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Why is it called a cat face?
Old timers call the scars “catfaces” because the notches look like cat whiskers.
What causes cat face on pine trees?
Cat faces were used to collect pine sap that produced turpentine. If you look closely, the “face” is a series of deep V-shaped” slashes that are aligned down the face of the tree. These slashes directed the flow of sap toward the bottom of the face into what was originally holes or boxes cut into the trunk.
Does turpentine come from trees?
Turpentine oil is generally produced in countries that have vast tracts of pine trees. The principal European turpentines are derived from the cluster pine (P. pinaster) and the Scotch pine (P. sylvestris), while the main sources of turpentine in the United States are the longleaf pine (P.
A “Cat Face” on a Tree Tells a Story
Turpentine oil is a colorless, oily, odorous, flammable, water-immiscible liquid with a pungent, unpleasant taste. It is a good solvent for sulphur, phosphorus, resins, waxes, oils and natural rubber. It hardens in air. Chemically, turpentine is a mixture of cyclic monoterpene hydrocarbons, the predominant component being pinene.
In the past, turpentine oil was mainly used as a solvent for paints and varnishes. Oil painters generally prefer it as a paint thinner and brush cleaner to petroleum-based solvents (mineral spirits), although the latter are less expensive. But the greatest use of turpentine oil today is in the chemical industry, as a raw material for the synthesis of resins, insecticides, oil additives and synthetic pine oil and camphor. Turpentine oil is also used as a gum solvent in the manufacture of plastics.
Turpentine oil is generally produced in countries where there are huge pine forests. The major European turpentines come from the cluster pine (P. pinaster) and the Scotch pine (P. sylvestris), while the major sources of turpentine in the United States are the longleaf pine (P. palustris) and the slash pine (P. Caribbean) .
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Turpentine oil is classified according to the way it is produced. Sulphate turpentine, widely used in the chemical industry, is obtained as a by-product of the kraft or sulphate process of cooking pulp in the course of making kraft paper. Pine turpentine is obtained by the steam distillation of dead, crushed pieces of pine wood, while gum turpentine is obtained from the distillation of tapped exudate from living pine. Crude turpentine, obtained from live pine by tapping, typically contains 65 percent rosin and 18 percent turpentine.
Various other oleoresins (resin solutions dispersed in essential oils) are known as turpentines. Venetian turpentine, for example, is a pale green, viscous liquid extracted from the larch (Larix decidua or L. europea). It is used for lithographic work and in sealing waxes and varnishes. See also balm; canada balm
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Crude turpentine belongs to a group of pine derivatives known as marine supplies.
What is a cat face?
Definition of catface
: a partially healed scar on a tree or log.
A “Cat Face” on a Tree Tells a Story
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What does the Laughing cat face mean?
A cartoon cat variant of 😂 Face With Tears of Joy. Depicted as yellow on major platforms. Cat with Tears of Joy was approved as part of Unicode 6.0 in 2010 under the name “Cat Face with Tears of Joy” and added to Emoji 1.0 in 2015.
A “Cat Face” on a Tree Tells a Story
A comic cat variant of 😂 Face With Tears of Joy. Shown in yellow on major platforms.
Cat with Tears of Joy was approved as part of Unicode 6.0 in 2010 under the name “Cat Face with Tears of Joy” and added to Emoji 1.0 in 2015.
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Why is cat called cat Linux?
cat is a standard Unix utility that reads files sequentially, writing them to standard output. The name is derived from its function to (con)catenate files (from Latin catenare, “to chain”).
A “Cat Face” on a Tree Tells a Story
cat is a standard Unix utility that reads files sequentially and writes them to standard output. The name derives from its function of chaining files (from the Latin catenare, “to chain”). It has been ported to a number of operating systems.
history [edit]
cat was part of the early versions of Unix, e.g. B. version 1, replacing pr , a PDP-7 and Multics utility for copying a single file to the screen.[1] It was written by Ken Thompson and Dennis Ritchie. The version of cat bundled with GNU Coreutils was written by Torbjorn Granlund and Richard Stallman.[2] The ReactOS version was written by David Welch, Semyon Novikov and Hermès Bélusca.[3]
Over time, alternative utilities such as tac and bat also became available, bringing with them various new features.[4][5]
usage [edit]
The Single Unix Specification defines cat’s operation to read files in the order specified in their arguments and write their contents to standard output in the same order. The specification requires support for an option flag, u, for unbuffered output, meaning that each byte is written after it is read. Some operating systems, such as those using GNU Core Utilities, do this by default and ignore the flag.[6]
If either input filename is specified as a single hyphen (-), then cat reads from standard input at that point in the sequence. If no files are specified, cat only reads from standard input.
The command syntax is:
cat [options] [filenames]
Options [edit]
Example of some cat options:[7]
-b (GNU: –number-nonblank ), number non-blank output lines
(GNU: ), number output lines without spaces -e implies -v, but also show newline characters as $ (GNU only: -E same but without implying -v)
implied, but also display newline characters as (GNU only: same but without implying ) -n (GNU: –number ), number all output lines
(GNU: ), number all output lines -s (GNU: –squeeze-blank ), squeeze multiple adjacent blank lines
(GNU: ), squeeze multiple adjacent blank lines together -t implies -v , but also displays tabs as ^I (GNU: -T the same but without implies -v )
implies , but also shows tabs as (GNU: same but without implying ) -u uses unbuffered I/O for stdout. POSIX does not specify behavior without this option.
Use unbuffered I/O for stdout. POSIX does not specify behavior without this option. -v (GNU: –show-nonprinting ), show non-printing characters, except for tabs and the newline character
Use cases [ edit ]
cat can be used to pass a file to a program that expects plaintext or binary data in its input stream. cat does not destroy non-text bytes when concatenating and outputting. Therefore, the two main use cases are text files and certain format-compatible types of binary files.
Text concatenation is limited to text files that use the same legacy encoding, e.g. B.ASCII. cat does not provide a way to concatenate Unicode text files with a byte-order mark or files with different text encodings.
For many structured binary records, the resulting combined file may not be valid. For example, if a file has a unique header or footer, the result will be incorrectly duplicated. However, for some digital multimedia container formats, the resulting file is valid and therefore cat provides an effective means of attaching files. Video streams can be an important example of files that cat can easily concatenate, e.g. the MPEG Program Stream (MPEG-1 and MPEG-2) and DV (Digital Video) formats, which are basically simple streams of packets.
Examples[edit]
Command Explanation cat file1.txt Display the contents of the file cat file1.txt file2.txt Concatenates two text files and displays the result in the terminal cat file1.txt file2.txt > newcombinedfile.txt Concatenates two text files and writes them to a new file cat > newfile.txt Create a file named newfile.txt. Enter what you want and press CTRL+D to exit. The text is in the newfile.txt file. cat -n file1.txt file2.txt > newnumberedfile.txt Some cat implementations can also use the -n option to number lines cat file1.txt > file2.txt Copy the contents of file1.txt to file2.txt cat file1.txt >> file2.txt Append the contents of file1.txt to file2.txt cat file1.txt file2.txt file3.txt | sort > test4 Concatenates the files, sorts the complete set of lines, and writes the output to a newly created file cat file1.txt file2.txt | less Runs the less program with the concatenation of file1 and file2 as input cat file1.txt | grep example highlighting the word “example” in file1.txt command | cat Cancel special “command” behavior (e.g. paging) when writing directly to TTY (cf. UUOC below)
Unix culture[ edit ]
Jargon file definition [ edit ]
The jargon file version 4.4.7 lists this as a definition of cat:
To spit (syn. blast) an entire file without pausing to the screen or other output sink. More broadly, to dump large amounts of data onto an unprepared target or with no intention of carefully sifting through it. Usage: considered silly. Rarely outside of Unix sites. See also dd, BLT. Among Unix fans, cat(1) is considered an excellent example of user interface design because it delivers the file contents without verbosity such as spaces or headers between files and because it doesn’t require the files to be made up of lines of text, but it works with any kind of data. Among Unix critics, cat(1) is considered the canonical example of bad user interface design because of its pathetically nondescript name. It’s much more commonly used to blast a single file to standard output than to concatenate two or more files. The name cat for the earlier operation is just as unintuitive as, for example, LISP’s cdr.
Useless use of cat[ edit ]
Useless use of cat (UUOC) is a generic Unix jargon for command-line constructs that provide only one convenience to the user.[8] In computer science, the word “abuse”[9] is used in the second sense of the definition to disparage the excessive or unnecessary use of a language construct; Therefore, abuse of cats is sometimes referred to as “cat abuse.” An example of common cat abuse is given in the award:
cat filename | Command arg1 arg2 argn
This can instead be rewritten using stdin’s redirection in one of the following forms (the first is more traditional):
command arg1 arg2 argn < filename
With:
cat in | command | command2 > off
See also[edit]
Insert
split, a command that splits a file into parts that cat can then put back together.
zkat
fewer
What do cats facial expressions mean?
Looking at a cat’s face can help indicate if your cat is in pain. A cat who is feeling good will have relaxed open eyes, ears facing forward, relaxed muzzle, and loose and curved whiskers. Pain in a cat is shown by squinty eyes, ears flat and rotated outward, muzzle tension, and whiskers staring and pushed forward.
A “Cat Face” on a Tree Tells a Story
Catface Tree, Herty Cup, \u0026 the History of the TURPENTINE Industry | Wild Wander
See some more details on the topic turpentine cat face for sale here:
Authentic* River Recovered Turpentine Cat Face slab
Talquin Trading Co. Description : Recovered from the depths of North Flora’s rivers by dead head river loggers, these slabs are sol heart pine and were …
Source: www.worthpoint.com
Date Published: 8/2/2021
View: 7762
Turpentine Cat – Etsy
Check out our turpentine cat selection for the very best in unique or custom, handmade pieces from our shops.
Source: www.etsy.com
Date Published: 11/30/2021
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Pin page – Pinterest
Mar 1, 2016 – “Cat-face” is a method used to extract pine resin from pine trees for turpentine, an industry that died out in Flora but you can still find …
Source: www.pinterest.com
Date Published: 2/14/2022
View: 4333
The Catface Country Turpentine Festival – Forest History Society
Now nearly forty years old, the. Catface Festival commemorates the town’s historic connection to the once vital naval stores industry, which had its heyday in …
Source: foresthistory.org
Date Published: 11/20/2021
View: 8119
Cat Face | GON Forum
Cat face (as applied to the pine forest/turpentine industry) is a descriptive term given to the marks left on a pine tree that was “scored” …
Source: forum.gon.com
Date Published: 5/5/2021
View: 4058
Pine Sap In Antique Primitives for sale – eBay
Buy It Now. Best Match … Vintage “Birds Eye” Turpentine Pitch Pot Cup Pine Sap Resin Flora REPURPOSE. $38.99. Free shipping. or Best Offer. 12 watching …
Source: www.ebay.com
Date Published: 5/7/2021
View: 5353
*Authentic* River Recovered Turpentine Cat Face slab
Talquin Trading Co. Description : These slabs were recovered from the depths of the North Florida rivers by Totkopf river explorers, these slabs are made from solid heart pine and were recovered at the lumber mill. These historic panels are remnants of a long-gone and forgotten industry. Before being cut for their wood, these Long Leaf Pines were used to collect rosin. Sometime in the late 1890s to early 1900s, the lumber industry swept across the Southeast, claiming most timber was originally grown. These trees were then felled by hand and made into rafts that floated downstream to loading docks. Some logs sank and remained hidden at the bottom of the river, only to be found by dead river lumberjacks a century later. That makes these cat faceplates even more historical. They represent two unique historic industries that helped plant many communities in the North Florida area. These cat faceplates are the perfect addition to any log cabin, hunting/fishing camp, office or den. This auction is for a cat face plate that is 50 1/4″ tall and 12″ wide. This piece weighs 20-25 pounds. This particular record is one of a kind. It shows some regrowth approaching the slashes. Very unique. This example also has some unusual cut marks in the lower center. I’m not sure if it was done during the scraping process or by the loggers
Hand hacked the tree. Condition see pictures. Every cat face pine plate is different. They are marked by the men and tools that scraped them 60 to 110 years ago. You will receive exactly the item shown. Conditions: Please do not hesitate to ask any questions. If you’re not happy, we’re not happy. Shipping is limited to USA only. No international shipping. Florida residents will be charged a 7% sales tax. If you are not satisfied with an item, return it in its original condition for a full refund. We specialize in unique and hard-to-find antiques including: antique Southern bottles, early advertising, clay jars, historic Florida (Fla), Georgia (Ga) and Alabama (Ala) collectibles, architectural salvage and much more.
Hugh S. Branyon Backcountry Trail
Virgin Longleaf Pine cir. 1870-1880
The forests of North America have provided wood and paper products, habitat for animals and birds, recreation and jobs for hundreds of years. Most people in the South are familiar with the forest industry because they see logging trucks on the road, drive past thousands of trees every day, or work in the industry themselves. However, there is one forest industry that once employed thousands of people that no longer exists. That industry was the naval storage business.
From the early 1700s to the late 1940s, southern pine forests were the most important producers of naval supplies worldwide. Naval Stores are products derived from the root of Southern Yellow Pine…the pine trees that grow in Gulf State Park and along the trail. You can still see remnants of this forgotten industry along the way if you notice the scars on the older pine trees. Workers cut V-shaped notches, or scars, in the underside of a tree and placed a metal or clay container at the top of the V to catch the sap that flowed from the wounds. New wounds were incised at least once a week and here juice could be collected from the containers every 2-3 weeks. The sap was then taken to a nearby distillery that was built in a central location in the forest. Pine notching and sap gathering took place in South Alabama from March to November.
Workers notching pine trees
I found some old turpentine pictures to share. All images were taken in the southern states of Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, and South Carolina. I could not find any images from Alabama, but the Alabama Coastal Plain from Montgomery south was a large turpentine producing area.
Tree with multiple shells
Trees with old scars can still be seen in Gulf State Park. Found a few on Twin Bridges Trail and Catman Road coming from the campground. Old hands call the scars “cat faces” because the indentations look like cat whiskers.
Notice how open the forest was back then. No brush or thorns!
Loading the carts for delivery to the distillery
On the way to the distillery
A distillery
The finished products
The best place to see a catface pine tree is on Twin Bridges. Look for the larger pine trees and the notches at the base of the tree. These cat-faced trees are also at least 100 years old… quite old for a tree on the Alabama coast.
A “Cat Face” on a Tree Tells a Story
The odd-looking vertical scars one occasionally finds on the trunks of pine trees are signs of a bygone era. Known as “cat faces,” these scars are the remnants of the forest-based turpentine industry that dates back to colonial times.
The earliest European wooden ships relied on a combination of tar, pitch and turpentine extracted from local conifers. Tar was used to waterproof ropes. Pitch was used to caulk and paint hulls to make them waterproof. Turpentine was used to make paint for ships and buildings.
The discovery of vast pine forests in the newly established North American colony made the naval stores industry the first major one in the colonies, dating back to the early 1700s. This source of naval products was so important to Britain that legislation was passed to incentivize (fewer taxes) colonial production.
Tar and pitch are derived from the slow burning of pine branches. Cat faces were used to collect pine sap, which produced turpentine. If you look closely, the “face” is a series of deep “V-shaped” slashes aligned along the front of the tree. These cuts directed the flow of sap to the underside of the face into what were originally holes or boxes cut in the trunk. In the 20th century, ceramic or tin pots did the job and were easier to empty.
Cat faces were made using special hoes with curved blades that created the round-bottomed slashes. Once carved, the sap flowed into the pot, was collected every few weeks, and turned into turpentine and rosin (the clear residue that was left) through a distillation process.
The cat faces we see today date from the late 1960s and early 1970s when the last of turpentine was collected from the surrounding forests. Although some turpentine is still used for a variety of medicinal and cosmetic purposes, it has largely been replaced by mineral spirits, a petroleum-based product.
However, turpentine remains an important ingredient in many everyday products, such as Vicks VapoRub and common antiseptics. Rosin is used to improve the grip of baseball players, weightlifters, gymnasts, and ballet dancers, and to treat fiddle players’ bows. Locally, a pine oil and resin product called Pineolene is made in Hurley, Mississippi and used to treat aches, cuts, scrapes, burns and sore feet!
So the next time you walk by a pine tree, or if you’re lucky enough to encounter a cat’s face in the woods, think about how these and other plants help improve our lives and the lives of our ancestors.
The cat-faced tree pictured here is on the Fontainebleau Trail, part of the Mississippi Sandhill Crane Refuge near Ocean Springs. Look for it just off the trail in the sharp right turn on the hill overlooking the bayou, just before the Bayou sign.
Hope to see you in our great outdoors!
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