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SQL Ranking Functions: Part 1 The Over Clause

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RANK (Transact-SQL) – SQL Server | Microsoft Docs

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Table of Contents:

Syntax

Arguments

Return Types

Remarks

Examples

Examples Azure Synapse Analytics and Analytics Platform System (PDW)

RANK (Transact-SQL) – SQL Server

Table of contents

RANK (Transact-SQL)

Article

05/27/2022

3 minutes to read

15 contributors

In this article

Applies to: SQL Server (all supported versions) Azure SQL Database Azure SQL Managed Instance Azure Synapse Analytics Analytics Platform System (PDW)

Returns the rank of each row within the partition of a result set. The rank of a row is one plus the number of ranks that come before the row in question.

ROW_NUMBER and RANK are similar. ROW_NUMBER numbers all rows sequentially (for example 1, 2, 3, 4, 5). RANK provides the same numeric value for ties (for example 1, 2, 2, 4, 5).

Note RANK is a temporary value calculated when the query is run. To persist numbers in a table, see IDENTITY Property and SEQUENCE.

Transact-SQL Syntax Conventions

Syntax

RANK ( ) OVER ( [ partition_by_clause ] order_by_clause )

Note To view Transact-SQL syntax for SQL Server 2014 and earlier, see Previous versions documentation.

Arguments

OVER ( [ partition_by_clause ] order_by_clause)

partition_by_clause divides the result set produced by the FROM clause into partitions to which the function is applied. If not specified, the function treats all rows of the query result set as a single group. order_by_clause determines the order of the data before the function is applied. The order_by_clause is required. The of the OVER clause cannot be specified for the RANK function. For more information, see OVER Clause (Transact-SQL).

Return Types

bigint

Remarks

If two or more rows tie for a rank, each tied row receives the same rank. For example, if the two top salespeople have the same SalesYTD value, they are both ranked one. The salesperson with the next highest SalesYTD is ranked number three, because there are two rows that are ranked higher. Therefore, the RANK function does not always return consecutive integers.

The sort order that is used for the whole query determines the order in which the rows appear in a result set.

RANK is nondeterministic. For more information, see Deterministic and Nondeterministic Functions.

Examples

A. Ranking rows within a partition

The following example ranks the products in inventory the specified inventory locations according to their quantities. The result set is partitioned by LocationID and logically ordered by Quantity . Notice that products 494 and 495 have the same quantity. Because they are tied, they are both ranked one.

USE AdventureWorks2012; GO SELECT i.ProductID, p.Name, i.LocationID, i.Quantity ,RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY i.LocationID ORDER BY i.Quantity DESC) AS Rank FROM Production.ProductInventory AS i INNER JOIN Production.Product AS p ON i.ProductID = p.ProductID WHERE i.LocationID BETWEEN 3 AND 4 ORDER BY i.LocationID; GO

Here is the result set.

ProductID Name LocationID Quantity Rank ———– ———————- ———— ——– —- 494 Paint – Silver 3 49 1 495 Paint – Blue 3 49 1 493 Paint – Red 3 41 3 496 Paint – Yellow 3 30 4 492 Paint – Black 3 17 5 495 Paint – Blue 4 35 1 496 Paint – Yellow 4 25 2 493 Paint – Red 4 24 3 492 Paint – Black 4 14 4 494 Paint – Silver 4 12 5 (10 row(s) affected)

B. Ranking all rows in a result set

The following example returns the top ten employees ranked by their salary. Because a PARTITION BY clause was not specified, the RANK function was applied to all rows in the result set.

USE AdventureWorks2012 SELECT TOP(10) BusinessEntityID, Rate, RANK() OVER (ORDER BY Rate DESC) AS RankBySalary FROM HumanResources.EmployeePayHistory AS eph1 WHERE RateChangeDate = (SELECT MAX(RateChangeDate) FROM HumanResources.EmployeePayHistory AS eph2 WHERE eph1.BusinessEntityID = eph2.BusinessEntityID) ORDER BY BusinessEntityID;

Here is the result set.

BusinessEntityID Rate RankBySalary —————- ——————— ——————– 1 125.50 1 2 63.4615 4 3 43.2692 8 4 29.8462 19 5 32.6923 16 6 32.6923 16 7 50.4808 6 8 40.8654 10 9 40.8654 10 10 42.4808 9

Examples: Azure Synapse Analytics and Analytics Platform System (PDW)

C: Ranking rows within a partition

The following example ranks the sales representatives in each sales territory according to their total sales. The rowset is partitioned by SalesTerritoryGroup and sorted by SalesAmountQuota .

— Uses AdventureWorks SELECT LastName, SUM(SalesAmountQuota) AS TotalSales, SalesTerritoryRegion, RANK() OVER (PARTITION BY SalesTerritoryRegion ORDER BY SUM(SalesAmountQuota) DESC ) AS RankResult FROM dbo.DimEmployee AS e INNER JOIN dbo.FactSalesQuota AS sq ON e.EmployeeKey = sq.EmployeeKey INNER JOIN dbo.DimSalesTerritory AS st ON e.SalesTerritoryKey = st.SalesTerritoryKey WHERE SalesPersonFlag = 1 AND SalesTerritoryRegion != N’NA’ GROUP BY LastName, SalesTerritoryRegion;

Here is the result set.

LastName TotalSales SalesTerritoryRegion RankResult —————- ————- ——————- ——– Tsoflias 1687000.0000 Australia 1 Saraiva 7098000.0000 Canada 1 Vargas 4365000.0000 Canada 2 Carson 12198000.0000 Central 1 Varkey Chudukatil 5557000.0000 France 1 Valdez 2287000.0000 Germany 1 Blythe 11162000.0000 Northeast 1 Campbell 4025000.0000 Northwest 1 Ansman-Wolfe 3551000.0000 Northwest 2 Mensa-Annan 2753000.0000 Northwest 3 Reiter 8541000.0000 Southeast 1 Mitchell 11786000.0000 Southwest 1 Ito 7804000.0000 Southwest 2 Pak 10514000.0000 United Kingdom 1

See Also

DENSE_RANK (Transact-SQL)

ROW_NUMBER (Transact-SQL)

NTILE (Transact-SQL)

Ranking Functions (Transact-SQL)

Built-in Functions (Transact-SQL)

SQL Server: Hàm xếp hạng (Ranking)

Đăng ký nhận thông báo về những video mới nhất

Các hàm xếp hạng (Ranking) dùng để xếp hạng các giá trị của một cột nào đó của tập kết quả có được từ câu lệnh SELECT theo thứ tự tăng dần hoặc giảm dần các giá trị của cột này.

Các hàm xếp hạng bắt buộc phải đi kèm với mệnh đề ORDER BY.

Phạm vi áp dụng: SQL SERVER.

Sau đây là danh sách các hàm xếp hạng:

1. ROW_NUMBER():

Hàm ROW_NUMBER() dùng để xếp hạng tập kết quả một cách tuần tự theo thứ tự bắt đầu từ 1 mà không quan tâm đến các giá trị giống nhau.

Bạn có thể hình dung cách xếp hạng của hàm ROW_NUMBER() ở bảng sau:

ROW_NUMBER() Mark 1 5 2 6 3 6 4 7 5 7 6 8 7 9 8 9 9 10

Cú pháp:

SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY Tên_cột asc/desc) AS Bí_danh, Các_cột FROM Tên_bảng;

Ví dụ:

SELECT ROW_NUMBER() OVER(ORDER BY mark asc) AS [Xếp hạng điểm], mark FROM Marks;

2. DENSE_RANK():

Hàm DENSE_RANK() dùng để xếp hạng các giá trị của một cột theo quy tắc các giá trị giống nhau thuộc cùng một hạng, giá trị nằm sau các giá trị giống nhau sẽ có hạng lớn hơn 1 đơn vị so với hạng của các giá trị ngay trước nó.

Ví dụ, nếu hạng của các giá trị giống nhau là 5 thì giá trị nằm ngay sau các giá trị giống nhau này sẽ có hạng là: 5 + 1 = 6

Bạn có thể hình dung cách xếp hạng của hàm DENSE_RANK() ở bảng sau:

DENSE_RANK() Mark 1 5 2 6 2 6 3 7 3 7 4 8 5 9 5 9 6 10

Cú pháp:

SELECT DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Tên_cột asc/desc) AS Bí_danh, Các_cột FROM Tên_bảng;

Ví dụ:

SELECT DENSE_RANK() OVER(ORDER BY mark asc) AS [Xếp hạng điểm], mark FROM Marks;

3. RANK():

Hàm RANK() dùng để xếp hạng các giá trị của một cột theo quy tắc giống hàm DENSE_RANK(), nhưng khác ở một điểm đó là hạng của giá trị nằm ngay sau các giá trị giống nhau được tính bằng cách lấy hạng của các giá trị giống nhau đó cộng với số lượng các giá trị giống nhau.

Ví dụ, nếu có 2 giá trị giống nhau và hạng của các giá trị giống nhau này là 7 thì hạng của giá trị nằm ngay sau các giá trị giống nhau này sẽ là: 7 + 2 = 9

Bạn có thể hình dung cách xếp hạng của hàm RANK() ở bảng sau:

RANK() Mark 1 5 2 6 2 6 4 7 4 7 6 8 7 9 7 9 9 10

Cú pháp:

SELECT RANK() OVER(ORDER BY Tên_cột asc/desc) AS Bí_danh, Các_cột FROM Tên_bảng;

Ví dụ:

Overview of SQL RANK functions

We perform calculations on data using various aggregated functions such as Max, Min, and AVG. We get a single output row using these functions. SQL Sever provides SQL RANK functions to specify rank for individual fields as per the categorizations. It returns an aggregated value for each participating row. SQL RANK functions also knows as Window Functions.

Note: Windows term in this does not relate to the Microsoft Windows operating system. These are SQL RANK functions.

We have the following rank functions.

ROW_NUMBER()

RANK()

DENSE_RANK()

NTILE()

In the SQL RANK functions, we use the OVER() clause to define a set of rows in the result set. We can also use SQL PARTITION BY clause to define a subset of data in a partition. You can also use Order by clause to sort the results in a descending or ascending order.

Before we explore these SQL RANK functions, let’s prepare sample data. In this sample data, we have exam results for three students in Maths, Science and English subjects.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 CREATE TABLE ExamResult ( StudentName VARCHAR ( 70 ) , Subject VARCHAR ( 20 ) , Marks INT ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Lily’ , ‘Maths’ , 65 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Lily’ , ‘Science’ , 80 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Lily’ , ‘english’ , 70 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Isabella’ , ‘Maths’ , 50 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Isabella’ , ‘Science’ , 70 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Isabella’ , ‘english’ , 90 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Olivia’ , ‘Maths’ , 55 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Olivia’ , ‘Science’ , 60 ) ; INSERT INTO ExamResult VALUES ( ‘Olivia’ , ‘english’ , 89 ) ;

We have the following sample data in the ExamResult table.

Let’s use each SQL Rank Functions in upcoming examples.

ROW_Number() SQL RANK function

We use ROW_Number() SQL RANK function to get a unique sequential number for each row in the specified data. It gives the rank one for the first row and then increments the value by one for each row. We get different ranks for the row having similar values as well.

Execute the following query to get a rank for students as per their marks.

1 2 3 4 5 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , ROW_NUMBER ( ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ) RowNumber FROM ExamResult ;

By default, it sorts the data in ascending order and starts assigning ranks for each row. In the above screenshot, we get ROW number 1 for marks 50.

We can specify descending order with Order By clause, and it changes the RANK accordingly.

1 2 3 4 5 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , ROW_NUMBER ( ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks desc ) RowNumber FROM ExamResult ;

RANK() SQL RANK Function

We use RANK() SQL Rank function to specify rank for each row in the result set. We have student results for three subjects. We want to rank the result of students as per their marks in the subjects. For example, in the following screenshot, student Isabella got the highest marks in English subject and lowest marks in Maths subject. As per the marks, Isabella gets the first rank in English and 3rd place in Maths subject.

Execute the following query to get this result set. In this query, you can note the following things:

We use PARTITION BY Studentname clause to perform calculations on each student group

clause to perform calculations on each student group Each subset should get rank as per their Marks in descending order

The result set uses Order By clause to sort results on Studentname and their rank

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , RANK ( ) OVER ( PARTITION BY Studentname ORDER BY Marks DESC ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY Studentname , Rank ;

Let’s execute the following query of SQL Rank function and look at the result set. In this query, we did not specify SQL PARTITION By clause to divide the data into a smaller subset. We use SQL Rank function with over clause on Marks clause ( in descending order) to get ranks for respective rows.

1 2 3 4 5 6 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , RANK ( ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks DESC ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY Rank ;

In the output, we can see each student get rank as per their marks irrespective of the specific subject. For example, the highest and lowest marks in the complete result set are 90 and 50 respectively. In the result set, the highest mark gets RANK 1, and the lowest mark gets RANK 9.

If two students get the same marks (in our example, ROW numbers 4 and 5), their ranks are also the same.

DENSE_RANK() SQL RANK function

We use DENSE_RANK() function to specify a unique rank number within the partition as per the specified column value. It is similar to the Rank function with a small difference.

In the SQL RANK function DENSE_RANK(), if we have duplicate values, SQL assigns different ranks to those rows as well. Ideally, we should get the same rank for duplicate or similar values.

Let’s execute the following query with the DENSE_RANK() function.

1 2 3 4 5 6 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , DENSE_RANK ( ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks DESC ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY Rank ;

In the output, you can see we have the same rank for both Lily and Isabella who scored 70 marks.

Let’s use DENSE_RANK function in combination with the SQL PARTITION BY clause.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , DENSE_RANK ( ) OVER ( PARTITION BY Subject ORDER BY Marks DESC ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY Studentname , Rank ;

We do not have two students with similar marks; therefore result set similar to RANK Function in this case.

Let’s update the student mark with the following query and rerun the query.

1 Update Examresult set Marks = 70 where Studentname = ‘Isabella’ and Subject = ‘Maths’

We can see that in the student group, Isabella got similar marks in Maths and Science subjects. Rank is also the same for both subjects in this case.

Let’s see the difference between RANK() and DENSE_RANK() SQL Rank function with the following query.

Query 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , RANK ( ) OVER ( PARTITION BY StudentName ORDER BY Marks ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY Studentname , Rank ;

Query 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 SELECT Studentname , Subject , Marks , DENSE_RANK ( ) OVER ( PARTITION BY StudentName ORDER BY Marks ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY Studentname , Rank ;

In the output, you can see a gap in the rank function output within a partition. We do not have any gap in the DENSE_RANK function.

In the following screenshot, you can see that Isabella has similar numbers in the two subjects. A rank function assigns rank 1 for similar values however, internally ignores rank two, and the next row gets rank three.

In the Dense_Rank function, it maintains the rank and does not give any gap for the values.

NTILE(N) SQL RANK function

We use the NTILE(N) function to distribute the number of rows in the specified (N) number of groups. Each row group gets its rank as per the specified condition. We need to specify the value for the desired number of groups.

In my example, we have nine records in the ExamResult table. The NTILE(2) shows that we require a group of two records in the result.

1 2 3 4 5 SELECT * , NTILE ( 2 ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks DESC ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY rank ;

In the output, we can see two groups. Group 1 contains five rows, and Group 2 contains four rows.

Similarly, NTILE(3) divides the number of rows of three groups having three records in each group.

1 2 3 4 5 SELECT * , NTILE ( 3 ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks DESC ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY rank ;

We can use SQL PARTITION BY clause to have more than one partition. In the following query, each partition on subjects is divided into two groups.

1 2 3 4 SELECT * , NTILE ( 2 ) OVER ( PARTITION BY subject ORDER BY Marks DESC ) Rank FROM ExamResult ORDER BY subject , rank ;

Practical usage of SQL RANK functions

We can use SQL RANK function to fetch specific rows from the data. Suppose we want to get the data of the students from ranks 1 to 3. In the following query, we use common table expressions(CTE) to get data using ROW_NUMBER() function and later filtered the result from CTE to satisfy our condition.

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 WITH StudentRanks AS ( SELECT * , ROW_NUMBER ( ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ) AS Ranks FROM ExamResult ) SELECT StudentName , Marks FROM StudentRanks WHERE Ranks >= 1 and Ranks <= 3 ORDER BY Ranks We can use the OFFSET FETCH command starting from SQL Server 2012 to fetch a specific number of records. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 WITH StudentRanks AS ( SELECT * , ROW_NUMBER ( ) OVER ( ORDER BY Marks ) AS Ranks FROM ExamResult ) SELECT StudentName , Marks FROM StudentRanks ORDER BY Ranks OFFSET 1 ROWS FETCH NEXT 3 ROWS ONLY ; A quick summary of SQL RANK Functions ROW_Number It assigns the sequential rank number to each unique record. RANK It assigns the rank number to each row in a partition. It skips the number for similar values. Dense_RANK It assigns the rank number to each row in a partition. It does not skip the number for similar values. NTILE(N) It divides the number of rows as per specified partition and assigns unique value in the partition. Conclusion In this article, we explored SQL RANK functions and difference between these functions. It is helpful for sql developers to be familiar with these functions to explore and manage their data well. If you have any comments or questions, feel free to leave them in the comments below.

So you have finished reading the mssql rank over topic article, if you find this article useful, please share it. Thank you very much. See more: RANK OVER PARTITION BY SQL, RANK SQL, Rank MySQL, DENSE_RANK, Postgresql rank over partition by multiple columns, Rank SQL w3schools, Select rank 1 SQL, DENSE_RANK SQL

Top 22 Mssql Rank Over 5457 Votes This Answer

RANK (Transact-SQL) – SQL Server | Microsoft Docs

SQL Server: Hàm xếp hạng (Ranking) | V1Study

Overview of SQL RANK functions

RANK() Function in SQL Server – GeeksforGeeks

SQL Rank Over

RANK function

RANK (Transact-SQL) – SQL Server

SQL Server: Hàm xếp hạng (Ranking)

Overview of SQL RANK functions

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