one. But remember there is a lot more to educating one. Choosing the right breed, making sure it has adequate housing, a pasture to graze on, the right feed and adequate health care are just some of the parts of raising a family cow. MOFGA has a complete list of accepted farming practices, products and ingredients.

Now that you know how to raise a family cow, it’s time to learn how to raise other organic livestock.

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Diane Schivera, MOFGA’s Assistant Director of Agricultural Services, specializes in animal science. You can reach her at 207-568-4142 or [email protected].

resources

I recommend two books: The Family Cow by Dirk van Loon (Garden Way Publishing, Charlotte, Vt.) and Keeping a Family Cow by Joann Grohman (see www.real-food.com/). Everyone has valuable information. Van Loon’s is more straightforward and practical, while Grohman’s is more extensive, with added precautions and philosophies.

You can also sign up for The Family Cow listing service at https://familycow.proboards32.com/index.cgi; and good articles appear on the Internet from Mother Earth News, including Hank Rate’s “The One-Cow Family Meets the One-Family Cow” (issue #2 – March/April 1970; see also issue #15 – May/June 1972 ). ); and from Backwoods Home Magazine, including “Finding, Buying, Milking, and Living with the Family Dairy Cow” by Jayn Steidl Thibodeau at www.backwoodshome.com/articles/thibodeau36.html.

Douglass, William Campbell II, MD, The Milk Book: The Milk of Human Kindness is Unpasteurized. Rhino Publishing, S.A., 2003, at www.drdouglass.com/.

The Weston A. Price Foundation at www.westonaprice.org (especially for the benefits of raw milk).

Thanks to MOFGA members Polly Shyka, Prentice Grassi, and Conrad Heeschen for contributing to this article.

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Looking for more milk resources? Check out our Basic Cheesemaking Video Course led by Eric Rector!

Most cattle can live up to 22 years. A Jersey cow can live even longer, with some exceeding their 25th birthday. One of the oldest living Jersey cows had died at a UK animal shelter aged 37. There is no universal answer to how long a Jersey cow will live. How long your Jersey cow lives depends on several factors, including the conditions you keep them in. Most pasture-fed Jersey cows live longer than their grain-fed counterparts. This is where homesteaders have an advantage over commercial dairy farms. Let’s look at some of the things you can do to help your dairy cow live her best – and longest – life.

Do Jersey cows live longer than other dairy cows?

Depends on. Jersey cows raised on homesteads fare better than Jersey cows who spend their lives on commercial dairy farms. Homesteaders treat their Jerseys more like four-legged family members (who happen to produce delicious milk) than money-makers. Cows of all breeds raised on commercial dairy farms live an average of four to five years before being slaughtered. As their milk production decreases, they become less valuable to their owners.

Jersey cows are generally healthier than other dairy breeds. They are less susceptible to mastitis, which can kill a dairy cow if not recognized and treated quickly. Most Jersey cows living on homesteads are also fed pasture, which is better for their overall health. Pasture feeding your Jersey is also better for the human, who will consume the cow’s milk (and cheese, yogurt, and ice cream).

How many years will a Jersey cow produce milk?

When homesteaders refer to the lifespan of their livestock, they include the lifespan of their cow’s milk production. Most Jersey cows produce high quality milk for 2.5 to 4 years. You need to eat between 2 and 2.5 pounds per 100 pounds of body weight to meet your daily calorie needs. Supplementing your dairy cow’s diet with fermented barley grain can increase milk production. If you treat your Jersey properly, they will give up to 18 liters of buttermilk each day during their high milk producing years.

Keeping your Jersey cow’s barn free of manure allows your cow to stay healthier and live longer.

How you can help your Jersey cow live longer

If you are anything like us, you love your Jersey Cows. They are part of your extended family, so naturally you want them to live long. We’ve already covered grass-fed is better, so let’s talk about some other things you can do to help your cattle stay healthy. In addition to good quality feeding practices, homesteaders should also:

Milk your cow every day. Ideally, you should milk your Jersey cow twice a day. You can do this by hand or with a milking machine, whichever you prefer. Keep all your milking equipment disinfected to ensure your milk is fresh and hygienic and to prevent your cow from developing an infection such as mastitis.

Ideally, you should milk your Jersey cow twice a day. You can do this by hand or with a milking machine, whichever you prefer. Keep all your milking equipment disinfected to ensure your milk is fresh and hygienic and to prevent your cow from developing an infection such as mastitis. Provide a clean shelter. Replace bedding contaminated with manure and keep the shelter swept daily. When dairy cow owners don’t take the time to sanitize bedding, they make their dairy cows more susceptible to illnesses and diseases that can affect their milk production and overall health.

Replace bedding contaminated with manure and keep the shelter swept daily. When dairy cow owners don’t take the time to sanitize bedding, they make their dairy cows more susceptible to illnesses and diseases that can affect their milk production and overall health. Conduct regular wellness checks. Visiting the vet several times a year is normal for most dairy cows. During the calving season, they may need to come by more often. When the vet isn’t around, it’s up to the ranchers to inspect their cows to make sure they’re staying healthy. Call the appropriate health team member if you suspect any problems.

Visiting the vet several times a year is normal for most dairy cows. During the calving season, they may need to come by more often. When the vet isn’t around, it’s up to the ranchers to inspect their cows to make sure they’re staying healthy. Call the appropriate health team member if you suspect any problems. Vaccinate your livestock. Cows can be vaccinated against common diseases and dewormed as needed to stay healthy if cattle owners so desire.

Care tips for your Jersey dairy cow

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May your Jersey cows live long and thrive!