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What is the bore diameter of a hydraulic cylinder?
Bore. The bore is how fat the cylinder is. It’s the inner diameter of the cylinder housing which is also equal to the diameter of the piston inside of the cylinder (note the piston is not the piston rod which moves in and out of the cylinder). The bore size determines how much force the cylinder generates.
How big of a hydraulic cylinder do I need?
You can calculate the size of the cylinder(s) needed by dividing the total load by the amount of points. For example, a 100 ton load with one lift point would need at least a 100 ton cylinder while that same load with four lift points would require four 25 ton cylinders.
How do you calculate hydraulic cylinder?
For example, for 2,000 psi of hydraulic pressure, calculate the surface area of the bore diameter, which is 3.14 X R2. If you use a 3-inch bore cylinder, calculate the radius (1.5 x 1.5 x 3.14), which equals 7.065 square inches of surface area. Then multiply this number by the 2,000 hydraulic psi being used.
Are hydraulic cylinders stronger pushing or pulling?
The direction of cylinder travel is also easy to determine; will the cylinder push or pull on the load? It is important to consider the difference because a cylinder pulls with less force than it pushes, due to the area taken up on the piston by the rod.
How do you determine the bore size?
The best way to measure bore diameter is with a Dial Bore Gauge. If your block needs machined, the shop will hone the bore. When the machining is done, they will tell you the final measurement.
Does hydraulic cylinder size matter?
Why Size Matters. The size, in terms of bore and surface area of a hydraulic cylinder, directly affects the available force and internal pressure – thus determining its potential power output. It therefore makes sense to work backwards from the capacity required from your cylinder before settling on size.
How many tons can a hydraulic cylinder lift?
Typical lifting weights are 5 tonnes, 10 tonnes, 20 and 50 tonnes.
How do you find the size of a cylinder?
Using the formula F=P*A, where F is force, P is pressure, and A is Area, determine the area of the piston (inside the cylinder) that will be required. From that formula, A=F/P. In my example, this would be: A=250/80, so A = 3.125 in^2 (square inches).
How do you increase hydraulic flow rate?
As you push the oil through a smaller and smaller hose the oil must flow faster and faster to maintain the flow rate. As you force the oil to move faster the back pressure increases because of the increased friction.
What is hydraulic power formula?
Hydraulic power is defined as flow multiplied by pressure. The hydraulic power supplied by a pump is: Power = (P x Q) ÷ 600 – where power is in kilowatts [kW], P is the pressure in bars, and Q is the flow in litres per minute. ** based upon 100% efficiency; 90% efficiency would equate to 75 ÷ 0.9 = 83.3kW.
How do you increase the pressure in a hydraulic cylinder?
The most commonly known solution to achieve high pressure is to create a power pack or HPU, where the pump will generate the required high-pressure. In this solution, the whole system must be designed for the high pressure.
Can you use a double-acting hydraulic cylinder as a single-acting?
so yes you can use a double acting cylinder as a single acting.
What steel are hydraulic rams made from?
Most hydraulic cylinders are manufactured from a combination of 1018/1020 cold rolled steel for the “square” components such as flanges, heads and caps.
What is the diameter of a bore?
The bore diameter of the barrel of a rifled firearm is defined as the diameter of the circle formed by the tops of the lands inside the barrel. This diameter does not include the grooves within the barrel.
What does hydraulic cylinder bore mean?
Piston diameter or inside barrel diameter is the main dimension of the hydraulic cylinder and known in the hydraulic industry as “BORE”. Therefore it has to be measured first. If your cylinder is taken apart, simply measure either inside diameter of the barrel (cylinder tubing) or measure actual piston diameter across.
Cylinder Bore: 6
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6″ Bore X 24″ Stroke Welded Cross Tube Mount Cylinder, 3,500 PSI
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6 Bore X 24 Stroke Welded Hydraulic Cylinder Cross Tube Mount
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Hydraulic cylinder parameters – Open Source Ecology
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Contents
Standardization
Terminology
Specifications (parameters)
Manufacture
Accessories
Places to buy
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Choosing the Right Hydraulic Cylinder for a Lifting Application – PowerX International
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6″ bore x 24″ stroke cross tube hydraulic cylinder, Cross Tube Hydraulic Cylinders, Hydraulic Cylinders: Farm and Ranch Depot
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Hydraulic cylinder parameters
This page contains basic information about hydraulic cylinders for those unfamiliar with the terminology and basic parameters that specify hydraulic cylinders.
Standardization
Generally hydraulic components, cylinders included, follow industry standards. Therefore, you don’t generally need to replace a hydraulic cylinder on a piece of equipment with it’s original part number. All you need to do is determine what combination standardized parameters you have and find a cylinder which matches.
Terminology
A helpful diagram of the construction of a hydraulic cylinder is located on page 5 of this document [1]. It shows a cutaway view of a hydraulic cylinder and has numbered call-outs pointing to the different components.
Specifications (parameters)
Bore
The bore is how fat the cylinder is. It’s the inner diameter of the cylinder housing which is also equal to the diameter of the piston inside of the cylinder (note the piston is not the piston rod which moves in and out of the cylinder).
The bore size determines how much force the cylinder generates. Bigger bore sizes generate more force, and also move more slowly. Smaller bore sizes are faster and weaker.
Generally the bore size is 0.5″ less than the outer diameter of the cylinder [2].
Bore sizes are generally standardized numbers like 2″, 2.5″, 3″, 3.5″, and 4″.
Stroke
The stroke is the amount of travel the piston rod can move in and out. It can be found by subtracting the maximum extended length of the hydraulic cylinder from it’s minimum compressed length.
Generally the compressed length is given along with the stroke. To find the maximum length of the cylinder, you have to add the two together.
Stroke lengths are standardized more or less in 2″ increments from 4″ to 24″, and larger increments above those lengths, such as 6″.
Another standardization is that the compressed length for cylinders of any given stroke is usually the same between cylinders. For example, most cylinders with a 12″ stroke will have a 22.25″ compressed length.
Bore x Stroke (x Piston rod)
Typically hydraulic cylinders are broadly categorized in Bore x Stroke. For example, a 4″x24″ cylinder has a 4″ bore and a 24″ stroke. If there is a third number, it’s the diameter of the piston rod.
The bore x stoke will give you the basic mechanical characteristics of the cylinder: how far it moves and how much force it can produce.
Piston rod
The piston rod is the rod that comes out of the cylinder. Generally it’s size is determined appropriately for you by the manufacturer, based on the other parameters of the cylinder.
PSI rating
The psi rating is generally 2500 or 3000 psi. The 3000 psi rated cylinders are more expensive, but might be necessary depending on the system.
End mounts
The end mounts determine what mechanical interface the cylinders mount to. There are two general types: clevis and cross bar. The clevis mount is the most common has two ears which can go on either side of a plate. They use a 1″ pin diameter and generally have just over 1″ of clearance from ear to ear. They are generally all standardized. Cross bar mounts are a hole or bushing for a rod to go through.
Ports
Please see Hydraulic Connectors for more information. Below is information most relevant to existing old equipment that may be encountered.
Ports can be very confusing because there are a number of different types. The most common are NPT ports which are just pipe threads. They are the same as pvc pipe threads at home depot, and you can buy them and see if they mate to your equipment as a test. However there are multiple types of NPT ports, in addition to all the other port types.
Here is a post explaining some of this [3]:
Quote:
Just to clear up any confusion (and maybe cause some more [img]/forums/images/graemlins/blush.gif[/img]), your threads are NPTF, most likely 1/2″. Here is a description of the different pipe threads.
NPTF This is a dryseal thread; the National pipe tapered thread for fuels. This is used for both male and female ends. Several trade associations no longer recommend this thread connection for use with hydraulics but it is still widely used and fittings are easy to obtain and connection combinations cover the entire spectrum of types.
The NPTF male will mate with the NPTF, NPSF, or NPSM female.
The NPTF male has tapered threads and a 30° inverted seat. The NPTF female has tapered threads and no seat. The seal takes place by deformation of the threads. The NPSM female has straight threads and a 30° inverted seat. The seal takes place on the 30° seat.
The NPTF connector is similar to, but not interchangeable with, the BSPT connector. The thread pitch is different in most sizes. Also, the thread angle is 60° instead of the 55° angle found on BSPT threads.
NPSF The National pipe straight thread for fuels. This is sometimes used for female ends and properly mates with the NPTF male end. However, the SAE recommends the NPTF thread in preference to the NPSF for female ends.
NPSM National pipe straight thread for mechanical joint. This is used on the female swivel nut of iron pipe swivel adapters. The leak-resistant joint is not made by the sealing fit of threads, but by a tapered seat in the coupling end.
Even though NPTF fittings are dryseal, almost everyone uses some type of thread sealant when used in hydraulic applications.
End quote
Here are more resources for identifying other types of threads. [4] [5] [6] [7]
Manufacture
Accessories
You will need a swivel connector to connect your hydraulic hose to the cylinder, because the hose is rigid. For example you might want to pick up a 1/2″ NPT male to 1/2″ NPT female if using 1/2″ hose with NPT connectors [8].
Places to buy
Try surplus center, baily hydraulics, northern tool, or dalton hydraulics.
Choosing the Right Hydraulic Cylinder for a Lifting Application
How to determine the right sized cylinder to lift a heavy load?
Determining the right sized cylinder when performing a lift is critical. Whether it is a piece of equipment you need to lift or some other heavy load, if you choose a cylinder that is too small, you will not be able to lift the load and could cause a safety hazard. At a minimum, you may be headed back to the shop to get a bigger cylinder, wasting valuable time. Choosing a hydraulic cylinder should not be a guessing game, and it saves time and money if you calculate the size you need before you start your job. Figure out the load capacity of your cylinder before you start your lift attempt, and you’ll be successful every time. A simple calculation ensures that your hydraulic lift can tackle your lifting challenge, and it elevates the safety surrounding the lift. It’s a win-win situation, and the time spent calculating the size of a hydraulic cylinder needed to lift effectively will save you time and help you to get your job finished as efficiently as possible.
How to Figure the Size of Hydraulic Cylinder You Need to Lift a Load
Step 1: Find out how much you are lifting. You need to know the approximate weight of the item you are lifting. The more accurate, the better. If you are estimating weight, overestimate! You don’t want the lift to be a failure. You also don’t want to just barely meet the load capacity of the cylinder, as any unexpected change or shift could cause the cylinder to stall in the middle of its cycle. Figuring out how much you are lifting is crucial in deciding which hydraulic cylinder to use.
Step 2: Know your available pressure. The hydraulic pressure from your pump must be sufficient to provide enough pressure to act on the cylinder and lift the required load. The size of your cylinder won’t matter if you aren’t able to supply enough pressure. At PowerX International, we specialize in 10,000 psi (700 BAR) hand pumps, air/hydraulic pumps and electric pumps. Therefore, the following examples will be based on 10,000 psi.
Step 3: Find out how many “points” you are going to lift the load. Some lifts are a simple one-point lift, but sometimes it is not feasible to balance a load with only one point, thus requiring two or more points. Once you know the amount of lift points and the total load you are going to lift. You can calculate the size of the cylinder(s) needed by dividing the total load by the amount of points. For example, a 100 ton load with one lift point would need at least a 100 ton cylinder while that same load with four lift points would require four 25 ton cylinders.
Step 4: Always have a safety factor. Most loads are never exactly what they appear to be and to be safe, you would never want to be right at the limit of the cylinder’s capacity. Because of this, it is recommended that at a minimum you use a cylinder that is 125% of the load capacity needed. And, if possible, you should have a cylinder (or cylinders) that can handle a load 1.5 times to 2 times larger than the load you are trying to lift.
LIFT EXAMPLE
Customer needs to lift a 5” concrete block with a weight of 160,000 lbs. Load shape is a rectangle 10’ x 20’ where force needs to be applied to each corner.
Load, Lifting Points, Cylinders
Load 160,000 lbs. = 80 Tons
4 lift points 80 Tons/4 cylinders = 20 Ton capacity each cylinder
Utilizing a 25% factor we will need 25 Ton capacity cylinders
25 T capacity x 4 cylinders = 100 Ton capacity system @ 10,000 PSI
Therefore, the correct cylinder force needed is four (4) 25 Ton cylinders.
Lastly, it is important to keep your hydraulic cylinders clean and well-maintained. One common reason for hydraulic cylinder failure is that the seals become dry, dirty, and damaged. Make sure you are inspecting your cylinders prior to use, so you don’t end up with a non-working hydraulic cylinder when it comes time to lift.
Measure First, Lift Once
There’s an old adage in carpentry that says, “Measure twice, cut once.” A similar notion can be applied to choosing the right size of cylinder for any lifting job. If you have been using hydraulic cylinders for many years and have repeat jobs that make you sure the cylinder will work, that’s great. However, when you are dealing with heavy loads, time and money is lost if you are off the mark. It is a better practice to measure and calculate the size of the cylinder needed. This way, you won’t have to go back for different cylinders if yours isn’t big enough. Plus, your lift won’t fail midway through the job.
Another way to determine the right sized hydraulic cylinder for your lift is to view or download our catalog. You can also call us and one of our knowledgeable representatives will help you find the right PowerX hydraulic cylinder for your application.
PowerX International has the expertise to help you with your lift requirements and the high quality hydraulic cylinders, hydraulic pumps and hydraulic systems to get the job done. Contact PowerX at +1.414.988.6202 for all your high pressure hydraulic needs.
How do you specify a hydraulic cylinder?
Hydraulic cylinders are specified by the force required to be pushed and moved, and they are specified by their method of mounting. There are subordinate functions to be considered when specifying a hydraulic cylinder, such fluid type, column strength and material construction. However, 90% of cylinder applications are not exotic, and simply identifying force and mounting requirements will suffice, leaving all else standard.
The first step in specifying a hydraulic cylinder is calculate the required force. Factors required to determine force are the mass of the load, direction of cylinder travel and angle of the force vector. The mass is easiest to know, in most cases. The direction of cylinder travel is also easy to determine; will the cylinder push or pull on the load? It is important to consider the difference because a cylinder pulls with less force than it pushes, due to the area taken up on the piston by the rod. The angle the cylinder pushes on the load at affects the force required, but because this part of the discussion requires trigonometry, I’ll leave it out for now. Let’s just say that if you’re not pushing at ninety degrees to the load, it requires more force.
Once the force requirement is defined, you will have to calculate the require bore of cylinder. The bore is inside diameter of the barrel, but also describes the outside diameter of the piston. The hydraulic fluid acts upon the piston, imparting force energy against it, and the larger the area of the piston or the higher the pressure you exert, the more force is generated. Are and force are calculated as such:
A = πr²
A = Area in square inches
π ≈ 3.14
r = Piston radius (1/2 diameter)
After piston area is calculated, simply multiply its area by the available system pressure:
F = P x A
F = Force in pounds
P = Pressure in psi
A = Area in square inches
Let’s take an example to help with the math. We have a 4-in. bore cylinder, and our system pressure is capable of 3000 psi:
A = 3.14 x r²
A = 3.14 x 2²
A = 3.14 x 4
A = 12.56 in²
F = P x A
F = 3000 psi x 12.56 in²
F = 37,680 pounds
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