Nitrile Gloves Coconut Oil? Top 50 Best Answers

“Preparation of Rigid Polyurethane Foam Using Medium-Chain Glycerides from Coconut Oil and End-of-Life Vehicle Plastics”

ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Technology

End-of-life vehicles, with their plastic, metal and rubber components, are responsible for millions of tons of waste worldwide every year. Now, a team at ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering reports that the plastic components in these vehicles can be recycled with coconut oil and reused as foams for the construction, packaging and automotive industries.

Recycled polycarbonate (PC) and polyurethane (PUR) are ideal for building insulation, refrigerators, cushions and packaging products. But it can be a challenge for plastic auto parts to reach that point. Some plastic waste from vehicles can be easily recycled; However, PC and PUR materials require a more complex chemical recycling process. Additionally, paints and coatings on PC and PUR plastics from automobiles typically disrupt the process and lead to degradation of the recycled product. And simply adding some types of recycled PC and PUR materials to existing insulation foams, for example, can cause the foams to become too dense or brittle. Although researchers have developed various chemical recycling techniques, very few have attempted to use them to produce viable products. Hynek Beneš, Aleksander Prociak and colleagues wanted to take a new approach to converting PC and PUR into recycled materials, hoping to expand their applications.

The researchers had previously shown that coconut oil can degrade PC. Here, the team developed a method for recovering PC and PUR from car waste using coconut oil and microwaves. This created a renewable and recycled product that did not degrade. This product can be combined with an existing foam and the integrity of the insulation foam will be maintained. In addition, this new material was stable at high temperatures, making it ideal for incorporation into insulating materials for the construction industry.

The authors acknowledge funding from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport and the Ministry of Science and Higher Education within the Polish-Czech bilateral project and from the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sport, National Sustainability Program (European Commission).

Note: ACS does not conduct research but publishes and releases peer-reviewed scientific studies.

Disposable gloves made of nitrile are enjoying rapidly growing popularity. More and more people are realizing the many benefits they bring, such as: B. Superior level of comfort, protection and durability.

Because of this, both black and blue nitrile gloves are quickly becoming the most popular choice in labs. If you are considering investing in nitrile medical gloves it is important that you understand exactly what they are, the different types available and what they are best used for. Today we answer our most frequently asked questions about disposable nitrile gloves.

What are nitrile gloves?

Probably the most popular material, they are made from synthetic materials, are completely latex-free, safe for people with latex allergies, have sensitive skin and are more durable than their vinyl and latex counterparts. Nitrate disposable gloves are designed for single use, so they can be thrown away or recycled after a single use.

Many labs are switching to powder-free gloves because they offer the best possible protection against a wide range of hazards and chemicals.

For more information on the difference between nitrile, latex and vinyl gloves, read our guide here.

What can disposable nitrate gloves protect against?

The primary reason for wearing gloves of any type in a laboratory environment is to provide a high level of skin protection from hazards. Nitrile gloves offer protection against a wide range of chemicals including ethanol, formaldehyde, hydrogen peroxide, nitric acid, phenol, sodium hydroxide and sulfuric acid.

This is not an exhaustive list and there are many other chemicals that these gloves can protect against.

What are powder-free nitrile gloves?

Disposable gloves are generally available in both powdered and powder-free versions. Powder-free nitrile gloves are made with a powder-free formulation that reduces the risk of contact dermatitis. In addition, this type of glove can help reduce the risk of particle contamination during use.

With powdered nitrile gloves, there is a risk of cross-contamination from the powder when the gloves are removed.

Are all nitrile gloves powder free?

No, not all nitrile gloves are powder free. There are different types of nitrile gloves and some are powdered and some are not. Which type of nitrile gloves is best for you depends on your application and needs. Powdered gloves will absorb any moisture, making them easy to remove and perfect for those times when you need to put them on and take them off regularly.

Powder-free nitrile gloves are a safer alternative and avoid the risk of powder contamination and also cause less dermatitis and allergic reactions.

What are blue nitrile gloves and when should you use them?

When shopping for gloves, you may come across a variety of colors. Disposable gloves are available in different colors to improve health and safety. There are no specific rules as to which color gloves should be used for which industry, but blue gloves are the most commonly used. Some people opt for a combination of blue nitrile gloves and another color. This is because you are wearing a light colored glove e.g. B. pink, wear under a neutral or blue glove and can easily see if cracks or tears appear.

What is the difference between surgical gloves and nitrile gloves?

Traditionally, surgical gloves are made from latex. Medical nitrile gloves are a great alternative made from a synthetic copolymer. There is an additional work step in production, which is why they used to be significantly more expensive than latex surgical gloves.

Technological advances in recent years have led to more cost-effective methods of manufacturing disposable nitrile gloves. Today, both nitrile and latex gloves are affordable options.

Why do blue nitrile gloves turn yellow?

Blue nitrile gloves sometimes begin to yellow, leaving yellow stains on the skin after use. This is caused by the acids in the skin and sweat reacting with the nitrile. Other chemicals such as nitric acid can cause the same color change. It is nothing to worry about and is a normal part of wearing blue nitrile gloves.

Are standard nitrile gloves disposable?

Yes, nitrile gloves are disposable gloves. They are also recyclable through programs like Terracycle. Due to the nature of nitrile, this PPE must be recycled separately in standard recycling bins. Nitrile disposable gloves are also biodegradable, but they take a long time to break down naturally.

An important PPE item

Whether you are a lab technician in a school or a lab technician working in a fume hood, disposable gloves have always been an important part of your PPE inventory. This is even more true now with the advent of COVID-19.

PPE was in short supply at the start of the pandemic, with massive shortages across the UK, particularly in hospitals and care homes. Thankfully, that is no longer the case and despite the launch of the vaccination program in early 2021, many PPE products such as face masks continue to be used regularly in more than just the health and science arenas.

This means you still need to provide a high level of protection to protect your students, in the case of schools, and your staff.

Freedom Day…or maybe not!

Social distancing guidelines may have been relaxed, and while you’re able to buy high-potency sanitizing cleaning products, they’ll only get you so far. Schools and businesses must implement the same rigorous standards as the healthcare industry. Protecting hands, face and cleaning the air you breathe is vital.

With cases spiking lately due to the Delta variant, over 1 million children are leaving school before the end of the school year and food shortages are being reported across the country as staff have to self-isolate and are “pinged” by the Test and Trace app ‘ Make sure you take the necessary precautions and have essential PPE items available. This will go a long way in stopping the crises schools and businesses are in.

Whatever you need, whenever you need it

At EduLab we not only stock a range of gloves including disposable nitrile, silicone and vinyl gloves, we also stock everything you need to ensure surfaces and equipment are thoroughly sanitized, PPE and safety products and COVID Test devices, including capsules and partitions.

Explore our selection or contact our knowledgeable and friendly team for more information.

Category: Molded Rubber Parts, Technical Features

Nitrile, Buna-N or NBR rubber is a widely used elastomer, thanks in large part to its high oil and fuel resistance and tensile strength. In this article, Martin’s Rubber Company explains more about the properties, applications, advantages and disadvantages of this versatile rubber material. Nitrile rubber is a synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene, which you may be more familiar with by trade names such as Nipol, Krynac and Europrene N. Why should you specify nitrile for your application? Let’s find out by taking a closer look at this rubber material.

What is Buna-N?

Nitrile (also known as NBR rubber and Buna-N) is the most widely used and economical elastomer in the sealing industry. One of the reasons for this is that it has excellent resistance to petroleum-based oils, fuels, water, alcohols, silicone greases and hydraulic fluids. However, it also has a good balance of desirable processing properties such as low compression set, high abrasion resistance, and high tensile strength.

Properties of NBR rubber

Nitrile is a family of unsaturated copolymers of 2-propenenitrile and butadiene monomers (1,2-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene). Its physical and chemical properties vary depending on the nitrile composition of the polymer. The more nitrile there is in the polymer, the higher its resistance to oils, but the lower its flexibility. Nitrile rubber is more resistant than natural rubber to oils and acids and has superior strength but suffers from less flexibility.

Where is nitrile used?

Nitrile rubber is used in a variety of applications such as B. O-rings, gaskets, oil seals, automotive drive belts, hoses, V-belts, synthetic leather, latex-free disposable gloves, applicator rollers for printers and cable jackets. NBR latex can also be used in the manufacture of adhesives or as a pigment binder.

Pros and cons of Buna-N

Nitrile offers the following advantages:

Excellent abrasion resistance.

Good recoil.

Good tear resistance.

Good non-polar solvent resistance.

Good water resistance.

Good oil resistance.

Cheaper than fluoroelastomers

Nitrile has the following disadvantages:

Poor ozone, sunlight and weather resistance.

Limited high temperature resistance.

Poor flame resistance.

Martin’s Rubber nitrile rubber products

Speak to one of our consultants today to learn more about our nitrile rubber manufacturing capabilities. We can guide you through your options and provide you with honest and informed advice to help you specify the ideal product for your application. Speak to us today on 023 8022 6330 or email [email protected].

The article The pros and cons of nitrile rubber, NBR or Buna-N was first published by Martin’s Rubber Company.

Find the right work glove solution

Explore our extensive inventory to discover the hand protection and PPE you need for every situation.

Find a glove

introduction

The OSHA standards for personal protective equipment (PPE) for general industry (29 CFR 1910.132-1910.140) have been in effect since 1994. One of these standards (29 CFR 1910.138) specifically addresses the need for hand protection or chemical resistant gloves:

(a) Adequate hand protection must be worn when hands are exposed to hazards such as skin absorption of contaminants, severe cuts, injuries or abrasions, punctures, chemical or thermal burns and harmful temperature extremes.

(b) Employers shall base the selection of appropriate hand protection on an assessment of the performance characteristics of the hand protection in relation to the task(s) being performed, the conditions present, the duration of use and the identified hazards and potential hazards.

This standard makes it imperative to choose the right glove material for each application or task. This includes assessing the work for chemical exposure and then selecting the appropriate chemical protective glove based on material, thickness, length and other characteristics.

A risk assessment is typically performed by someone who is familiar with the task or task to be performed. Hazard assessment begins with knowing what chemicals, or combinations of chemicals, are required for the task or job. The next step is to determine the toxic properties of the chemicals by reviewing Sections 1-3, 8, 9 and 11 of the relevant Safety Data Sheets (SDS). Observe sections 8 and 11 of the safety data sheet. Section 8 specifies what types of PPE are required to protect the user; However, these can often be vague and not brand specific. Section 11 contains toxicological information such as possible local effects on the skin and possible absorption through the skin and resulting acute and chronic effects.

When reviewing job requirements, the level of skill required for the job at hand must be taken into account. Tasks that require fine motor skills, such as Operations such as laboratory work may require a thinner glove material, while operations such as industrial parts cleaning may not be required.

The duration of exposure to the chemicals must also be considered. Some jobs may only require splash protection or involve intermittent contact, while others may involve full immersion or continuous contact with the chemicals.

Other factors to consider are the chemical concentration, the temperature and the properties of the glove itself, such as B. Thickness, length, finish and lining.

thickness and length

Thicker gloves are heavier and have better chemical resistance than thinner gloves. Thinner, lighter gloves offer better touch sensitivity and flexibility while sacrificing chemical resistance. Glove manufacturers commonly state that doubling the thickness of a glove quadruples the chemical’s breakthrough time.

Glove thickness is specified in either mils or gauge. A 10 gauge glove is 10 mils or 0.010 inch. When choosing your glove, pay attention to the specified thickness on the manufacturer’s test data.

When assessing the work, also consider the required glove length. Gloves longer than 14 inches provide additional protection from splashes or immersion. For deep tank cleaning or glove box applications, gloves can be as long as 31 inches. In general, longer gloves are made from thicker materials.

finishes and lining

Gloves also come in a variety of finishes and linings. Gloves are designed with textured surfaces to provide better grip. Flock and knit linings are offered for many types of gloves. Cotton flock linings are used for basic sweat absorption. Knit linings do this as well, offering a little temperature protection.

The risk assessment must also take into account other additional hazards of the work, such as: B. potential cutting or abrasion hazards.

It is important to remember that while the choice of gloves can be overwhelming, gloves are never a substitute for safe work practices or proper engineering controls.

Selection of a glove material

Because different glove materials resist different chemicals, no one glove is suitable for all chemical exposures. A glove that works well for one application may not be right for another. The choice of glove material is best based on the manufacturer’s chemical resistance guideline. From the guide, select a glove that is most resistant to the chemicals used. Remember that Section 8 of the Safety Data Sheet is not brand specific, so the actual chemical compatibility of a particular glove material may vary from manufacturer to manufacturer. The selection must be based on the test data of the respective manufacturer. In order to read a chemical resistance guide, it is important to become familiar with the terminology:

Chemical compatibility Glove material: NITRILE Challenge Chemical degradation Breakthrough time Permeation rate isopropanol E >480 min .001

Breakthrough Time: The elapsed time between the first contact of the chemical with the glove surface and analytical detection on the inside of the glove. Typically expressed as a greater than symbol (>), the example shows that the test ran for 480 minutes and then stopped. This can also be expressed as “ND” for “not recognized”.

Degradation: A change in one or more physical properties of a glove due to contact with a chemical. This can manifest itself as swelling, softening, shrinking or cracking of the material. Rating example is “E” for Excellent, meaning the glove shows little or no evidence of degradation when exposed to the challenge chemical. A good degradation rate does not guarantee an acceptable breakthrough time.

Permeation Rate: The rate at which a chemical penetrates a glove material. This process involves absorption on the glove surface, diffusion of the chemical through the material and desorption on the inner surface of the glove. This is a complex measurement – micrograms per square centimeter per minute (µg/cm2/min). This measurement is also limited to the lower detection limit (LDL) of the devices used. The permeation rate in the given example is 0.001 but is sometimes referred to as excellent (E), good (G), fair (F) or poor (P).

Another factor to consider is chemical combinations. Glove permeation guides generally only list test data for pure chemicals – not mixtures – since combining chemicals can change their physical properties and permeation rates. In the non-mandatory Appendix B to the PPE Standard, OSHA recommends the following:

“11(c) For blended and formulated products (unless specific test data is available), a glove should be selected based on the chemical component with the shortest breakthrough time, as it is possible for solvents to carry active ingredients through polymeric materials.”

ANSI/ISEA 105-2016

ANSI/ISEA 105-2016, American National Standard for Hand Protection Classification, provides manufacturers with a consistent, numerical method to classify their products against specific contaminants and exposures. With classifications based on this scale, users can make more informed decisions about which gloves are best suited for their application.

Glove performance and pass/fail criteria are included for cut, puncture and abrasion resistance; chemical permeation and degradation; hole detection; heat and flame resistance; and vibration reduction and dexterity.

The standard also provides a recommended selection process for hand protection and references information on special considerations such as biological protection, extreme temperature applications, clean room applications, hazardous material response applications, electrical protection and radiation hazards.

A human factors section describes how fit, function and comfort go into glove selection.

29 CFR 1910 Subpart I Appendix B: Non-Mandatory Compliance Guidelines for Hazard Assessment and PPE Selection

This appendix is ​​provided to assist in compliance, risk assessment and PPE selection. Paragraphs 1-7 contain general assessment guidelines and Paragraph 11 relates specifically to hand protection.

inspection and maintenance

Even the best chemical resistant glove will fail after repeated exposure to chemicals. Gloves must be inspected prior to each use for signs of chemical degradation such as material swelling, tearing, shrinking or discoloration. If detected, it means the glove material has undergone a physical change due to exposure to chemicals and may no longer provide chemical protection. Also, when inspecting, look for signs of holes or punctures and remove the gloves from service if any are found. Refer to the glove manufacturer’s information for complete care and maintenance instructions.

Here is a comparison of the four most common types of gloves used in the hospitality industry.

Polyethylene gloves

ADVANTAGES

■ Available in a wide range of thicknesses and sizes, these are generally the cheapest of all glove types, especially the thin one size fits all.

■ Japanese polyethylene sushi gloves are designed to fit snugly at the fingertips and “squeeze” around the underside of the fingers to prevent glove slippage. These sushi gloves have a slightly roughened surface that prevents the rice from sticking to your hands and helps you get a good grip on the knife and the product.

■ Polyethylene does not produce dioxins or bisphenols when burned, so it is more environmentally friendly than other types.

DISADVANTAGE

■ Thin, one-size-fits-all gloves tear easily and are not suitable for use in high heat.

■ Japanese polyester gloves may not fit larger hands.

■ The heat-sealed seams of these gloves are usually where they fail.

Vinyl (polyvinyl chloride) or PVC gloves

ADVANTAGES

■ These ensure a good fit and a certain degree of dexterity.

■ They are more oil resistant than latex.

■ They can be worn in the heat without melting.

DISADVANTAGE

■ PVC gloves have been found to leak in some cases as they are put on, by stretching or catching on the nail edges. For this reason, PVC gloves have been dubbed “infection control nightmares” by some health experts.

Nitrile gloves

ADVANTAGES

■ They are less elastic than latex, but much more durable.

■ They offer the wearer good dexterity at a moderate cost.

■ They are resistant to many chemicals.

■ They are abrasion and puncture resistant.

DISADVANTAGE

■ Like other types of gloves, nitrile gloves are sensitive to alcohol degradation.

■ They have been shown to be sensitive to ozone depletion and can be slightly more brittle and stiff than latex.

■ Once injured, these gloves tear easily, resulting in ruptures that can result in glove fragments ending up in food.

■ Nitrile gloves may contain bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate or DEHP, which is known to cause cancer.

Natural rubber latex gloves

ADVANTAGES

■ These are the most commonly available, and often the cheapest, comfortable, close-fitting, elastic glove types.

■ Latex gloves offer good dexterity, a snug fit, good touch and can withstand high heat.

DISADVANTAGE

■ Many people today are allergic to either latex or the chemical additives used in glove manufacture.

■ Latex particles and other chemicals can get into food if the chlorinated glove surface breaks.

■ Latex gloves deteriorate over time when exposed to oxygen, ozone or ultraviolet light, or oils and solvents such as alcohol.

Sources: Aliza Green; www.tokyopack-kk.co.jp; www.sushiaven.com

If stored properly, disposable gloves should last around five years.

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ATLANTA — ATLANTA — Businesses, hospitals and homes have been charging for disposable gloves as a means of protection, but those gloves won’t last forever.

The COVID-19 pandemic has made disposable gloves a necessity for many people at work. The CDC recommends them when cleaning and disinfecting your home or caring for someone who has COVID-19.

Although medical experts tell us they won’t necessarily stop the spread of germs, some people have taken to wearing gloves in public. But anyone who has stocked up on disposable gloves must remember that nothing lasts forever.

These gloves have an expiry date. Here’s why.

Properly stored, latex and nitrile gloves should last about five years. Provided they are kept in their original packaging and kept in the right place.

“Expiry dates are not mandated by the FDA for gloves, but many manufacturers put an expiration date on their gloves,” says Glovenation’s Jen Hines. “All materials degrade over time, including synthetic and natural rubber (latex) gloves.”

Gloves kept past their expiration date or shelf life can become brittle and tear or tear when stretched.

“How quickly a glove deteriorates is usually dependent on how you store it,” says Hines.

Disposable gloves will last longer if stored in a cool, dark place.

Once taken out of the packaging and exposed to moisture and light, they will deteriorate much faster.

Disposable gloves are an essential tool kept in commercial kitchens around the world. They can be found in a rainbow of colors and a variety of materials including vinyl, latex, polyethylene and nitrile.

Choosing the right disposable glove is crucial for safe food handling. Although there are many options, nitrile food gloves are often regarded as one of the best available to ensure food safety and cleanliness.

Why gloves are essential when handling food

The surface of the average human hand is covered with more than 2 million microorganisms. While washing hands helps remove some of these bacteria, disposable gloves are still essential to avoid the spread of foodborne illness.

Gloves help minimize food contact and prevent the transmission of microorganisms that could cause contamination and disease. They protect customers from anything that is on employees’ skin, including bacteria and potential allergens.

Employees can more easily avoid cross-contamination from different types of food by using different gloves for working with raw meat and produce. This helps prevent the spread of diseases like salmonella.

At the same time, gloves also protect workers from foods that could irritate their skin, like hot peppers that could burn or onions that could leave lingering odors.

Are there FDA requirements?

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Food Code requires employees to use gloves or utensils to handle food that is considered “ready-to-eat.” Food contact gloves are regulated under FDA Title 21 CFR Part 177, which states that approved gloves must be made of a material that is “generally recognized as safe for use in food and food packaging.”

At SUNLINE Supply we stock food safe gloves with FDA 510(k) certification. This certification shows that these gloves are proven to be safe and at the same level as other approved personal protective equipment (PPE).

Our nitrile gloves are considered auditable according to FDA standards. They have been tested to ensure their strength and resistance to puncture and penetration. This FDA certification also requires an acceptable quality level (AQL) of 2.5 or less, meaning no more than 25 gloves in a box of 1,000 pinholes will have defects.

Are nitrile gloves safe for food preparation?

Nitrile gloves are a great option for safe food handling. In fact, they are one of the best types of disposable food safe gloves for a number of reasons.

When choosing disposable gloves for handling food, you need to choose gloves that protect them from workers’ hands, but you also need to consider whether the glove itself will contaminate the substance. Nitrile food preparation gloves are ideal on both fronts.

These gloves are strong, durable and puncture resistant to protect the food from employee contact. Unlike latex, which has a high allergy rate, nitrile is virtually allergy-safe and does not contaminate food with potentially harmful allergens or chemicals.

Get food-safe nitrile gloves

SUNLINE Supply stock a variety of quality nitrile food safety gloves for commercial kitchens in multiple sizes and colors to ensure you get the exact product you need. We keep an extensive stock, which allows us to fill large orders quickly.

Browse our online catalog for food safe nitrile gloves and other PPE or contact us to find out more about our selection.

Would you like to find out more? Check out these additional posts

Category: Molded Rubber Parts, Technical Features

Nitrile, Buna-N or NBR rubber is a widely used elastomer, thanks in large part to its high oil and fuel resistance and tensile strength. In this article, Martin’s Rubber Company explains more about the properties, applications, advantages and disadvantages of this versatile rubber material. Nitrile rubber is a synthetic rubber copolymer of acrylonitrile (ACN) and butadiene, which you may be more familiar with by trade names such as Nipol, Krynac and Europrene N. Why should you specify nitrile for your application? Let’s find out by taking a closer look at this rubber material.

What is Buna-N?

Nitrile (also known as NBR rubber and Buna-N) is the most widely used and economical elastomer in the sealing industry. One of the reasons for this is that it has excellent resistance to petroleum-based oils, fuels, water, alcohols, silicone greases and hydraulic fluids. However, it also has a good balance of desirable processing properties such as low compression set, high abrasion resistance, and high tensile strength.

Properties of NBR rubber

Nitrile is a family of unsaturated copolymers of 2-propenenitrile and butadiene monomers (1,2-butadiene and 1,3-butadiene). Its physical and chemical properties vary depending on the nitrile composition of the polymer. The more nitrile there is in the polymer, the higher its resistance to oils, but the lower its flexibility. Nitrile rubber is more resistant than natural rubber to oils and acids and has superior strength but suffers from less flexibility.

Where is nitrile used?

Nitrile rubber is used in a variety of applications such as B. O-rings, gaskets, oil seals, automotive drive belts, hoses, V-belts, synthetic leather, latex-free disposable gloves, applicator rollers for printers and cable jackets. NBR latex can also be used in the manufacture of adhesives or as a pigment binder.

Pros and cons of Buna-N

Nitrile offers the following advantages:

Excellent abrasion resistance.

Good recoil.

Good tear resistance.

Good non-polar solvent resistance.

Good water resistance.

Good oil resistance.

Cheaper than fluoroelastomers

Nitrile has the following disadvantages:

Poor ozone, sunlight and weather resistance.

Limited high temperature resistance.

Poor flame resistance.

Martin’s Rubber nitrile rubber products

Speak to one of our consultants today to learn more about our nitrile rubber manufacturing capabilities. We can guide you through your options and provide you with honest and informed advice to help you specify the ideal product for your application. Speak to us today on 023 8022 6330 or email [email protected].

The article The pros and cons of nitrile rubber, NBR or Buna-N was first published by Martin’s Rubber Company.

Find the right work glove solution

Explore our extensive inventory to discover the hand protection and PPE you need for every situation.

Find a glove

Wava Truscott, PhD. Director, Scientific Affairs and Clinical Education, Kimberly-Clark Health Care, Roswell, Georgia, USA Widespread belief in gloves’ ability to protect against disease. However, there are many factors that affect the barrier protection a glove can provide in use. Understanding these factors and incorporating them into institutional practices and training programs is necessary to optimize the protection of staff and patients.

The barrier performance of a glove is the measure of protection offered while performing a procedure. Although gloves are routinely tested during their manufacture to ensure there are no holes or tears, it is the maintenance of this barrier integrity during use that determines the actual effectiveness of the glove. Maintaining barrier integrity requires proper glove selection, storage conditions, and usage practices.

Aside from the obvious barrier protection, there are qualities of gloves that can thwart many infection control efforts – qualities that can put both the wearer and the patient at increased risk. These issues are discussed and practical guidelines for reducing the risk of microbial exposure for healthcare professionals and patients are presented.

base material

The material from which a glove is made can greatly affect the barrier protection of a glove during the course of a procedure. Before the 1990’s, latex and vinyl were the only choices for exam gloves. Some surgeons used neoprene gloves, but the cost of neoprene was far too prohibitive for exam gloves to be used.

Natural rubber latex still retains its reputation for excellent barrier performance, primarily due to a combination of structural properties. This includes molecular wrapping that provides the stretch and rebound (elasticity) properties that latex is known for. The elastic coils are held together with enough double-bonded side chains to provide strength. The molecular makeup of latex makes it more flexible and more resistant to fatigue and breakdown than vinyl (Rego and Roley, 1999). Sulfur vulcanization imparts to natural rubber latex the ability to retain flexibility and strength over a wide range of temperatures with extended shelf life (thermal stability) (Sussman and Beezhold, 1996).

Vinyl, which is often chosen as an alternative for latex-sensitive individuals, is very rigid at the molecular structure level. Molecules of this polyvinyl chloride (PVC) material are extensively linked to a dense random network of inflexible branches suspended in plasticizers (e.g. phthalates). This creates a material that will crack, fracture, or separate under stress or strain at the molecular level (Rego and Roley, 1999).

Because vinyl is an inherently weaker material than latex, it was necessary to develop separate, less stringent requirements for vinyl glove performance. Disparities in physical requirements are specified by the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) (ASTM, 2001a; 2001b; 2000). The differences found in these ASTM requirements are quite significant when one realizes that barrier performance or in-use durability is a result of the combined interaction of these properties.

When vinyl is caught by instruments, repeatedly pricked at the tips with fingernails, or pulled apart where stretch is required, molecular branching attachments are disrupted, creating structural fractures. Consequently, vinyl quickly loses its barrier integrity when rigorous procedures are followed or when challenged by sharp objects. This type of breakdown is often not visible but can be detected in performance studies.

Recently, vinyl gloves with more stretch or stretch capacity have entered the market. Although more flexible, these gloves’ typically lower tensile strength and invariably brittle microstructure remain a problem. Vinyl is appropriate for tasks and procedures where there is no risk of exposure to potentially infectious agents (food handling, wheelchair pushing, etc.) (Korniewicz and Garzon, 1994; Korniewicz et al., 1990).

Nitrile has a material molecular structure very similar to latex. Acrylonitrile butadiene has been substituted for the poly-cis-isoprene “balls” in natural rubber latex. Therefore, strength and elongation (or tear resistance) are much closer to natural rubber latex than vinyl.

Box 1 provides guidance on the development of hand hygiene and glove use in medicine/nursing.

Barrier performance in action

Based on the different physical standards required by ASTM, it is reasonable to expect that different gloves will withstand the challenges of the job or the conditions of use differently; and they do. Several barrier studies on examination gloves have been conducted in the last decade (Korniewicz and Garzon, 1994; Douglas et al., 1997; Korniewicz et al., 1994; Korniewicz et al., 1993; Olsen et al., 1993; Merchant et al. , 1992). . It’s important to note that little has changed in terms of in-use barrier capability over a decade of testing. Natural rubber latex is still far more protective than vinyl. However, in use, nitrile exhibited barrier resistance equivalent to that of latex. No in-use studies on polyurethane have been published yet.

Barrier durability requirements

Given the differences in barrier durability during use, it is evident that medical professionals should select gloves with the appropriate barrier durability for the task at hand. In fact, the National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH) emphasizes the need for proper glove protection around infectious material. The June 1997 NIOSH warning recommends non-latex gloves for activities where contact with infectious materials is unlikely (e.g. food preparation) because latex proteins are transmitted via food, routine housekeeping, maintenance, etc be able). The warning further emphasizes, “Adequate barrier protection is required when handling infectious materials.” It emphasizes to employers and workers that latex gloves “should be powder-free and reduced in protein because the cornstarch in glove powder contains latex proteins” (NIOSH, 1997 ).

The physical demands of the activities performed in the hospital range from low to high, as do the risks of exposure to infectious substances or even toxic drugs (e.g. chemotherapy). Dividing tasks into barrier durability requirements can facilitate the decision-making process at barrier protection level. It is often helpful to request a full usage analysis from your supplier’s glove representative, who should be able to address additional critical needs requirements.

Many chemicals commonly used in hospitals and other healthcare settings can adversely affect gloves made from different base materials, and sometimes thinner gloves made from the same base material. This can be serious if the chemical is hazardous or if the glove’s degradation results in exposure to infectious substances. Potential degrading or penetrating chemicals include glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde, xylene, hypochlorite solutions, alcohols (Korniewicz et al., 1989), chemotherapeutic agents, oils, petroleum ointments, unpolymerized bone cement, and many other disinfectants, sterilants, and general chemicals. Ask the manufacturer about chemical compatibility.

As a very general guide, there are signs of barrier degradation when incompatible chemicals begin to degrade the glove. These degradation indicators include those listed in Box 2 (Mausser, 1995; Korniewicz and Rabussay, 1997).

These signs of barrier failure also occur when gloves are improperly stored. Although base materials and manufacturer formulations make some gloves more or less susceptible to environmental conditions, gloves should generally be stored away from the sources listed in Box 3.

Gloves are much more susceptible to deterioration from unfavorable storage conditions when packages are opened and gloves are exposed.

Another form of barrier breakdown occurs when tape, labels, EKG leads, or other adhesive substances adhere to gloves and do not easily come off when attempted to remove them. Forced removal can tear gloves or force frustrated individuals to remove their gloves when using adhesives, further exposing the individual and putting the facility at risk of OSHA noncompliance.

Slippery gloves can affect procedures and safety. Sharp objects, glass tubes, vacutainers, sample vials, and metal instruments can slip, especially in wet procedures, increasing the risk of puncture errors during patient handling and potential spread of infectious organisms. Gloves with textured surfaces and no slippery lubes may offer a firmer grip. As with evaluating all of the attributes of glove selection, the effectiveness of the grip should be evaluated for the diagnostic laboratory in addition to use in the hospital ward. In some departments, such as g., phlebotomy, individual preferences may dictate a smooth, non-stick glove for procedures such as palpation that require additional tactile sensitivity.

everyday practices

Regardless of the care taken in selecting and implementing proper storage tactics, the best glove barrier protection can be compromised by inappropriate wearing practices. Some common issues include the following.

lotions containing oils

Oils, including mineral, lanolin, coconut, palm, or jojoba, as well as petroleum jelly and other petroleum-based products should not be worn under latex gloves. These products break chemical bonds in the material, thereby weakening the barrier properties. Through chemical-mechanical means, the oils break down the protective molecular bonds within the glove and compromise protection. These lotions are fine if not worn under gloves. If worn barehanded during the day, wash hands before putting gloves on. It should be noted that anti-inflammatory creams are usually suspended in an oil base. Water or glycerin based lotions do not compromise the integrity of the glove barrier and are acceptable where the use of lotions is acceptable practice in the department.

It is possible that lotions containing oil as a very minor ingredient may be compatible. Ask the manufacturer for data or do your own assessment (Box 4).

If you are “milking” hoses with oiled hands or are handling substances known to damage the glove, choose a glove made of a different material (e.g., nitrile is resistant to oils) (Taylor and Leow, 2000 ) or a double glove, taking off the outer glove after handling the oil.

Long fingernails and jewelry

These can rip and tear gloves, in addition to providing a ‘safe haven’ for infectious agents (Earl, 1996). Moderation of fingernail length and removal of jewelry should be standard when wearing gloves. The breakthrough may not be visible to the naked eye, but water, dyes or microorganisms can still leak from the gloves when subjected to stress.

Artificial fingernails have several problems. First and foremost, it is about harboring fungi and bacteria that cannot be effectively removed even with nail brushes. Microorganisms can live and even thrive between natural and artificial nails. This situation can be exacerbated by the fact that the moist, warm, occlusive environment beneath a glove supports microbial growth. Slightly less important, but nonetheless noteworthy, artificial nails tend to stick to the glove surface (especially powder-free gloves), making donning difficult (Larson, 1996).

Good practice in everyday life

The following good practices are essential for all healthcare workers who use gloves.

Double Gloving

This has been shown to significantly reduce the wearer’s risk of exposure to hazards. If double-gloving is to be practiced for certain procedures (e.g., chemotherapy or bone marrow aspiration), gloves should be tested for ease of donning (Thomas et al., 2001).

Wash your hands

Hand washing is essential. Regardless of the gloves selected and their apparent barrier effect, hands must be thoroughly washed, rinsed and dried or appropriate hand sanitizers used immediately after glove removal. If liners are used for irritation or there is a Type IV concern (Knowledge Network, 2001), they must also be removed at each glove change as they may contain contaminants.

Preventing the transmission of microorganisms

Be aware of what contaminated gloves can touch. Straightening your hair, touching your face and/or clothing can leave behind microorganisms that can spread to others.

change gloves

Gloves should be changed between tasks and procedures on the same patient, after contact with potentially infectious body sites or substances, and before touching mucous membranes. Take off the gloves immediately after use, before touching non-contaminated objects and surfaces in the area and before treating another patient. Wash hands immediately or use appropriate hand sanitizer to avoid spreading microorganisms to other patients or environments.

Do not reuse disposable gloves. Microbial contamination cannot be adequately removed by washing (ICNA, 1999) and disposable gloves are not designed to withstand resterilization.

distance

Infectious organisms can contaminate the outer surface of the gloves during use. It is important to follow proper glove removal techniques. The gloves should then be dropped into the appropriate disposal container and not thrown (ICNA, 1999). A perfect barrier is meaningless if the contamination on the outside of the glove is spread throughout the environment due to poor removal technique.

wearing time of the gloves

The longer a glove is worn, the more vulnerable it can be to barrier impairment (Hansen et al., 1998). Severe handling and exposure to various chemicals can affect glove fatigue. Wearing time can also be a factor in the transmission of bacteria; Therefore, it is strongly recommended to change gloves between procedures.

Quick identification of glove type

This is important. When you or your employees reach for a glove, is it immediately apparent what type of material you are putting on? Is the base glove material generally labeled as “synthetic” or does it specify vinyl, nitrile, or some other synthetic material? It is of little use to understand the difference in the barrier ability of different glove materials if the material of the glove you are gripping is not readily apparent.

When gloves break due to physical or chemical injury, potentially infectious microorganisms can pass through the designed barrier. This may result in patient exposure from the wearer or patient exposure from the hands of healthcare professionals. This is of particular concern when:

– The healthcare provider has damaged skin (e.g. dermatitis – see Box 5)

– The patient has a highly contagious, virulent, or drug-resistant infection

– The patient has an increased risk of infection (immunocompromised).

powder

Powder serves three purposes:

– As a production aid by preventing gloves from sticking to themselves or other gloves during processing and packaging

– To make dressing easier

– To absorb sweat. This property can also lead to negative consequences, including the absorption of natural lipids and excessive drying of the skin, resulting in chapped, cracked hands in irritating dermatitis (Box 5).

Articles have been published describing the attachment of proteins from the surface of latex gloves to powder particles (Edlich et al., 2001). It has been shown that when the protein-loaded particles are aerosolized, the protein allergens they carry increase aeroallergen concentrations (Tarlo et al., 1994). It has also been shown that there is no significant difference in aeroallergen (latex protein) content when using powder-free latex gloves or not using gloves at all (Heilman et al, 1996). However, it is again emphasized that individuals sensitive to latex protein (Type I) should only wear synthetic gloves and work in a powder-free environment.

Just as proteins are absorbed from the glove surface to the powder particles, chemicals can also be absorbed from the glove surface. Non-glove chemicals — such as glutaraldehyde, formaldehyde-based disinfectants, chemotherapy drugs, and medications — can be absorbed into the powder and potentially aerosolized. Not only can this cause dermatitis on the hands, but also on areas of the body where the powder can land.

Restricting the use of gloves to powder-free gloves in contagious infection or isolation wards should be strongly considered to reduce the risk of powder cross-contamination. Similar measures should be considered for immunocompromised isolation wards. Where this is not possible, precautions should be taken for the proper use, removal and disposal of gloves, particularly after contamination with bodily fluids. Proper hand washing should always be done after removing gloves. Contaminated gloves should never be torn while being worn or removed, nor should they be discarded in waste containers, which increases the risk of aerosolization of microbially-loaded powder (Verkuyl, 1992).

Studies have shown that the presence of powder in wounds can significantly reduce resistance to infection (Jaffray and Nade, 1983). Powder may impair local immunological protection at the site of exposed wounds. The powder “distracts” the immunological defense mechanisms, allowing microorganisms to multiply that would otherwise have been stopped, and increasing the likelihood of infection. Add to this its potential role as a microorganism and there are a number of immunocompromised and infectious disease areas in hospitals or outpatient settings where powder may increase the incidence and spread of nosocomial infections.

In order to make a powder-free glove, the powder must be removed and the glove surface treated to reduce stickiness (stickiness) and make donning easier. Despite the added cost of powder removal, the demand for powder-free gloves is increasing due to a number of growing concerns. NIOSH and OSHA (US equivalents of the National Institute for Occupational Health and Safety and the Infection Control Nurses’ Association) have focused on the powder-free glove movement in their warnings and technical bulletins (OSHA, 1999a; 1999b). Special interest groups are also pushing for powder-free medical gloves. Several are attempting to ban the use of powdered gloves through state law in the United States.

Conclusion

Gloves can significantly reduce the daily risk of cross-infection for patients and staff when properly selected and worn. Many factors must be considered to ensure the selection and maintenance of this barrier is optimal. Once the glove is selected with an appropriate barrier level and functionality for the task, care must be taken to ensure proper storage conditions are maintained and that staff follow proper barrier maintenance practices during use. The increased risk of nosocomial spread of glove-related infections is not limited to barrier breaches, but may also be related to the presence of powder, residual chemicals, cross-contamination contact, and improper disposal.

Ignaz Semmelweis was able to reduce infant mortality by 15.55%, mainly by making sure that surgeons washed their hands. It is tragic that falling back into the old ways has resulted in a reversal of this trend. In this time of shrinking manpower and resources, it is vital that we remain vigilant to minimize any opportunity for the spread of nosocomial disease. The right selection and wearing of gloves is one of the basic requirements in our fight against nosocomial infections.

Frequently Asked Questions and Answers About Nitrile Blend Gloves (FAQ)

Gloves and other personal protective equipment (PPE) are critical to any organization’s PPE supply, but they are especially important for healthcare workers and other industries that interact with the public. They protect your hands from blood and other body fluids and can also prevent other pollutants from coming into contact with the skin.

However, different glove materials have different advantages and disadvantages. Nitrile, vinyl, and latex gloves should only be used in specific environments. Of these glove types, mixed nitrile gloves have the widest range of uses.

What is the difference between vinyl, latex and nitrile gloves?

Vinyl gloves are made of PVC and are cheaper than nitrile and latex gloves. They offer insufficient resistance to chemicals and are not strong enough for use in environments where they could be punctured or contaminated with unknown liquids. However, they are a good choice for low-risk environments.

Latex gloves are made of natural latex rubber, which is stretchy and strong. Some people are allergic to latex proteins, so latex gloves are not always a viable healthcare option. Also, latex can degrade quickly when exposed to certain oils and chemicals.

Nitrile gloves are made of acrylonitrile butadiene rubber, a synthetic rubber that is strong and resistant to chemical reactions. They have an excellent balance of elasticity and strength but are expensive to manufacture.

Nitrile blend gloves use a combination of nitrile and PVC paste to allow these gloves to be manufactured using a cheaper process than ordinary nitrile. Despite the lower price, they retain many of the advantages of nitrile.

Do nitrile compound gloves contain latex?

Nitrile and nitrile blend gloves are latex free. Although this may seem unimportant if you don’t have a latex allergy, some people suddenly develop an allergy to latex after long-term exposure to the material. Organizations where workers require gloves for PPE must have nitrile or nitrile blend gloves available as an option.

Are nitrile compound gloves resistant to oils and chemicals?

Latex gloves are known to become thin when exposed to hydrocarbons, which include oil-based chemicals such as gasoline. However, mixed nitrile gloves protect against many industrial chemicals and oils. Disposable nitrile blend gloves may be unsuitable for all industrial environments and you should consult an industrial hygienist for your specific situation.

Are nitrile compound gloves puncture resistant?

Nitrile blend gloves are stronger than latex in their puncture resistance and if punctured they will show the hole more clearly than latex. Holes in latex are often not visible and may go unnoticed until the wearer senses liquid or some other substance they are being protected from.

The nitrile glove material does not resist punctures as well as heavy duty work gloves designed for industrial applications. However, in most everyday work situations, disposable nitrile gloves are adequate and hygienic enough for widespread use.

Are nitrile compound gloves food safe?

A nitrile blending glove is a suitable option for food preparation. Because they’re powder-free and inexpensive, employees can easily switch between these gloves when needed to maintain hygiene and food safety standards. Latex, vinyl and PVC are also food safe but do not offer the same level of strength and flexibility as nitrile blend gloves.

When should I use nitrile compound gloves?

Generally being chemical resistant gloves, nitrile compound gloves are an excellent lightweight glove for environments where you are not quite sure what you are going to be dealing with. They are perfect for most emergency rooms, cleaning jobs, light factory work, and other environments where the primary goal is to prevent contact with pathogens or debris.

They’re good for catering and janitorial work because they don’t degrade easily when exposed to oils. Nitrile compound gloves are usually the first choice for medical workers as they balance strength and elasticity.

Compared to latex, they are slightly less stretchy and offer less sensitivity to touch. For this reason, surgeons sometimes prefer to use latex gloves when they and the patient do not have latex allergies. Other medical professionals also prefer latex in some environments, but nitrile or nitrile blends must always be available as a safe alternative.

nitrile gloves and more

ICU Production Inc. is your one stop shop for a range of gloves including nitrile compounds. We know the PPE industry and can source gloves for you even when they are in short supply. Call our PSA Hotline at (323) 970-3819 to speak to a member of our team about customized solutions for your workplace.