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MCCALLS 8042 SEWING PATTERN REVIEW, YOU CAN SEW THIS SHIRT FOR SUMMER AND FALL.
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Từ điển Anh Việt “sewing” – là gì?
sewing. Từ điển Collocation. sewing noun. ADJ. hand. VERB + SEWING do I haven’t done any sewing for ages. | take in She took in sewing to supplement her …
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Date Published: 12/22/2021
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Sewing là gì, Nghĩa của từ Sewing | Từ điển Anh – Việt – Rung.vn
Sewing là gì: / ´souiη /, Danh từ: sự may vá, sự khâu vá, Đồ (quần, áo..) đang được may, Dệt may: đồ đang may, đồ đang may vá, việc may vá, Kỹ…
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Date Published: 11/20/2021
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Nghĩa của từ Sewing – Từ điển Anh – Việt
Đồ (quần, áo..) đang được may. a sewing table: bàn để khâu vá: a sewing basket: rổ khâu. Chuyên ngành. Dệt may. đồ đang may. đồ đang may vá. việc may vá …
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Date Published: 7/13/2022
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Wikipedia
Crafts of fastening or attaching items with stitches made with a needle and thread
Not to be confused with sowing
“Sewn” redirects here. For the song, see Sewn (song)
Sewing is the craft of attaching or attaching items with stitches made with a sewing needle and thread. Sewing is one of the oldest textile arts, dating back to the Paleolithic period. Archaeologists believe that before the invention of yarn spinning or cloth weaving, Stone Age people across Europe and Asia sewed fur and leather garments using sewing needles made from bone, antler or ivory and “thread” from various parts of the animal body such as tendons, catgut and veins.[ 1][2]
For thousands of years everything was sewn by hand. The invention of the sewing machine in the 19th century and the rise of computerization in the 20th century led to the mass production and export of sewn items, but hand sewing is still practiced around the world.[2] Delicate hand sewing is a feature of high quality tailoring, haute couture fashion and bespoke tailoring, and is pursued by both textile artists and crafters as a means of creative expression.
The first known use of the word “sewing” was in the 14th century.[3]
history [edit]
Origins [edit]
Seated Woman Sewing a Kimono, Utagawa K uniyoshi, early 19th century. Different cultures have developed different sewing techniques, from methods of cutting fabrics to types of stitches.
Sewing has an ancient history that is estimated to have started in the Paleolithic period.[4] Sewing was used to sew animal skins together for clothing and shelter. For example, the Inuit used caribou sinew for thread and bone needles,[5] the American Plains and Canadian Plains Native Americans used elaborate sewing methods to assemble teepee shelters.[6] Sewing was combined with plant leaf weaving in Africa to make baskets of the kind made by Zulu weavers who used thin strips of palm leaves as “thread” to sew wider strips of palm leaves that had been woven into a spool. 7] The weaving of fabrics from natural fibers originated in the Middle East around 4000 BC. and perhaps earlier during the Neolithic period, and cloth sewing accompanied this development.[8]
In the Middle Ages, Europeans who could afford it employed seamstresses and tailors. The vital importance of sewing was indicated by the honorable position of “Lord Sewer” at many medieval European coronations. An example was Robert Radcliffe, 1st Earl of Sussex, who was created Lord Sewer at the coronation of Henry VIII of England in 1509. Sewing was largely a women’s occupation, and before the 19th century sewing was mostly practical. Clothing was an expensive investment for most people, and women played an important role in extending the longevity of garments. Sewing was used for mending. Faded clothing was turned inside out so it could continue to be worn, and sometimes had to be disassembled and reassembled for this purpose. As clothes became worn or torn, they were taken apart and the reusable fabric sewn together into new clothes, made into quilts, or otherwise put to practical use. The many steps required to create clothing from scratch (weaving, pattern making, cutting, alterations, etc.) meant that women often shared their expertise in a particular skill.[4] Decorative handicrafts such as embroidery were a valued skill and young women, with time and means, practiced to develop their skills in the area. From the Middle Ages to the 17th century, sewing utensils such as needles, pins and pincushions were part of the dowries of many European brides.[9] Serving as a third hand, sewing birds or sewing clips were popular gifts for seamstresses in the 19th century.[10][11]
A sewing bird or sewing clamp provides a “third hand” to hold the fabric taut. Watercolor by Frank McEntee, National Gallery of Art, Index of American Design.
Decorative embroidery has been valued in many cultures around the world. Although most embroidery stitches in the Western repertoire are traditionally of British, Irish or Western European origin, stitches originating from different cultures are now known around the world. Some examples are the Cretan open fill stitch, the Romanian couching or the Oriental couching and the Japanese stitch.[12] The stitches associated with embroidery spread through the trade routes that were active in the Middle Ages. The Silk Road brought Chinese embroidery techniques to western Asia and eastern Europe, while Middle Eastern techniques spread to southern and western Europe via Morocco and Spain.[13] European imperial settlements also spread embroidery and sewing techniques worldwide. However, there are instances of sewing techniques native to cultures in distant places where cross-cultural communication would historically have been improbable. For example, a reverse application method known in areas of South America is also known in Southeast Asia.[13]
Industrial Revolution[edit]
Sewing in Detroit, Michigan in the early 20th century.
A woman sewing as a street vendor in Bangkok, Thailand
Sewing with an 1894 Singer sewing machine.
The Industrial Revolution shifted textile production from households to factories. In the early decades of the Industrial Revolution, machines produced entire fabrics. The world’s first sewing machine was patented by Thomas Saint in 1790.[14] In the early 1840s, other early sewing machines began to appear. Barthélemy Thimonnier introduced a simple sewing machine in 1841 to make military uniforms for the French army; Shortly thereafter, a mob of tailors broke into Thimonnier’s shop and threw the machines out of the windows, believing the machines would make them unemployed.[15] In the 1850s, Isaac Singer developed the first sewing machines that could work quickly and accurately, exceeding the productivity of a seamstress or tailor sewing by hand.
While many garments were still made at home by female family members, more and more ready-made clothing for the bourgeoisie was made with sewing machines. Textile sweatshops full of underpaid sewing machine operators grew into entire business districts in major cities like London and New York City. To further support the industry, piecework was done for little money by women living in slums. Manual labor was one of the few jobs considered acceptable for women, but it did not bring a living wage. Women who do remote work often worked 14-hour days to earn enough to make a living, sometimes by renting sewing machines they could not afford to buy.[16]
Tailors were associated with high quality clothing during this period. In London, this status arose out of the dandy trend of the early 19th century, when new tailor shops were established around Savile Row.[17] These shops gained a reputation for sewing quality handcrafted clothing in the latest British fashions as well as more classic styles. Carnaby Street’s boutique culture was adopted by Savile Row tailors in the late 20th century, ensuring the continued prosperity of Savile Row shops.
From the 20th century [ edit ]
Bangladeshi women sew clothes.
Sewing experienced further developments in the 20th century. As sewing machines became more affordable for the working class, the demand for sewing patterns grew. By the late 19th and early 20th centuries, women had become accustomed to seeing the latest fashions in magazines, further increasing the demand for sewing patterns. American tailor and maker Ebenezer Butterick met the demand with paper patterns that could be traced and used by home sewers. The patterns, sold in small packages, became very popular. Several model companies soon established themselves. Women’s magazines also carried sewing patterns and did so for much of the 20th century. This practice declined in the later decades of the 20th century when ready-made clothing became a necessity as women entered the paid workforce in larger numbers, giving them less time to sew when they actually had an interest in doing so. [citation needed] Today, the low price of ready-made clothing in stores means that home sewing is largely restricted to hobbyists in western countries, with the exception of the cottage industries of bespoke tailoring and upholstery. Sewing as a fun hobby has grown in popularity, as confirmed by the BBC television program The Great British Sewing Bee, which has been on the air since 2013.
The spread of sewing machine technology in developed countries around the world also meant the spread of Western sewing methods and styles of clothing. In Japan, traditional clothing was sewn together using running stitches that could be removed so the clothing could be taken apart and the sorted pieces washed separately. The tight stitches made by home sewing machines and the use of western clothing patterns led to a movement towards wearing western clothing in the early 20th century. Western styles of sewing and clothing were spread to sub-Saharan Africa by Christian missionaries beginning in the 1830s. Indigenous cultures such as the Zulu and Tswana were indoctrinated in western dress as a sign of conversion to Christianity.[19] First Western hand sewing techniques and later machine sewing spread to the regions where the European colonists settled. However, a recent study of new online learning methods has shown that the technology can be adapted to share knowledge of a culture’s traditional sewing methods. Using online self-paced tutorials, a Malay sewing course learned how to tailor and sew a traditional Baju Kurung garment for men in 3 days, while a traditional Malay sewing course would have taken 5 days to teach the same information.[20]
Advances in industrial technology, such as the development of synthetic fibers in the early 20th century, have profoundly transformed the textile industry as a whole. The textile industry in western countries has declined sharply as textile companies compete for cheaper labor in other parts of the world. According to the US Department of Labor, “Sewing and tailoring employment is expected to show little or no change, growing by 1 percent from 2010 to 2020.”[21][22] It is estimated that every textile job lost in a Western country in recent years has led to the creation of 1.5 jobs in an outsourced country like China.[23] However, garment workers who perform work with sewing machines or detailed manual work are still an important part of the industry. Small-scale sewing is also an economic mainstay in many developing countries, where many people, both men and women, are self-employed seamstresses.
Clothing construction[edit]
Tailor adjusting a suit in Hong Kong.
Hobby seamstress cuts fabric for a dress
Pattern and Fit[ edit ]
Clothing construction is usually based on a pattern. A pattern can be very simple; Some patterns are nothing more than a mathematical formula that the sewer calculates based on the measurements of the intended wearer. Once calculated, the sewer has the measurements needed to cut the fabric and sew the garment together. At the other end of the spectrum are haute couture fashion designs. When a couture garment is made from unusual material or has extreme proportions, the design can challenge the seamstress’ technical knowledge. Complex designs are designed and re-adjusted dozens of times, it can take about 40 hours to develop a final pattern and 60 hours for cutting and sewing. It is important that a pattern is made well, because the way a finished piece fits is the reason why it is either worn or not.[24]
Most clothing today is mass-produced and conforms to standard sizes based on body measurements designed to fit most of the population. While “standard” sizes are generally a useful guide, they are little more than that, as there is no industry standard that is “both universally accepted and strictly followed in all markets”.[25]
Home sewers often work with patterns purchased from companies like Simplicity, Butterick, McCall’s, Vogue, and many others. Such patterns are typically printed on large pieces of tissue paper; A sewer can simply cut out the required pattern pieces for use, but may choose to transfer the pattern to a thicker paper if repeated use is desired. A sewer may choose to alter a pattern to more closely fit the intended wearer. Patterns can be altered to increase or decrease length; add or remove fullness; to adjust the position of the waist, shoulder line or other seam or a variety of other adjustments.[26] Volume can be added with elements such as pleats or reduced with darts. Test garments, sometimes referred to as muslin, can be made before beginning work on the final garment.
Seamstresses working on a simple project only need a few sewing tools such as tape measure, needle, thread, fabric and sewing scissors. More complex projects may just require a few simple tools to get the job done, but there is an ever-growing selection of helpful sewing aids.
In addition to sewing scissors, rotary cutters can be used to cut fabric, typically used with a cutting mat to protect other surfaces from damage. Seam rippers are used to remove skipped stitches. Special marker pens and chalk are used to mark the fabric as a guide for construction.[27]
Ironing and ironing are an essential part of many sewing projects and require additional tools. A steam iron is used to iron seams and garments, and various ironing aids such as a seam roller or tailor’s ham are used to help shape a garment. A press cloth can be used to protect the fabric from damage.[27]
Sewing machines are now made for a wide range of specialized sewing purposes such as: B. quilting machines, high-performance machines for sewing thicker fabrics (e.g. leather), computer-controlled machines for embroidery and sewing machines for finishing fabric edges.[28]
A wide range of presser foot attachments are available for many sewing machines – there are feet that help with hemming, pin tucks, attaching cords, joining patchwork, quilting and a host of other functions.[29]
Latest sewing machines Brother “Nexio” direct drive lockstitch stapler with electronic feeding system
A thimble is a small hard tool used as a protective device when sewing.
Elements [edit]
garment construction
Seamstresses receive the pattern, while tailors design their own pattern, both with the intention of using as little fabric as possible. Patterns indicate whether to cut along the grain or bias to manipulate fabric stretch. Special placement may be required for directional, striped or checked fabrics.[30]
Supporting materials such as B. Interlinings, interlinings or linings can be used in garment construction to give the fabric a more rigid or durable shape.
Before or after cutting the pattern pieces, it is often necessary to mark the pieces to provide guidance during the sewing process. Marking methods may include the use of pens, pencils or chalk, tailor’s nails, scissors, pins, or thread tracing, among others.
Construction stitches include edge stitches, understitches, standing stitches, and topstitches in addition to regular backstitching.[32] Seam types include smooth seam, zigzag seam, fell seam, French seam and many others.[33]
software [edit]
Virtual sewing machine tools in a fabric simulation software
Digital clothing created with a virtual sewing machine in fabric simulation software
With the development of fabric simulation software such as CLO3D, Marvelous Designer, and Optitex, sewers can now design patterns on the computer and visualize clothing designs using the pattern creation tools and virtual sewing machines in these fabric simulation programs.[34]
In non-human animals[edit]
Tailorbirds (genus Orthotomus) such as the common tailorbird exhibit sewing behavior, as do some birds of related genera. They are able to sew together leaf edges using plant fibers or spider silk as threads to create cavities in which to build their nests.[35]
See also[edit]
Notes [edit]
Sewing là gì, Nghĩa của từ Sewing | Từ điển Anh – Việt
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